Volume 13, Issue 5, May 2022 Edition - IJSER Journal Publication


Publication for Volume 13, Issue 5, May 2022 Edition - IJSER Journal Publication

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Building a Shared Future for all Life: Why We Need More Green Building []


Three decades after the Convention on Biological Diversity was signed, the situation of the planet’s biodiversity remains bleak, placing human health and wellbeing, and even survival, at risk. Action to address the causes of biodiversity loss has expanded since the first International Day for Biological Diversity was marked in 1993. Nevertheless, the threat to biodiversity has reportedly grown because the scale of action has not been enough to stem the tide. Humanity’s material footprint, for example, has increased by 113% over the last thirty years, dwarfing productivity and efficiency gains. Though not the sole cause of biodiversity loss, the built environment plays a major role, with linkages to all five primary drivers – climate change, habitat destruction, pollution, invasive species & resource overexploitation. The scale of these impacts is, furthermore, set to increase in the face of rapid urbanization. The built environment also offers opportunities to address biodiversity loss through green building practices like dematerialization, site optimization, effluent and emissions management, circularity, and design-for-deconstruction. These will need to be complemented with more sustainable urban planning, like measures to better integrate the built and natural environments. The concern, however, is that the transition to a more sustainable built environment is not progressing quickly enough, with most progress occurring in developed countries. More action in developing countries is necessary to scale up sustainable urban development and green building practices. Progress is being made, an example of which is the recent establishment of green building council in Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy. Faster change is however needed, with major changes required across multiple sectors. These include the elimination of barriers, provision of infrastructure to support green buildings, fiscal and regulatory incentives to build green, and, above all, political and professional leadership.

Estimation and Forecasting Ability of Volatility Models in Two Emerging Stock Markets in Africa []


The project estimates four ARCH models and investigate their forecasting power for volatility of the rate of returns in two stock markets of emerging economies in Africa namely: Botswana Share Market Index for the period 20.11.2001 - 01.07.2014, and the Nairobi Securities Exchange 20 Share Index for the period 02.08.2006 - 01.07.2014. ARCH model, GARCH model, E-GARCH model and GJR-GARCH model were employed to analyze the rate of returns against two different distributions on error terms: normal distribution and student-t distribution. After comparing Akaike Information Criterion and the Schwarz Information Criterion, the best model was chosen to forecast the volatility of these emerging markets. lt was found that the EGARCH model has the best forecast performance compared with other models for Nairobi Securities Exchange 20 Share Index. For the Botswana Share Market index, the TAR.CH model was found to be the most appropriate model compared with other models . Keywords: ARCH Models, Forecasting, Power, Stock markets, Volatility of returns

STAKEHOLDERS’ ENGAGEMENT, LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE DIVISION OF ZAMBALES []


The study determined the stakeholder engagement, the learning environment, and the academic performance of the secondary school students at the public schools in the Division of Zambales. The participants in this research include the parents, teachers, and school principals. The descriptive research design was used, and the necessary data were collected through a questionnaire from the participants. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the calculation, analysis, and interpretation of the data. The findings in this study revealed that parents, teacher-responders, and school principal-responders perceived that they were "Highly Engaged" in school activities. The parents, teachers, and school principals rated the learning components of the environment as “Very Important”. There was a significant difference between the perceptions of parents and teachers and parents and school principals regarding the stakeholder engagement. A significant difference was found between the perceptions of the parents and teachers, parents and school principals, and teachers and school principals regarding the sustainable learning environment. The academic performance of high school students was “Very Satisfactory”. There was a significant relationship between the academic performance of the high school students and the involvement of stakeholders as perceived by parents. Based on the summary of findings and conclusions, the researcher recommended that school principals may consider utilizing the customer feedback form while listening and responding to concerns raised by stakeholders. The school principals can consider motivational factors to increase parents' interest in participating in the school programs and activities. The school principals can take measures to increase the school's participation over the number of promoted students. School principals are encouraged to create a safe learning environment for children who follow child safety standards. Teachers are encouraged to set goals from the curriculum for their subjects at the beginning of each school year. Future researchers can conduct a more in-depth and broader follow-up study to confirm the findings from the study.

OPTIMAL PMU PLACEMENT TO MITIGATE FALSE DATA INJECTION VULNERABILITY []


The false data injection attack is one of the most cyber security challenging in the last decades. Phasor measurement units (PMUs) deploy on power system using different approach and strategy and it is possible for an intruder to manipulate them which makes them one of the vulnerable targets for causing power system operations to be disrupted. Previous research publications proposed different method to deploy these PMUs to improve voltage profile and power transfer capabilities, then power system security is the final goal. PMUs have a high installation cost, which prevents them from being installed throughout the network. In this study used topological spanning trees method to deploy PMUs along a network in optimum locations to ensures the grid's critical observability. The primary goal of this effort is to strategically install PMUs to reduce the grid's vulnerability to a prospective false data injection attack while also increasing grid observability via PMUs. Using power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) within MATLAB platform is performed, and the results are compared to prove the system improvement. Testing of the proposed scheme's effectiveness on the IEEE 30 bus test system has confirmed its efficacy.

Reducing Damaging Effect on Elastic Properties of Asphalt Concretes Exposed to High Curing Temperatures through Increased Compaction []


The behaviour of flexible pavements which can be explained from the behaviour of asphalt concretes in the laboratory is one that is usually complex due to the configuration of the pavement structure having different modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio. Secondly, during service life the pavement is exposed to certain severe maladies such as traffic loads having different axle configuration, moisture intrusion in cases were drainage measures are poor or absent and lastly changes in temperature particularly in arid regions. As a result these impediments asphalt pavement usually require as a precedence proper characterization and evaluation in order to mitigate these external factors. The present study had considered one of the most damaging factors to asphalt concrete – change in curing temperature; its effect on the elastic properties of asphalt concrete and how to reduce the damaging effect it creates through increased compaction. The methodology involved preparing asphalt concrete samples in the laboratory using the Marshal Design Procedure. In addition, the samples were prepared using varying compaction efforts of 35, 50, 75 and 100 blows before subjecting the samples to varying curing temperatures between 60 -100 ̊C and finally crushing to failure. The elastic properties of the concrete samples were investigated under the conditions above with respect to tensile and compressive elastic modulus. The results obtained revealed that tensile elastic modulus increased linearly with increasing compaction between 35 – 100 blows having an average increase of 97.94%, 105.80%, 117.52%, 132.98% and 160.28 for 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 ̊C respectively. The same was true for compressive elastic modulus having average increase between 35 – 100 blows of 87.24%, 99.73%, 118.34%, 134.67% and 138.32% for 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 ̊C respectively.

Effect of Internet addiction []


Internet addiction is a behavioral pattern characterized by excessive or obsessive online and offline computer use that leads to distress and impairment. Internet addiction has been connected with dimensionally measured depression, anxiety and indicators of social isolation. The current research paper explains the effects of internet addiction in the 19 to 25 years age group, a pilot research work based on a case study and internet addiction test was conducted. The paper further explains effects after applying Pearson’s correlation. The Pearson’s correlation value come out to be 0.08. After studying this work and calculating scores, effects were compared by analyzing the high scores which are more addicted to the internet and low scores which are less addicted to the internet. It was observed that subjects suffer more mental effects like anxiety, depression than physical effects. The authors through their work have been able to draw the conclusion that there is a dire need on part of the teen adolescents to take measure and the control the use of their time spent on digital platforms. From conduction it is found that there is great need for awareness of the effect of Internet addiction among the adolescent.

Effects of Internet addiction []


Internet addiction is a behavioral pattern characterized by excessive or obsessive online and offline computer use that leads to distress and impairment. Internet addiction has been connected with dimensionally measured depression, anxiety and indicators of social isolation. The current research paper explains the effects of internet addiction in the 19 to 25 years age group, a pilot research work based on a case study and internet addiction test was conducted. The paper further explains effects after applying Pearson’s correlation. The Pearson’s correlation value come out to be 0.08. After studying this work and calculating scores, effects were compared by analyzing the high scores which are more addicted to the internet and low scores which are less addicted to the internet. It was observed that subjects suffer more mental effects like anxiety, depression than physical effects. The authors through their work have been able to draw the conclusion that there is a dire need on part of the teen adolescents to take measure and the control the use of their time spent on digital platforms. From conduction it is found that there is great need for awareness of the effect of Internet addiction among the adolescent.

DEVELOPMENT OF POLLUTION AND MOSQUITO REPELLENT PROTECTIVE CURTAINS SERVING THE AESTHETIC PURPOSE []


It is considered that Curtains serve as a means of insulation and regulation that plays an essential role in the overall aesthetics of a room as well as it can protect us from outside pollution and mosquitoes. The need of this Development is to serve people with better protection by keeping in mind the aesthetics of a room. The curtains are designed by integrating the air filters and mosquito repellent coating which is done using a mixture of natural repellent and cross linking agent. Test at different concentration of Neem leaves extract ad neem bark extract were done to check the efficiency of mosquito repellent curtains. Air filters fabric is integrated in the middle layer which eliminates the invasion of harmful dust particles into the room. Curtains are embroidered using photo luminescent threads for the aesthetic purpose.

Customized AI Diet Planner []


One of the essential factor of diet is it provide essential nutrient to our body, our food must be nutrient dense it must contain all Macro nutrients (proteins,carbohydrate, fat) and right amount of calories based on the person’s energy expenditure. While the field of dietetics and nutrition has been bombarded with food recommender systems over the years, little research has been performed on meal planner applications grounded on macro nutrients compliance. This paper proposed web based meal planner app called “customize Diet Planner” .good nutrition is required in our daily life. Keywords: Macro nutrients ,Micro nutrients

Design and Performance Analysis of Multicast Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Network []


Development of dynamic routing protocol is most challenging task in (Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks) VANETs as topology keeps changing due to high speed moving vehicles. Due to the high mobility of vehicles the problem of link failure becomes frequent in vehicular ad hoc network , the most difficult task in VANET routing is the identification and maintenance of optimal paths for communication . The broadcasting technique has high bandwidth consumption and delay. Thus this paper presents the multicasting routing protocol so as to minimize the bandwidth .In this technique the cluster is formed on the basis similar parameters like speed and direction, after the formation of cluster the appropriate cluster head is selected and routing protocol is proposed for selection of best reliable path from source to destination. The nodes having maximum connectivity with nearest node is selected as cluster head . Simulation experiments are conducted and the results are compared that show better performance in terms of throughput and packet delivery ratio ( PDR).

Novel Design of Multilayer WLAN Filter having Compact Size with Improved Performance []


Due to the development of wireless communications and the appearance of new systems there is high demand in small size, low cost filters with high performance. Therefore, miniaturization of bandpass filters with improvement of their characteristics is a big challenge in modern filters design. This is achieved by improvement of conventional concepts and approaches, as well as by introduction of new topologies and designs. Multi-layer concept in conventional filter designing prove to be the best approach to meet the challenges in modern filter design. In this work, a new method to design a Multi-layer bandpass filter (BPF) is presented for WLAN applications. This method is based on a simple principle: different substrates (dielectric constants) will result different resonant frequencies for a resonator. The basic structure of this method is studied and then a planar bandpass filter is designed to utilize in this structure. To reduce the filter size, dual layer filter is proposed but increase in insertion loss due to multi-layer coupling. To overcome this issue, the Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) filter is established based on multilayer technique. To prove the concept of microwave WLAN filter, the operating central frequency of 2.44 GHz is demonstrated and validated through simulation and measurement. Finally, the multilayer configuration with dielectric substrates showed that the bandwidth is broaden up, insertion loss, return loss and size are reduced than single layer configuration.

Analysis and Improvement of Performance Criteria in Vehicular Communication []


A vehicular ad hoc network is one of the spontaneous engenderments of a wireless network of mobile contrivances. This is the maximum developing studies area within the discipline of telecommunication. Resulting from rapid topology converting and common disconnection, it miles immensely difficult to layout a green routing protocol for routing statistics among cars, known as the car to conveyance conversation and conveyance to roadside infrastructure. VANET will inaugurate a brilliant revolution in Wi-Fi communique of speedy facts transmission, network availability, protection, and safety by using a superior application phase. VANET faces several challenges in phrases of Quality of Service and its Overall Performance which relies upon several parameters including conveyance density, throughput, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, emergency message inter-arrival time, packet loss ratio, average cluster time, protocol overhead, delay, broadcast count, and so forth. Performance evaluation and amelioration of the C2C communique associated with packet delivery ratio and throughput is the concern in this research. Furthermore, the destiny of the C2C communique; advantages, and barriers also are discussed right here. Eventually, the top demanding situations of destiny paintings on VANETs are presented. I evaluate the performance metrics which include packet delivery ratio and throughput utilizing the OMNET++ simulator.

CARTOONIFY THE REAL-LIFE IMAGE BASED ON MINI BATCH COLOR CLUSTERING []


Recently, creating a realistic image using image processing has become an integral part of machine learning and computer vision. Realistic images in pixel size can be created using certain image processing operations. Learning to make colourful cartoon images from ordinary film or an image is not only an interesting research problem, but also has a potential application for digital entertainment. In this work, we will explore the problem of cartoon imagery from real life image using Laplacian filters and mini-batch k-means clustering operation. The new model not only has the ability to create cartoon images, but also allows users to specify the desired filter size. Experimental results show that the proposed work performs better than existing image-to-cartoon image methods.

COMPARATIVE STUDY AND COST ANALYSIS OF BRICKS, METALS AND LIGHT WEIGHT PANELS FOR RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE A []


Construction industry could be considered as a very important sector for development all over the World and the construction cost is the most important element in it. The construction project can vary from extremely profitable to barely worth it and sometimes end up costing the contractor more than what he or she is getting paid to complete it. In construction industry the aim of project control is to ensure the projects finish on time, within budget and achieving other project activities. Time and cost are two main concerns which increase importance of cost reduction techniques. Reduction of cost of construction is a constant goal for construction industry. One way of reducing construction cost is to develop innovative technologies as well as methodologies to increase productivity. This study was carried out to compare cost analysis of brick construction, metal construction and light weight panel construction.

Solar Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Active Output Filter under Non-Linear Load Conditions []


Abstract:In this project,a new solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle's electric powertrain (UAV) is proposed. The proposed system structure is based on the creation of a power supply system for both the Solong and Zyphyr aircraft models. The proposed UAV model incorporates the Zyphry UAV's use of an AC line feeder to power the propellers rather than DC power lines. Solar panels, an energy management system based on a lithium sulphide battery, an inverter, an AC bus-line, and an active output filter are all part of the proposed powertrain (AOF).The AOF topology is made up of a high switching frequency H-bridge inverter and a small LC filter. By incorporating an emulated series resistance with the H-bridge stage to ensure high quality pure sinusoidal waveform of the line voltage, the AOF system reduces the size and weight of the power transmission system while significantly improving its conversion efficiency.This emulated series resistance produces an injected voltage across it to diminish unwanted harmonics created from the non-linear load. A simulation model setup is created to simulate the proposed system and the system is tested under non-linear load condition with closed-loop feed-back control strategy. The obtained simulation and experimental results demonstrate that high-quality sinusoidal line voltage waveforms can be obtained using the active resistance compensation technique with total harmonic distortion factor less than 3%.

Unconventional Solution to Control the Sea Level Rise in the Mediterranean (Proposed Idea) []


Abstract The Mediterranean basin is one of the most prominent hotspots of climate and environmental changes. The most common and dangerous impact of climate change is sea level rising. Several countries are suffering from this risk disaster especially the countries of Med-Mediterranean basin. The need for an unconventional and sustainable solution has become necessary and urgent. The current idea is proposing to maintain the level of the Mediterranean by controlling the flowing waters, whether from the Atlantic Ocean or the Indian Ocean, by constructing two mega dams at the western and eastern outlet. The western dam is erected on Gibraltar, and the eastern dam is erected at the Gulf of Suez. Many environmental, economic and social objectives could be achieved. The solution will need strategical environmental impact assessment study, beside of other geological, hydro-geological and engineering complementary activities. These activities should be preceded construction.

BIOFORTIFICATION OF IRON IN RICE []


Agricultural cultivars with higher concentrations of micronutrients may help the iron deficiency that affects more than two billion people (biofortification). Fe content in rice seeds may be increased by a variety of transgenic methods, which we discuss in detail in this work. Twofold increase in Fe content in converted seeds emerged from this method's implementation.

Radiation-induced Compaction in the laboratory-made soda-lime glass caused by 100 MeV Ag+7 ions []


The radiation-induced compaction of Soda Lime glass at various ion flounces is discussed in this paper. Radiation-induced compaction is investigated by measuring intrinsic qualities like density and refractive index. The absorption band in optical properties and FTIR spectroscopy analysis are also used to investigate radiation-induced compaction. Radiation-induced absorption bands in the visible range are produced by the E'center and non-bridging oxygen hole centres, according to an experimental study. Before and after irradiation, the Urbach energy and bandgap energy were calculated. Radiation-induced structural modification and changes in glass composition have been attributed to the decrease in energy gap values. The radiolysis of Si–O–Si bonds have been used to explain changes in the FTIR spectrum caused by ion irradiation.

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