Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2015 Edition

Publication for Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2015.

IJSER Research Group https://www.ijser.org/forum/index.php Register for IJSER Research Forum      IJSER Xplore IJSER Xplore Research Paper Database
Pages   [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [U]
 

Fast Seamless Handoff for Mobile Cloud Computing using Service-Oriented Architecture[ ]


Mobile devices are gaining in popularity and becoming the major platform for users to obtain cloud computing services at anytime and anywhere. Because of this demand, the cloud computing environment has been adapted into mobile technology by the addition of new prototypes and paradigms. From the perspective of mobile computing, the handoff process affects the Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning, reliability, and limits the mobile device’s life. Thus, it is significant to handle the handoff process efficiently and intelligently when accessing the cloud computing environment using a mobile device. This paper introduces the novel service-oriented architecture to support a new handoff process. The service oriented architecture consists of five layers: application layer, IP multimedia Subsystem (IMS) layer, communication layer, Media layer, and connectivity layer.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A SECURE FRAMEWORK FOR HADOOP COMMUNICATION[ ]


This paper proposes a framework, namely, HSMF(Hadoop Secure Messaging Framework). Now a day, it requires efficiency in processing billion bytes of data (binary) particularly through business processes. It also has become expensive to ensure reliability in each and every application that processes large amount of datasets (complex or structured). Hadoop[3] platform was designed to address these issues. It was designed mainly for enterprise solution. Our goal is to establish secure communication between hadoop and smart devices or applications, so that applications of smart devices can send queries to hadoop and display respective results. HSMF is based on XML (Extensible Markup Language) message over TCP/IP which gives hadoop more flexibility in order to communicate not only with java based applications but also with applications written in other languages such as C/C++, C#, Python, Dot Net framework etc. Since XML is generated dynamically, client application may choose DML (Data Manipulation Language) of hadoop using HSMF. Client application does not require knowing the design of dataset, it only performs query on particular dataset based on user requirement. During communication via TCP/IP, every XML message header is checked and matched by a messaging header checking mechanism. This is why HSMF is secure. Our results show a successful communication between hadoop and smart devices or applications where smart devices and applications send query to hadoop and display the result received from hadoop.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Information Retrieval for Domain Ontology Graph model using Clustering[ ]


Ontology deals with similar terms and relationship that can be used to describe and represent area of knowledge. In this paper, we propose to use knowledge represented in the form of ontology for categorizing documents. The novelty of this approach is we categorize text to a given ontology by using the Knowledge it contains. The information from the analyzed document is enriched with external ontological knowledge. The categorization process depends solely on entities, named relationships, and the taxonomy of classes represented in the ontology. We describe the processing phase of ontology graph generation system from input text documents of different domains. This paper focuses on processing of input text documents, processing is structured representation of the input text. Processing of ontology graph generation includes allowing tokenization of input text, POS tagging, removal of stop word and Stemming. Then class identification, matched the terms then generate tree, otherwise extract terms by matching input terms with dictionary.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACO-Heuristic for a Multi-period Distribution-Allocation Problem in a Single-Stage Supply Chain[ ]


This paper considers a multi-period fixed charge distribution problem (MPDAP) associated with backorder and inventory. A time-based decision on size of the shipments from each supplier, inventory, and backorder is done with an objective to minimize the total transportation cost. A MPDAP model is difficult to solve due to the presence of fixed costs, causing nonlinearities in the objective function and are known to be Nondeterministic Polynomial-time hard. To solve the problem, an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based heuristic is proposed. . The solution obtained using the proposed heuristic is validated by converting the MPDAP model into a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model and solving the MIP using LINGO-13 solver.A problem instance from a literature is considered and is solved using the ACO-heuristic.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Influence of irrigation water quality on soil salinization in semi-arid areas: A case study of Makutopora, Dodoma-Tanzania[ ]


This research was carried out in Dodoma, at Makutopora Agricultural Research Institute. The main objective was to determine the influence of irrigation water on soil salinization in semi-arid areas. A total of 80 representative soil samples were randomly collected from study area. Two water samples were also collected from the study area. The samples were treated and analyzed for physical and chemical related indices. The results are grouped into general quality parameters, which included salinity and salt inducing cations and anions.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ethnobotanical Survey of Mangroves and Wetlands Plants for Sustainable Livelihood and Development[ ]


Mangroves are world’s most productive ecos1ystems and support genetically diverse community of terrestrial and aquatic flora (plants) and fauna (animals). They provide innumerable direct and indirect benefits to human beings. The ethnobotanical information of the mangroves were collated and their medicinal uses, parts used, diseases being used for like flatulence, epilepsy, small pox, malaria, diabetes, fever, hepatitis e.t.c. The collected information was discussed with previous authentic report on anti-microbial activities of mangroves.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excitonic Emission of AlGaAs/GaAs Quantum Well Heterostructures[ ]


Excitonic Emission of AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs Quantum Well with different contents of Al of (0.1 to 0.4) was studied theoretically. The investigation of excitonic emission of GaAs overgrown in AlGaAs matrix was calculated using the method of finite differences to find the one-dimensional band diagram of a semiconductor structure. Based on a solution of Schrödinger's equation, the program calculated the conduction and valence bands, and the hole and electron concentrations. The results of the calculations of the band gap of AlxGa1-xAs layers with different Al contents shows that with increasing Al content, the band gap of AlxGa1-xAs is increasing. The layers of AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well were formed where AlGaAs acts as a barrier around GaAs which contribute to confinement of the carriers in GaAs layer. Our calculations observed that, this barrier height increasing with increasing of Al content from x=0.1 to 0.4.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Review of Deep Mixing Methodology in Geotechnical Projects[ ]


The Deep Soil Mixing Method (DSM), further developed by Keller, was invented in Japan and Scandinavia. Its use is growing across the world in strengthening and sealing weak and permeable ground.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MODIFIED ENERGY AND AREA EFFICIENT CARRY SELECT ADDER USING BEC ON A RECONFIGURABLE HARDWARE[ ]


Carry Select Adder (CSLA) is one of the widely used digital components in digital integrated circuit design. The proposed design is implemented using BEC and RCA structure with Cin=0. Based on this modification 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-b square-root CSLA (SQRT CSLA) architecture have been developed and compared with the regular SQRT CSLA architecture. The proposed design has reduced area and energy as compared with the regular SQRT CSLA with only a slight increase in the delay. The compared results show that the modified SQRT CSLA has a slightly larger delay ( 31.42%), but the area and energy of the 64-b modified SQRT CSLA are significantly reduced by 10.16% and 2.10% respectively.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLIMATE CHANGE AND GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF PART OF LOWER NIGER SUB- BASIN AROUND ONITSHA, NIGERIA[ ]


The impact of climate change on water resources and the environment is on the increase and has resulted to the increased dependence on unprotected surface and groundwater resources. The study tends to evaluate the aquifer behaviour of the Benin Formation of Southeastern, Nigeria with the view of establishing the impact of the climate change on groundwater resources of part of lower Niger Sub-Basin. Since the hydrology of aquifer and health of the ecosystem are closely connected, understanding the water resources of a system will enable its management in an integrated manner to ensure the sus-tainability of the ecosystem and the water it provides. The water bearing formation of the study area consist mostly of continental sands and gravels with hydraulic conductivity ranging from 4.9m/day to 33.99m/day. This forms the major aquifer in parts of the Lower Niger Sub Basin. The depth to the watertable lies between 2m and 8m near the coast and deepens inland to over 150m. The Niger River with a discharge of about 4000m3/s at Onitsha recharges the aquifer in the month of September than other times of the year. Increasing rate of erosion in the coastal areas of the Lower Niger Sub-Basin along the Niger River and Anambra River around Onitsha with its socioeconomic consequences is attributed to climate change and requires urgent attention.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Closed loop speed control of DC motor[ ]


In this project, we designed a model which is capable of measuring the current speed of motor. And also it takes input from the user and based on the difference between entered(desired)speed and current speed the width of PWM pulses given to the motor is controlled until motor reaches desired speed. After completion of current execution, our model waits in the current state until an input is given by the user and the process continues until power supply is switched off.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Study on Labours Productivity Management in Construction Industry[ ]


Productivity remains an intriguing subject and a dominant issue in the construction sector, promising cost savings and efficient usage of resources. Productivity is one of the most important issues in both developed and developing countries. The developed countries are aware of the importance of economic growth and social welfare. The developing countries which face unemployment problems, inflation and resource scarcity seek to utilise resources and in such a way as to achieve economic growth and improve citizens lives. The aim of this thesis is to identify factors which are affecting labour productivity and also to study causes i.e. labour problems on site and its effects on the construction projects. Some of the important factors affecting labour productivity are: quality of site management, labour experience, misunderstandings between labour and superintendent etc. The problems faced by the labour on Indian construction sites are dealt with in detail. Problems like non-availability of proper accommodation, basic amenities, low wages, safety related problems etc. dominate on almost all Indian construction sites. The small firms in India are not able to fulfil labours requirements, and that is why labour is not able to raise their productivity. In fact it is found that actual labour productivity ratios are reducing day by day, which in turns harms organization’s profitability. In this study we will try to relate the ill effects of falling labour productivity with the productivity of other resources such as material, equipment and capital. This thesis restricts itself to the survey and research in the Indian context. Analysis of obtained data was done using different statistical methods.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jet Wind Turbine[ ]


Through the next several decades, renewable energy technologies, thanks to their continually improving performance and cost, and growing recognition of their Environmental, economic and social values, will grow increasingly competitive with Traditional energy technologies, so that by the middle of the 21st century, renewable Energy, in its various forms, should be supplying half of the world’s energy needs.” We have selected this so as to begin thinking towards power generation through clean sources such as wind. Power generation in our country is very low at present. Industrially developed states like, Maharashtra is suffering through major power shortages, and this is a signal of major crises. Even in cities like Mumbai peoples are suffering from power cuts. We knew that this project does not reflect any new discovery; but our intention is that residential societies should install such wind mills on the terrace to tackle with the power cuts and become independent unto certain amount. In this project wind turbine charges a 12 volt battery and runs various 12 volt appliances. We have fabricated the small scale wind turbine on the basis of design calculations and made changes in design to track it with manufacturing constraints.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Efficient Transmission Technique For Vehicular Communication[ ]


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is mainly divided to three types. cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), zero padding OFDM (ZP-OFDM), and time domain synchronous OFDM (TDS-OFDM). Compared to CP OFDM, TDS-OFDM have higher spectral efficiency and faster synchronization. But TDS-OFDM cannot support higher order modulation like 256QAM in low-speed vehicular channels and there will be performance loss over fast time-varying vehicular channels. This paper introduce how efficiently use the compressive sensing (CS) theory to solve those problems. Here First, cancelling the interferences if present, and use the idea of inter-block-interference (IBI)-free region of small size to reconstruct the high-dimensional multipath channel. Second, propose the parameterized channel estimation method based on priori aided compressive sampling matching pursuit (PA-CoSaMP) algorithm to achieve reliable performance over vehicular channels. TDS-OFDM have Partial channel priori, so by using this performance can be improved and reduce the complexity of the algorithm.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estimation of Chemical Pesticide in Fruits and Vegetables[ ]


Experiment were conducted to estimate quantity of pesticide residues in Kharbuja , Pineapple, Turai and ladyfinger. In the present case samples were tested and in all these samples malathion quantity was ranging from 0.02 to 0.08 mg/kg . Besides this toxicant Monocrotophos, Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos were also found . Malathion effect the nervous system causing nausea, diarrhea, cramps etc. Endosulfan and monocrotophos are hazardous products affecting CNS which lead to slurred speech , weakness, fatigue, body paralysis , cancer, vomiting, nausea etc. Minute quantity of pesticides seems to be very risky for our health. Pesticide should be used in a level given by Government norms and must not be use in excess quantity. Investigator tried to aware people about proper use of pesticides through the study done.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Need for a review of Valuation Education under the Real Estate Curriculum[ ]


Real estate field has been described as ‘eclectic’ both in practice and education. In fact, globalised approaches to curriculum in the academia and mode of professional practice have continued to be challenged by the linkage between real estate and the economic and socio-cultural circumstance of nations. Beyond these however, there is the subtle neglect of attention to the scope of training afforded prospective property valuers hitherto subsumed under real estate field. This paper makes a call for a review of the status quo from the perspectives of concepts, scope and approaches.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Green computing[ ]


Green computing, Green ICT as per IFG International Federation of Green ICT and IFG Standard, green IT, or ICT sustainability, is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT. San Murugesan notes that this can include "designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems — efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Process Safety[ ]


For designing and maintaining various systems in many chemical industries, that involves the storage of hazardous chemicals or materials for its later use. The distinct unit processes and severe chemical reactions may involve erodible endothermic or exothermic reactions. The release of various toxic chemicals in industries may need proper safety precautions. Along with these vicinal conditions, industries also need to study the physical and Thermodynamic conditions of schematically and systematically for implementing corresponding safety parameters. The process safety is an analytical working of the system to take proper safety measures which are required for working of these processes and its proper maintenance at times. Technically a system needs to study the Energy Balance along with the Material Feasibility and proper Material of Construction with inherent obligations corresponding to the distinct systems.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comparative Study and Performance Evalua-tion of Formal Specification Language based on Z, B and VDM Tools[ ]


Formal method provides specification, proving and verification of software. It targets the semantics rather than syntax of the source program and can be used to provide an unambiguous and consistent supplement to natural language. Most of the software is delivered with some bugs, lack of complete functionality and cost overrun. Formal methods are silver bullet for software industry for solving these problems. Model based formal methods are those in which the system is specified in terms of state models that is constructed using mathematical notions such as sets and sequences. There are popularly three model based formal methods- Z, B and VDM (Vienna Development method). Z notation is used at an abstract level based on set theory and first order predicate logic. B is slightly low-leveland more focuseson refinement to code rather that just formal specification. VDM uses a group of formal modeling languages, it offers syntax type checking and proof obligation generation capabilities. This paper compares and contrasts the strengths and weaknesses of the model oriented formal specification languages- Z, B and VDM based on various factors. It is found that VDM is better tool for formal specification than Z and B.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comparison of Open Source Crawlers- A Review[ ]


Various open source crawlers can be characterized by the features they implement as well as the performance they have in different scenario. This paper will include the comparative study of various open source crawlers. Data collected from different websites, conversations and research papers shows the practical applicability of open source crawlers.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mobile Cloud Development with Software Defined 5G Networks using NFV (Network Function Virtualization Technologies)[ ]


5G is the upcoming generation of telecommunication around 2020 with the promise of Heterogeneous Networks and mobile cloud computing. In previous networks cloud’s are rather considered static mounted with racks, servers etc, but 5G brings the new concept of HetNets which means that micro, macro and pico cells will be integrated on one platform. This demands us to bring concept of “Mobile cloud” for data storage necessary to connect different types of heterogeneous data networks (e.g large mobile data centers in 5G) at the same time offers mobile data storage facility. It will be possible with the help of “Software Defined Networking” approach. This paper presents solution how to develop mobile cloud with SDN and NFV technologies.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Status of Agriculture in Coastal Villages of Ratnagiri, Maharashtra[ ]


Ratnagiri is a coastal district of Maharashtra, having an approx. coastline of 167 km. The district is divided in 09 tehsils. Out of these nine tehsils, five tehsils i.e. Mandangad, Dapoli, Guhagar, Ratnagiri and Rajapur are adjacent to coastline. Most of the area comprises with undulating landscape. The low land area encountered with flood catastrophes and sea tidal waves. In the low levelled coastal tracts, the conditions of agricultural activities are not favourable in all seasons. Most of the agriculture system is influenced by the direct impact of tidal sea-water. Salinity reduces the crop production in the coastal villages of Ratnagiri. In view of the impact of saline water and its effects on agricultural systems, some selected villages have considered for case study.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FIELD TRIP AND STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES: THE CASE OF NOUN BAYELSA STUDY CENTRE, YENAGOA[ ]


Field trip is undertaken within most earth sciences and professions. More than a set of skills, environmental research is a way of thinking and examining critically the various aspects of our physical environment. It is a habit of questioning about what you do in your environment, and empirical examination to find answers to environmental problems, with a view to instituting appropriate changes for a more environmental friendly habitat. This study is therefore aimed at x-raying the imperatives of Field Trip in Students studying various aspects in Environmental Sciences. The study adopted reconnaissance survey, observation, assessment of field trip report and interview methods. It specifically examined works of students of the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) Yenagoa study center. The findings of the study among other issues discovered that students who undergo field trip during their course of studies acquire more knowledge and better equipped in their chosen discipline. Useful recommendations were made to guide students on further field trips so as to enrich their knowledge on Environmental issues.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impact of cultivars , bio-products and chemical salts on managing apple scab in Egypt[ ]


In Egypt, apple scab caused by Spilocaea pomi (the conidial state of Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.), is one of the most constrain of it's production. Isolation trials from scabbed apple leaves yield many fungal isolates. The isolated fungi were purified and identified as : Alternaria alternate, Fusarium solani, Penicillium sp., Spilocaea pomi, and Stemphylium sp. Pathogenicity test of the isolated fungi revealed that only S.pomi was the responsible for causing apple scab. The reaction of three apple cultivars, i.e. Anna, Ein Shemer and Balady cvs. of 10 years old to the natural infection by the disease was assessed during 2011 growing season at Nobaria district, El-Behera governorate. Results showed that Balady cv. was the most susceptible one to the incidence and severity of the disease followed by Anna cv. Meanwhile, Ein Shemer cv. was the lowest affected one. Three bio-products, i.e. AQ10 (Ampelomyces quisqualis), Bio-ARC (Bacillus megaterium) and Bio-Zeid (Trichoderma album) as well as five chemical salts, i.e. calcium chloride, calcium bicarbonate, potassium mono-phosphate and sodium bicarbonate were evaluated, under summer pruning practices, for their effect on the severity of the disease ( Balady cv.) compared with the fungicide Topas and untreated control.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abnormal behavior on AC electrical conductivity for Ni-Ti ferrite system[ ]


Total AC conductivity, , of Ni2+ and Ti4+ substituted Ni ferrite, with the chemical formula TixNi1+xFe2-2xO4 (where 0.0=x=0.625) has been studied in the frequency range from 100Hz to 1MHz and in the temperature range from 298 to 590K. reveals the semiconductor behavior of the samples. The high value of conductivity at high temperature region has been discussed in terms of multiple hopping processes. At moderate and low temperatures the conductivity is found to be enhanced by the increasing in the frequency of the electric field. Therefore, the activation energy, Eac, decreases as the frequency of the applied field increases. The measurements reveal the existence of metallic like behavior at a certain temperature interval (SMS). However, the metallic interval in curves is shown to be moving toward the high temperature region with the increasing in applied frequency. On the basis of localized and delocalized charge carriers attempts to explain the SMS phenomenon are reported.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effect of Thermal Barrier Coating on the performance of the active cooling channel[ ]


Actively cooled high speed combustion chamber using hydrocarbon fuel as a coolant, must be designed to cool the liner without exceeding the stoichiometric limit of the fuel required for combustion. Use of high temperature materials such as Nickle and Niobium alloys to sustain the high heat loads, cannot alone achieve the targeted coolant flow rates. Therefore the use of thermal barrier coatings is being investigated by many researchers. In this paper, a comparative performance study was carried out for rectangular and trapezoidal cooling channel configurations using three channel materials viz., Inconel X-750, Nb-Cb-752 and GRCop-84 and three thermal barrier coatings viz., Yittria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ), La2Zr2O7 and La2Ce2O7. For this purpose a 1-D analytical model was developed in MATLAB for calculating the temperatures and stresses of the active cooling channel. A 2-D numerical simulation was carried out in ANSYS 14.5 to validate the analytical model. Then, using Matlab program the temperatures and stresses were calculated for a range of geometric parameters, in conjunction with various channel materials and TBC materials, for a given set of flow and thermal boundary conditions to bring out the most suitable combination for the application. It was observed that the use of TBCs satisfied the requirement of reduction of the coolant requirements and overall weight per unit area.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-SiCp Composites[ ]


This study investigated the effects of silicon and silicon carbide particles contents on the mechanical properties of Al-Si-SiCp composites. 16 samples of the composite were produced by stir casting with silicon contents of 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt.%, and silicon carbide particles contents of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2.0 wt.% for each composition of silicon. Samples from each composition were machined into standard tensile and impact test pieces. They were then subjected to homogenizing annealing heat treatment. Tensile test and impact test were then carried out on the samples. The results obtained showed that for a particular silicon content, impact strength of the Al-Si-SiCp composites increased when the SiCp content was increased from 0.5 to 2.0 wt.%. For a particular SiCp content, the composites exhibit an initial decrease in impact strength at 2 wt.% silicon, and then an increase in impact strength with increasing SiCp content. Also, increase in both SiCp and silicon contents caused an increase in the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus, but a decrease in the ductility of the Al-Si-SiCp composites.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wireless Mobile Charger Which Works on Free Energy[ ]


Mobile phones are the heart of communication . It bother the people when they have to charge their battery numerous time. This paper proposed a proper idea to overcome from this knot. This trouble would be solved with the help of microwaves. Microwaves of frequency 2.45 GHz (unlicensed) will be used here as a energy source which will charge mobile phones with the aid of a circuit which will be locate inside mobile phones and this circuit will convert microwaves into the electricity. For the generation of microwaves of preferred frequency, a sensor will be used which convert the rotational energy into electrical energy and this energy will be given to the microwave generator. The rotational energy is obtained with the help of neodymium magnets which can produce a high magneti c field. Small pieces of disc shaped magnets are mounted on a rotating machine which will also produce a magnetic field. Due to it a repulsive force will exist which causes the generation of torque and because of it fins will rotate. Thus, shaft of a dc motor will also rotate due to the rotation of fins which leads to the generation of electricity. This electricity is free of cost.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEW CRITERIA FOR MATHEMATICAL AND STOCHASTIC MODELING[ ]


Modeling deals with the measurement of variables. A fundamental problem in almost all fields of science and especially in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences is the gap between the development of new ideas and their implementation in practice. The motivation of the Modeling is to bridge the gap between theory and practice. In the present study, the problems relating to the modeling have been described by presenting the various advanced tools for Mathematical and Stochastic modeling by considering different aspects of formulation or specification; obtaining solutions or estimating the parameters; validity or goodness of the specification; and using the models for making policy decisions. Further, a criterion for selecting non-nested linear regression model has been developed by using two stages least squares estimation.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accelerometer based Wireless Intuitive MIDI Controller[ ]


The growing research and development in Music & Technology has put great emphasis on creative development and deployment of innovative musical technologies which adds a completely new dimension to how we experience music. In recent years, MIDI Controllers have been used extensively to control various parameters of a live performance or a studio production. The MIDI Controllers available in market are generally employed with a number of sliders, knobs, buttons and may or may not include a piano-keyboard. In this paper, we propose a MIDI controller based on an accelerometer to enhance intuitive motion based non-verbal experience which can be used with or without company of the traditional button-slider MIDI controller. We implement this Controller using a 3-D accelerometer module ADXL 330 & Arduino AT Mega 8 as a Human Interface Device to add the much needed portability for system enhancement.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effects of Worker Fatigue on Product Quality: A Case Study in Apparel Industry[ ]


Improving product quality is one of the main concerns of any manufacturing industry. There are many factors in apparel industries which are responsible poor product quality and defective items. Unskilled workers, physical fatigue from manual works of extended working hours, misplacement of worker at workstation, lack of training, absence of engineering knowledge and engineering management are few factors directly related to product quality. In this work effects of work fatigue on product quality is studied and analysed for stitching, finishing and fabric departments of an apparel industry. During the investigation attention is concentrated on how work fatigue influences product quality. It is found that defect rate varies with time. Defect rate increases gradually until lunch break. Similar fashion is observed after the lunch break also. Among the three departments defect rate in stitching department is higher than fabric and finishing departments. Finally few suggestions are proposed to reduce quantity of fatigue related defective items.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN VITRO SEED GERMINATION AND CALLUS FORMATION OF DENDROBIUM MACROSTACHYUM[ ]


The genus Dendrobium is one of the most important genera with distribution of eleven species in the Western Ghats, fit in to the family Orchidaceae. Dendrobium macrostachyum is an endemic and threatened species with pharmaceutical importance. In vitro studies will immensely aid conservation measures of this orchid species. MS, VW, B5 and KC media supplemented with various concentrations of auxins and cytokinins were used in combination for asymbiotic seed germination and plantlet formation. In the assessment of the media VW medium supplemented with BAP of 0.5 mg and 5 mg NAA was found to be most suitable for plantlet formation. VW basal medium fortified with Basal VW Media fortified with 1.5 mg BAP, 1.5 mg NAA, 50 ml CM and 500 mg AC was found to be most suitable for in vitro rooting. A hardened plant was transferred to green house after ex vitro rooting technique. Implication of the present work is discussed here.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ON POTENTIAL FLOWS IN THE INTERIOR SCHWARZSCHILD SPACE-TIME[ ]


In this paper we consider the enterior Schwarzschild solution. Euler and continuity equations have been formulated as potential problem, the equation which represent the fluid flow have been solved by separation. An exact solution is obtained and the solution is exact under a condition involving the density of the hard body, the radial coordinate and the radius of the hard body itself.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STOMATAL RESPONSES OF CAJANUS CAJAN (C3) AND AMARANTHUS PANICULATUS (C4) PLANTS EXPOSED TO VARYING DOSES OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY[ ]


Contamination of air due to release of phytotoxic pollutants such as sulphur dioxide (SO2) may influence the composition of environment. Diffusion of gases into a leaf is hindered by several barriers. Stomata can regulate entry of a gas into the interior of a leaf. SO2 enters in plants through open stomata, the gas reacts with moisture and is converted into acid. The acidic ions cause toxicity to the plant tissue. The effect of varying concentrations of aqueous SO2 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 and 250 ppm) on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. cv. PDM1), a C3 plant and amaranth (Amaranthus paniculatus L. a local cultivar), a C4 plant were selected for the present investigation of their leaf number, leaf area ratio and stomatal responses by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The leaf number was reduced in both pigeonpea and amaranth in response to SO2 exposure. The leaf area ratio of SO2 treated plants was observed more in pigeonpea than in amaranth. The damage of stomatal complex at the necrotic regions and collapsed stomata were also observed at 250 ppm was evident from SEM studies in response to SO2. Comparatively the reduction was more in amaranth than in pigeonpea.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Study on the Anodic Oxide Films formed on Mg Alloys Using DC, AC Methods in Alkaline Solution[ ]


Magnesium is the lightest of all structural metal materials in practical use, with a density equivalent to two-thirds that of Al, one-third that of Zn and one quarter that of steel. However, applications of wrought Mg alloys have not been as successful as those of aluminum (Al) alloys because of the high corrosion susceptibility under certain service conditions. In this research, we have investigated the DC/AC anodizing of AZ31 Mg alloy samples in alkaline NaOH solutions under various applied potentials. In the DC anodizing experiments, the current density showed a maximum value at a potential of 3 V, and thicker anodic films were obtained at this potential. The films formed at lower potentials were mainly composed of magnesium hydroxide, and the films formed at higher potentials were composed of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium oxide.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE SUN AND ITS FAMILY MEMBERS ALTOGETHER TRAVEL IN THE UNIVERSE IN A ROPE PATH[ ]


Every satellite moves around its planet in a spiral path and every planet moves around its star in a spiral path. Every star with its planets and satellites altogether move around their galaxy in a rope path.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pages   [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [U]