Volume 8, Issue 9, September 2017 Edition


Publication for Volume 8, Issue 9, September 2017.

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DexTool- A complete presenter smart phone based toolset for trainers and instructor[ ]


In the modern world, computerized presentations are used as powerful tool in order to present the ideas, to deliver the lectures, to address the audience etc. Many tools are available for this purpose in the past, but these tools require some equipment like key board, mouse, high lighter etc which is cumbersome to carry for the presenter. Thus in this paper need for a consolidated toolset in an application is proposed. Our application DexTool eliminates the equipment requirement, provides smart solution for teacher, trainers, professionals etc. DexTool provides all the facilities without carrying equipment in one app. It also provides unique feature of live polling that is not available in past applications. Furthermore we also propose the need of a viewer side solution that address the problems of remote viewers.

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Histochemical localization of starch, protein, lipid and lignin in the callus, field-grown and in vitro raised plants of Scoparia dulcis L[ ]


ScopariadulcisL.( Scrophulariaceae), commonly known as bitter broom or kallurukki, is much valued in tradition medicine to treat respiratory , gastric and hepatic disturbances, kidney stones, diabetes and inflammations. Histochemical localization of starch, protein, lipid and lignin was done in the calli and regenerated plants of S. dulcisgrown in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IBA, and also in the field-grown plants. Starch grains were abundant in the cortex and pith of field-grown plants and also in the calli, while the in vitro raised plants had lesser starch content. Intense accumulation of proteins was observed in the calli and in vitro raised plants. Both the field-grown and in vitro raised plants showed accumulation of lipids in the cortex and pith, and heavy deposition of lignin in the xylem elements. The calli showed a greater deposition of starch, proteins, lipids and lignin, when compared to both the field-grown as well as in vitro raised plants. The study reveals the potential of utilizing calli in herbal formulations of the species, as this may yield better results including improved nutraceutical value.

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Effect of Poly Ethylene Teraphalate (PET) Fibers on Engineering Properties of Concrete[ ]


This Paper represent the effect of PET fibers usage on mechanical properties like compressive strength, split cylinder tensile strength, flexural capacity along with dry shrinkage and water absorption of concrete. Five different percentages of PET fibers i.e., 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00 were used with respect of cement weight used in concrete mix design. The control concrete specimens are also prepared to compare the results. The PET fiber decreases the compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and water absorption capacity. Whereas, modulus of toughness of) increased with the induction of PET fiber in concrete. The reduction in compressive strength, tensile strength and Modulus of elasticity of PET fiber concrete is due to poor bonding properties of fibers with matrix and increase in toughness is due to bridging action of fibers between cracks which cause delay in complete failure of specimen.

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History and Philosophy of Environmental Science and Education and their interrelationship[ ]


Ask a scholar "what is environmental education?" and you will find various and converging responses. However the context of their responses somehow revolves around one of the most concise definition “the study of man and the rest of nature”. The discipline of Environmental education has been resembled oftentimes with a tree of many branches, representing the diversity and variety of the field. The purpose of this writing is not to discuss the agreement or disagreement of the scholars on the precise definition but to study the relationship between man and environmental development in a historical dynamics. The prime focus of this work is environmental science, environmental education and their interrelationship. The work correlates environmental problems with the development of laws of environmental education and debates about how both fields are interdependent yet separable from one another. The historical role played by environmental issues studied in environmental science in developing nowadays environmental education. It also discusses the need of spreading the awareness among public through environmental education to avoid the environmental issues that pose serious threat to the future environment like air pollution and global warming.

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The relationship of microcredit with the standard of living of people of a developing country: A study on Bangladesh[ ]


The objectives of the study are measuring the real impact of microcredit on standard of living on the people of Bangladesh and finding out the relationship of microcredit with economic indicators like GDP per employed person, health expenditure, food deficit, household consumption and labor force. Though microcredit is playing an important role in the economy of Bangladesh, only a few studies have done on overall impact of microcredit on the living standard of people.

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Competitive Advantage Assessment Through Supply Chain Management (SCM) Processes[ ]


Supply chains are the lifeblood of any organization. They connect suppliers, producers, and final customers in a network that is essential to the creation and delivery of goods and services. Effective supply chain management (SCM) has become a potentially valuable way of securing competitive advantage and improving organizational performance.Since competition is no longer between organizations, but among supply chains.The aim of this research is conceptualizing the relationship between supply chain management (SCM) processes (demand management, order fulfillment, manufacturing flow management, and product development and commercialization) and competitive advantage. Data collection was performed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Research results show that the significant positive relationship between supply chain management processes and competitive advantage, also conclude thatdemand management and order fulfillment are stronger indicators of competitive advantage than manufacturing flow management and product development and commercialization.

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Improving diabetes Management strategies in family medicine practice: Review[ ]


This narrative review was conducted to evaluate the strategies that could have improved the family physician’s roles in management of diabetic patients, we intended to discuss the most efficient strategies in management of diabetes in primary care from different studies of different population from the world. Narrative review was conducted using electronic database such as; PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google scholar, for relevant articles related to our concerned topic which is about the management of diabetes in primary care and methods to improve those strategies.

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A review of lunar surface for Photovoltaic sy-tems and a possible cooling method[ ]


The long envisioned lunar solar power station would require an efficient cooling system that works by exploiting the features of the lunar environment . Firstly, the efficiency of PV cells with respect to temperature has been shown. The basic features of the moon are then discussed by presenting the results of various studies along with suitability of PV cells in particular regions. Various favorable anomalies were observed for placement of PV Cells and possible habitation. Finally, a possible passive cooling system and its fundamental theory is presented .

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Psychological Aspects Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease in Al-Najaf Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center[ ]


Chronic liver disease deteriorates the physical health of the patient and deprives his/her family's comfort and consumption of that society's balance of medicines and other health services and thus constitutes an economic burden on that country, the psychological problems that negatively affect multiple aspects of patients because of anxiety and potential concerns due to the nature of the spread of the disease (if viruses), treatments and periodic examination of lifelong and complications. In addition, Psychological distress one of the leading causes of disability in the adult population especially in chronic diseases, and expected to become the second leading cause of disability in all age groups by 2020. The aim of this study is to highlight on chronic liver patients in AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf province, and the suffering of these patients by psychological aspects that contribute one way or another to aggravate their morbidity and whether there are demographic variables associated with these aspects.

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STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF HANDY LAY-UP GFRP I-BEAMS[ ]


This research work mainly investigates the local production of 12 built up GFRP I-beams using Hand Lay-Up production method (since up-till now there is no pultrusion industry in Egypt). Overall strength characteristics of these beams will determined experimentally and compared to those manufactured by the Pultrusion process. This comparison will help to estimate to how extent the locally manufactured beams (by Hand Lay-Up technique) can be used in full permanent structures (like pultruded beams) or at least used in light and temporary structures. In order to achieve this goal, the experimental study was divided into two stages:

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The Role of Geographic Information Science in Property Rating Administration in Nigeria[ ]


Nigeria government has woken up to the fact that depending solely on revenue from oil is a thing of the past and therefore other means of revenue must be exploited. There are many sources of revenue that are operative in the country but property rating promises to generate more probably because of its vast tax base. Property rating is one source of income government has used to acquire revenue for public works but poor administration has marred it by yielding far below expectation. It becomes imperative for a reform especially in the aspect of assessment to generate more revenue and present a more transparent valuation list. An important step in doing this is to make use of Geographic Information System (GIS) which can utilize spatial features of properties to produce digital maps and attribute data as tool for preparatory work and for the property rate assessment.

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Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Preterm Labor at Al -Najaf City[ ]


Objective: this study aimed to identify the maternal risk factors associated with preterm labor. Methodology: A descriptive case-control study has been carried out in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate / Al- Zahra 'a Teaching Hospital from 20th September 2016 until August, 18th, 2017. A (Purposive Sample) of (100) women preterm as case group and (100) women full term as control group who were selected from Al Zahra Teaching Hospital. Data collected through interview of women questionnaire format was designed and four parts: part I socio-demographic, part II reproductive characteristic, part III factors related to newborn, part IV Past history, part V psychological status contain. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined through pilot study. The descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures were used to analyze the data. Results: The result of the study reveal that the age of mother were ranged between (24-34) year's and the majority of women are from urban residential area and most of women have abortion, previous preterm labor, previous LBW.

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Beliefs and Practices During Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery, Postpartum and Infant Care of Women in the Second District of Ilocos Sur, Philippines[ ]


The study determined the extent of beliefs and practices during pregnancy, labor and delivery, postpartum, and infant care of women who sought prenatal check –up, consultation, confined, and delivered at the Ilocos Sur District Hospital- Narvacan during the months of April, May and June for the Calendar Year 2016. Results of the study revealed that a marked percentage of the respondents are below 25 years old, college undergraduate, great majority are from the barangay, married , have no job, and majority have a monthly family income of 5,000 and below. The majority of the respondents are in their second pregnancy and have 2 living children.

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Eagle’s syndrome: The external surgical approach[ ]


Eagle’s syndrome is a condition where the styloid process is elongated or the stylohyoid ligament is ossified. In ES the result of such deformity is the compression of the V, VII, IX, and X of the carinal nerves. Patient presentation varies and they can present with one or more of the following symptoms otalgia, dysphagia, foreign body sensation, facial pain, headache, tinnitus, odynophagia, increased salivation, or voice changes.

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THERMAL BATTERY CONTROL FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE HEV[ ]


In recent years there has been increasing interests and demands on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) as one of the option for greener technology. One of the major issues on the vehicle technology is the batteries system. In order to overcome the critical issue of concern in batteries, the research study introduces new battery thermal cooling and control (Fan-pad battery, FPB) system invited from building industry. The work is associated with improving battery performance; Longevity or life cycles through appropriate state of charge (SOC) and thermal control. The study presents the application of logic SOC control mechanismwith cross beaming techniques design in controlling the airflow into the battery cells, the paper achieve in maintaining the SOC as well as temperature variation within the operational limits of the battery cell (25oC to 45oC). The simulation studies were carried out to evaluate the cooling performance of the proposed fan -pad system and compared with existing cooling solutions based on Phase Change Material (PCM), air only andPCM plus air. The proposed fan-pad system achieved higher cooling power than the alternative cooling method. It improves cooling by 3oC compared to PCM plus air and 12oC compared to air-cooling.

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Design of an AutomaticCleaning Dry-Wipe and Presentation Board[ ]


This paper presents the design of a prototype automatic cleaning dry-wipe and presentation board. The board cleans itself in either a clockwise or anticlockwise direction with the press of a control button in an electromechanical fashion. It is also designed to serve the purpose of a screen for short-range projector reflections during presentations in schools and office meetings. The design was carried out with the aid of a suitable CAD software (Inventor), and the design analysis and calculations were carried out to confirm its mechanical feasibility. An aesthetic, compact automatic cleaning dry-wipe and presentation board was achieved which proves to be an affordable substitute for the conventional interactive whiteboards (IWBs).

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Study to Enhance Fuel Economy of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle[ ]


The studies for hybrid cars have been concerned due to develop alternative techniques to create an alternative energy to a vehicle for decreasing fuel consumption, and limiting exhaust emission created by internal combustion engines. In this paper, a hybrid electric vehicle is simulated with a completely functional driving model. Gaining optimum velocities is done by comparing and identifying two significant velocities. Actual and desired velocities are performed with three cases: Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), UDDS (Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule) with 5% grades, and Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET). Also, miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPGe) is designed and implemented to obtain less fuel consuming. So, the MPGe of the hybrid vehicle could be compared with the MPGe for a conventional vehicle. Then, the best MPGe in hybrid car is indicated with a higher effectiveness of producing power.

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Characterization of products of Thermochemical Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin using 3%Ru/Aly(SiO4)x Catalyst[ ]


The thermo chemical liquefaction of Kraft Lignin was carried out using 3% Ru/Aly (S104)X catalyst at 350oC in different atmospheric conditions at 2 hours reaction time to produce a mixture gaseous, liquid and charry products which are all capable of use as fuels and chemicals. The product gases were quantified using the well known gas equations and identified qualitatively by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The chars were characterized by elemental analysis. The liquid product obtained after atmospheric and vacuum distillation was separated into various fractions by solvent extraction and column chromatography. These fractions were subsequently characterized by elemental analysis, gas-liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and 13C nuclear magnetic spectroscopy.

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Simulation and Control of a Hydro-pneumatic Suspension system[ ]


This paper involves both analytical modelling, simulation and experimental study of a hydro-pneumatic suspension system. The motivating behind this work was to build a fully controlled and stable suspension system to increase ride comfort and to obtain excellent performance in rough terrains. The active hydro-pneumatic suspension, composed of a proportional directional valve, an accumulator attached to an actuator for the purpose of absorbing shock pulsation in addition to controlled system.

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Evaluation the Performance of Recently Global Geopotential Models GGMs Over Egypt[ ]


In this study compares Erath Geopotential Models “EGMs” which released between 2015, up to 2017, including corporate data from the gravity satellites CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload “CHAMP”, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment “GRACE” and The Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer Mission “GOCE" dedicated satellite gravimetric mission, with terrestrial gravity anomalies data over the whole area of Egypt. The gravity anomalies which are implied by the models compared with point free air gravity anomalies on land while the geoid heights which are implied by the Models compared with discrete geometrical heights from co-located GPS and sprit-leveling.

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Cooperative Model Predictive Control for Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems using Dynamic Matrix Control[ ]


In this paper, we examine a cooperative model predictive control for distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems using Dynamic Matrix control(DMC). The proposed control strategy not only makes all the distributed PV generators converge and operate at the same ratio of the available power, but also regulates the total power output of all the PV generators to ensure the stability of the distributed power generation systems. Simulation results on case study of the 4-machine 14-bus distributed power generation test system are provided to verify the validness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

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Synthesis and Characterization of 4,4-Diamino Biphenyl Stilbene-2,2-Disulphonic Acid Based Reactive Dye[ ]


Reactive dyes were initially introduced commercially for application to cellulosic fibers and this was still their most important use. The growth rate of reactive dyes for cellulosic fibers was expected to continue increasing. The present research was related to synthesize of new 4,4-diamino biphenyl stilbene -2,2-disulphonic acid based reactive dye. The reactive dye was synthesized via condensation and coupling processes. The structural characterization of synthesized 4,4-diamino biphenyl stilbene -2,2-disulphonic acid based reactive dye was done with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The synthesized dye had been applied on cotton fabric by exhaust process. Dyed fabric characteristics also had been studied such as light fastness, rubbing fastness, washing fastness and stability to heat treatment.

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Nephrologists’ Satisfaction about Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Referred from Primary Health Care system[ ]


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk factors have been increased in the Saudi population. Therefore, primary health care physicians play a major role in controlling these risk factors, and prevent further kidney damage. Sometimes, Nephrology consultation is needed to provide them with an ideal medical care as soon as the diagnosis is made. Purpose: The aim of the study is to assess the level of satisfaction among nephrologists towards primary health care referral system. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Participants were nephrologists who work in major hospitals. A designed questionnaire was used for data collection consisted of demographic data of the participant, causes of referral, quality of referral forms, and patients’ care prior referral.

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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as a Rare Pediatric Complication[ ]


Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic state coupled with a unique radioimaging appearance . (PRES) refers to a disorder of reversible brain vasogenicoedema in patients with acute neurological symptoms. Its clinical manifestations include seizures, visual disturbances, headache, confusion, impaired consciousness, ataxia, and other focal neurological signs. It is a complex and multidisciplinary disease with the pathophysiological changes still controversial. Therefore, clinical and neuro-imaging judgment seems so crucial. Here we report a case of a five- year- old boy who was admitted with dengue fever that later progressed to PRES.

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A Comparison of Ordinal Logistic Regres-sion Analysis and Kernel Discriminant Analysis in Case of Classification of Higher Education in Indonesia[ ]


Ordinal logistic regression analysis is a classification method that provides a cumulative opportunity value model of the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. Some connect functions are used to define the cumulative opportunity function of each classification group, where the use of this connect function is based on the data distribution. Discriminant analysis is a multivariate technique focusing on the separation of new objects at defined groups. Kernel discriminant analysis is used in the classification process with non-normal distributed independent variable characteristics. It focuses on the selection of smoothing parameters (bandwidth). The Normal Kernel discriminant analysis, which has the classification efficiency of ≈ 0.9512, was used in this study. In the case of Classification of Higher Education in Indonesia in 2015, the Normal Kernel discriminant analysis resulted in the classification accuracy which was higher than ordinal logistic regression analysis. It was 90.82% for training data and 88.98% for testing data with sensitive classification accuracy for each group. Large data diversity affected the accuracy of performance of a method in a classification process.

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Effects of Telecoms Project Outsourcing on Quality of Service provided by selected Global System for Mobile Communications GSM Operators in Southwestern Nigeria[ ]


This study investigates the effects of outsourcing on the quality of service provided by selected Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Operators in Nigeria. The study was conducted on subscribers of telecommunications companies (Telcos) in Nigeria with focus on users of Airtel (Operator 1), Etisalat (Operator 2), Globacom (Operator 3) and MTN (Operator 4). Both descriptive and inferential research designs were employed for the study, using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. The sample size was collected through random purposive technique and a total of 198 questionnaire were distributed to individual and corporate subscribers in the six southwestern states of Nigeria. In addition, the results on the QoS showed that on a Likert scale of 5 maximum, voice quality, technology usage, service centre adequacy, waiting time and back office support were ranked 3.69, 3.38, 3.14, 2.42, and 2.46, respectively. Also, it was inferred from the OpenSignal software that the quality of service amongst the operators in descending order were Operator 4 >1 >2 >3.

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Simulation and validation of an aerodynamic device for an FSAE vehicle[ ]


Aerodynamics and Computational Fluid Dynamics have made a major impact on the field of automotive design. The external flow of air around a fast moving vehicle will result in forces such as Drag and Lift, which in almost all cases can be used to optimize the performance of the racecar. Devices such as undertray and wings produce an amount of downforce with the tradeoff being the creation of drag.This study focuses on the impact that an undertray has on the performance of a Formula Student vehicle design. The undertray and incorporated diffuser produces a suction force underneath the surface of the car which results in an increase in traction at the wheels. This will result in an increase in speed carried through the corners by the vehicle and hence decrease in lap times in a race. The comparison carried out via CFD, with and without an undertray, shows the difference of airflow around the car with a decrease in coefficient of lift. Validation has been done through track testing which has shown a reduction in lap times owing to the additional downforce created.

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LNG or Coal: A Timely Thought Towards Future Energy Stability of Bangladesh[ ]


Energy scenario of the present world is changing rapidly. It’s shifting from non-renewable energy into renewable energy. Bangladesh is not viable to shift now due to technological constraints. Natural gas is the prime energy source of Bangladesh but huge coal reserves of 3300 million metric tons are unexplored in the northern part of the country. But the gas reserve is running out and some experts forecasted that, the remaining gas of the country will be fully consumed within 2026, if no new source is discovered. So the government has decided to import LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) for mitigating the forthcoming energy crisis. But question remains, regarding running with the imported fuel leaving more than 80% of the coal under the ground surface? We tried to draw a comparative analysis between the permanent implementations of this LNG with the proper use of the unproduced coal reserve.

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Vehicular Traffic Simulation: Real-World Traffic Scenarios from the City of Firenze[ ]


Computer simulation is very important analysis tool in traffic engineering especially with complexity of traffic behavior and difficulties of performing real-world traffic scenarios. Simulation of transportation can provide important opportunities to study too complicated models for analytical or even numerical use. Microscopic Simulators can track individual vehicles movements on a second or even sub-second bases. Setting up real scenarios for the use in these simulators can be time consuming even if the data is available, such efforts needed to collect, convert and adapt all the data needed for simulating these real scenarios. Usually, correctness and adaptation are needed for the available road networks to make them usable for simulation. Giving measurements and roadside structures need to be imported into the simulator architecture to allow calibration and validation of models. Thus, three real-world scenarios of traffic simulation are made of the city of Firenze.

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Going Paperless In the Public Sector: An Exposition on Ghana’s Ports[ ]


The ports of Ghana are highly depended upon by not only business in the country but neighbouring economies which are landlocked on the west coast of Africa and as such a very large business hub. In order for the shipping industry of Ghana not to be crippled, the Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority (GPHA) implemented a system which will curb the issue of extortion and discrepancies at the ports so as to optimize port procedures and reduce time spent by clearing agents and shipping agencies in claiming their goods.

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Dairy Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using (UASB) Reactor[ ]


This study was carried out for examination of a pilot scale UASB reactor, to optimize organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the treatment of dairy wastewater. The total volume of the reactor was 4000 liter with a surface area 1.0 m2 and height of 4.0 m. The reactor was used to treat dairy wastewater with the flow rate 20000 to 25000 liter/day, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 3000 to 3500 mg/L and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) of 1600-1900 mg/L. The treatment plant was equipped under anaerobic condition. This study was carried out in four stages in a 130 days period increasing flow rate from 133 to 1100 L/d with no additional nutrients added to the system. Results show that the maximum inflow rate to the reactor was 10000 l/d with COD removal efficiency about 80% and the organic loading rate between 7.5-7.67 kg⁄(m3.d) and hydraulic retention time of 9.6 hour and upflow velocity equal to 0.42 m/h. The efficiency of this study indicated that the UASB process could be used effectively for the treatment of dairy wastewater.

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Socially Sustainable neighborhoods in Egypt: Assessing Social capital for different neighborhood models in Greater Cairo Region[ ]


Social capital considers social networks that assure the correlation, cooperation and contraction between neighborhoods. Different scholars discussed the role of urban form in enhancing social capital. Changing development patterns from the traditional in old Egyptian cities to modern neighborhood in new Egyptian settlements creates a debate of their impacts on social capital. Based on case study of three types of neighborhoods, this research provides an understanding of the correlation between specific neighborhoods urban configuration and Social capital and social sustainability.

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Analysis of the Development of Bandung as Creative City[ ]


The purpose of this study is to analyse the development of Bandung as creative city. Creative city is a city that is able to create an inspiring city atmosphere and support the improvement of regional economic development. The idea behind the concept is a creative response to the problems or urban crises faced by several cities in the face of economic globalization. It is meant to improve the urban environment and the development of creative activities of urban society. Creative cities based on local potentials as regional excellence and identity need to be encouraged to increase added value and competitiveness, and be able to become the centre of growth for the surrounding area. Based on this background, an understanding of how the concept of city branding is applied in Indonesia's creative city is interesting to look at. In this research, the analysis was focused on Bandung that was designated by UNESCO as a creative city in the field of design. This study used qualitative research method. This method systematically describes the facts or characteristics of a particular population or a particular field factually and accurately. Particularly, in-depth interview and focus group discussion were conducted to obtain detailed information from government, academics, and community groups.Findings of research indicate some challenges in the development of Bandung as creative city. First was to identify the economic potentials of the city. Second was the existence of creative class within community. Third was the existence of supporting environment for the creativity of community to grow. Of these three challenges, the government of the City of Bandung was slow in providing relevant infrastructures.

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Undescended Testicle Surgical Repair procedures, efficiency and outcomes, Review[ ]


We reviewed the literature in undescended Testicle from different clinical aspects. The main goal of this review was to discuss the surgical management of Undescended Testicle which is the conventional orchiopexy in newborns and children in general.We conducted a search several electronic databases including; PubMed, and Embase, to June, 2017.The surgical treatment of a non-palpable testis still stays debatable. Trouble setting in motion the testis and exploring and also problems such as testicular degeneration and necrosis are very important aspects to consider when picking the correct surgical management. Proof revealed that the success price of UDT medical management (orchiopexy) is was really high. If done before 1 year of age than if done after, issues from orchiopexy are not higher.

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The Influence of Green Marketing Mix on Purchase Intention: The Mediation Role of Environmental Knowledge[ ]


Green marketing is a tool used by many companies in various industries toencourage for purchase products. Quite a number of studies discussed the green market and its association with the behavior of consumer over the years;however one can find a few studies on the association in between green marketing mix andpurchase intention in Sudan. The main intention of the current study is to investigating the impact of green marketing mix elements (product, pricing, distribution and promotion) in Sudan on purchase intention, also test environmental knowledge as moderator,the design of this research is descriptive and quantitative in nature. The sample was drawn from the population of MBA students of Sudanese Universities.

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