Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2015 Edition

Publication for Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2015.

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Implementing object oriented design methodology to develop a testing system[ ]


Object oriented designing (OOD) is a widely used development strategy based on the concept that systems should be built from a collection of reusable components called objects. Instead of using structures that separates functionality and data, objects bounds both. It guarantees that the system will enjoy a longer life while having far smaller maintenance costs and tends to model the real world in a more complete fashion than do traditional methods. Unified modelling Language (UML), based on OOD, is implemented using Visual Paradigm, a visual design tool. The system is divided into actors, use cases and class diagrams having interactions with each other. Schematic files and simulations that are done in a third party software can be uploaded into the documentation of Class diagrams in UML.

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An Assessment Of Heavy Metals Accumulation In Clarias gariepinus, (Burchell 1822) And Wastewater Reservoir Of Coca Cola Company In Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria[ ]


Routine laboratory analyses were carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals in wastewater reservoir and fish tissue (Muscles and Gills). Wastewater has the highest concentration of heavy metals than in the fish tissue in the following order Cu>Fe>Cd>Mn>Zn, while Pb is below detection level. Among the tissue, gills were observed to have the highest concentration in the following order Fe>Cd>Cu>Mn>Zn, while Pb was also below detection limit. Mn concentration in fish has exceeded the international permissible limit by the World Health Organisatio, Food and Agricultural Organisation, and American Public Health Association. These therefore pose a threat to the consumer and the survival of the fish in the wastewater and necessitate the need for caution and stricter wastewater effluent discharge for a better water quality.

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Comparing Between TOYOTA and HONDA Economically[ ]


Honda Motor Corporation and Toyota Motor Corporation were establish in 1946 and 1937 correspondingly. Both of companies have been facing same political economical domestic and global challenges, They have comparable business assists like labor force, technology, information and capital then how come there be such a major difference in the overall business performance? This case highlights the role of leadership, corporate culture, corporate governance and financial performance and operational strategies of the two corporations.

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GIS Approach for Groundwater Quality Study in Mewat District, Haryana, India[ ]


Water is prime requirement for living beings. The availability of good quality groundwater plays vital role in developmental planning as well as agricultural practices. The modern techniques like geographical information system (GIS) are employing for studying the spatial distribution of groundwater in a terrain. In the present study, secondary groundwater quality data have been used for groundwater quality study of Mewat dis-trict in Haryana. Ten groundwater quality parameters viz. pH, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, hardness, total dissolved solids, iron, fluoride, chloride and nitrate have been used for inverse distance weighted interpolation technique in ArcGIS 9.3 software of 45 locations in the district. The result shows that pH in the study area ranges 6.5 to 8. The spatial distribution of pH shows that 1634.68 sq. km area (87.93%) falls under desirable groundwater quality. Hills cover 224.32 sq. km area (12.07%) in the study area. The alkalinity in the study area ranges 90 mg/l to 1400mg/l. The spatial distribution of alkalinity in the study area shows that 1525.77 sq. km area (82.07%) falls under desirable groundwater quality; 43.04 sq.km. area (2.32%) area falls under permissible groundwater quality and 65.87 sq.km area (3.54%) falls under non-potable groundwater quality. The calcium in the study area ranges 24 mg/l to 800 mg/l. The spatial distribution of calcium in the study area shows that 1153.33 sq. km area (62.04%) falls under desirable groundwater quality; 454.84 sq.km. area (24.47%) area falls under permissible groundwater quality and 26.51 sq.km area (1.43%) falls under non-potable groundwater quality. The magnesium in the study area ranges 10 mg/l to 300 mg/l. The spatial distribution of magnesium in the study area shows that 106.51 sq. km area (5.73%) falls under desirable groundwater quality; 1528.17 sq.km area (82.20%) area falls under permissible groundwater quality and 224.32 sq.km area (12.07%) falls under non-potable groundwater quality. The hardness in the study area ranges 190 mg/l to 1660 mg/l. The spatial distribution of hardness in the study area shows that 11.41sq. km area (0.61%) falls under desirable groundwater quality; 1574.22 sq.km. area (84.68%) area falls under permissible groundwater quality and 49.05 sq.km area (2.64%) falls under non-potable groundwater quality. The total dissolved solids (TDS) in the study area ranges 156 mg/l to 2500 mg/l. The spatial distribution of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the study area shows that 353.67 sq. km area (19.02%) falls under desirable groundwater quality; 1269.52 sq.km area (68.29%) area falls under permissible groundwater quality and 11.49 sq.km. area (0.62%) falls under non-potable groundwater quality. The chloride in the study area ranges 92 mg/l to 1600 mg/l. The spatial distribution of chloride in the study area shows that 571.3 sq. km area (30.74%) falls under desirable groundwater quality; 1055.54 sq.km. area (56.78%) area falls under permissible groundwater quality and 7.61 sq.km area (0.41%) falls under non-potable groundwater quality. The fluoride in the study area ranges 0.27 mg/l to 1.6 mg/l. The spatial distribution of fluoride in the study area shows that 1264.81 sq. km area (68.03%) falls under desirable groundwater quality; 365.66 sq.km area (19.67%) area falls under permissible groundwater quality and 4.21sq.km area (0.23%) falls under non-potable groundwater quality. The iron in the study area ranges 0.27 mg/l to 1.6 mg/l. The spatial distribution of iron in the study area shows that 1554.19 sq. km area (83.60%) falls under desirable groundwater quality; 80.49 sq.km area (4.33%) area falls under permissible groundwater quality. Hills cover 224.32 sq. km area (12.07%) in the study area. The nitrate in the study area ranges 10 mg/l to 30 mg/l. The spatial distribution of nitrate in the study area shows that 1634.68 sq. km area (87.93%) falls under desirable groundwater quality. Hills cover 224.32 sq. km area (12.07%) in the study area. The study shows that pH and nitrate fall under desirable limit in the study area, iron falls under desirable and permissible limit while other parameters-alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, hardness, total dissolved solids, chloride and fluoride fall in desirable, permissible and non-potable limit of groundwater in the study area. The study is highly useful for planning and management of groundwater in the study area.

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Development of Utility Information System for Management of Electricity Distribution of Iyaji Residential Layout, Oyo, Oyo State,Nigeria[ ]


Utilities are infrastructures such as electricity, water, telephone etc that provide a common good for individual and the society. Utility networks in a country are vital for the proper and smooth functioning of the modern society. A breakdown of the services of these networks can cause serious economic damage. This study focuses on proper working of electricity distribution infrastructure that can only be assessed and monitored by using Geographic Information System. To accomplish this, geometric data on electricity distribution network in the study area was acquired which involved updating the existing map of the area with GPS observation, georeferencing and digitizing the map.

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Reduction of Vibrations and Noise using AA7020/Al2O3 Nano Composite Gear Box in Lathe[ ]


If the vibration amplitudes of a machine exceed the severity limit as per codes, the machine should be shut down to identify the faults so that remedial action can be taken to keep the machine safe. Exposure to excessive noise can damage hearing, and it is important to understand the effects of this kind of noise, particularly because such exposure is avoidable. The aim of the present work was to reduce vibrations and noise in the lathe machines using AA7020/Al2O3 nano composite gears in the gear box. As per IRD General Machinery Vibration Severity Chart, the condition of the lathe is VERY GOOD as the vibration have been reduced 95 VdB. The noise levels have been reduced to the permissible limit of 108 dB for the lathe machines with gear box having AA7020/Al2O3 nano composite gears.

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Reduction of Vibrations and Noise using AA7020/SiC Nano Composite Gear Box in Lathe[ ]


If the vibration amplitudes of a machine exceed the severity limit as per codes, the machine should be shut down to identify the faults so that remedial action can be taken to keep the machine safe. Exposure to excessive noise can damage hearing, and it is important to understand the effects of this kind of noise, particularly because such exposure is avoidable. The aim of the present work was to reduce vibrations and noise in the lathe machines using AA7020/SiC nano composite gears in the gear box. As per IRD General Machinery Vibration Severity Chart, the condition of the lathe is VERY GOOD as the vibration have been reduced 97 VdB. The noise levels have been reduced within permissible limit of 94 dB for the lathe machines with gear box having AA7020/SiC nano composite gears.

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Reduction of Vibrations and Noise using AA7020/Fe2O3 Nano Composite Gear Box in Lathe[ ]


If the vibration amplitudes of a machine exceed the severity limit as per codes, the machine should be shut down to identify the faults so that remedial action can be taken to keep the machine safe. Exposure to excessive noise can damage hearing, and it is important to understand the effects of this kind of noise, particularly because such exposure is avoidable. The aim of the present work was to reduce vibrations and noise in the lathe machines using AA7020/Fe2O3 nano composite gears in the gear box. As per IRD General Machinery Vibration Severity Chart, the condition of the lathe is VERY GOOD as the vibration have been reduced 100 VdB. The noise levels have been reduced within the permissible limit of 97 dB for the lathe machines with gear box having AA7020/Fe2O3 nano composite gears.

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Proposed Encryption Technique for Cloud Applications[ ]


Recently, the amount of confidential information that stored within the Cloud has been largely increased. Thus, the issue of security became more important than before. The data and services of cloud have been rabidly spread to support the expandable and secure data centers. However, these centers can be easily hacked at any time and from anywhere. With the increase of cloud users, the number of malicious activates on the cloud has been also increased. Thus, the need to ensure the safety of information that being exchanged between the users and the cloud became more significant. Many security and authentication techniques have been proposed to secure the exchanged data. These techniques aim to keep the authentication, privacy and reliability levels of data. In this paper, a simple model for data protection has been proposed. A new algorithm has been proposed to secure the stored data within the cloud. RC5 and AES algorithms have been used within this algorithm to increase the level of security and complexity, thus the attackers cannot reach to the stored data. In addition, this proposed algorithm has been applied on a shopping website that designed within this work. The performance of this algorithm has been measured and compared with the performance of RC5 and AES algo-rithms. The level of security, the running speed, the level of complexity and the resistance against the known attacks have been used to measure the performance of these three algorithms. The results indicated that the performance of this proposed algorithm was the best among the other algorithms.

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INHIBITION AND ADSO-KINETIC STUDIES OF Gmelina arborea FRUIT EXTRACT ON CORROSION OF ARMOUR STEEL PLATE IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID[ ]


The evaluation of inhibitive action of crude Gmelina arborea fruit extract (GAFE) on armor steel plate ASP) in 0.1M HCl solutions has been investigated using different methods viz; weight loss method at temperature 303K-313K, Electrochemical technique (Linear Polarization Resistance) and Surface morphologic examination, using Phenom Prox Scanning Electron Microscope. The inhibitive action is observed to increase with increase in concentration of the extract, but decreases with increase in temperature. The Extract gave highest inhibition efficiency (IE) of 87.50% at 303K and 78.87% at 313K at maximum extract concentration of 0.5g/L. Inhibition efficiency (IE) of extract decreased with increasing temperature for both acids. Thermodynamic parameters evaluated gave heat of adsorption (Qads) range between -24.4904 kJ/mol -16.4337 kJ/mol with an average of -6.1547kJ/mol. The Activation energy parameter (Ea) is between 4.11 to 14.76 kJ/mol, which indicates physisorption. Free energy of adsorption process (∆G°ads) showed negatives values, which explained the spontaneous adsorption activity. Adsorption process of GAFE on armor steel plate best fitted and obeyed the El-Awady isotherm. The El-Awady 1/y parameter is <1 at all test conditions. Electrochemical investigations (LPR- curve), reveals that GAFE acts as a mixed inhibitor by retarding the cathodic and anodic reaction. Micrographs from SEM, shows evidence of plant material adsorption on ASP under similar test conditions with near smooth surface. In contrast, Micrographs of ASP after immersion in acids without GAFE shows evidence of general and localized corrosion (pitting).

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Pakistan Water Woes: Solution Lies in Constitutional Reforms[ ]


Pakistan’s water woes determines the flow in the rivers since the sources lie in disputed territory Kashmir, has implications for internal politics vis-à-vis distribution of water within the provinces. There is an abundance of evidence that the River Indus has run out of already implicated as critical food shortages, increased frequency of natural disasters, dislocations of citizens and an increasingly destabilizing conflict between upper and lower riparian regions. Water and energy can be jointly managed as far as the challenges are pushed to the frontline such as constitutional amendment to tackle water force either with diverting it, storing it or both.

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Artificial Recognition Sorbents on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for the Separation of Aspirin from its Structural Analogues[ ]


Highly specific and selective artificial recognition units for aspirin was fabricated on polymer-nanocomposites (MWCNT-MIP) making use of molecular imprinting technology. The products were characterised using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-Ray diffraction studies, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopic and tunnelling electron microscopic techniques. The maximum saturated binding capacity (Qmax) for MWCNT-MIP was obtained as 0.644mmolg-1 with an 82% increase as compared with the non-imprinted counterpart (MWCNT-NIP). MWCNT-MIP shows a high regression coefficient value (R2=0.999) for Langmuir adsorption isotherm indicating enhanced homogeneity than the corresponding bulk MIP (R2=0.977). The rebinding process obeys second order kinetics with rapid template binding demonstrating the effective formation of print cavities on the surface of sorbent. Also, the theoretical and experimental values for Qe from second order kinetic data were found to be almost similar even at different temperatures. The optimized rebinding parameters of the nanosorbents were applied for the separation of aspirin from its closely related structural analogues and these studies indicated a higher relative selectivity coefficient for MWCNT-MIP towards aspirin than the bulk MIP. Further MWCNT-MIP is found to have 100% reproducibility upto four adsorption-desorption cycles.

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Serum Glucose and Lipid Profile in Salt-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Rats Treated with Camel Milk[ ]


Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder with high socioeconomic cost that is considered a worldwide epidemic. It is a group of interrelated risk factors of metabolic origin that directly promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Camel milk is readily available, affordable and it is a good source of naturally occurring antioxidants. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate effect of camel milk supplementation on serum glucose and lipid profile in salt-induced metabolic syndrome rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I: control animals (normal), Group II salts induced untreated, Group III: salt-induced supplemented with camel milk, Group IV salt-induced treated with 100mg/kg Metformin + 10mg/kg Nifedipine. Groups II, III and IV were placed on 8% salt diet for 6 weeks, which results in significant increase (P<0.05) in serum glucose, Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TAG), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), and atherogenic index, and a significant decrease (P>0.05) in High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Camel’s milk supplementation counteracted the effect of high salts diet, reversed the above biochemical changes and improved them towards normalcy. This study suggests that regular consumption of camel milk could provide a natural way to protect against various component of metabolic syndrome.

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MULTIPHASE FLOW SIMULATION OF OIL AND GAS IN VERTICAL FLOW USING CFX-PRE AND FLUENT[ ]


The complexity to analyze corrective mathematical principles to predict the characteristics of multiphase flow in pipes in the petroleum industry is a key target due to its significance. Hence, the current research on multiphase flow simulation of oil and gas in vertical flow using CFX-PRE and Ansys Fluent is focused on the identification and study of the flow-regime map; mostly on the pressure distribution across the pipe and the effect of each phase on the wall of the pipe. The methodology is based on the use of simulation tools such as Solidworks which was used to model the pipe and to do initial flow analysis and Ansys CFX-pre for preparation of the model in the computational domain. Reported results for the characteristics of multiphase like pressure drop across vertical pipes were proffered solution. Also results confirmed change in phase either by heat addition or exchange of heat between phases as the prime cause of wavy motions in fluid transportation of difference in velocities of gas and liquid bubbles along pipes. Therefore, the simulation tools employed for the research study is considered as an effective and reliable technology.

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Classification of MRI Images: A Review[ ]


With the rapid development of the medical science more and more medical images are generated rapidly like OMR, CT scan, X-ray etc. Due to that an efficient system is essential for the indexing, storing and analyzing such images. The analyzing cost of such images is very high. The analysis quality also differs and highly prone to errors. The classification of such images is a quite harder job. Hence it is essential to develop a strong system for classification of such images. In this paper we are presenting some techniques that are used to classify the X-ray images.

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Comparative study for various HCV Diagnostic methods used in Basrah health institutions[ ]


Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major cause of chronic liver diseases. Various screening tests of HCV was developed since the virus was first identified in 1989. Detection of HCV infection during the window phase of infection, before seroconversion, is important in blood screening. However, there is a significant delay in the time between infection and the development of antibodies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate three screening method are used for HCV detection and compare the sensitivities of these method using PCR as gold standard .Of 160 collected blood specimens from suspected hepatitis C patients, serum separated and stored at -20º C. Then they were examined by the methods of immunochromatographic (ICA) rapid test, ELISA-3,Monolisa Ag-Ab test and PCR. Using ICA method, 153 cases were positive and 7 cases were found negative. In ELISA-3 method,152 cases were found positive and 8 were negative. In monolisa Ag-Ab method, 159 cases were found positive and 1 case was found negative. While, using PCR method, 101 cases were real positive and 58 cases were negative. Considering real time PCR for HCV RNA as the gold standard for HCV infection determination in this patient population, ELISA-3, ICA , Monolisa Ag-Ab assay yielded a sensitivity of 99%, 99% ,100% respectively and low specificity , positive predictive value of 65.8% ,65.5% ,63.5% respectively and negative predictive value of 87.5%, 85.7% , 100% respectively . Comparing three diagnostic methods, Monolisa combined Ag-Ab test proved to be more sensitive, therefore can be applied for early detection of HCV infection during window period.

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Corrosion Inhibition of Carapichea Ipecacuanha Extract (CIE) on Copper in 1 M HNO3 Solution[ ]


Carapichea Ipecacuanha Extract (CIE) was investigated as a green corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1 M HNO3 solution using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques. The effect of the temperature on corrosion behavior with addition of different concentrations was studied in the temperature range of 25-40 ºC by weight loss method. Polarization curves reveal that the investigated extract is a mixed type inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increase in the investigated extract concentration and decrease with increase in solution temperature. The adsorption of the inhibitor on copper surface was found to obey the Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The results obtained from chemical and electrochemical techniques are in good agreement.

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Recognition of Control Chart Patterns Using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and Efficient Features[ ]


Unnatural patterns in the control charts can be associated with a specific set of assignable causes for process variation. Hence pattern recognition is very useful in identifying process problem. This paper investigates the design of a high efficient system for recognition of common types of control chart patterns (CCPs). First it is proposed an efficient system that includes two main modules: the feature extraction module and the classifier module. In the feature extraction module, a balanced combination of the shape features and statistical features are proposed as the efficient characteristic of the patterns. In the classifier module, as the first time in this area, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is investigated. Experimental results show that the proposed system has good recognition accuracy (RA). However, the results show that in ANFIS training, the vector of radius has very important role for its recognition accuracy. At the second fold, it is proposed an intelligence system which a novel optimization module, i.e., bees algorithm (BA) is proposed for finding the best parameters of the classifier. Simulation results show that the proposed system has high recognition accuracy.

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The Effects of Nozzle Angle and Distance Between Burners on Burning Velocity in Counter Flames[ ]


Premixed laminar combustion of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and air is studied experimentally using counterflowing axisymmetric jets. Attributes of this type of burner arrangement for studying laminar combustion are discussed in terms of flame geometry, angle of nozzle, burning velocities, and measurement access.

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Smart Bin Implementation for Smart Cities[ ]


In past few decades there is a rapid growth in the rate of urbanization and thus there is a need of sustainable urban development plans. Now using new age technology and strategic approach, the concept of smart cities is coming up all around the world. A smart city is incomplete without a smart waste management system. This paper describes the application of our model of “Smart Bin” in managing the waste collection system of an entire city. The network of sensors enabled smart bins connected through the cellular network generates a large amount of data, which is further analyzed and visualized at real time to gain insights about the status of waste around the city. This paper also aims at encouraging further research in the topic of waste management.

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Application of 2D Resistivity Imaging and Remote Sensing/Geographic Information System (GIS) In Dam Foundation Studies: A Case Study Otobi Area of Otukpo L.G.A Northcentral Nigeria[ ]


This study highlights the application of geophysical and remote sensing/GIS techniques in the study of the proposed Otobi dam ax-is/foundation in southeastern Nigeria in order to establish: optimal depth to bed rock, the rock type which make up the foundation, the geological structures of the foundation, overburden thickness, concealed basement morphology, fractures /seepage channels in the subsurface thus, enabling the evaluation of the suitability of the proposed dam foundation. In this study, lineaments have been extracted directly from digital TM Land sat image after a series of enhancements and bands ratioing.The Arc GIS version 10.0 and ILWIS 3.1 was used to generate thematic drainage maps, lineament maps and rose diagram of structures. The interpretation of the satellite image of the area showed that the proposed dam foundation is dominated by NE-SW trending fractures and this is in tandem with most of the fractures observed on outcrops of Otobi sandstone in the area. This was followed by an electrical resistivity profiling along the proposed dam axis using the Wenner array. The 2D resistivity imaging reveals that the upper layer of the study area to be 7-10metres thick and consists of alluvial and residual soils with resistivity values ranging from 8-100 ohm-m. The second layer is over 10metres thick and has a resistivity value of 5-50ohm-m and made up of moderately weathered shales and mudstones with parallel permeable groundwater rich zones which are indicative of fractures. The results of the study indicate that the proposed Otobi dam foundation is underlain by numerous fractures which are detrimental to the dam and could serve as seepage channels through the dam.

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Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Brass Alloys Obtained from Recycled Copper and Zinc Metals[ ]


In this work, brass alloys were produced by sand casting using recycled copper and zinc metals. The zinc content was varied from 5 to 30 wt%. The cast alloys were subjected to homogenizing annealing heat treatment. Hardness and tensile tests were carried out on the samples from each composition. Also, the samples were subjected to microstructural investigation using optical microscopy. The results obtained showed that the hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, percentage elongation and elastic modulus of the alloys increase with increase in zinc content. Also, the micrographs of the samples reveal the presence of a single solid phase which consists of a solid solution of zinc in alpha copper. It was concluded from the study that brass alloys with good mechanical properties can be produced from recycled copper and zinc metals.

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Construction and properties of Al/SiC composites using nano silicon carbide by powder metallurgy technique in pure aluminum alloy[ ]


Aluminum matrix composites are widely used in aerospace, military and automotive industry. Furthermore silicon carbide powder is one of the best and common material used to reinforce the aluminum matrix composites. High strength-to-weight ratio, abrasion resistance and desired corrosion resistance of Al/Nano SiC composites are the most important of specifications of this group of composites. In this research, Al/Nano SiC composites with pure Aluminum as matrix with 0,1.5,2.5,5,10,15 and 20 volume percent of SiC were made by powder metallurgy technique (cold pressing and sintering)as reinforce used to study the effect of volume percent of SiC on mechanical properties and microstructure of the composite. Considering the electron microscope images, it is possible to understand nano SiC particles existence and their uniform distribution. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength will increase with increasing particle fraction to optimum percent, also with increasing of volume percent of SiC; the hardness of composite will be increase. In these types of composites, unlike studies using micron particles, the flexibility will not be reduced with increasing of volume fraction of Nano SiC particles. The overall results of the study show that the best outcomes are related to the sample containing 10% powder with heating at the temperature of 650° C.

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Reconfigurable filtering using FFT/IFFT for PLI and High frequency artifacts removal in Real Time ECG Signal[ ]


Heart related problems are increasing, as the life style of people is improving. ECG signal is an explicit representation of activity of the heart. Different heart related diseases and unusualness in the heart are detected by ECG signal. ECG signals are altered by various noise and artifacts, which degrades the quality of the signal, that affect the proper diagnosis and monitoring. Hence obligatory measures have to be taken remove the noises. Here reconfigurable FFT/IFFT filter is used, that can work as a comb filter or as a band-pass filter that can supress PLI and high frequency artifacts respectively. The main focus is to de-noise the ECG signal; and analysing the performance of the reconfigurable FFT/IFFT filter in ECG de-noising applications. Correspondingly, MATLAB and Verilog simulation results are established.

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Synthesis and characterization of nano hydroxyapatite with dextran nano composite for biomedical applications[ ]


Hydroxyapatite/Dextran (HD) Nano composites are important biocompatible materials. The title compound was successfully synthesized by a wet chemical method at room temperature with different mass ratio. The composite structure and morphologies of the synthesized hydroxyapatite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Transmission electron microscope(TEM), Thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA) and antibacterial activity of the synthesized Hydroxyapatite/Dextran nano composite related with gram negative and gram positive were examined. The obtained results indicate good thermal stability. The physical and chemical properties agreed well with previous report. Lattice parameter and volume density are matched with JCPDS NO:09-0432. Antibacterial test exhibits antimicrobial activity. It can potentially be applied in biomedical and bone tissue engineering materials.

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MEMS PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE: DESIGN, MODEL AND STATIC ANALYSIS[ ]


In this paper, the utility and applications of a MEMS Pressure Relief Valve (MPRV) are discussed. In addition, the design of a new MPRV is presented and modeled. Simulating stress analysis has proven the valve useful for driving pressures up to 10atm.

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Power-aware Meta-heuristic Core Mapping Approaches for Network on Chips[ ]


Network on Chip (NoC) has been introduced to support communications demand in System on Chip (SoC). Power consumption is a controversial issue in on-chip interconnections. Due to this issue and limited resources in NoCs such as wires, switches and virtual channels, mapping problem which are dealing with obtaining an appropriate position in topology, plays crucial role in design of NoCs. In this paper, we utilize Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA) as meta-heuristic algorithms to solve the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) and map the tasks to the cores on mesh-based NoCs. Experimental results reveal that meta-heuristic algorithms not only reduce the power dissipation but also improve the performance in NoCs.

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Android Phone Operated Home Appliances Using Bluetooth Technology[ ]


Many household devices operate with alternating current. These devices are switched by using switches or keys that are considered as a component of the electric circuit. All home appliances such as fans, tubelights, TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. have become a part of the daily life of a normal human being. These devices are driven by alternating current supplied to every house from the energy station. Taking into consideration the different advancements in the field of electronics and robotics we can develop a method for operating all home appliances by using an android phone with the help of Bluetooth technology. In this paper, I shall discuss about the means of using Bluetooth technology for controlling any AC or DC machine by a single tap on the Android phone, using it as a remote control.

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First-Principles Calculations on Cohesive Energy of Bulk and Nano Si[ ]


The structure properties in the pseudopotential density-functional scheme were investigated using Ab initio pseudopotential method within both local density approximation (LDA) and generalize gradient approximation (GGA) for silicon bulk and nanoscale solids. The calculated bulk lattice constant of silicon is found to match with experimental data from both LDA and GGA, whereas the bulk cohesive energies obtained from GGA are much closer to the experimental data than that from LDA. The cohesive energies for silicon nanoparticles, nanowires and nanofilms diverts from that of the bulk when particle sizes decreases. At size of 4 nm, the cohesive energy value of nanoparticles is -3.477 eV, which is larger than that of nanowires -4.116 eV and nanofilms -4.514 eV. The results obtained are in good agreement with literature data.

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Reliability Modelling of Side Discharge Loader for Availability Estimation and Maintenance Planning in Underground Coal Mines[ ]


The production and productivity in underground coal mines of India over the years is decreasing at an alarming rate. For improvement in production and productivity, mechanization has become an important aspect for Indian coal industry especially in case of underground coal mines to sustain in global scenario. Side Discharge Loaders as loading system has made possible major breakthroughs in increasing production and productivity. Side Discharge Loaders (SDL) is now used as a dominant loading machine for intermediate face mechanization in underground coal mines. To meet the production and productivity issues, the SDL machine should be reliable and maintained effectively and efficiently to have maximum availability. Higher availability of machine shall enable optimum utilization thus increasing production and productivity of these capital intensive equipments. This paper seeks to study the reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) of an SDL machine with failure and repair data by Markov modeling. The constraints and reasons for machine unavailability are highlighted. The reliability and maintainability of SDL and its subsystems are evaluated. Reliability and maintainability of an SDL system are disappointing. There is scope to take decisions on optimal maintenance planning and machine improvement from this analysis.

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Studying of transition metal complexes containing oxalate ion with antibacterial activity[ ]


The research includes synthesis two types of complexes containing oxalate ion with metals Fe(III) and Cu(II). They had been characterized by molar conductance, melting point, atomic absorption measurements(A.A), magnetic moment measurements infrared ( FTIR) and electronic (UV.VIS) spectra. Also includes the studying of biological effect for these complexes on different pathogenic species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus gram positive (+ve), the others are gram negative (-ve) which are included Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , by using Muller Inhibitors Concentration ( MIC) method In order to evaluate the effect of metal ions upon chelation and show the different activity of inhibition on the growth of bacteria.

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Energy transfer studies in binary laser dye Mixtures between Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine B[ ]


In this research we study the energy transfer mechanism in Rhodamine6G as donor, and as Rhodamine B as an acceptors matrix has been studied. The energy transfer process from donor molecules to acceptor molecules in the final samples has been observed spectrally. UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy studies from (400-800) nm for Mixture of (R6G and RB) in Ethanol solvent for different concentration. We notice that the absorption intensity is increased with increasing concentration. We find also that the bandwidth of absorption spectrum is increased when we mix the two dyes together in comparison of each dye alone and these agree with the energy transfer mechanism. To confirm the energy transfer we observed the overlap between the emission spectrum of R6G and excitation spectrum of RB. The results show that the emission properties of acceptor molecules can be enhanced using the dye mixing binary laser dye. The results showed access to a broad spectrum extends from 525nm to 645nm, was obtained on the movement of energy with high efficiency when mixing dyes concentrations (1*10-5 R6G dye 1*10-6 RB dye).

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Evolution of Degree of Polarization in Presence of Polarization Mode dispersion in Single Mode Fibers[ ]


In the presence of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in single mode fiber, the degree of polarization (DOP) are affected randomly depending on the amount of PMD and the initial pulse width. In this paper, we are derived a novel analytical expression of the DOP that may be used to expect the reconstructed polarization for a single section. Thereafter, this expression was generalized for any number of concatenation sections in order to cover the randomness of the local variations of the direction and value of the PMD vector.

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Effects of two fungicidal products (mancozèbe and azoxytrobine) and rosemary essential oil on Lactuca sativa physiology[ ]


The sector of truck-farming horticulture knows numerous sanitary problems the most incriminated agents of which are mushrooms and bacteria’sleaves or roots. In Morocco, the lettuce Lactuca sativa is one of the most cultivated legumes. However, it’s affected by several pathogenic agents among whom Bremia lactucae Regel, a mushroom responsible for the mildew or miller of the lettuce. The chemical fight remains the most used against this problem in spite of the Man and environment fatal effects.The present work concerns the study of certain Lactuca sativa biological parameters, under the influence of two chemicals: azoxytrobine and mancozèbe, widely used by Moroccan farmers, and also Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. To do it, we led a series of experiments to the ground, in an agricultural plot of land situated to "Ain Beida" inFez region. The studied parameters are: the number of leaves, the foliar surface, the rate of fresh and dry material and the chlorophyll rate. The obtained results have on one hand, shown an important biomass of Lactuca sativa handled by the rosemary essential oil, compared with untreated witnesses plants; on the other hand, we noted a positive effect of this vegetable essence which increases with the used concentration. However, the treatment made by azoxytrobine revealed a lesser effects of the plants physiology with regard to the treatment by mancozèbe. In addition, the processing of Lactuca sativa with the essential oil gave an important rate of dry air part material.

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The simulation of quantum friction[ ]


A model for the dissipation of energy from a collective degree of freedom represented by free motion into intrinsic excitations represented by three coupled oscillators is presented. It is shown that by approximating the Hamiltonian of a system of interacting particles as a sum of two Hamiltonians the quantum mechanical version of frictional effects of the system can be studied.

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