TMRI 2015 - Technology Enabling Modernisation of Rural India

"TMRI 2015 Conference Papers "

A Review paper on Metamaterial Absorber[ ]


In this paper a brief review of various structures designed from Metamaterial Absorbers is given. Compared with conventional materials, Metamaterials exhibit some specific features that are not found in conventional material. Absorbers from metamater ials are used for the various applications such as Antennas, Clocking Devices, Super Lenses etc.

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Review Paper on Secure & Effective Environment Using Graphical Password Authentication Scheme[ ]


Authentication, authorization and audit are the most important issues of security in data communication. In particular, authentication is the life of individual essential close friend. The security of user authentication depends on the strength of the password. A strong password is generally random, bizarre, very long and difficult to remember. For most users, these irregular remember passwords are very difficult. To easily remember and security are two sides of a coin.

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Image Processing Discrete Wave Transform Using Non Linear Filters[ ]


Noise compression from images is one of the most important concerns in image processing. There are different type of noise are present in Image processing like Impulse noise,Salt nd pepper Noise,Gaussian Noise etc. For removing these noise different type of filter are used. For this, we proposed method for 5x5 matrix window are used.

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Estimation of Agro-information through Wireless Sensor Network[ ]


Modern agriculture uses modern techniques to improve productivity and automation of agriculture . One of the modern technology is wireless sensing network. This WSN consist of multiple sensors, deployed in crop field, which senses the environmental parameters and process data in order to make automation in agriculture. Paper focuses on accurate data reception by precision transceivers using appropriate channel estimation technique. An experimental set-up is proposed using least square estimation technique which analyzes the error between the estimated and measured agro-data. Error in signal estimation (prediction) directly decreases the crop-productivity. Hence the paper focuses on different estimation techniques which could be deployed in the hardware realization of the agro-info based sensors, which could improve the reception.

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Adaptive Approach for Zooming Images Using Bilinear Interpolation Technique[ ]


In this paper we use a proposed Bilinear interpolation algorithm for image zooming. A process in which we expand an image by a factor (greater than one) i.e. magnification factor is called image zooming. So, when we apply zooming function generally to an image, it will usually effect in aliasing; edge blurring and other artifacts. In our proposed method, the bilinear interpolation method is working to expand the original image. We are using the pixel grouping procedure to execute and to classify the pixels in the enlarged image. According to experimental resultant data, it is displayed that our proposed system provides better image quality. We can evaluate the result in terms of visual appearance and also in terms of PSNR.

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Voltage stability of self excited wind induction generator using STATCOM[ ]


The transient Voltage stability is an important issue to achieve the uninterrupted operation of the system during grid faults. The wind turbine induction generator and STATCOM both are connected to the grid. A Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is applied to a power network which includes two wind turbine driven squirrel cage Induction generators (SCIG) driven by a wind turbine for transient voltage stability support. In the paper the STATCOM improves the performance of the power network under the varying demand of reactive power and the different fault condition on the power line. The system is simulating using MATLAB/ SIMULINK.

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A review paper on Gauge Technique Cloud Computing[ ]


The paper comprises of deploying whole web application and its related services in cloud platform using PaaS, here major concern is to secure the data and maintain the data flow in a streamlined manner. Methodology adopted here is using virtualization technique and utilizing resource developing platform as a service platform and it is used as a service. Online art gallery is the search engine friendly content management system in which user and admin interact with each other. Here the application is being deployed in Amazon AWS and PaaS used is Appfog which is build of cloud foundry, the open platform as a service and the database used is MySQL.

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Analysis and Identification of Potential Cell Tower Sites using GIS[ ]


GIS can vastly influence the rural development, providing huge amount of information in accurate and timely manner. In this paper, the factors influencing the establishment of new Cell towers in those areas which has been out of reach, has been elaborated. Identification of BlackSpots, the areas where mobile strength is non-existent, are done by data collection. For selection of a potential site, the most important requirement for a property is that it must be inside a “search ring”.

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IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF DYNAMIC LATCHED COMPARATOR FOR PTL CLOCK GATING CIRCUIT[ ]


Comparators are basic building blocks for designing modern mixed signal systems. Speed and resolution are two important factors which are required for high speed applications. This paper presents a design for an on-chip high-speed dynamic latched comparator for high frequency signal digitization. The dynamic latched comparator consists of two cross coupled inverters comprising a total of 9 MOS transistors. The measurement and simulation results show that the dynamic latched comparator with clock gating design has higher speed, low power dissipation and occupying less active area compared to double tail latched and pre-amplifier based clocked comparators. These comparators are used in PTL circuits, so we compared the application of a PTL circuits by using the above specified three comparator designs. The simulation results show that PTL with clock gating circuit dynamic latched comparator has occupied less active area and also having higher speed and lower power dissipation.

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Performance measurement of MIMO communication system under variation beam forming condition using water filling technique[ ]


The World always wants to use a better wireless network that’s why it always needs to be improved. Due to limited range, capacity and data rates of these wireless devices a MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system is introduced to overcome these limitations. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems have been emerged as a technical breakthrough for high-data-rate wireless transmission. In this paper we analyse the various combinations of different modulation techniques with different beam forming methods. Here we have analysed eight different combinations of modulation techniques and beam forming techniques. In the different modulation techniques we are using BPSK, QPSK, 4 QAM, 16- QAM, FSK and MSK. Similarly the different beam forming techniques are SIMO, MISO, max Eigen mode transmission with water filling power distribution.

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Insect Inspection on the basis of their Flight Sound[ ]


This paper aims in monitoring the flying insects using their flight sound. Crop protection is one of the biggest issue in agriculture. In order to get high yield, we need to reduce the level of pest insect. The ability to use cheap, noninvasive sensors to correctly recognize flying insects cogent involvement in the area of entomology and aids in the evolution of many useful applications in vector control for both medical and agricultural entomology. However, none of the research had a lasting work. Here, we are presenting solutions of this problem by using several factors i.e. acousting sensing devices, a whack to read complex models with relatively little data. We are using pseudo-acoustic optical sensors which produces highly acute data. A different type of classification named Bayesian classification is used. This classification permit us to learn other 1models which are vigorous to overfitting. A general framework is introduced to inspect the insect adding additional feature.

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Magnitude reduction of stator current in BLDC Motor Using Hall-Stator Current Control Strategy[ ]


In the current past, variable speed drives have grown in many applications as automobile industries, domestic appliances etc. The electronics devices are mostly built up to preserve the energy consumption of various devices. This increase to the growth in Brushless DC motor BLDC motor and the BLDC motor improves different factors ranging from Having High dynamic response, Having Higher efficiency, low weight, compact construction, Long operating life, Noiseless operation, Higher speed ranges instead of other motors. The BLDC motor can operate as a choice for traditional motors like induction and switched reluctance motors. In this paper the conventional control strategy which is Hall sensor output control strategy is implemented using the Hall-Stator current output control strategy. It is observed that the magnitude of stator current is reduced using the Hall-Stator current output control strategy so for the same operating condition and speed the BLDC motor is taking less current hence losses due to current is less when compared with conventional control strategy. The simulation of BLDC motor is done using MATLAB R2009b.

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A REVIEW PAPER ON TECHNIQUES AND DESIGN FOR METAMATERIAL ABSORBER[ ]


Metamaterials (MTMs) [1], due to their attractive properties, are nowadays experimentally used in many engineering applications like negative refraction [2], perfect lens [3], cloaking [4], antenna miniaturization [5] and so on. Metamaterial absorber has large thickness as compare to microwave absorber.In this review paper a survey is conducted on commonly used techniques and design used in metamaterial absorber papers which has been used by authors for designing of an ultrathin, bandwidth enhanced ,affordable metamaterial absorber.

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Anti- theft energy metering system[ ]


The distribution company can never be 100% secure from theft. In many distribution company, the amount of theft is 1-2% of electricity generated. But the financial loss is high due to large amount of energy is distributed. Anti-theft metering system provides us fully protected metering system of electrical supply. The concept use in this system is that firstly we take the data from transformer side and after that we take data from consumer side and we compare both data. If data is on both side is same then its ok but when there is difference between both the data the system will send a message to grid substation and also send a location of region where the theft is being detected.

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Monitoring of Environmental parameters in Smart Greenhouse using Wireless Sensor Network and Artificial Neural Network[ ]


Environmental monitoring is a type of monitoring in which, monitor the quality of environment and we are measure the Environmental physical parameter and control the all environmental physical parameter according to environment required. All types of Environmental program are design and start according to current situation of Environmental physical parameter. India is very largest country in this world and many people depends on agriculture because India world 2nd largest agriculture activity done [1], but there are many problems are interrupt.

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IMPROVEMENT OF POWER QUALITY USING PWM TECHNIQUES[ ]


The main purpose of this paper is to improve the power quality by using PWM Techniques and also discussed the effect of harmonics. This paper is explain the power quality in term of definitions, causes and effect. To improve the fundamental peak voltage and harmonics reduction be use many configuration of PWM techniques. In addition detail comparison of all configuration in term of THD, FET and dominating harmonics element. The PWM technique is minimize the harmonics and also eliminate the harmonics. The PWM technique is represent by a simple algebraic equation. This paper result describe on the basis of MATLAB simulation

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Removal of Impulse Noise by adoption of an Advance Modified Decision Based non linear filter[ ]


Today we are living in digital world so we face various problems regarding to image is noise. NOISE is redundant information that corrupts an image. In digital images processing different types of noises are introduced. An image can be corrupted by Impulse noise, due to faulty camera sensors, Impulsive noise introduced during image acquisition systems, and transmission through noisy channel. Noise removing as an important for preserved the image

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HIGH PERFORMANCE PIPELINED SIGNED 8*8 -BIT MULTIPLIER USING RADIX-4,8 MODIFIED BOOTH ALGORITHM[ ]


Booth multiplier algorithm provides a basic platform for the new advanced fast with higher performance multiplier. It is little work performed on disposal of the negative partial products .Booth multiplier algorithm provides better encoding during the multiplication first step. Radix 4 and Radix 8 multiplication. We are improving the results of LUT’s and Delay by use pipelining. For improve the performance of the Radix4 and Radix 8 multiplication, we used pipelining. The data is flowing through the pipelining so that the results are getting improved. After introduce the pipeline the Radix 4 delay and power get reduced and also reduces for the Radix 8 .Pipelining is the way in which data will flow in the form of parallel. In our project when the data is getting transfer from one connection to another connection then the data is transferring by parallel. so we introduce pipelining there for improve the results.

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The Design of Ring VCO by using clock gating in 130 nm CMOS[ ]


A genuine modulator constituted on QPSK modulator that is ployed for the confinement of the injection in the modulation of phase along the formulation of clock that is locked in phase. As per the suggested gating of clock & a VCO, optimization of absorption of power & delay is performed. A CMOS of 130nm is formulated by the recommended modulator of QPSK. The delay of 3.63ns is attained &the power that is used is 5.931240e-009W.

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Comparative study of load carrying capacity of under-reamed, bored compaction and friction piles for muzaffarpur soil[ ]


The research work is done on the soil of muzaffarpur considering the site bela for determining the safe bearing capacity of under-reamed, bored compaction and friction piles for different diameter and length. The analysis of load is done by using the mathematical equation used for the determination of bearing capacity of soil. The results are obtain such as the bearing capacity of under-reamed pile is less than 1.92 times the bored compaction pile for single bulb and 1.45 times for double bulb. Whereas the bearing capacity of bored compaction pile is 3.84 to 5.29 times the friction pile and the bearing capacity of under-reamed pile compare to friction pile is between 2.84 to 2.74 times. So on comparing under-reamed, bored compaction and friction pile the conclusion is made that bored compaction pile is best suited for muzaffarpur soil as compare to under-reamed, bored compaction and friction pile.

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Image Compression and Entropy Estimation using 2 level Wavelett Transform Technique[ ]


Now a days it can be observed that it is easy to communicate with people through images ,however the problem arrises when the image file are large in size which requires higher bandwidth and more time to travel from transmitter end to receiver end.Many applications have and developed to facilitate users to communicate in form of text, audio, vedio and images. In this thesis images are taken and compressed in such a way that it doesnot losses its information or we can say images are compressed without degrading the quality of the image and keeping intact the amount of information present in original image.Wavelett transform technique is useful when it comes to compress an image , however the compressed image result in loses the information content of an original image.

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An Investigation On Power Factor and THD In Distributed Power System For Practical RL Load[ ]


This paper discusses the investigation over power factor and total harmonic distortion of system for dc RL load. Poor power factor costs our community in increased electricity charges and unnecessary effect in the system and poor power quality. In electrical plants, the loads draw from the network electric power (active) as power supply source (e.g. personal computers, printers, etc.) or convert it into another form of energy (e.g. electrical lamps or stoves) or into mechanical output (e.g. electrical motors) or rectifier. To smooth such negative effect, the power factor correction of the electrical plants is carried out. The power factor correction obtained by using power factor correction switch banks to generate locally the reactive energy necessary for the transfer of electrical useful power, allows a better and more rational technical-economical management of the plants. The system is capable of correcting power factor up to unity or adjusting it according to user desire. The proposed system is characterized by, less generation of harmonics, and reduction of transmission losses. Also, this paper is somehow different from conventional base paper in the sense that here load is taken as practical inductive load which is abundantly found in the industry instead of highly inductive load where load current is assumed to be constant for the simplification of design. Simulation results are reported and proved to be in good agreement with the relevant experimental results.

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DYNAMIC-FEATUREXRACTION, ATTRIBUTION, AND RECONSTRUCTION (DEAR) METHOD[ ]


This thesis makes an effort approach a method of deriving the reduced dynamic model of the seven machine 29 bus systems. It consists of identification of coherent generators, aggregation of coherent generators and network reduction. Coherent generators are identified by means of time domain simulation. In interconnected power systems, dynamic model reduction can be applied to generators outside the area of interest to reduce the computational cost associated with transient stability studies. The method consists of three step ,namely dynamic-feature extraction, attribution, and reconstruction (DEAR). In this method, a feature extraction technique, such as singular value decomposition (SVD), is applied to the measured generator dynamics after a disturbance. Characteristic generators are then identified in the feature attribution step for matching the extracted dynamic features with the highest similarity, forming a suboptimal “basis” of system dynamics. In the reconstruction step, generator state variables such as rotor angles and voltage magnitudes are approximated with a linear combination of the characteristic generators, resulting in a quasi-nonlinear reduced model of the original system.

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Compact Elliptical Multiband Slotted Patch Antenna with Defective Ground Structure[ ]


A compact antenna consisting of Elliptical patch, a slotting line and Coaxial feed line is proposed in this work. This design is made up of a square patch along with the capability of covering multiple bands in 1-15GHz range. The simulation results of square patch with slotted line arrangement with different slot size and with the modification in slot geometry of these different arrangements are presented in this paper. The slotted square patch antenna designed with RT-Duroid substrate (εr=2.22, h=0.37mm). Simulation results of return loss and polar radiation pattern are analysed in this paper.

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PARALLEL CONNECTED DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER FOR HIGH POWER TRANSFER USING SOFT-SWITCHING[ ]


In this proposed work buck converter is provided with a high power which is transmitted to the load through a soft-switching topology. The transfer of this high power to the load is possible since the switches are connected in parallel and this prevents the switches from being damaged because of the high current. Without the use of auxiliary switches zero voltage switching and zero current switching is obtained which makes the proposed circuit more simple. All the switches in operation at a time transmit equal power to the load which increases the reliability and efficiency of the switches. There is not only the reduction in input current and output voltage ripple but also results in small size and less cost of the converter circuit due to the use of common soft-switching method. In spite of using four operating switches the control of the converter is simple. Different modes of operation of converter are shown with dc analysis. ZVS and ZCS can be obtained by single switch which reduces switching losses and efficiency is increased.

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A review paper on Hand Gesture Recognition and Voice conversion system[ ]


Generally dumb people use sign language for communication but they find difficulty in communicating with others who don’t understand sign language. This project aims to lower this barrier in communication. It is based on the need of developing an electronic device that can translate sign language into speech in order to make the communication take place between the mute communities with the general public possible. A Wireless data gloves is used which is normal cloth driving gloves fitted with flex sensors along the length of each finger and the thumb. Mute people can use the gloves to perform hand gesture and it will be converted into speech so that normal people can understand their expression.

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Mathematical Analysis to find out an Optimum Tilt Angle of PV panel for Jaipur[ ]


The increasing demand for electricity, source of primary fuel is going to be very low and the continuous increasing label of air pollution causes pushup to made new methodology to generate the electricity via renewable sources of energy like as hydro, sun, tidal, wind energy etc. From these kind of source of renewable energy, sun energy play an important role for production of pollution free electrical energy which important of life. The sun is regarded as a good source of energy for its consistency and cleanliness, unlike other kinds of energy such as coal, oil, and derivations of oil that pollute the atmosphere and the environment. As we know that the solar panel will more effective and will give more power when the sun rays and solar panel will be perpendicular to each other means sun light will fall on panel at 90 degree. Generally we see from environment, the fixing of solar panel is done with no knowledge about the solar system or without any mathematical calculation for tilt angle of panel. This happen generally in village area or house purpose used panel in which generally iron man fix the panel at particular angle with south facing. This gives lesser amount of energy in comparison of adjustable tilt angle. This paper presented a method which combined more mathematical techniques to find out an exact and effective tilt angle for PV panel to produce more power. On the basis of mathematical calculation, the results showed that the seasonal optimum angle is 13°-22° for April month, 5°-10° for May month,4°for June month,5°-10° for July month and 11°-22° for August month in the Jaipur area.

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Economic Load Dispatch Using Fuzzy Logic Controlled Genetic Algorithms[ ]


In this paper, a fuzzy model for power system operation is presented. Uncertainties in loads and generations are modeled as fuzzy numbers. The paper presents the application of a fuzzy logic controlled genetic algorithm (FCGA) to economic dispatch. The authors first propose an improved genetic algorithm with two fuzzy controllers based on some heuristics to adaptively adjust the crossover probability and mutation rate during the optimization process. The implementation of the fuzzy crossover and mutation controllers is described. The proposed FCGA can be applied to a wide range of optimization problems. The validity of the proposed algorithm is illustrated on economic dispatch of a six generator system. Its performance is compared with conventional GA and the Newton-Raphson method. The results are very encouraging. Among the results, one obtains a fuzzy cost value for system operation and possibility distributions for branch power flows and power generations. Some risk analysis is possible, as system robustness and exposure indices can be derived and hedging policies can be investigated.

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Detection of The De-Authentication Denial of Service Attack in 802.11 Wireless networks[ ]


Wi-Fi wireless networks are prone to a very large number of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks due to the vulnerabilities at the MAC layer of 802.11 wireless protocol systems. In this paper we are mainly focussing on the De-authentication DoS attack in Wi-Fi wireless networks. The impact of the De-authentication (DoS) attack is very severe as the person who gets affected gets disconnected from the network. This Dos attack can be launched and removed easily using minimum resources. In this paper we propose an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) along with the Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) that detects the de-authentication DoS attack in a Wi-Fi wireless network and also helps the victim station (STA) to recoverse it swiftly from the attack. Our proposed IDS is lightweight and detects the attack with high accuracy & low false positive rate. Our technique can be easily deployed on open as well as encrypted networks.

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Review and Analysis of technologies used for Internet in Rural Area[ ]


In this paper I have illustrated various internet technologies which we are already using in some of the rural areas and the upcoming improved internet technologies, which we will be using in a short period of time. In the time of digital world, internet plays an important role in rural India for the overall development of our country. Most of the part of our country is rural and without the access of internet. Now, the major concern is to bring modern technologies in access to rural people.

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ENERGY CONSERVATION THROUGH LEACH CLUSTER HEAD ALGORITHM IN WSN BASED PRECISION AGRICULTURE[ ]


It is well known that due to wrong prediction of weather and incorrect methods to crops, the farmers have to bear a huge financial loss. And it is also expected that by 2050 the world population will reach 34 percent higher than today. Evolution of wireless sensor network (WSN) technology enabled automatic irrigation in a greenhouse for precision agriculture (PA) application, which will help in feeding the increased population by maximizing food production, minimizing environmental impact and low cost. This paper will present the system architecture, design requirements of WSN for PA in a greenhouse. This paper also proposes a new improved cluster algorithm of LEACH protocol which is intended to balance the energy consumption of the entire network and extend the life-time of the network. This paper also concentrates on avoidance of congestion. Implementation of WSN in PA will optimize the usage of water fertilizer and also maximized the yield of the crops.

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Review Paper on Carbon Nanotubes[ ]


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure, which finds its applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of material science and technology. In this article, we will be focusing on the types – single –walled, multi-walled and double-walled carbon nanotubes, ,its extraordinary properties such as thermal conductivity, mechanical and electrical properties, etc and applications of the carbon nanotubes in detail. Graphene which is the basic structural element of carbon nanotubes is also discussed .

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Design of a compact Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Application[ ]


The increase in demands of high data rate transfer through wireless link, small size antennas used in various purposes. In this paper, a CPW fed novel shaped compact antenna prototyped at FR-4 epoxy substrate with relative dielectric constant 4.4 at the height of 1.6mm is proposed and simulated at the resonant frequency 2.4 GHz that’s used for WLAN applications. Simulated results are obtained by using Ansoft HFSS 11 software. The maximum gain have been achieved by the proposed microstrip patch antenna is 2 dB at 2.4 GHz band.

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WSN CONTROLLED SMART GREEN HOUSE INSECTES MONITORING THROUGH IMAGE PROCESSING USING PYTHON[ ]


This paper describes the monitoring of insect through their behavior and population and also from the analysis of the parts of the plant (leaf, stem, flower, fruits) using image processing toolbox of python. Earlier there is a need of human inspectors who uses adhesive trap and visit fields for inspecting the pest insect and plant condition. This work is time taking, costly and consumes more labor force, and it would be fruitful for the farmer to have affordable system that does the same task automatically. In a result the amount of fertilizer is advised to the farmer from the comparative analysis of the healthy part and infected part of the plant by the agricultural doctor.

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Review Paper on Microwave Absorber Using FSS[ ]


Microwave absorber are used in Military application, EMI reduction, Antenna pattern shaping, Radar cross reduction. Frequency-selective surfaces have been most commonly used in the radio frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum and find use in applica-tions as diverse as the aforementioned microwave oven, antenna radomes and modern metamaterials. One of the most important applica-tions of FSS is hybrid radomes for radar cross section control.[1]

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POWER SYSTEM STABLITY ENHANCEMENT USING UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER UNDER THREE PHASE FAULT[ ]


Stability of power system are annualized by using an unified power flow controller(UPFC). UPFC is used to control the power flow in the transmission system by controlling the voltage magnitude, impedance and phase angle. Mostly unified power flow controller enhances the power system stability under three phase fault. The control strategy is implemented by UPFC FACT devices and it is found that system performance enhanced under three phase fault. Due to three phase fault the problems arises in generator voltage, infinite bus voltage, Generator current, infinite bus current and generator load angle of a power system are investigated in detail and resolved by designing and testing a test system using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

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Review paper on Analysis of the Building Stability Using MEMS in Wireless Sensor Networks[ ]


Analysis of the stability of the building is a needed measurement process for all buildings in the cities. Periodic monitoring of the structure for such damage is therefore a key step in rationally planning of safety and serviceability. However, in order for the installation of a permanently installed sensing system in buildings to be economically viable, the sensor modules must be wireless to reduce installation costs, must operate with a low power consumption to reduce servicing costs of replacing batteries, and use low costs sensors that can be mass produced such as MEMS sensors.

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