RICET 2019- RECENT INNOVATIONS IN CIVIL ENGG & TECHNOLOGY

"RICET 2019 Conference Papers "

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Experimental Investigationon Partial Replacement of Cement by Metakaolin and Silica fume[ ]


A normal concrete is useful for general applications which is generally brittle in nature and feeble in tension. For special purpose, special concrete with modified compositions are used. We decided to go with special concrete in which cement is replaced partially by metakaolin as major replacement and silica fume as minor replacement. Mineral admixtures tend to have greater strength at later age, by using mineral admixture in concrete provides greater sustainability in construction industry. The material used as the replacing component for cement have pozzolanic property. This paper d determines the special characteristics of admixture used in concrete.Metakaolin is an admixture which is used as replacing component in this project. Steel scrap waste from lathe machine is used as fibres to achieve good flexural strength. Steel scrap prevents micro crack in concrete. Cement is replaced partially by 7% of silica fume, it has been obtained from studying the literature. Metakaolin is added to the mix of about 5% incremental order of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and strength and physical properties will be studied. 1.5% of steel scrap is added to the total cement volume.

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SOIL STABILIZATION USING JULIFLORA ASH[ ]


The Project comprises of “Experimental study on Soil Stabilization using Juliflora Ash”. In this project, the soil is stabilized by using Juliflora plants which is available in large quantities in our surroundings. The Juliflora plant causes various nuisance such as it absorbs more water surrounding the plant it leads to reduction in ground water table, it also attract more mosquitoes thus spreads Malaria. Due to environmental impacts, Juliflora is considered as an Invader. We have planned to stabilize the soil by Juliflora in the form of ash which has been added for replacement for various proportion such as 5%, 10%, 15% etc., and to attain the maximum (Optimum) percentage for replacement of soil by increasing the soil shear strength and CBR value. Being increasing the soil strength which is used for many work such as embankment filling, earth filling works in various works in transportation work such as Railway, Highway department and also in construction works etc., . Stabilized soil is more important in construction field. We have planned to achieve the strength with easily available material such as Juliflora ash.

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND BEHAVIOUR OF BANANA FIBER IN CONCRETE[ ]


The paper presents an experimental investigation conducted to study the effects of chemically treated banana fiber in concrete. Sustainable development of the built environment in developing countries is a major challenge in the 21st century. The use of local materials in construction of buildings is one of the potential ways to support sustainable development in both urban and rural areas. Banana fibers, which will be the focus of this study. Banana fibers are widely available worldwide as agricultural waste from Banana cultivation. Banana fibers are environmentally friendly and present important attributes, such as low density, light weight, low cost, high tensile strength, as well as being water and fire resistant. This kind of waste has a greater chance of being utilized for different application in construction and building materials. This focused on the use of banana fiber and its effect on the compressive and split tensile strength.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON POLYETHELE TEREPTHALATE (PET) BOTTLE FIBRE CONCRETE[ ]


This project presents the work on Polyethelene terephthalate (PET) as an additional constructional material. Recently, PET fibre were proposed to be used as either replacement for fine aggregate or coarse aggregate and Recent studies show that they can be accepted as successful building materials. Since Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles has the properties of a fibre, the waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle can be converted into fibre and added in concrete as an additional ingredient. PET fibre in concrete can offer high tensile strength. Concrete is Good in compression, durability, fire resistance but weak in tension. By this process the tensile strength of concrete can be increased along with a solution for the disposal of PET bottles. The percentage of fibres added with concrete is 0.25% and 0.5% to the total volume of concrete. The concrete cubes, cylinders are tested at the age of 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. Finally, the strength performance of PET fibre reinforced concrete is compared with the performance of conventional concrete.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SAND WITH LIMESTONE WASTE IN CONCRETE[ ]


Green concrete are generally composed of recycling materials as hundred or partial percent substitutes for aggregate, cement, and admixture in concrete. Limestone waste is obtained as a by-product during the production of aggregates through the crushing process of rocks in rubble crusher units. Using quarry waste as a substitute of sand in construction materials would resolve the environmental problems caused by the large-scale depletion of the natural sources of river and mining sands. This paper reports the experimental study undertaken to investigate the influence of partial replacement of sand with limestone waste (LSW), as an additive on the concrete properties. The replacement proportion of sand with limestone waste, 10%,20%,30%,40%,50%, and 60% were practiced in the concrete mixes except in the concrete mix. The effects of limestone waste as fine aggregate on several fresh and hardened properties of the concretes were investigated. The investigation included testing of compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and permeability. It was found that limestone waste as fine aggregate enhanced the slump test of the fresh concretes. But the unit weight concretes were not affected. However, the good performance was observed when limestone waste as fine aggregate was used in presence of marble powder.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BRICKS USING LITHOMARGIC CLAY,FLY ASH AND EGG SHELLS AND CEMENT BLOCKS WITH EGG SHELLS.[ ]


GreenIt is a generally known that all the bricks that are manufactured only contain clay or cement, sand and stone as its major constituent, due to this a large amount of fertile clay or sand and stone is being used for the making of bricks. In order to reduce the percentage of clay in the brick we are in search of an alternative that could be used along with clay. In this aim, we have chosen “FLY ASH”, “LITHOMARGIC CLAY” and “EGG SHELL”. The reason for choosing FLY ASH because it’s one of the major pollutant coming from the thermal power plant and other industries which uses coal as a fuel to burn. EGG SHELL is chosenbecause it contains CALCIUM CARBONATE in larger proportion. This chemicalsubstance is able to increase the bond strength. Moreover, we also aim in reducing the cost of the brick. By adding the above ingredients, the cost of the brick could be reduced effectively. In this project, we have chosen the ground moulding technique which easier for manufacturing the brick. Thus in this project we have used the waste byproductalong with clay in order to reduce the percentage of clay and also for reducing the cost effectively without affecting the strength of the brick. Also considering the egg shell powder as a partial replacement material in cement bricks. Also along with it the cement blocks are also made and their strength is calculated concrete are generally composed of recycling materials as hundred or partial percent substitutes for aggregate, cement, and admixture in concrete..

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Experimental Study On Mechanical Properties of Polyester Fibers In Bacillus Pasteurii Based self healing concrete[ ]


Concrete is most commonly used construction material which is strong in compression and weak in tension. The major drawback of concrete is formation of cracks, which affects the serviceability of concrete. Micro cracks developing the material during its manufacture due to inherent volumetric and micro structural changes. Hence it is necessary to impart tensile resistance properties to concrete structural members to use it as a load bearing material. The tensile strength of the concrete can be improved by adding fibres in the concrete. For the improvement of pore structure in concrete the Bacillus Pasteurii bacteria of concentrations 106 cells/ml are used. Incorporation of calcite precipitating bacteria to concrete in certain concentrations so that the bacteria will precipitate calcium carbonate when it comes in contact with water and this precipitate will heal the cracks. To improve tensile strength Polyester fibers are used. Polyester is environmental friendly and non hazardous. In this project an experimental investigation is carried out to study the properties of polyester fiber reinforced bacillus pasteurii bacterial concrete.

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Investigation On Mechanical Properties Of Bacillus Subtilis Bacterial Concrete Reinforced With polypropylene fibers[ ]


Concrete is generally weak in tension and strong in compression. The main aim of researches in concrete technology is to improve the tensile strength of concrete. To overcome this serious defect, fibers are added to the concrete. The strength and durability of the concrete can be improved by a technique involving bacterial induced calcite precipitation. Micro biologically induced calcite precipitation can heal cracks and improve the performance of the concrete. Bacillus Subtilis bacteria of concentration 105 cells/ml are added to improve the performance of concrete and life of the concrete. Incorporation of calcite precipitating bacteria to concrete in certain concentrations so that the bacteria will precipitate calcium carbonate when it comes in contact with water and this precipitate will heal the cracks. To impart tensile strength polypropylene fibers are added to the concrete. It is an environmental friendly and economical material that offers a combination of outstanding physical, mechanical, thermal and other properties. In this paper an experimental investigation is carried out to study the properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced bacillus subtilis bacterial concrete.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ALOE VERA FIBER CONCRETE WITH ADMIXTURE[ ]


The paper presents an experimental investigation conducted to study on the natural of aloe vera fiber in concrete. Theeffectoffiberweightfraction (10–20–30%) and fiber.Fly ash is not highly reactive, the hydration can be reduced. A composite material is made up of two or more constituent materials. The constituent materials differ in their physical andchemical composition. Nowadays researchers and engineers have begun to show their research interest in the field of natural fiber composites. The reason is that natural fibercomposites possess enhanced corrosion resistance, ease of manufacturing, environmental friendly.Aloe vera fibers are environmentally friendly and present important attributes, such as low density, light weight, low cost, high tensile strength, as well as being water and fire resistant. This kind of waste has a greater chance of being utilized for different application in construction and building materials. This focused on the use of aloe vera fiber and its effect on the compressive and split tensile strength.

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Experimental Investigation of Partial Replacement of Cement with Glass Powder and Eggshell Powder Ash in Concrete[ ]


Cement developed manufacturing is solitary carbon-dioxide emitting sources besides deformation in addition to ablaze of fossil fuel. Emission of greenhouse gages, such as emitted CO2 to the ambiance. The employment identified the option of by glass fine particles as the incomplete substitute as 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and intended for its compressive strength up to 7, 14 & 28 existence of era and be compared by conventional concrete. Departure squanders fabric failed to emphasize waste can be old additional efficiently and cause an environmental problem. Glass powder and eggshell powder material is very fine powder material obtained as byproducts of glass during sawing and shaping, and not recycling its causes an environmental problem in the world. The option of using it glass ash powder separately as partial replacement of cement on concrete where studied and evaluated based upon % replacement of cement on concrete where studied and evaluated based upon % of the partial cement replacement with both glass powder.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT AND COARSE AGGREGATE WITH FLY ASH AND COCONUT SHELL[ ]


Properties of concrete with partial replacement of coconut shell as coarse aggregate and fly ash as replacement of cement is studied. In this study M25 grade of concrete was made. Concrete mix of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacement of coconut shell as coarse aggregate and constant replacement of 30% of fly ash were made. Water cement ratio of 0.45 was maintained for all the mix proportions. Properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were studied at 7, 14, 28 days of curing period and results are analyzed and compared with the regular (conventional) mix. Test for grade as per specified procedure of IS codes. The materials are proportioned by their weight. The water cement ratio is obtained by conducting workability tests. The results found were comparable with that of conventional mix. The proportion used in this study is 1:1.49:3.03 and water cement ratio is 0.47.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ECO- FRIENDLY CONCRETE [ ]


Eco- Friendly material in concrete to make the system more and more sustainable. There are many choices of selection of material in any type of constructions. Fly ash is not highly reactive; the heat of hydration can be reduced though fly ash. Industrial waste such as iron waste, fly ash. to reduce the consumption of natural resources and energy and pollution of the environment. So by reuse of the industrial waste material we reduced impact on environment and also reduce disposal problem of industries. The concrete mixture were produced which tested and compared by conducting compressive test and split tensile test for 7 day, 14 day and 28 days.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITHPARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH RICE HUSK ASH[ ]


In India rice milling produces a by product which is known as Husk. This husk is used as fuel in rice mills to produced steam for boiling process .This husk contain near about 75 % organic matter and the remaining 25% of this husk is modified into Ash during the firing process which know n as rice husk ash (RHA). The rice husk ash (RHA) contain near about 85 % to 90 % amorphous silica. By using rice husk ash in concrete , we can improve the properties of concrete . The current study and experimental investigation were taken to study the pro perties of concrete made with Rice husk ash . the replacement is done partially in the proportion of 0% ,20% and its effect on workability of concrete made with rice husk ash were investigated for the 20% rice husk ash replacement ,the hardened properties such as compressive strength observed were good as compare to 0 % RHA . The compressive strength test was conducted at 0 % and 20 % rice husk ash replacement and the highest compressive strength at 20 % RHA replacement as compared to 0% RHA replacement at 14 ,21 and 28 days.

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Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Hypo Sludge and Sugarcane waste in Fly ash Brick.[ ]


Fly ash is one of the major residues generated during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Fly ash brick technology is the process of converting industrial waste materials into quality building material. Fly ash, lime, gypsum and crusher dust are used to manufacture the fly ash brick. In this study hypo sludge and sugarcane press mud is used as a replacement material for fly ash brick. The lime was replaced by the hypo sludge and sugarcane press mud in the various proportions. Four types of fly ash brick were casted. The prepared bricks are cured in water for 15 days and dried in regular temperature for 15 days. The Compression, Water Absorption, and Soundness of the brick are experimented as per IS code. The study was aimed to reduce the hypo sludge and sugarcane waste dumping in the earth to protect the environment from hazardous and also increment of low-cost brick towards the construction industry for the sustainable development

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FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING OFREINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS USING FERROCEMENT BY BASALT REINFORCING MESH[ ]


This paper reveals about work associated with the behaviour of strengthening the pre damaged reinforced concrete beams using ferrocement plates. The experimental study explains the mechanical properties of ferrocement with three different volume fractions of reinforcements. Eight beams of 100mm width, 150mm depth and 1600mm overall lengths were casted and tested for flexure. Out of eight beams two beams were considered as conventional and the remaining six beams were loaded up to 75% of ultimate load Pu and strengthening was done by fastening ferrocement laminates. A Ferrocement plate was provided under the size of 100mm width, 25mm thickness and 1500mm length. For ferrocement laminates, Basalt FRP mesh was provided as reinforcement for three different volume fractions. Bonding between ferrocement and pre damaged beams are done by using epoxy resin adhesive. After strengthening were made to beams, flexural test were conducted for ultimate load carrying capacity. A comparative study was made between the control beams and strengthened beams. From the result it has been seen that the ferrocement laminates of Basalt FRP mesh can be used as a strengthening material for damaged beams.

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Experimental analysis of Ceramic waste in partial replacement of fine aggregate in paver block[ ]


Waste management is becoming major problem for developing countries nowadays. In order to reduce the solid waste, we have planned to take one waste to use in manufacturing of concrete. Broken ceramic pieces is made as powder and used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate i.e.10%, 20%, and 30% for natural sand in paver block. Admixtures are used to reduce the water cement ratio in order to gain more strength in the high performance concrete. The water absorption properties of ceramic dust are very less compared to that of natural sand. Since the solid waste (ceramic dust) is used in the manufacturing paver block the cost is required only for crushing the waste glass therefore the overall cost can also be reduced. Compressive strength of cube at 7, 14, 28 days of duration and flexural strength at 28days were studied and compared with conventional concrete paver block. Physical properties like fineness modulus, specific gravity, moisture, water absorption were studied and compared with conventional concrete mix. Based on the test results, the 20% replacement shows better results compared to conventional concrete paver block.

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Experimental Study On The Effects Of Ggbs,Rha As Supplementary Cementious Material On The Properties Of Concrete With Addition Of Steel Fibers [ ]


Concrete occupies a unique position among the modern construction materials. Concrete is a material used in building construction, consisting of a hard, chemically inert particulate substance, known as aggregate (usually made for different types of sand and gravel), that is bonded by cement and water. This paper presents an experimental investigation carried out to characterize the optimum percentage of Ground granulated blast furnace slag, Rice husk ash with steel fibre. The concrete industry is constantly looking for supplementary cementious material with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal problem. This is done to meet the strength requirements in compression and split tension along. The steel fibers are used to increase the strength of concrete. The use of waste materials like fly ash, microsilica, rice husk ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag which are hazardous to the environment may be used as a partial replacement for cement and in addition by utilizing the industrial wastes in the useful manner the environment pollution is reduced to a greater extent and which leads to sustainable development. Specimens are casted with M30 concrete. The work also focuses on M30 concrete with replacement of cement by GGBS with 20% and 30% and 40% and Rice Husk ash is kept constant with 10% replacement. To save our earth resources and to control the pollution from the manufacturing of cement waste materials like RHA and GGBS production of blended cements results in lower emission and lower energy consumption since less clinker from the energy intensive process is needed to produce

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF GGBS, RHA AS SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTIOUS MATERIAL ON THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH ADDITION OF STEEL FIBERS[ ]


The main objective of this study is to characterize the optimum percentage of fly ash, lime stone powder with hybrid fibers (steel and polypropylene). The above blending is to be tried, to meet the strength requirements in compression, split and flexural along with durability tests. The steel fibers are used to increase the strength of concrete. The addition of fly ash and lime stone powder by replacing the cement content specimens are cast with M30 concrete .To save our earth resources to control the pollution from the manufacturing of cement (1 ton of cement release 1 ton of CO2) we have to utilize the easy available and waste material like fly ash & lime stone powder. The production of blended cements results in lower emission and lower energy consumption since less clinker form the energy intensive process is needed to produce such blended cements. Polypropylene fibers and steel fibers are used to increase the flexural strength. Addition of the supplementary cementitious materials (SCMSs) not only reduces the permeability of concrete, but also increase the strength of the concrete. Addition of steel fibers increase the compressive strength from 6% to 17% tensile strength from 18% to 47% flexural strength from 22% to 63%.

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Enhancing Flexural Properties of Concrete Using Steel and Carbon Fiber Composite Reinforcement [ ]


The main disadvantage of the plain concrete is its brittle character. Fibers are introduced into the concrete to make them ductile and such concrete is called fiber reinforced concrete. In this study, steel fibre and carbon fibre are used. Steel fiber-reinforced concrete is basically a cheaper and easier to use form of rebar reinforced concrete. Rebar reinforced concrete uses steel bars that are laid within the liquid cement, which requires a great deal of preparation work but make for a much stronger concrete. Steel fiber-reinforced concrete uses thin steel wires mixed in with the cement. This imparts the concrete with greater structural strength, reduces cracking and helps protect against extreme cold. Steel fiber is often used in conjunction with rebar or one of the other fiber types.Different types of steel fibres- straight steel fibre, hooked ends steel fibres, round crimped steel fibres, flat corrugated steel fibres.here we are using crimped steel fibre. Carbon fibers are a type of high-performance fiber available for civil engineering application. It is also called graphite fiber or carbon graphite. Carbon fiber consists of very thin strands of element carbon. Carbon fibers have high tensile strength and are very strong foe their size. In fact, carbon fiber might be the strongest material. Each fiber is 5-10 microns in diameter. Carbon fibers have high elastic modulus and fatigue strength than those of glass fibers. Considering service life, studies suggests that carbon fiber reinforced polymers have more potential than glass fibers. They are inert, medically safe and stronger than steel fibers and more chemically stable than glass fibers in an alkaline environment. The main aim of the present experimental investigation is to use different volume fractions of carbon fiber(PAN TYPE) and continuously crimped steel fibers to produce HFRC and thus to evaluate its performance under compression, tension, flexure, shear and impact types of loading.

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Experimental study on the influence of fly ash, lime powder and hybrid fibres on the properties of concrete [ ]


The main objective of this study is to characterize the optimum percentage of fly ash, Lime powder with hybrid fibres (steel and polypropylene). The above blending is to be tried, to meet the strength requirements in compression, split and flexural along with durability tests. The steel fibres are used to increase the strength of concrete. The addition of fly ash and lime powder by replacing the cement content. Specimens are cast with M30 concrete. To save our earth resources to control the pollution from the manufacturing of cement (1 ton of cement releases 1 ton of CO2) we have to utilize the easy available and waste materials like Fly ash & Lime powder. The production of blended cements results in lower emission and lower energy consumption since less clinker from the energy intensive process is needed to produce such blended cements. Polypropylene fibres and steel fibres are used to increase the flexural strength. Addition of the Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) not only reduces the permeability of concrete, but also increases the strength of the concrete. Addition of steel fibres increases the compressive strength from 6% to 17%, tensile strength from 18% to 47%, flexural strength from 22% to 63%.

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Experimental study on self healing concrete by using bacteria(Escherichia coli)[ ]


The extent of deterioration to concrete structures globally is occurring at an alarming rate, which challenges engineers throughout the world on a daily basis. This includes damage to bridges, buildings, parking structures, environmental facilities, as well as other structures. Unfortunately, repair costs can be staggering. The micro-cracks and porosity of concrete structures are very common problems due to the fact that this material has a high permeability which allows water and other aggressive media to enter thus leading to deterioration. Recent investigations in the field of biotechnology show the potential of bio-inspired materials in the development of low toxic solutions. Calcium carbonate is one of the most well known mineral that bacteria deposit by the phenomenon called bio-cementation or microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP). An alkalophilic aerobic soil bacterium Escherichia coli was incorporated into concrete at different cell concentrations with the mixing water.

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Experimental investigation on cement with waste glass powder in pervious concrete[ ]


Pervious concrete (no fine concrete) is a concrete containing little or no fine aggregate, it consists of course aggregate and cement paste. It seems pervious concrete would be a natural choice for use in structural appilications in this age of ‘green buliding’. It consumes less raw material than the normal concrete (no sand), it provides superior insulation values when used in walls, and through the direct drainage of rainwater, it helps recharge groundwater in pavement appilcations. This project discuss about the pervious concrete in which the cement is partially replaced by the waste glass powder. Glass powder is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. Waste glass locally available and it has been collected and made into glass powder. The materials and possible mix proportions, properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, shrinkage, and permeability with initial tests are done.

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HAIR FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE[ ]


Enhance the physical and mechanical properties of concrete are a potential area of research. Fibre reinforced concrete is one among those advancements which offers convenient, practical and economical methods for overcoming micro cracks and similar type of deficiencies. Since the concrete is weak in tension, fibre help to overcome this deficiency. There are several types of fibre which serves this purpose, this paper investigates the suitability of human hair. Human hair is considered as a waste material in most parts of the world and is a common constituent found in municipal waste streams which cause environmental issue. Hair fibre, an alternate non-degradable matter is available in abundance and at a very cheap cost. This paper compares the strength and durability of ordinary concrete with hair fibre reinforced concrete of M20 grade with 0%, 0.5%, 1% 1.5%, 2% addition of hair by weight of cement. The result shows that addition of human hair fibre enhances the binding properties, micro cracks control, imparts ductility and also increases the spalling resistance. The experimental findings in overall studies would encourage further research in this direction for long term performance to extending this cost effective type of fibres for use in structural application.

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Experimental investigation on concrete by replacing cement on rice husk ash[ ]


The field of construction is always touting for more powerful and longer lasting concrete structures ,but which concrete really do last longer and retain its properties effectively? This project looks at which Bacterial concrete could be used to produce self healing capacity to concrete, by using common bacterium like bacillus subtillis, and Rice husk ash (RHA) in cement at different percentages with the behavioural characteristics of addition of Nylon fibre, to attain its properties effectively. The inherent weakness of concrete is its cracks and the major downside of concrete is its low tensile strength due to which micro cracks occurs when the load applied is more than its limit and this paves way for the seepage of water and other salts. To remediate this type of failure due to cracks and fissures, an approach of using bio mineralisation in concrete has evolved known as bacterial concrete. Here, the effective utilisation of agricultural and industrial wastes, to generate high profile concrete also takes place by the partial replacement of cement with Rice husk ash (RHA) and addition of Nylon fibre to the concrete, where Rice husk when burnt into ash possess, pozzolanic activity and Nylon fibres, a thermoplastic material which includes its strength, durability, high pressure –bearing capacity and corrosion resistance. According to the literatures, the effective utilization of RHA has not yet been into account in construction industry due to lack of understanding. Nylon, as a polymer is always known for its utilisation as only a raw material for manufacturing units, but it can be used for wide range applications in construction industry for its water proofing and fast-drying ability. Thus, this paper is an attempt to define bacterial concrete with the characteristics of RHA and the addition of nylon fibre to generate self healing concrete with effective utilisation of agricultural and industrial wastes for their strength and durability.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CONCRETE WITH BRICK POWDER AND FLYASHAS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT[ ]


The purpose of this research is to study the properties of fresh and hardened states of M40 grade concrete using brick powder as partial replacement of cement at 5%,10%,15% and fly ash at 15%,30%and 45%. This project investigates quantitatively the strength of concrete mix at different ages.

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Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Used Foundry Sand in CONCRETE[ ]


Now a day the worldwide consumption of sand as fine aggregate in concrete production is very high. Several developing countries have encountered some strain in the supply of natural sand in order to meet the increasing need of the infrastructural development in recent year, to overcome the stress and demand of river sand, researchers and practitioners in the construction industry have identified some alternative. One of them is foundry sand, it is a high quality silica sand with uniform physical characteristics and by product of ferrous and non-ferrous metal casting industry. It is proved that foundry sand used as fine aggregate will enhance the strength of concrete to a greater extend. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the properties of concrete in which fine aggregate is partially replacing by used foundry sand. The only variable considered in this study is volumetric replacement (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) of sand. Out of these 5 replacement levels best 3 were choose by trial works. The concrete was tested for slump test, compression test, flexural test, split tensile test for 7 & 28 days and acid attack test for 7 days.

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Experimental Study on Concrete Using Rice husk ash and fly ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement[ ]


— Concrete occupies the unique position among the modern construction materials. Concrete occupies a unique position among the modern construction materials. Concrete is a material used in building construction, consisting of a hard, chemically inert particulate substance, known as aggregate (usually made for different types of sand and gravel), that is bonded by cement and water.This paper presents an experimental investigation carried out to characterize the optimum percentage of fly ash, rice husk ash in replacement of cement. The concrete industry is constantly looking for supplementary cementious material with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal problem.This is done to meet the strength requirements in compression, split tension along with durability of concrete. The use waste materials like rice husk ash and fly ash which are hazardous to the environment may be used as a partial replacement for cement and in addition by utilizing the industrial wastes in the useful manner the environment pollution is reduced to a greater extent and which leads to sustainable development. Specimens are casted with M30 concrete. The work also focuses on M30 concrete with replacement of cement by fly ash and rice husk ash to find optimum percentage. To save our earth resources and to control the pollution from the manufacturing of cement waste materials like RHA and fly ash production of blended cements results in lower emission and lower energy consumption since less clinker from the energy intensive process is needed to produce such blended results.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF UTILIZATION OF WASTE PLASTIC BAGS IN PAVEMENT BLOCKS[ ]


plastics are rapidly growing segment of the municipal solid waste .In order to overcome this issue ,we have to use it in effective way. This project is about recycle waste plastics into pavement blocks and study their characteristics. It will be a boon to modern society and environment. The main aim is to use the plastic nature in construction fields with limited additions. It is definitely a cost economical and can be applied in different forms.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIALLY REPLACEMENT OF COPPER SLAG POWDER WITH FINE AGGREGATE AND MUSSEL SHELL POWDER WITH CEMENT ON PAVEMENT BLOCKS[ ]


Now a days building demand is constantly increasing & the capital cost of the construction of the building is escalating, The demand for construction material is also increasing, To overcome these type of problem we want to found the new composition with low cost, our ultimate aim of the project is : To introduce copper slag powder &mussel shell powder as fine aggregate &cement respectively as one of the new material in to the pavement block.Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICBP) has been extensively used in a number of countries for quite sometime as a specialized problem-solving technique for providing pavement in areas where conventional types of construction are less durable due to many operational and environmental constraints. ICBP technology has been introduced in India in construction, a decade ago, for specific requirement viz. footpaths, parking areas etc. but now being adopted extensively in different uses where the conventional construction of pavement using hot bituminous mix or cement concrete technology is not feasible or desirable. The paper dwells upon material, construction and laying of concrete block pavement as a new approach in construction of pavement using Interlocking Concrete Paver Blocks.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIALLY REPLACEMENT OF FLUORESCENT LAMP POWDER WITH FINE AGGREGATE AND RUBBER WITH COARSE AGGREGATE [ ]


At prescent paver block is used in outdoor versatility application and also it is used in street road and other construction places. Paver block has low cost maintenance and easily replace with a newer one at the time of breakage. The quality of concrete used to make paver block may be the major issue, so that the durability of paver block depends measuredly on quality of concrete, thus an attempt is made by partial replacement of fluorescent lamp powder & rubber chips as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate respectively affect the properties of paver blocks. This research study presents the information about the development of the paver blocks by fluorescent lamp powder & rubber chips.

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EXPERIMENTAL IVESTIGATION OF CONVENTIONAL CEMENT CONCRETE REPLACING RIVER SAND BY M- SAND AND ECO- SAND[ ]


Concrete is the most undisputable material being used in infrastructure development throughout the world. In this experimental investigation focuses on the effect of complete replacement of river sand by M- sand and Eco- sand as a fine aggregate with addition of fine aggregate. In this paper ECO SAND and M- SAND has been chemically and physically characterized and used as fully replacement in the ratio of 40%, 50%, 60%by weight of cement and sand in concrete. The superplasticizer is preferred to reduce the water content and it is added 2% by weight of concrete. The experimental work mainly concentrates with compressive strength and flexural strength. M30 grade of concrete was used and the specimen were tested at 28 days. Therefore from the results obtained the optimum mix proportion is finalized.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SELF HEALING FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT USING CRUMB RUBBER[ ]


Use of Crumb Rubber i.e. the rubber obtained from the waste tires of vehicles in the construction of flexible pavement is gaining importance. It is also worth mentioning that, the modifier raw-material has been sourced from disposed crumb rubber. This not only allows us to collect modifier raw material at low cost, but also provides a solution towards ecological menace posed by increased use of rubber. In the present study, an attempt has been made to use Crumb Rubber, blended using wet process Marshal method of Bituminous mix design was carried out for varying percentages of Crumb Rubber to determine the different mix design characteristics. We referred the code book IS1202-1989 to determine the specific gravity. We have used this crumb rubber with bitumen for improved characteristics when compared with straight run bitumen and improve the strength of pavement Modified Bitumen is one of the important construction materials for flexible pavements. A bacteria named BACILLUS SUBTILIS is included for automatic closure of cracks in pavements.

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Microstructure of Cement Mortar[ ]


The surface a sample is revealed by microscope magnification above 25x called microstructure. physical and The surface a sample is revealed by microscope magnification above 25x called microstructure. physical and The surface a sample is revealed by microscope magnification above 25x called microstructure.

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An Experimental investigation on concrete in partial replacement of granite waste to course aggregate[ ]


In developing countries where concrete is widely used, the high and steadily increasing cost of concrete has made construction very expensive. This coupled with deleterious effect of concrete production on the environment has led to studies on various materials which could be used as partial replacement for coarse aggregate. This project is experimented to reduce the cost of concrete. The only way to reduce and tackle these problems is reuse and recycles. In this project work, experiments have been conducted with the collection of materials required and data required for mix design are obtained. The M30 grade concrete is designed as per Indian standard code for conventional concrete. The water cement ratio is maintained for this mix design is 0.45. The granite wastes were properly cut down to the size of coarse aggregate and then they were mixed with the concrete in 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%. Cubes were casted with these concrete mixes and subjected to curing of 7 days, 28 days and their strength is determined. The determined compressive strength was compared with the conventional concrete cube’s strength. Of the above percentage mixes, the perfect percentage mix of granite with coarse aggregate is found and can be brought to use.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON UTILIZATION OF RECYCLED CARPET FIBRE IN CONCRETE[ ]


The primary aim of our project is to investigate the strength behaviour of nylon fibre compared to the conventional concrete by testing the compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of the cube, cylinder and prism respectively. The cubes, cylinders, prisms are casted by adding nylon in different percentages. We allowed IS method for mix proportioning and the mix proportion obtained as per IS: 10262-2009 is 1: 1.66: 1.82: 0.45. The nylon is added in concrete at 0%, 1%, 2%. Totally 63 moulds are casted (cube, cylinder, prism) for 7, 14, 28 days curing in order to find out the optimum percentage nylon in concrete. After 28 days compressive strength was found out from cubes, split tensile strength from cylinders and flexural strength from prism. We get result in increase of strength in 1% adding nylon

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FOAM CONCRETE USING MICRO FINE M-SAND[ ]


Foam concrete is an aired, light weight concrete in which coarse aggregate is replaced with foam. The foam is generated by using a protein based natural surfactant, soap nut. Fine aggregate is replaced by micro fine M-sand (particle size less than 75 microns). Cement aggregate ratio varies from 1:2 to 1:3. Water-cement ratio is fixed as 0.5. Foam is used in the proportions, 50%, 60% of water. The density of concrete will be within the range of 300 to 1850 kg/m3. Hardened concrete test is performed and results were discussed.

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An Experimental Study on Glassfibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete Using Copper slag as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate[ ]


Development of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a desirable achievement in the construction industry in order to overcome problems associated with cast-in-place concrete. since, common river sand is expensive and also large scale depletion of these sources creates environmental problems, a substitute or replacement product for concrete industry is the need of the hour. In such a situation, the Copper Slag can be an economic alternative to the river sand, which is an industrial by-product obtained from the manufacturing of copper. SCC was added with relatively short, discrete, and discontinuous glass fibres to produce Glass Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete (GFRSCC), to avoid cracking on loading due to low tensile strength of concrete. The use of glass fibres in SCC improves the engineering properties such as tensile strength, ductility, post crack resistance and energy absorption capacity. This work aims at the partial replacement of sand by copper slag and the strength variations observed by the incorporation of glass fibres are studied and compared with the strength properties of control mix SCC. Mix proportioning has to be done for M30 SCC and Self Compactability is checked by various flow tests of slump flow test, J-ring test, U-box, V-funnel and L- Box. Sand is replaced with copper slag in proportions of 0%, 20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,with constant proportion of glass fibrei.e.,by0.1% by volume of concrete. All the trial mixes are planned to be tested and then the optimum mix which gives the maximum strength criteria is to be found out

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The Use of Lime Sludge as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete[ ]


The increased demand of drinking water and paper has led huge generation of water treatment plant residue and deinking process i.e. sludge. Large quantities of sludge are produced in India and disposed off by landfilling or dumping in and around sites. In this study water softening sludge (lime sludge) has been utilized in mortar. Two grades of M20 and M25 grades are adopted with three binder combination have been tried. i.e for each grade of concrete 5%,10% and 15% of replacement cement with lime sludge. The effect of various combinations on strength has been discussed here. This paper outlines the percentage replacement of the lime sludge, method of preparation of mortar specimen, testing procedure salient results thereof.

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Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Red Mud[ ]


The Bayer Process for the production of alumina from Bauxite ore is characterized by low energy efficiency and it results in the production of significant amounts of dust like, high alkalinity bauxite residues known as red mud. Disposal of large quantities of red mud; a solid-waste generated at the Aluminum plants all over the world possess an increasing problem of storage, land cost & availability and pollution. Nowadays, the wastes are not having any industrial applications, so it can be innovatively using these wastes as a raw material in the civil engineering field. Availability of raw material required for manufacturing of cement and production of concrete are limited in nature. So as to overcome this problem it is very much essential to utilize the industrial waste materials and by-products generated in manufacturing of cement and in concrete construction. By taking cementitious behaviour of the red mud into account, an experiment was carried out to partially replace the cement by red mud in concrete for different percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) and also its effects on the strength and other properties of the concrete is studied by compressive strength, split tensile strength for M30 grade concrete.

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An experimental Investigation of concrete with partially replacement of Ceramic waste[ ]


In the world construction, one material is used above all is concrete.Concrete is far more produced all over the world than any other man made material. It is incredibly versa- tile, and is used in almost all major construction projects. The amount and type of waste materials increasing because of in- crease in population.Many of the non-decaying materials remain present in environment for hundreds and thousands of years. This waste materials cause disposal crises and thereby contributing to the environmental problems.So the use of waste in concrete has been done for safe and economical disposal of waste materials. The use of waste materials not only saves natural resources and dumping spaces but also environment.Partial replacement of waste materialin concrete is done to achieve the desire properties of concrete such as strength, durability and workability. This paper gives idea about various waste materials used in concrete and their effects on various properties of concrete.

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AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CEMENT CONCRETE WITH PVC POWDER AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT TO CEMENT[ ]


The aim of the present paper is to show the effect of cement modifier behaviors in PVC materials. The PVC and the Portland cement are important materials in the industrial area. It can reach excellent properties if mixing the two materials with each other. The cement worked as filler in PVC, as shown the mechanical tests. The oxygen index was determined, accordingly the result show higher oxygen index value. That means the blend shows higher fire resistance comparing to neat PVC. The cement worked as a structural modifier, it caused modification in the blends structure and properties. The research presented in this paper shows that the cement mixed with PVC shows higher stability, fire resistance and similar mechanical properties as rigid PVC. For this experiment were carried out to measure and study fresh and hardened properties of the M30 grade of concrete with PVC powder.

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An Experimental Study on Quarry Dust as a Fine Aggregate for Making a Concrete[ ]


Concrete is the most widely used composite construction material. Fine aggregate plays a very important role for imparting better properties to concrete in its fresh and hardened state. Generally, river sand was used as fine aggregate for construction. Due to the continuous mining of sand from riverbed led to the depletion of river sand and it became a scarce material. Also, sand mining from river bed caused a lot of environmental issues. As a substitute to river sand, manufactured sand has been used. In this present experimental study a comparative study has been carried out to check the usability of manufactured sand in place of natural sand. This study involves determination of some major properties of concrete like compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural tensile strength and durability in acidic medium made of both the sands. Based on proposed studies, quality of quarry dust is equivalent to natural sand in many respects, such as cleanliness, grading, strength, angularity, specific gravity

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON WATER HYACINTH ASH AS REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN PAVERBLOCK[ ]


At prescent paver block is used in outdoor versatility application and also it is used in street road and other construction places. Paver block has low cost maintenance and easily replace with a newer one at the time of breakage. The quality of concrete used to make paver block may be the major issue, so that the durability of paver block depends measuredly on quality of concrete, thus an attempt is made by partial replacement of fluorescent lamp powder & rubber chips as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate respectively affect the properties of paver blocks. This research study presents the information about the development of the paver blocks by fluorescent lamp powder & rubber chips.

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Experimental Investigation On Harden Concrete By Replacing Cement With Micro Silica & Sand By Copper Slag In Addition With Glass Fibre[ ]


This project work focuses on investigating the characteristics of M30 grade concrete with partial replacement of cement using ultra-fine micro silica and sand by copper slag. Different series of concrete mixtures were prepared for this experimental study. Cement is replaced with ultra-fine micro silica at proportions involving 0%,5%,10% and 15% and sand is replaced with copper slag at constant proportion 20%, 40% and 60%.Glass fibre is added 1%. All specimens were cured for 7,14 & 28 days to investigate the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. It is found that by the partial replacement of cement using ultra fine micro silica and sand by copper slag helped in improving the strength and enhanced mechanical properties of the concrete substantially compared to the normal mix concrete.

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Experimental Study on Sludge from Common Effluent Treatment Plant as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete[ ]


Concrete plays a vital role in the development of infrastructure which leading to utilization of large quantity of waste materials and natural resources .There is an urgent need for the identification of new type of concrete materials for construction. With the increase in the industrial activities, the amount of waste generated will increase manifold. Sludge from waste treatment has been collected form the Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), Tirupur and studied its chemical, physical, Biological properties and Engineering properties as well. The chemical sludge was then mixed as a partial replacement with M-sand at an percentage of 30%, 40% and 50% .The proportions are decided based after the preliminary tests conducted on the sludge. The optimum percentage is used for the final proportion mix with required strength. With the optimum proportion the compressive strength can be achieved as same as the strength of normal concrete at the end of 28 days.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COMPARION OF NORMAL SOLID BLOCK AND PERMA HYPER PLAST SOLID BLOCK[ ]


This paper focus on an experimental investigation carried out by the study of the feasibility of producing solid blocks with low cost and extra strength. Normally, the solid blocks required at least 14 days of curing period. But, by adding the Perma Hyper Plast as an admixture in a usual concrete mix, the curing period were decreased wildly and the compressive strength of that specimen increases amazingly. Thus, the curing period is decreased and the block taken to compressive strength test as per IS 3495 code procedure. The test result obtained in the present investigation indicates the possibility to manufacture good quality solid blocks using Perma Hyper Plast. The percentage combination of fine aggregate cement and compressive strength are compared with conventional solid blocks.

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Detailed Examination of Self-Healing on Cement MORTAR[ ]


Cement plays an important role as a construction binding material throughout the world. Among the different construction materials, cement stands as the most commonly used material on a construction project, from the foundation to finishes since it harmless to the human and are environmental friendly and durable. Cement is a finely ground powder and when mixing with water sets to form a hard mass. But the structure gets crack during its service life. The strength and durability of the structure is greatly influenced due to the formation of cracks and micro cracks are the main reason for structural failure. Therefore sufficient repair and maintenance is vital and unavoidable for mitigating all these problems. Recent research shows that the bacteria from the genus Bacillus can be used as a tool for repairing and maintaining the cracks in the structures. This project aims for experimental investigation to evaluate the influence of bacteria on self-healing of cracks formed in the mortar cubes and also on strength, permeability and durability factors of the specimen. The bacteria Bacillus Megaterium is used for the research and the speciments are casted and kept for curing for 28 days and compressive test was carried out. The result shows that the self healing of cracks by using bacteria by the process of bio mineralization is reliable and applicable to the field since the calcium carbonate precipitation decreases the permeability and increases the compressive strength.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SISAL AND COCONUT FIBRE IN CONCRETE[ ]


Concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world. The main ingredient in the conventional concrete is Portland cement. Generally the concrete is good in compression but weak in tension. In order to increase the tensile strength of concrete the natural fibres are added. SISAL FIBRE AND COCONUT FIBRE are the natural fibres whose potential is not fully utilized. Moreover only limited studies have been carried out in India on the use of coconut fibre for the development of high strength concrete with addition of sisal fibres. The study focuses on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength performance of the blended concrete containing different percentage of fibres in addition with conventional concrete. The percentage of fibres added with concrete is 0.25% and 0.5% to the total volume of concrete. Different tests were carried out in the specimens like compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural . Finally, the strength performance of fibre reinforced concrete is compared with the performance of conventional concrete. From the experimental investigations, it has been observed that, the optimum addition of sisal fibre and coconut fibre to concrete is 0.30% for M25 grade.

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STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE RC BEAM COLUMN JOINT CAST USING GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE[ ]


Efforts are urgently underway all over the world to develop environmentally friendly construction materials, which make minimum utility of fast dwindling natural resources and help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this connection, Geopolymers are showing great potential and several researchers have critically examined the various aspects of their viability as binder system. Geopolymer concretes (GPCs) are new class of building materials that have emerged as an alternative to Ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC) and possess the potential to revolutionize the building construction industry. Geopolymer is obtained by mixing the ingredient such as sodium hydroxide solution, sodium silicate solution, fly ash, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate and cured suitably. A few studies have been reported on the use of such GPCs for structural applications. In reinforced concrete framed structure, the beam-column joints are critical regions and the joints has a very significant role in design and construction. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the behaviour of room temperature cured reinforced Geopolymer concrete. For comparing the strength of GPC and OPCC, specimens of cubes, cylinders, prisms and beam column joints were casted both in GPC and OPCC. The specimens then tested for Compression Strength, Split Tensile strength and Flexural Strength. After testing, the results of GPC casted specimens and OPCC casted specimens were analyzed. In all the tests, GPC casted specimens had more strength and durability compared to OPCC casted specimens

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Literature Survey and Study of Waste Tyre Rubber Aggregate and Their Application [ ]


Disposal of waste tyre rubber has become a major environmental issue in all parts of the world representinga very serious threat to the ecology. One of the possible solutions for the use of scrap tyre rubber is toincorporate it into concrete, to replace some of the natural aggregate. An estimated 1000 million tyresreach the end of their useful lives every year and 5000 millions more are expected to be discarded in aregular basis by the year 2030. Up to now a small part is recycled and millions of tyres are just stockpiled,land?lled or buried. The search for a new and viable alternative is important for protection of natural resources and reduction in manufacturing cost. Steel slag, coconut shell and over burnt brick have already been tested and used as alternative materials for coarse aggregate. The desolate tyre rubber is a assured material in the building industries as part of coarse aggregate replaced due to its light weight, energy absorption, elasticity and heat insulating properties. This has the other advantage of saving in innate aggregate consumed in the creating of concrete and also this concrete will be light in weight.In this survey, the potential application of waste tyre rubber are being arranged and discussed.

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Literature Survey and Study of Water Hyacinth and Their Application on Environment[ ]


Water hyacinth was presented as an elaborate yield in numerous nations over a century prior, because of its alluring appearance and aesthetical incentive in nature. Tragically, the blooms formed into intrusive species because of their versatility for a wide scope of crisp water biological communities and their obstruction with human exercises. In the 21st century, they were considered as an option in contrast to petroleum derivatives, the same number of specialists discovered them equipped for changing over their substance into fuel vitality at less expense and perceived as an eco-accommodating item. As water hyacinth is among the gathering of quickest developing plants, its biomass can possibly turn into a potential sustainable power source and supplant regular petroleum derivatives, maybe amid the following decade. This is a basic mission to conquer the exhaustion of vitality sources and furthermore to satisfy the expanding request of world vitality. Rather than fuel vitality, the dried biomass can likewise be manufactured as briquettes, which is appropriate as co-terminating operator in coal control plant. Subsequently, in future compacted biomass buildups delivered as briquettes may diminish the reliance of coal to give more vitality The other utilization of water hyacinth into a co-manure material, for example, soil correction to the sandy soil, can improve hydro-physical, concoction parameters of soil and will supply the developing yields with a few supplements. Water hyacinth has likewise attracted consideration because of its bioremediation capacity, equipped for expelling poisons from household and modern waste water effluents. Along these lines, the issue of water hyacinth ought to be assessed from vitality, building just as ecological points of view. In this survey, the potential employments of water hyacinth are being arranged and talked about.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PROPERTIES FLY ASH IN CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT [ ]


Aim of study is to test and analysis compressive strength of fly ash-cement concrete in a normal way as use to determine on construction site, which can utilize in road construction in rural areas. There is a vast area of covered by industrial waste such as fly ash, so using this waste in road construction can dispose this waste and also beneficial in minimize pollution in environment due to this waste. Laboratory experiments were performed on fly ash to determine its properties, which may be used in road construction, earth dam construction, soil stabilization etc. Fly ash was collected from Kalishindh thermal power plant, Jhalawar. In present study aims preparing concrete by replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with fly ash in various proportion like- 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% Fly Ash by mass. The study discloses that high volume of Fly Ash in concrete reduces the water demand and improves the workability. Study also reveals that the OPCC and HVFAC exhibit similar hardened properties. Experiments such as compressive strength test, slump test for workability, std. consistency test, specific gravity test etc are done in order to determine properties of fly ash, which can take account in the construction field. A comparison is made between fly ash and cement properties which are used as sub-grade, base in Highway construction. It would have been a very good situation if common industrial wastes like fly ash can be considered as an alternative option to mix in concrete materials for highway construction with economical solution.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BLACK COTTON SOIL BRICKS USING FLY ASH AND CRUSHER WASTE[ ]


An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the feasibility of producing bricks from locally available Black Cotton Soil (also called black soil) with Industrial Waste materials such as fly ash. In order to study various construction activities across the country. Percentage Combination of Black Cotton Soil, Fly Ashengineering properties of bricks, a total of 162 numbers of brick specimens of 210 x 110 x 80 mm size were prepared in two series by combining black soil, fly ash and crusher waste in different proportions. The brick specimens were then air dried, baked in kiln and tested for Compressive Strength, Water Absorption, Efflorescence, Weight and Density as per IS 3495 code procedure. Test results obtained in the present investigation indicate that it is possible to manufacture good quality bricks using locally available black soil by suitably adding either fly ash and crusher waste, bricks can be used in lieu of conventional burnt clay bricks or pressed type water cured cement fly ash bricks presently in use for variousconstruction activities across the country. Percentage Combination of Black Cotton Soil, Fly Ash

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF REPAIR AND REHABILITATION OF STRUCTURE[ ]


The paper presents an experimental study of Repair and Rehabilitation of Heritage Buildings. In current scenario of Building Research, Repair and Rehabilitation plays a vital role as it serves important in building applications. It acts as an inevitable solution in maintaining the Integrity of Structures, in case of Heritage structures. Repair and Rehabilitation of heritage buildings has become a concern of greater importance over the world, notably in the developed countries. The major defects reported are discussed and a suitable and economical solution for a particular defect is identified by a tradeoff between cost, lifetime and adaptability of the solution.

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