Volume 15, Issue 11, 11 2024 Edition - IJSER Journal Publication


Publication for Volume 15, Issue 11, 11 2024 Edition - IJSER Journal Publication

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Torque of Photon by Particle Nature []


According to Einstein (1905), the concept of light quanta is essential for understanding the emission and transformation of light, which forms the basis for analyzing photon behavior in various media. Photon means energy packet in electromagnetic radiation. We have done a lot of research over this most tiny packet of energy but still I have one question. What’s about its shape? And the answer to this question gives me multiple new questions and new answers. I started working over the answer and developed new research over the photon. Let’s start from one phenomenon of light known as refraction of light. We have seen that light bends and there is explanation of it by refractive index and angle of incidence, refraction, u = sin(i)/sin(r). But I believe this is incomplete. We have studied and focused only on motion or path of photon. But something happened to the energy packet there. Light consists of energy packets of photons. If we assume that light coming from vacuum has spherical shape photon but after passing a transparent layer having refractive index and shape changes due to torque and force acting over the photons. This can lead to breakthrough in understanding of photon size and behavior.

Determinants of tea productivity among smallholder farmers: evidence from Karongi district, Rwanda. []


This study investigates the determinants of tea productivity among smallholder farmers in Karongi district, Rwanda. The tea sector plays a significant role in the country's economy, particularly for smallholder farmers who cultivate tea as a cash crop. Using a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, this research explores various factors influencing tea productivity and profitability at the farm level. Key determinants examined include the socio-economic and institutional characteristics of farmers, access to agricultural inputs, adoption of modern farming techniques, land size, and market access. The findings revealed that variables that affected tea productivity among smallholder farmers in Karongi Watershed Tea Plantation included age, the area allocated for tea production, fertilizer usage, farming experience, access to credits, and access to extension and were statistically significant at 5% and 10% levels of significance; and those that affected tea production. The findings reveal important insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by smallholder tea farmers in Karongi district, shedding light on potential interventions to enhance productivity and profitability in the tea sector

Adoption of Digital Learning Technology: An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants in Telecom Sector []


Technology has advanced significantly from the analogue period to the digital era. Digital Learning Technology (DLT) is a learning paradigm based on the use of ubiquitous latest technologies, by using smart devices. It can be described as a learning environment that is assisted in daily life by wireless networks, mobile, and embedded computers. It aims to offer content and interaction to students wherever they are, at any time. The learning process has advanced thanks to the technology revolution, which has also fundamentally altered how knowledge is shared and learned. At present, there exist other frameworks too, but they are centered towards different paradigms, and point of view pertaining to DLT with its emphasis on Telecommunication Sector has not been taken into consideration. As, existing frameworks are centered towards different environments hence there exists a need to add dimensions of Empowered Learner, Digital Citizen, Knowledge Curator, Innovative Designer, Computational Thinker and Creator, Communicator & Global Collaborator. These have not been integrated together in existing available research. The study will ascertain level of knowledge of DLT and examine factors which affect the adoption rate, use, and role of DLT in telecoms setups. The results of this research will help create a framework that, if used in any academic or learning setting in a technology-based firm.

Evaluating the effectiveness of Suv39h1: A Novel Epigenetic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease as a Therapeutic Target in Drug Discovery []


More than 55 million people worldwide are affected by Alzheimer's disease each year, and by 2050, cases could exceed 152 million. Current literature suggests that epi-genetic dysregulation in gene expression is one key mechanism of neurodegeneration and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Ross, 2022). However, information needs to be more comprehensive regarding the impact of epigenetic factors on synaptic dysregulation and the lack of reproducibility of results experimentally. The research study aimed to examine B-amyloid and Tau activity from epigenetic factor Suv39h1 as a therapeutic target in drug discovery. Suv39h1 was chosen as a potential target for research as its function in creating gradients for histone methylation on histone 3 (H3) due to the similar function of Euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) and EHM12, shown to inhibit Amyloid-beta aggregation in AD. The study employed a three-step data collection methodology comprising data processing, modeling, and toxicity prediction. Data collection involved referencing functional relationships to identify similar inhibition patterns of Amyloid and Tau proteins with a review of Apolipoprotein E (ApE) and EHMT1 increasing synaptic activity. Sequence alignment was also done during this phase to locate functional relationships using BLAST and STRING. Protein modeling and experimentation were done with ligand-receptor binding applications to determine efficacy. Lastly, toxicity prediction through SVM classification indicates drug development feasibility. The results indicated Suv39h1 as a viable factor associated with Tau aggregation. Although current literature has not yet identified the gene as an epigenetic factor involved in AD, the binding affinity results using Global Range Molecular Matching (GRAMM) demonstrate high efficacy. Overall, the results from the study indicate Suv39h1 as a functioning potential therapeutic target in AD, prompting further in-vitro and in-vivo research to confirm associations.

Analyzing Impact of Pakistan Economic Corridor on Import and Export in Pakistan and China []


China and Pakistan, among other countries, have a pressing need for a quicker, safer, and more cost-effective commerce route heading to the west, which encompasses Europe and the Middle East. This study's main goal is to determine whether the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a viable, long-term option for future market penetration and company growth. With an emphasis on shipping costs and transit times, it examines how the China-Pakistan commerce is affected by the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The report also contrasts the effectiveness of the proposed CPEC route with that of the existing trade route. For this analysis, a qualitative and descriptive research style was used. The results show that significant cost reductions can result from following the suggested CPEC path. The cost of shipping between Gwadar, Pakistan, and Kashgar, China, might drop by 69% for Oman, 49% for Jeddah and Kuwait, and 38% for European ports. Additionally, transit times for ports in Europe, Jeddah, Kuwait, and Oman might be shortened by 10–11 days, 11–13 days, and 15–18 days, respectively. Keywords: China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Pakistan Economic Corridor. Import/Export, Project.

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