Volume 5, Issue 9, September 2014 Edition

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Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Analysis of Carboxin in its formulations[ ]


A simple, economic, selective, precise and accurate High Performance liquid Chromatographic method used for the analysis of Carboxin in its Formulations. Formulations was developed and validated in the present study. The mobile phase consists of Mixed Acetonitrile and water in the proportion 25:75 respectively. And this was found to give a sharp peak of Carboxin at a retention time of 10.27 min. HPLC analysis of Carboxin was carried out at a wavelength of 205 nm, With a flow rate of 0.8ml min-1 linear regression analysis data for the Calibration curve showed a good linear relationship with regression coefficient 0.999 in the concentration range of 50 ppm to 150 ppm. The linear regression equation was Y=5188×-364 the developed method was employed with a high degree of precision and accuracy for the analysis of Carboxin. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, robustness, detection and quantification limits as for ICH guidelines. The wide linearity range, accuracy, sensitivity, short retention time and composition of the mobile phase indicate that this method is better for the quantification of Carboxin

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Synthesis, structural and biological properties of some transition metal complexes with 4,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-amino-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbinitrile[ ]


In the study presented three new metal complexes of 4,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-amino-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbinitrile with Cr(III), Mn(II) and Fe(III) were synthesized and their structure was elucidated through elemental analysis, melting point, molar conductivity, magnetic prosperities, spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H NMR, UV-vis., mass spectra) as well as thermogravimetric analysis. These investigations suggest that L interacts with the metal ions as a bidentate ligand bound to the metal through amino N and carbinitrile N atoms having [M(L)2(H2O)2]n+ formula where M=metal ions. The central metal in each complex is six-coordinate and distorted octahedral geometry is proposed. The lowest energy model structures of the metal ions complexes have been determined using density functional theory (DFT). Also, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the ligand, metal salts and complexes were tested on six microorganisms (four bacteria and two fungi). The complexes showed increased antibacterial profile in comparison to the free ligand.

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The impact of materials cost on the weight of concrete buildings[ ]


Today, concrete structures are the most commonly used structures in construction industry and are considered as an important industry of Iran with respect to the increasing trend of construction. In concrete structures, a considerable part of total weight of the structure is allocated to the concrete members` weight leading to the increase of dead load of the structure. To decrease the dead load of the structure, lightweight concrete is often used. This type of concretes is more expensive than normal concretes but due to decreasing the members` size, economic use of concrete and steel as well as decreasing transportation cost, they are preferred to be used in the structures. Lightweight concretes are also fireresistance inherently. On the other hand, to obtain higher strength in various buildings, the cost of concrete production is increased. Highly resistant concrete will have more weight leading to more dead load. With respect to the mentioned features, using lightweight concrete is not recommended for high strengths. Considering above, it seems that the cost and price of concrete and other materials used in concrete buildings affect the weight of concrete buildings. In this regards, the present study attempted to investigate the importance of materials` cost and their role in concrete buildings` weight.

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Propose Hybrid KNN-ID3 for Diabetes Diagnosis System[ ]


This work presents a proposed Medical Diagnosis System of Diabetes aiming to identify the correct diagnosis of Patient’s diabetes as quickly as possible and at as lower cost as possible. The Proposal Diabetes Diagnosis System (DDS) has three subsequent stages; the first stage is the construction of medical dataset (MD) with eight features taken for 1000 patients and covering three classes (Diabetic, Non-Diabetic, and Predicted- Diabetic). The second stage is the preprocessing of MD by removing redundancy, generalize and normalize some of features’ values, and suggest fillings for the missing values with K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (KNN) instead of the traditional filling method in which values are estimated based on experiences.

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STRUCTURAL DEPENDENCE OF COMPOUND FORMING LIQUID BINARY ALLOYS[ ]


Most of experimental evidences clearly demonstrates that the anomalous behaviour for a large number of liquid alloys occur at or near the stoichiometric compositions where stable indermetallic compound exist in the solid phase. It is therefore, natural to propose that the chemical complexes, associations clusters or pseudomolecules exist in the liquid phase near the melting temperature. An appropriate estimation of the stoichiometry of complexes in the liquid alloy is usually made by an analysis of anomalous composition dependence of the physical properties and also from the phase diagram. The complex forming model successfully explains the thermodynamic properties of number of compound forming alloys.

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Subcutaneous Lipoma of The Tip of The Nose; A Rare Presentation[ ]


Lipoma are by no means uncommon tumour. They are rarely reported in the nose and paranasal sinus. We report an unusual case of subcutaneous lipoma of the tip of nose in a 18 year old female which has not been reported in english literature. This was excised using open rhinoplasty approach. Follow up of one year revealed no recurrence. Differential diagnosis and management strategy is discussed.

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Analysis and synthesis of sinusoidal noise in monaural speech using CASA[ ]


CASA is the technique used to segregate a target speech from a monaural mixture. This article propose a technique to separate the sinusoidal noise from monaural mixtures. Many sounds are there that are important to humans are having pseudo-periodic structure over a particular period /stretch of time. Where this fixed period is typically range of 100Hz-5KHz which gives the corresponding pitch percept. The systematic evaluation of this algorithm gives a tremendous and noticeable improvement in noise segregation.

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THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN INTERNET BANKING[ ]


Continuing technology developments and innovations are having significant impact on the way banks interact with their customers, suppliers and counterparties, and how they undertake their operations. Banks face the challenge of adapting, innovating and responding to the opportunities posed by computer systems, telecommunications, networks and other technology-related solutions to drive their businesses in an increasingly competitive domestic and global market. The internet in particular offers major opportunities for banks to reach new markets and expand the range of products and services they provide to customers. The very accessibility and dynamism of the internet brings both benefits and risks. The board of directors and management of a bank are responsible for managing its risks, including technology risks which are becoming more complex, dynamic and pervasive. The risk management process requires the board and management to review and appraise the cost-benefit issues on what and how much to invest in controls and security measures relating to computer systems, networks, data centers, operations and backup facilities.

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Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in Uncooked Pork Meat Products in Khon Kaen, Northeastern Thailand, and their Antimicrobial Profiles[ ]


To isolate Streptococcus suis serotype 2 from minced pork, pork meat, fresh pig blood, liver and other offal, 320 samples were collected from 8 sub-districts in Khon Kaen province from January to May, 2013. Isolation was done by direct plating technique using selective media with antibiotic supplement. S. suis serotype 2 isolates were examined to species level by multiplex PCR. Forty one isolates were identified as S. suis serotype 2. Prevalent rate did not depend on areas (p>0.05). Overall prevalent rate was moderate at 12.8%. The occurrence in fresh pig blood were highly significant different (p < 0.01) from other tissue types, and heavily contaminated at 24.6%. Minced pork samples, were least contaminated at 2.7%. This is the first report in fresh pork and pork related samples in northeastern Thailand. Traditional custom of consuming raw pork dishes which included fresh pig blood were normally practiced among Thai popular in the northeastern region. Therefore, control measure must be strengthened. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates were tested using disk diffusion technique. Inhibitory zone diameters in millimeter for amoxicillin (AML), cephalexin (CL), gentamycin (CN), penicillin G (P), and tetracycline (TE) were measured. It is noted that CN is the most susceptible drug (93.6%) compared with 4 other drugs tested against S. suis serotype 2, followed by AML (90.3%), CL (67.7%), P (51.6%), and TE (16.3-35.5%) by in vitro technique. There was significant different between resistance and non-resistance (p < 0.01) where majority of the isolates were susceptible to the tested drugs.

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Verbs Deploymentin Mathematical Expressions: A Pedagogical Explication[ ]


The quest for technological advancement in the technology-driven global order of the contemporary world, to a large extent, drives the educational policy of any developing nation like Nigeria. Hence, in virtually every facet of the country’s educational policies, science is accorded a prime placement at the expense of the arts and humanities. It is within this context that mathematics has emerged as a major hurdle which a student must scale for any rewarding schooling career, at least, at the secondary school level.Ironically however, the subject has continued to constitute the archiles heels for many students both at the pre-matriculation and post matriculation examinations.

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Financial Inclusion in the Caribbean Region with Specific Emphasis on Guyana[ ]


The Caribbean takes its name from the Carib an indigenous tribe of the Region. The region consists of the Caribbean Sea and its islands, some of which are surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, and the surrounding coasts. The Caribbean Region lies southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America. Financial Inclusion may be defined as the process of ensuring access to an appropriate range of safe, convenient and affordable financial services to the disadvantaged and other vulnerable groups including persons who fall within the low income group, rural and undocumented persons who have been underserved or excluded from the formal financial sector. Such services should be provided responsibly and sustainably in a fair and well regulated manner.

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Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Chlorzoxazone in bulk drug and pharmaceutical Formulations[ ]


A simple, precise, accurate and rapid isocratic reverse phase high performance Liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of Chlorzoxazone (CHZ) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic Colum was used the Hypersil BDS (C18, 150 X 4.6, 5µ analytical Colum ) UV-Vis Detector with PDA .The mobile phase comprising Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate and acetonitrile in the ratio (60: 40 v/v) adjusted pH 4.0 with dilute orthophosphoric acid solution. At a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min the wavelength was set at 287 nm at the retention time is 4.290 min. The correlation coefficient for Chlorzoxazone is 1 the recovery values of Chlorzoxazone ranged from 98–102%; the relative standard deviation for six replicates is always less than 2%. The proposed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD is 0.1511 µg/mL and LOQ is 0.458 µg/mL. The calibration was linear over the range of 25-150 µg/mL. The method can be easily adopted for quality control analysis.

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Chemical reaction effects on Heat and Mass Transfer of Unsteady flow over an infinite vertical Porous Plate embedded in a Porous Medium with Heat Source[ ]


The work reported herein estimates the effects of Chemical reaction on unsteady free convection flow and mass transfer over an infinite vertical porous plate which is embedded in porous medium with heat source. The basic governing equations of the problem are transformed into a system of non dimensional differential equations, which are then solved analytically by using Perturbation techniques. The dimensionless Velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are displayed graphically showing the effects fluid flow for the different values of the parameters involving in this problem like permeability parameter Kp,Grashof numbers Gr, Gc for heat and mass transfer, heat source parameter (S),Schmidt Number(Sc),Prandtl Number (Pr) Chemical reaction parameter (Kr) etc.,. It is interesting to note that an increase of Grashof number,Permeability parameter and Chemical reaction parameter for heat transfer accelerates the transient velocity of fluid.Further, it is observed that the temperature profile of the fluid flow decrease while increasing of prandtl number.

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Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema secondary to blunt laryngeal trauma- favourable outcome with conservative approach: a case report[ ]


Laryngeal trauma due to blunt injuries are relatively uncommon and potentially life threatening. Prompt diagnosis is important as serious airway compromise may be seen. Impaired voice production is a secondary concern. Associated cervical spine, esophagus, trachea and vascular injuries also need evaluation. The management should be tailored to fit each individual case. A proper initial management has a direct impact on patient’s survival and long term quality of life. A case report involving conservative management of extensive pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema following blunt laryngeal trauma with favourable outcome is presented. The imaging findings of the case pre- and post management are also described.

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DESIGNING INTELLIGENT PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM USING FUZZY-NEURAL NETWORK[ ]


This paper presents the design of a process control system using Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN). A Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) or NeuroFuzzy system is a learning machine that finds the parameters of a Fuzzy System by exploiting approximation techniques from neural networks. The FNN is based on a Fuzzy System which is trained by a learning algorithm derived from Neural Network theory. A PID continuous water process control system that lets water be at a set level as water flows in and out of the tank was considered. In this paper, the hybrid of the Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network was implemented to fine tune and optimize the Fuzzy output. The output of the Fuzzy Logic alone and the output of corresponding Neural Network System were compared with the output of the hybrid: Fuzzy Neural Network. It was observed that the Intelligent Process Control Systems Using Fuzzy Neural Network gave a steep rise time of 4s and stabilized after 6s. The Intelligent Process Control Systems using Fuzzy Network rose sluggishly after an undershoot at 5s and stabilized after 9s while the Intelligent Process Control Systems using Neural Network alone had a rise time at 3s and stabilized after 9s. The Fuzzy Neural Network a hybrid of the two performed better than the Fuzzy System or the Neural Network alone, considering the rising time and stabilizing time. The Fuzzy Neural Network performed best with a rise time of 1s and stabilizing time of 9s and showed a smoother overall performance.

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INVESTIGATION OF CRITICAL TEMPERATURE AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GADOLINIUM 20X20 AND 50X50 SQUARE LATTICES.[ ]


The critical temperature and the magnetic susceptibility of Gadolinium (Ferromagnetic) were measured using Susceptometer. The critical temperature was determined by measuring the magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature. The analysis of experimental results indicates that the bipolar magnet with strong tetragonal distortion in external magnetic field applied along the axis resembles the behaviour of the two dimensional Ising model on the rectangular lattices. The values of Critical temperature Tc, was found around 290.8K and 290.6K for 20x20 and 50x50 square lattices respectively. The susceptibility is the same for both square lattices and it is equal to 6.62x10-5.

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Employing a Suppression Filter for MC-CDMA Overlay[ ]


In this paper, the performance of multicarrier direct sequence code division multiple access (MC-DS-CDMA) system equipped with a suppression filter is analyzed. A suppression filter is used in the MC-DS-CDMA receiver for suppressing narrowband interference (NBI) over a Rayleigh fading channel. The NBI is assumed to be multi binary phase shift keying narrow band (BPSK NB) signals which exist in all subcarriers of the MC-CDMA system. The effect of suppression filter coefficients, MC-DS-CDMA system parameters, and the NBI parameters on the performance of the system is studied. The analysis shows that, the suppression filter can improve the MC-CDMA system performance significantly, and then increases the MC-CDMA system capacity. It is shown that, increasing the number of taps to be more than nine taps increases the complexity of the filter and does not add any performance gain to the system. The system with a suppression filter has better performance than the system without a suppression filter at a range of values of the ratio of the offset of the interference carrier frequency existing in a subband to the half spread spectrum bandwidth of this subband, (q), which varies from zero up to a greater value of ( ) at which using the suppression filter is useless. This value of q at which the system with and without a suppression filter have the same performance depends on the level of the signal to interference power ratio.

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Shortest Path Exploration in Wireless Mesh Networks Improved Energy Efficiency[ ]


In wireless mesh network the nodes are dynamically self-organized and self-configured networks create a changing topology and keep a mesh connectivity to offer Internet access to the users. The shortest path problem is one of the most fundamental problems in networking. This problem can be solved by many techniques and algorithm. In this paper we find the shortest path by using the fittest nodes in the network. By using the fittest node we can send the packets to the destination without packet loss, delay in packets. Average end to end delay is decreased by increasing bandwidth and the results are shown.

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Growth and memory switching effect in the quaternary thallium chalcogenide Tl2GaInTe4 semiconductor compound[ ]


High quality single crystal of the quaternary thallium chalcogenide Tl2GaInTe4 compound were grown by a modified Bridgman technique. The goal of this paper is to present experimental results of the switching effect and analyze qualitatively the influence of various factors such as temperature, light illumination and sample thickness on switching behavior of the high quality chalcogenide semiconductor Tl2GaInTe4. Current-controlled negative resistance of Tl2GaInTe4 has been observed for the first time. It has been found that Tl2GaInTe4 single crystal exhibit bistable or memory switching. The switching process takes place with both polarities on the crystal and has symmetric shapes. Current-voltage characteristics of Ag-Tl2GaInTe4-Ag structures exhibit two distinct region, high resistance OFF state and low resistance ON state having negative differential resistance. Tl2GaInTe4 is a quaternary semiconductor exhibiting S-type I-V characteristic. The specimen under test showed threshold switching with critical field of switching 116 V/Cm at 213K.

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Experimental Investigations On Di Diesel Engine With Medium Grade LHR Combustion Chamber Fuelled With Cottonseed Biodiesel[ ]


Investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance and study exhaust emission of a medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner with different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] of cotton seed biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Comparative studies were made with conventional engine (CE) with biodiesel. Engine with LHR combustion chamber improved its performance when compared with CE. The optimum injection timing with CE with biodiesel was 31o bTDC before top dead centre), while it was 29o bTDC for engine with LHR combustion chamber. Engine with LHR combustion chamber at optimum injection timing of 29o bTDC with biodiesel operation increased peak brake thermal efficiency by 9%, at full load–decreased coolant load at full load by 20%, volumetric efficiency by 7% , particulate emissions by 63% and increased nitrogen levels by 41% in comparison with CE with neat diesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC.

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Freelancing in Bangladesh[ ]


This paper is about the situation of "Freelancing in Bangladesh". Earning from online is part of our life. Many students are earning from online to get their regular expenses. As a part of my research I focused on Student Specialization, Spending time on Internet, Trust, Project and Earning Experience, Test Exams etc. Finally; this paper will help to find the situation of "Freelancing in Bangladesh"

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