Volume 14, Issue 3, March 2023 Edition - IJSER Journal Publication


Publication for Volume 14, Issue 3, March 2023 Edition - IJSER Journal Publication

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Design and Implementation of an Electronic voting system: A case study of Lagos State University Students’ Union []


This paper detailed the design and deployment of an electronic voting system for Lagos State University (LASU) Students Union Elections. The electronic voting system was developed in order to allow students to cast their votes in a more convenient manner while also ensuring improved efficiency of the voting process; this is expected to significantly reduce the defects associated with traditional voting processes such as mistakes and electoral malpractices. The electronic voting system deployed helped to solve the various problems associated with a conventional voting system that depends on physical ballot papers and boxes. The implementation is based on a combination of hardware such as fingerprint scanners, internet modems, and switches as well as software applications used in configuring the electronic voting platform which includes PHP (used for server-wide interactions), MySQL (for database management), HTTPS (for provision of additional security to eliminate external interference with the system, and web browser (to access the voting platform). Having tested the electronic voting system during the LASU Students Union elections under the supervision of the Vice-chancellor and other management members of the institution, the system was adjudged to have made possible, free, and fair elections, with election results released immediately without any form of delay. The implementation of an electronic voting system for the electoral process in LASU ended as a success. Everybody who participated in the process applauded the system and even encouraged it to be taken to the next level. Hence, it is thus recommended.

A Deep Q Learning Approach to Autonomous Vehicle Decision Making []


This study showcases the use of Deep Q Learning for decision-making in autonomous vehicles. The innovative technique employs a deep neural network to calculate the Q-function, which is then leveraged to pick the optimal action for the vehicle in each situation. The efficacy of the cutting-edge method is proven through simulated scenarios, such as navigating lane changes and adhering to the correct side of the road. The results reveal that this Deep Q Learning approach outperforms conventional decision-making techniques, exhibiting remarkable adaptability to changing road conditions. The paper concludes that this methodology holds the key to augmenting the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicles, thereby making driving a safer and smoother experience for all.

Past, present and future []


Uses of different mathematical forms to find out the relationship between our past to present and present to future can be possible. We are in a finite set taken as the present set which is linked with the past infinite set. Again the present finite set is related with the future infinite set. If L,P,F are three sets of elements of past, present, future then we can see a relationship with these three.

Urban Transformation Governance in Capital Cities; Practices from Cairo, Berlin and Doha []


The need for participatory approach as an accredited policy in urban transformation is increasing for both developing and developed countries to reach Sustainable Development Goals. In cities centers especially in the capitals which have problems backlog of urban challenges, poor urban conditions and high heritage and economic valued areas. This study focuses on governance of urban transformation phases in critical inner capital cities from Africa, Europe and Asia; Maspero Triangle in Cairo, Haus der Statistik in Berlin and Msheireb Downtown Doha. The research aims to analyze the level of decentralization in urban decision making, study factors affecting the residents’ movement after urban transformations, and analyze the effect of local community awareness and external environment on selecting the suitable participation model. Through reviews, surveys and interviews, the study finds out that the focus is on citizen’s role in planning stage, while his role is neglected in ongoing operation phase and also unsatisfied in identification phase. The factors of measuring the collaborative decision making are suitable to be applied on other projects. The study finds high influence of indirect factors affecting residents’ choices during alternatives selection, voting and negotiations process managed by government, media and private sector.

Routing Traffic Pattern Analysis Using MANET []


Goal of the research thesis is to analyze MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) Routing Protocols' performance in order to achieve diverse traffic patterns. Over time, wireless communication has undergone significant advancement. The self-con Fig, infrastructure-less network architecture is the foundation of MANET. The nodes (electronic devices) in the infrastructure-less network architecture lack a fixed base station also called the access points. Network architecture is not stable because network nodes are always migrating from one location to another. As a result, each node can be thought of a router that receives and transmits information and data. These protocols hold the secret to communicate effectively since the propagation distance is constrained by the constant shifting of locations and topology. (AODV) Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector and Dynamic Source Routing are two common routing techniques (DSR). For our research, we have specifically looked into these techniques. Throughput, latency, packet delivery ratio, and packet loss are the parameters chosen for the performance measurement. NS2 simulator and Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) were used for simulation. Analysis of the NS2 and OPNET findings comes up with the effectiveness of each technique.

Simulating the Effect of Architecture Forming Elements on Resonance Frequency []


Forming includes any process that depends on a group of elements that are united by specific organizational relationships that govern relations between each other. Forming aims to specialize the architecture product from others so that it can be linked in the human mind with unique characteristics. The process of architectural formation is a two-way process that is confined between mass and space, depending mainly on the optical properties such as form, size, material, proportion and transparency. The other principle represents the effect caused by the architecture itself through resonance which describes the phenomenon of increased amplitude that occurs when the frequency of a periodically applied force is equal or close to a natural frequency of the building on which it acts. Many simulations software calculates resonance through geometry. This research tests the effect of each forming element on resonance frequency using CST Microwave studio. The results show that some elements have an effect on resonant frequency such as form, material, proportion and size. However, doors, windows and orientation have no effect and can be neglected.

A systematic literature review of Hypothyroidism linked Depression []


Hypothyroidism and depression cause a significant burden of disease and have been associated in many studies and in clinical practice .There are neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid disease which are being studied and there are linkages between both but still there is a gap in implementation of these practices Despite the growing body of evidence linking hypothyroidism and mental health, there is still a need for more research on this topic. Methodology - Database search for articles and studies was done with 2 researchers independently on google scholar ,pubmed ,science direct .The studies were analyzed for the suitability for inclusion and 20 studies were finally finalized .The salient features of the studies was tabulated and findings collated for review Results -There are significant association between hypothyroidism and depression and al the studies corroborated the fact .it was more strongly associated in women and elderly .Clinical findings are important to look for features of underlying subclinical hypothyroidism .More studies and protocols for subclinical hypothyroidism and coexistence of depression should be made and followed

Best Practices for Energy Efficiency in Data Center Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems []


The steady increase in data center energy consumption, the growing energy supply crisis on a global scale, and concerns about climate change are bringing to the forefront the need for energy conservation and more rational use of energy. The increased energy consumption is due to the increased capacity of data processing and telecommunications (datacom) equipment, which contributes to the increased energy demand of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems whose job it is to achieve and maintain the prescribed criteria for temperature, humidity and cleanliness in the rooms in which they are located. The average energy consumption of HVAC systems installed in data centers is about 31% of the total energy consumption in data centers. This paper explores opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of HVAC systems by integrating proven best solutions, focusing on mechanical cooling equipment and cooling distribution equipment, as parts of HVAC systems that are significant energy consumers.

Evolving Novelty in Oil Spill Evaluation []


This study brings to limelight the fact that the contemporary spill assessment routines need to be improved upon, a procedure that will enable virtual visualization of spatial distribution of spilled oil (petroleum) in the subsurface (isosurface) should be included. There are added values to that such as the subsurface distribution of spilled oil at a site, precise knowledge of GPS locations of emplaced patches and accummulated oils in the isosurface and the potential ease of remediation/clean up. The possible application of risk based corrective action (RBCA) is a critical advantage.

A Comparative Study of Data Mining and Information Retrieval []


This write up describes the concept of data mining and information retrieval, focusing basically on the type of tasks that can be solved with data mining, the technologies used to perform these tasks, the advantages and challenges of data mining. It also examines the concept of information retrieval looking at the challenges in retrieving information, the measures for information retrieval and the methods of information retrieval.

Multiple forms of renewable energy []


There are worries that the world's oil as well as other energy reserves, particularly in recent decades, may soon exhaust itself. Several ways may be easily seen in which the environment has been affected by the widespread use of fossil fuels. The use of fossil fuels continues to dominate the world's energy mix. They are responsible for more than 80% of energy use. Due to industrialization and population growth, our economy and technology today are highly dependent on natural resources that cannot be replaced

A Review of Positive Effects of Metal Hardening Process in Heat Tr []


In metallurgy, hardening is a process used to improve the hardness of a metal. In today’s era, there are many different types of metal hardening processes known to be employed in order to make certain metals better suited to their purposes. Mechanical properties of metals can often be enhanced using heat treatment. In heat treatment, metals or alloys are heated to specific, often very high, temperatures and then cooled in order to harden the material. Keywords: Discuss on a metal hardening, heat treatment, annealing, precipitation hardening, strength.

INTERNET OF THINGS AND CYBER SECURITY []


The world is changing at every single minute, and the generations have to keep up the pace. In this busy life everybody is trying to find a peace of mind and the technological advancements are giving a good grip to hang on the life. This is how busy the human race is, no time for food but nutrients can be taken in the form of supplements. In a similar manner the Internet of Things(IoT) is helping people by filling up the void in their daily life. Its all about connectivity, gone are the days when internet was all about certain webpage and websites. IOT is much more than that, its about sensors and software coordinating with other technology connected through internet. But with great power comes greater responsibility. As in IOT is all over the table, covering every aspect of life but there is a warning attached to it. Since everything is exposed to internet there is a possibility of data theft, hacking, phishing attack, etc. So the security is the biggest question now, since no matter how big the organization, data theft is a big deal but IOT is not restricted to few organizations instead it is available to each and every individual. The simplest example is the smart watch. Lot of development is going in the direction of IOT and its security zone and there are a lot of corners which are still unscathed. In other words, IOT has its advantages as well as some cumbersome data leakage that is still the biggest debate.

DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) is a widely used technique for digital image watermarking due to its ability to analyze the image at different resolutions. []


The proliferation of digitized media due to the rapid growth of networked multimedia systems, has created an urgent need for copyright enforcement technologies that can protect copyright ownership of multimedia objects. Digital image watermarking is one such technology that has been developed to protect digital images from illegal manipulations. In particular, digital image watermarking algorithms which are based on the discrete wavelet transform have been widely recognized to be more prevalent than others. This is due to the wavelets' excellent spatial localization,and multi-resolution characteristics, which are similar to the theoretical models of the human visual system. In this paper, we describe an imperceptible and a robust DWT digital Image Watermarking algorithm.The algorithm watermarks a given digital image using a Discrete Wavelet Transform.

The Bit Error Rate (BER), Optical Beat Interference (OBI), and Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) are important parameters in Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OOFDM) systems, which are widely used in optical communication networks. []


The concept of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been known since 1966. OFDM is an attractive modulation technique for transmitting large amounts of digital data over radio waves. One major disadvantage of OFDM is that the time domain OFDM signal which is a sum of several sinusoids leads to high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). The number of techniques proposed for reducing the PAPR in OFDM systems. These techniques can mainly be categorized in to signal scrambling techniques and signal distortion techniques. The signal distortion techniques introduce both In band and Out-of-band interference and complexity to the system. The signal distortion techniques reduce high peaks directly by distorting the signal prior to amplification. Those are clipping peak windowing, peak cancellation, Peak power suppression, weighted multicarrier transmission. Companding is also one of the signal distortion technique but which able to offer an improved bit error rate (BER) and minimized OBI while reducing PAPR effectively. The companding technique can be used to improve OFDM transmission performance. The law of companding technique is used to compand the OFDM signal before it is converted into analog waveform. The OFDM signal, after taking IFFT, is companded and quantized. After D/A conversion, the signal is ransmitted through the channel. At the receiver end then the received signal is first converted into digital form and expanded. Companding is highly used in speech processing where high peaks occur infrequently.

The estimation of polonium contents in soil and plant samples in Udaipur, Rajasthan can be done through a process called radiochemical analysis. []


The study was performed using alpha counting system at College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur, Rajasthan. Through the study, the observed 210Po activity in plant and soil sample from different locations in Bhoio Ki Pancholi area ranges from 2.45-173.50 Bq kg-1 on dry weight basis. The daily and annual intake of 210Po through water was also estimated and the mean value of 0.72 and 263.61 Bq, respectively, were observed. It is observed that the effective doses through water were higher than the World Health Organization recommended dose of 0.05 mSv/year. The polonium contents in soil samples are in the range of 2.45-173.50 Bq kg-1 on dry weight basis. In soil samples minimum polonium contents was observed in samples no. BS I-17S. Maximum polonium contents (173.50 Bq kg-1) were observed in sample no. BS II-4S. This soil sample was collected from the farmer’s field in which it was growing Triticum aestivum. At site BS I, Jatropha curcas showed the maximum polonium concentration (22.67 Bq/kg) (sample no. BS I-7P). Certain other plants with high concentrations of polonium were Azadirachta indica, Tabernaemontana divaricata & Lantana camara. Minimum polonium concentration was observed in Calotropis procera (0.36 Bq/kg). In plant samples polonium contents was observed in the range of 0.36-25.94 Bq kg-1. The plants of site BS II were also found to concentrate quite high polonium concentration ranging 1.91-25.94 Bq kg-1. Maximum polonium contents (25.94 ) was observed in sample no. BS II-16P . Keywords Activity - Daily - Dose - Intake - Polonium -

High-pressure processing (HPP) is a food processing technique that uses high-pressure water to inactivate bacteria, viruses, yeasts, molds, and enzymes in food and beverage products. []


Abstract: Consumers demand high quality and convenient products with natural flavor and taste, and greatly appreciate the fresh appearance of minimally processed food. In order to harmonize or blend all these demands without compromising the safety of the products, it is necessary to implement newer preservation technologies in the food industry. High pressure processing kills microorganisms and preserves food" was discovered way back in 1899 has been used with success in chemical, ceramic. Hite (1899) investigated the application of high pressure as a means of preserving milk, and later extended the study to preserve fruits and vegetables. The ability of high pressure to inactivate microorganisms and spoilage catalyzing enzymes, whilst retaining other quality attributes, has encouraged Japanese and American food companies to introduce high pressure processed foods in the market. High pressure is required to produce the packaged foods that are safer, longer lasting, more natural and better tasting. In addition, high pressure processing (also called high pressure pasteurization) provides the food industry with new product development opportunities that can fully exploit the functional properties of ingredients such as proteins, etc. Pressure is applied uniformly throughout a food material, independent of its mass and time. HPP is a method of food processing where food is subjected to elevated pressures (87,000 pounds per square inch or approximately 6,000 atm), with or without the addition of heat, to achieve microbial inactivation or to alter the food attributes in order to achieve consumer-desired qualities. Pressure inactivates most vegetative bacteria at pressures above 60,000 pounds per square inch. HPP retains food quality, maintains natural freshness, and extends microbiological shelf life.

Real-time data monitoring using a PC can provide many benefits, including faster data analysis, more accurate data collection, and improved decision-making. []


Automation continues to grow as an important tool in industrial process chains. Automated quality inspection helps to improve the bottom line as well as the quality of the process. Under traditional quality control, inspection of components (checking to make sure that bolt, screw or studs are welded) takes place at the end of the operation process. The problem with this sort of inspection it doesn't work. It won't ensure quality, however you define it. By this lot of time is spent on re-work and loss for the company. In the modern production process, the applications of the automated quality control technology receive extensive recognition, and it is considered as a major way to enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises. Here is an Automated Quality Control System which has Infra-red Sensor on the conveyor belt to detect the component and stop the conveyor belt to automatically inspect. The placement of bolts, screws or studs are detected by proximity sensors connected to microcontroller. If the component is not according to specification, then the component will be driven towards the Component Rejected Bin. If the QC is passed, then it is driven towards a different bin. Number of components passed or rejected will be shown on LCD display and buzzer warning will be aired out when the component is rejected and documented in a file on the computer. The microcontroller is connected to the computer through a line driver and stores the QC data according to the date.

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