Volume 7, Issue 9, September 2016 Edition


Publication for Volume 7, Issue 9, September 2016 .

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FACING OPERATIONAL WORK ISSUES WORKING THROUGH E-PLATFORMS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES[ ]


This study was designed to find out the tragedy of employees work performance by facing operational work issues through technology changes. The sample of this study consists of 213 employees from small & medium scale textile industries in Theni District. This is a descriptive and surveying research with an applied goal. The random stratified sampling was used. The main objective of the study is how technology amendments in HRMS helping and troubling employees in textile industries. The knowledge management processing system shows how to mend employees in the calamity of work issues mainly using e-platforms in textile industries. The main purpose of the study is to analyses work related factors in textile industries. To explain how should overcome from the operational work issues in the HRIS and E-platforms. Discriminant analysis was performed to identify sub systems. Wilks Lambda Test analysis was performed to identify sub systems of e-platforms. The findings of the study indicate that new tools and new platforms are implementing in all areas of sub systems but workers are unable to tackle the new tools and techniques. Mainly HRMS may affect low level employees while handling systems. Therefore all transitional elements organization culture, organization structure, technology should always be considered together. To validate their struggles in scheming suitable learning and improve so that the job can be organized which can attain to improving employee performance. We attained utmost benefits while using HRIS, MIS, ERP effectively and well-organized manner. The remaining five elements are optimistic impression. Training given to employees how to use but should fail to stretch how to rectify it. The research concludes that, the organization must develop the weak areas of E-platforms.

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Etymology of Some Plant Names in Persian Language Based on FerdowsiShahnameh[ ]


FerdowsiShahnameh has always been hailed as a pure treasure and irreproducible masterpiece in Persian language and literature. The invaluable treasure by Ferdowsi bears a rich, ancient legacy of Persian language and has ever been embraced by the literati of the world. This study, in a rare attempt, sets out with etymological and morphological analysis of some Persian plant names based on Shahnameh. It aims to communicate root meanings of the mentioned words in various Persian dialects and accents. Identifying the usage and origins of the words reflect the vast rich of native Persian lexicon in Shahnameh. The study follows the international transliteration and transcription system that applies to all languages. The plants names to be analyzed are ebony, millet, purple, grape, almond, quince, willow, barley, zarir, and colocynth. The etymological study inferred that the plant names mentioned in Shahnameh imply their significant uses in then popular culture and life.

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Geostatistical Evaluation of Oil Shales existence and their Potential Economic importance through Wadi Ad Dharwa Area-Jordan[ ]


In this study, geostatistical methods were carried out to estimate the oil contents in Wadi Ad Dharwa oil shale as pre-feasibility stage and economic potential. The oil shale contents have been evaluated based on samples taken from 37 boreholes and wells. A total of 937 chosen samples were used to check for the type of distribution of the oil content. The mining industry parameter given a value of  = 3.23% as empirical estimation that have been depleted from Jordan oil shales, most probably due to their nearness to the surface. Wadi Ad Dharwa taken as an example for Grade-tonnage relationships were then studied at different cut off grades. It has been found, for example, that above a cutoff grade 7% the average grade would be 8.8% and that 22.96 % of the total studied deposit would be having this concentration. The economic potential of the studied oil shales was then discussed in terms of the following factors: geologic aspects, energy rating, mining aspects, break-even price of the oil and price of conventional oil, Energy Returned on Energy Invested (EROEI), Climate, Infrastructure, and the environment of the surrounding areas of the deposit. Based on the pre mentioned aspects.

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EFFECT OF POTASSIUM ON YIELD OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) CV CHARISMA UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION[ ]


The present investigation entitled Effect of potassium on yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum l.) cv charisma under protected cultivation .The experiment was carried out in at the desert region in karbala during winter 2014 with following treatments of which was T 1 ( 0 ) T2 ( 10 ) T3 (15 ) T4 ( 20 ) kg potassium sulfate per poly house ( 504 m2 ) .the cultivar of pepper was CHARISMA . the highest number of fruit (22.10),fruit weight (184.10 g ), yield per plant ( 4.07 kg) and total yield per poly house ( 3.25 tones) was obtained in T4.

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Improvement of Learning Process inE-Learning Environment Using Learning Styles Recognition Approach[ ]


Providing adaptive tutoring system which can adapt its layout and material based on the preferred learners’ learning style is an effective way to improve the outcome of the learning process and help students to improve their performance. In this research, the web-based tutoring system offered by author collect the learner click behavior during the education and uses a machine learning algorithm in order to classify each individual learner based on their learning style. Research presented learners who participate in web-based tutoring system uses different methods in order to learn. This research applies machine learning algorithm on e-learning environment and is conducted among 50 students of Multimedia University in Malaysia who take part in web-based curriculum.

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Bacteriological and serological study of typhoid fever caused bysalmonella isolation from patient in Samawah city[ ]


Salmonellae are food borne pathogens, acquired by the oral ingestion of contaminated food or water, causing disease in both healthy and immune compromised individuals. This study was done on 180 patient at many age group range from one to fifty five years old and for both sexes were collected from patient suffering from typhoid fever who attend the different hospitals in samawah city.this study aimed to isolate and identify Salmonella typhifrom blood and stool samples,and to detect IgM antibodyto S. typhispecific antigen by Immunochromatographic (ICT) method, and which highly sensitive in blood samples of the present study and was compared to blood culture and serology.and aimed to determine the effect of age, gender, residence and months of years on the frequency distribution of typhoid fever during the study period(march 2015-februray 2016).The collected samples were tested by culture, ICT and then results were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

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Sentiment Analysis in a Resource Scarce Language:Hindi[ ]


A common human behavior is to take other’s opinion before taking any decision. With the tremendous availability of documents which express opinions on different issues, the challenge arises to analyze it and produce useful knowledge from it. Many works in the area of Sentiment Analysis is available for English language. From last few years, opinion-rich resources are booming in other languages and hence there is a need to perform Sentiment Analysis in those languages. In this paper, a Sentiment Analysis in Hindi Language (SAHL) is proposed for reviews in movie domain. It performs 1) preprocessing like stopword removal and stemming on the input data, 2) subjectivity analysis on the preprocessed data, to remove objective sentences that are not contributing to opinion of the input data, 3) document level opinion mining for classification of the documents as positive and negative using two different methods: Machine learning technique and Lexicon based classification technique. We have used Naive Bayes Classifier, Support Vector Machine and Maximum Entropy techniques for Machine learning. In Lexicon based classification, adjectives are considered as opinion words and according to the polarity of the adjectives, the documents are classified, 4) negation handling with window size consideration for improving the accuracy of classification.

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Computer Assisted Cataract Identification system from Noisy Images[ ]


Identification of cataract from a noisy eye image is still a challenging problem for researchers. To address, this issue we proposed recognition of cataract from a noisy image by applying the non linear robust edge detector to obtain the edge image from a noisy cataract image without using image regularization. Then edge connected components are extracted, for each edge connected component recognition properties are obtained for the test image and compared these properties with the training dataset for recognition process. The recognition rate for the cataract images is obtained from the set of images to measure the performance of a proposed recognition process. The applicability of the proposed method is tested on normal eye images and dataset from MESSIDOR database. It is observed that recognition rate for the proposed method is highly acceptable.

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The Impact of Sustainability Values on Neighborhood Public Space intelligibility[ ]


Residential parts construct a significant portion in cities. Usually, neighborhood works as a central component of any cities. This study concentrates on using the concept of sustainability values as a method to comprehend the intelligibility of the Neighborhood public space. In another way, it is an attempt to find out if the sustainability values have any impact on the space intelligibility. Typically, Neighborhoods composed of two primary activities, residential, and non-residential. All activities related somehow with different criteria. In a pre-Sustainability era, those principles played a crucial role in modeling the neighborhood layout. Sometimes, activities allocation had a negative effect on the final product. Classic attitudes produced a rupture between the neighborhood center and the peripheral parts. That high centrality typically led to a kind of discontinuity between the various parts of the neighborhood from one side and creating some separated illegible spaces from the other side. By introducing sustainability values, many functional criteria modified to be as much as compatible with it. The study adopted some criteria from U.S Green Building Council (USGBC) mechanisms to understand and clarify the changes of the neighborhood form. Criteria like Walkable Street, Compact, Mixed-Use Neighborhood, and Mixed-income diverse community used to study the differentiation and flexibility of the sustainability factors, with its direct effects on creating a sustainable neighborhood. The research believes that the sustainable neighborhood has to be spatially intelligible and has a relative coherence between its components. The research adopts the comparison analysis method between the different Sustainable factors and intelligibility factors as it defined in space syntax methodology to understand the relationship between the Sustainable factors and its role in the intelligibility of the urban public space. All of the data from USGBC analyzed and then those data used in a comparative method to get the conclusion.

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MODELLING AND PREDICTION OF GULLY INITIATION IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN USING THE GULTEM DYNAMIC MODEL[ ]


For a very long period of time there was environmental equilibrium between rainfall and soil erosion in the University of Benin until man's intervention caused a disruption in the equilibrium by the improper termination of the external drainage structures in the University of Benin, Benin City Nigeria. This led to the initiation of gully erosion which has caused the University a lot of environmental damages and if left unchecked, the effect will escalate and become very devastating and disastrous. The study was to evaluate and analyze the gully erosion problem that is developing in the western end of the University of Benin with a view to providing useful information for future planning, land conservation and control.

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Design and development of embedded based control system for optimal plant growth using water management system[ ]


Agriculture is the backbone of any Country’s economy and there is a strong correlation between agricultural growth and economic prosperity. We need a new and effective technology which can improve continuously the productivity, profitability, sustainability of our major farming systems. The main objective of the present paper is to develop a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for a water management system which is composed of a number of sensor nodes with mesh networking capability that can be deployed for continuous monitoring purpose. The parameters involved in the water management system such as soil moisture, temperature and humidity is measured in the real time by the sensors that send the data to the main controller board. A traditional approach to measure these factors in an agricultural environment meant individuals manually taking measurements and checking them at various times. This paper investigates an automatic irrigation system that switches a motor upon sensing the parameters using Wireless Zigbee Networks and status can be monitored controlled through Bluetooth based android application. The advantage of using this method is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation. The developed platform is cost-effective and allows easy customization.

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A Comparative Study of Clustering Algorithm For Lung Cancer Data[ ]


Literature survey is most important for understanding and gaining much more knowledge about specific area of a subject. In this survey on become an important topic in effective analysis of modify expression data due to its wide application in the biomedical industry. Gene clustering is the process of grouping related genes in the same cluster is at the foundation of different genomic studies that aim at analyzing the function of genes.K-means is a popular clustering algorithm that requires a huge initial set to start the clustering. K-means is an unsupervised clustering method which does not guarantee convergence. Numerous improvements to K-means have been done to make its performance better. Expectation Maximization is a statistical technique for maximum likelihood estimation using mixture models. It searches for a local maxima and generally converges very well. The proposed algorithm combines these three algorithms to generate optimum clusters which do not require a huge value of K and each cluster attains a more natural shape and guarantee convergence. Survival prediction is often accomplished by the TNM system that involves only three factors: tumor extent, lymph node involvement, and metastasis. Based on availability of large cancer datasets, it is possible to establish powerful prediction systems by using machine learning procedures and statistical methods. first briefly introduce the concepts of Clustering Techniques and discuss the basic elements of clustering on lung cancer data. The three benz mark algorithm of the most representative off-line clustering techniques,Expectation Maximization, fuzzy K-means clustering using Expectation Maximization, Fuzzy C- means clustering. The techniques are implemented and tested against a Lung Cancer Dataset. The performance of the three techniques are presented and compared.

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Eco-dyeing of Nylon Fabric Using Natural Dyes Extracted from Onion Outer Shells: Assessment of the Effect of Different Mordant on Color and Fastness Properties[ ]


Onion (allium cepa) extract has been used in textile and leather industry as a colorant. Natural colors have attracted the attention of the entire world because of their non-hazardous nature. In the present study, nylon fabric was dyed with onion (allium cepa) natural dye using various mordants such as alum, copper sulphate and potassium dichromate by HTHP dyeing methods. The dyeing behavior of dyes was assessed by colorimetric evaluations of fabrics were carried out by spectrophotometer. Good wash-fastness, rubbing-fastness, light-fastness, water-fastness and perspiration-fastnesswere obtained.

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Communication Requirements and Analysis of UMTS Based Smart GridsDistribution Networks[ ]


A smart grid (SG), an enhancement of the 20th century power grid also called smart electrical/power grid, intelligent grid. The SG originate a two-way flow of electricity and information to create distributed energy delivery and automated network.While the traditional power grids are commonly used to carry power from a few central generators to a great number of consumer.Hence, the next step for conventional power grid toward Smart Grid is to provide efficient management along with great reliability via smart services, in which the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is predestined.A well-known technology that have the ability to fulfill the requirements of smart grid's applications, among which 3G Umts technology is seen as a great candidate.

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UF-Framework: A User Favourable Framework for Cloud Service Ranking[ ]


Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer the internet based application development and their services. There are many cloud service providers; they share their resources and services over the internet. These services are available to the cloud users on a subscription basis. Due to the vast availability of cloud service providers and their services, it is important to rank the services. Therefore the ranked list of services help the user to choose the most appropriate service that satisfying the user’s requirement. To choose appropriately between different Cloud services, users need to have a way to identify and measure key performance criteria that are important to their applications. Many methods including traditional methods and multi-criteria decision making methods are there to evaluate the cloud services and ranking them. But currently there is no such framework that can allow the cloud users to evaluate the cloud services and rank them based on their ability to meet the QoS requirements of the user. The proposed framework and mechanism that measure the quality and prioritize Cloud services. Such a framework can make a significant impact and healthy competition among Cloud providers to satisfy their Service Level Agreement (SLA) and improve their QoS. In this method the ranking of services are done by using AHP (Analytical Hierarchical Process) method. The applicability of the ranking framework is shown by using a case study: SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) provisioning framework.

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Remote Sensing Application for Structural Analysis of Alwar district, Rajasthan[ ]


The application of remote sensing technology, over more than three decades, has shown a great promise for large-scale geological mapping. This work presents an investigation for enhancing lineaments with possible relevance to faults in Alwar district of Rajasthan using a landsat TM data. The rocks of the study area belong to Delhi super group. The photographic and geotechnical elements and convergence of evidence technique were used for extraction of the micro lineaments. These micro lineaments were studied and used to describe cardinal stress trajectories. Visual interpretation technique has been carried out for micro lineaments pattern in the area using Landsat TM FCC of band 2 3 4 on scale of 1: 250000 corresponding to path-row: 147-041 to generate the micro lineament pattern of the area in conjunction with SOI toposheets no 54A and 54B. The present study was carried out to develop time and cost effective approach for mapping the arid lands using remotely sensed data. Micro lineament analysis was attempted to interpret the stress distribution system for proper understanding of the structural evolution of the study area.

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Practices of informal resource recovery from a solid waste stream; case study: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia[ ]


The status of amount, type and value chain process of materials recovered from a waste stream of Addis Ababa city was assessed by a cross-sectional study. Sampling of actors was done followed by appropriate counting of informal waste pickers called Koralews, dealers and landfill reclaimers. The hot working time of actors at the market centre were identified. Then, counting of Koralews(solid waste scavengers) and dealers was conducted for seven consecutive days. Landfill reclaimers were counted for three consecutive days. Accordingly 4864 Koralews, 1663 Shop dealers and 955 landfill reclaimers were found. About 958 respondents (i.e. 370 Koralews, 306 Shop dealers and 282 Landfill reclaimers) were taken as a sample for this study. Most of the Koralews, dealers and landfill reclaimers stay more than five years on the job and work on waste materials collection over 6 hours/day for consecutive 7 working days. Glass, plastic, textiles, paper and metals were the most demanded recyclable by Koralewsand landfill reclaimers are collecting.

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Microcontroller Based Voltage Controller in a Three-Phase Electrical Distribution Line[ ]


A state-of-the-art-technology was used to design the microcontroller based voltage balancer for three phase electrical line. The fluctuation of line voltage has been questioned in recent times due to the use of heavy powered machine with three phases. This paper is focused on deriving a control scheme to drive a three phase motor that could be used in industry or households. The very simple circuitry has been employed in this design. To do this, extensive MATLAB analysis software was conducted in order to optimize the control system and finally the results are practically verified.

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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON FIRE SAFETY AMONGST OFFICE WORKERS AT GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN THAMANKADUWA DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT[ ]


Knowledge, attitude and practices on fire safety at the working place play a major role in accident prevention. This study aims to find the current level of above amongst government officers in the Thamankaduwa Divisional Secretariat area (DS). A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out from September 2013 to January 2014, where 462 government workers were selected and data gathered by an interviewer administered questionnaire and check list. Result analysis via SPSS showed that, 427 (92.4%) have poor knowledge on fire safety, without statistical correlation to age, education level or rank/grade of officer. 435 (94.2%) officers agreed that their office should have a fire safety plan. 300 (64.9%) officers worked in an office without a fire safety plan. 357 (77.3%) officers worked in an office without a fire exit. Therefore it is an immediate necessity to develop a fire prevention plan and establish a fire safety drill for government offices in Thamankaduwa DS in the Polonnaruwa district.

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Investigation and Communication between Simulators for Molecular Dynamics with Reconfigurable Hardware[ ]


Molecular dynamics simulation presents a several of important information about molecular system. However, to execute this simulations is necessary a support with high performance of computational resources for computing calculus math with real numbers. Reconfigurable devices are widely used how accelerators of dedicated hardware for the handling of the more intensive kernel computational in the simulations. The main contribution os this paper is a proposed of communication method between a host machine and a reconfigurable hardware platform based in FPGAs suggesting a software architecture used to accelerate applications of Molecular dynamics simulation, which more intensive kernel computational is investigated.

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Case Study Of Synagogue Church Of All Nations (SCOAN) Sudden Momentary Vertical Collapsed 6 Storey Guest House Building: Accompanied By Turbulent High Rising Windy Storm Erupting From Its Foundation With Flying Rubble Causing The Death Of 116 People[ ]


THIS PAPER INTENDED TO SHOW, WHY THE VERDICT OF THE JUDICIAL INVESTIGATION PANEL SET UP BY LAGOS STATE; SEEMS INCONCLUSIVE AND ITS RECOMMENDATIONS MISLEADING. THIS IS, BECAUSE, IT FAILED TO RECOMMEND THAT FURTHER INVESTIGATION, SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT BY RELEVANT EXPERTS ACCORDINGLY RESPECTIVELY; IN ORDER TO UNRAVEL THE MYSTERIES, SURROUNDING TWO CRUCIAL EVIDENCES; THAT EMERGED DURING THE 10 MONTHS PERIOD, USED TO CARRY OUT ITS ASSIGNMENT. THE EVIDENCE DERIVED FROM THE TWO INSTALLED CCTV CAMERAS FOOTAGES, ONE WAS INSTALLED FACING UP, AND FOCUSING THE TOP HIGHEST PART OF THE BUILDING, WHILE THE SECOND WAS INSTALLED, FACING AND FOCUSING THE BOTTOM LOWER PART OF THE BUILDING. THE CCTV CAMERA FOCUSING THE TOP CAPTURED AND SHOW THE MILITARY AIRCRAFT WHICH FLEW OVER THE COLLAPSED BUILDING AT IRREGULAR INTERVALS FOUR TIMES BETWEEN THE HOURS OF 11.30 AM AND 11.54 AM: A PERIOD THAT COINCIDED WITH THE REPORTED PERIOD, OF THE REPORTED MISSING MILITARY AIRCRAFT, THAT TOOK OFF FROM YOLA ON THE FATEFUL DATE OF FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 12, 2014. WHILE THE CCTV CAMERA, INSTALLED FACING AND FOCUSING, THE BOTTOM OF THE BUILDING; CAPTURED THE TURBULENT WINDY STORM, THAT ERUPTED AT THE FOUNDATION LEVEL AND ITS GROUND FLOOR; REDUCING EVERYTHING IN ITS PATH TO RUBBLE; WITH THE BUILDING COLLAPSING VERTICALLY ON ITS BASE, JUST LIKE A PACK OF CARDS; MOMENTARILY, FLOOR BY FLOOR, IN A TWINKLE OF EYES. HENCE, THE NATURE, MANNER AND WAY; THAT THE BUILDING COLLAPSED, WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EVIDENCE OF THE WEAPON AND EXPLOSIVE EXPERT, CONCERNING THE UTILIZATION OF INFRASOUND/INFRASONIC WEAPON FIRED RADIATION AT BETWEEN 0>20 HZ, WITHIN THE ACOUSTIC SPECTRUM, AND WITHIN AN APPROPRIATE RANGE OF AN ALTITUDE OF 100M - 1,000M; THAT WILL HAVE DEVASTATING DISASTROUS DESTRUCTIVE EFFECT, ON MASSIVE CONCRETE STRUCTURE, WITHOUT BEING AUDIBLE AND VISIBLE, WHILE IT IS ONLY ITS EFFECT THAT WILL BE PHYSICAL AND VISIBLE: WHICH MADE THE WEAPON AND EXPLOSIVE EXPERT, CONCLUDED THAT INFRASONIC WEAPON, WAS USED TO ATTACK THE BUILDING AT RESONANCE, THAT RESULTED TO THE COLLAPSED OF THE SCOAN BUILDING.

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Optimization of UMTS network distribution using genetic algorithm[ ]


Since the radio network planning is a complicated task, methods are needed to optimize the radio network planning. Such that finding the optimal locations and configurations of the base stations in UMTS networks so as to maximize coverage and capacity and minimize the installation costs. In this paper random weighted multi-objective genetic algorithm is applied to various parameters of the radio network to maximize the coverage of the network and minimize the installation cost of the network and also to guarantee a good quality of signals received by the mobile users at different locations.

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Comparison of Hotelling, MVE and WD for Detecting Outlier in Robust Multivariate Control Chart[ ]


is the most valuable tool in statistical process control and it is used to monitor the changes in a process. It presents a graphical display of process stability or instability over time.

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ROLE OF IT SERVICES AND IT INFRASTRUCTURE IN GOVERNANCE: A CASE OF PUBLIC SECTOR IN PAKISTAN[ ]


After establishment of new Islamic republic state of Pakistan, there have been developmental processes in different public & public sectors. Since the creation of Pakistan, numerous problems have been the big hindrances for diffusing the latest technology in every domain of life due to the insufficient resources, inappropriate policies & plans and poor governance. For upholding the good governance in Pakistan, IT infrastructure & IT services play vital role in all public and private sectors. Launching the latest IT infrastructure & IT services is indispensable to boost up the productivity, efficiency, functionality and practicability of all institutions of Pakistan at public and private level. In the epoch-making era of technologies, good governance of the institutions of Pakistan can’t be sustained without implementation of infrastructure & IT services, based on advanced technologies.

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Design and Implementation of a Virtually Interactive Home Automation System Based on an Arduino Single Board Microcontroller[ ]


This paper presents concept of setting up a virtual environment between human and its home automation system (H.A.S). A H.A.S is capable of controlling basic home appliances such as: fan, light etc. that is operated at 230V A.C, these appliances can be controlled by giving simple voice command. Beyond controlling these appliances, H.A.S is capable to give a voice automated feedback to the user, hence virtual environment has been setup when human interact with H.A.S. This virtual environment gives a feel to the human, who is interacting with the H.A.S as if talking with another human. Therefore the interaction between human and H.A.S give rise to new concept design that is known as the Virtually Interactive Home Automation System (V.I.H.A.S). The design and its implementation of this concept emphasize using two fundamental points that make V.I.H.A.S unique. First, using open-source electronic platform such as Arduino board, second using modular approach. These two key points are further explained in this paper.

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Analysis of Crosstalk on Non Uniform Transmission Lines by Means of the FDTD Algorithm in a Random Multisource Context[ ]


In high speed communication systems, crosstalk between closely spaced signal lines limits interconnect performance and becomes an important aspect of circuit design .This paper deals with a computational approach, based upon centred points finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique, to evaluate crosstalk between non uniform transmission lines interconnection. The approach is based on the subdivision of the non uniform line to a large number of thin lines having different widths. Thus, the non uniform lines can be analysed as a coupled multiconductor transmission line. Moreover, the paper presents a statistical analysis of near end and far ends crosstalk voltages, the non uniform transmission line circuit has been excited under random circumstances depending on the timing and the probability density function PDF normal (or Gaussian) distribution and uniform distribution. The results are obtained has been yielded great deal of useful knowledge.

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Removal of RB5 Dye Using a Mexican Natural Zeolite: Characterization and Evaluation[ ]


In this work Mexican Natural Zeolite (MNZ) from Tehuacán, Puebla, México was used. This material is an attractive mineral due to their physicochemical properties and its contents of semiconductor materials such as Fe, Ti and Zn, which can be employed in degradation processes. The raw mineral was subjected to a milling process and calcination at different temperatures (200 °C to 700 °C), in order to observe effect of this variable in the composition, morphology, structural and textural properties of mineral. Atomic Absorption (AA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), EDS, Adsorption – Desorption of N2, Micro Raman Spectroscopy and Diffuse Reflectance techniques were employed to determine its physicochemical properties. Then, zeolite material was used as a porous powder catalyst for Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye degradation. Catalytic evaluation of MNZ was carried out in a batch reactor using an UV-LED lamp (0.3 W and 405 nm). For all measurements, 2 g/L of H2O2 as oxidizing agent was added with initial RB5 dye concentration of 100 ppm at pH 3.5. Tests were conducted at 25 °C and at calcination temperature of 700 °C. The whole experiments were done at atmospheric pressure (0.78 bar) and at zeolite concentrations of 0.072, 0.100, 0.170, 0.510 and 1.000 g/L. Dye removal treatment was performed with and without ultraviolet irradiation. Reactions monitoring were carried out using UV-vis spectroscopy at wavelength of 597 nm, corresponding to chromophore of dye molecule. Also, were used Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Inorganic Carbon (IC) analysis, obtaining a decolouration between 80 % and 85 % and the maximum removal of RB5 dye of 50 % was achieved.

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