Volume 5, Issue 9, September 2014 Edition

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Sinkhole Attack Detection In Hierarchical Sensor Networks[ ]


Wireless sensor networks are used in many applications including military environments, environmental monitoring, health related applications, tracking applications. Security issues are very important as the wireless sensor networks are applicable to harsh and unattended environments. Multiple sensors send sensed data to the base station for further processing. Considering the deployment, computation and battery power, sinkhole attack is one of the severe network layer attack in sensor networks where an intruder attracts surrounding nodes with unfaithful routing information, and then performs selective forwarding. In this paper we propose a method to detect the sinkhole attack in hierarchical sensor networks based on energy level. Performance evaluation is analysed based on packet loss, packet delivery, delay and network throughput

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Assessment of water quality in Hussainsagar lake and its inlet channels using multivariate statistical techniques[ ]


Application of different multivariate statistical approaches for the interpretation of data obtained during a monitoring programme of Hussainsagar Lake and its catchment area at Hyderabad (India) is presented in this study. The waste water coming from the catchment is being directly discharged in to the lake, forming point and non point sources of contamination of lake water. This study analyzes twenty physico-chemical and heavy metal water quality parameters recorded at five sampling stations during 2012–2013 by using multivariate statistical techniques. Hierarchical clustering analysis (CA) is first applied to distinguish the three general water quality patterns among the stations, followed by the use of principle component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) to extract and recognize the major underlying factors contributing to the variations among the water quality measures. FA identified seven factors responsible for data structure explaining 73.05% total variance and allowed to group selected parameters according to common features. DO, COD (BOD) and TA were associated and controlled by mixed origin with similar contributions from anthropogenic and natural sources whereas Cd, Ni and Zn were derived from anthropogenic activities. This study indicates the necessity and usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for evaluation and interpretation of the data with a view to get better information about the w

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Synergistic Effect of Different Nanoparticles Hybridization on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composite[ ]


This paper is concerned with fabrication and mechanical characterization of different nano particles, i.e., Graphite (G), Silicon Carbide (SiC), and Aluminum Oxide or Alumina (Al2O3,) dispersed in epoxy composite in two primary scenarios. In the first scenario, the effect of dispersion of different weight fractions of single type of nano particles on the mechanical properties is investigated. While in the second scenario, the effect of hybrid dispersion of multiple nano particles is investigated. In order to optimize dispersion and particle-matrix adhesion, specimen were prepared using ultra-sonication. Experimental results demonstrate increase of 37% and 195% for 2wt% of SiC dispersed in epoxy matrix in tensile strength and elastic modulus, respectively. An addition of 2wt% of G shows an improvement of 85% and 32% in strength and modulus, respectively. For nanoparticle infusion of 3wt% of Al_2 O_3, enhancement of 132% and 200% in strength and modulus are yielded. A synergistic effect is concluded between particles of G and Al2O3. In this mixture, the maximum strength (56.6 MPa) is recorded at a G to Al2O3 ratio of 2:1. Likewise, a maximum enhancement in elastic modulus of 82% with respect to neat epoxy is recorded (0.84 GPa).

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Water/Land Use Planning of Wadi El-Arish Watershed, Central Sinai, Egypt Using RS, GIS and WMS Techniques[ ]


Water crisis in Sinai arid region is a major problem and urgently needs to be solved. When flash floods occur, the usual practice is to dispose the flood water into the sea without any benefit, except for a small portion that can be stored in the existing reservoirs. The present work applied an adopted strategy for determining the water/land use priority areas for development depending on the implementation of effective runoff water harvesting (RWH) techniques, side-by-side, with the using of available groundwater. This conjunctive water use gives an optimum pattern for water/land use in Wadi El-Arish watershed. For this sake, the geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing satellite ETM+ images, watershed modeling system (WMS 8.0© Software) and GIS weighted spatial probability modeling (WSPM) were integrated to recognize the water/land use priority areas for agricultural and socio-economic activities. Four thematic layers represented by the volume of annual flood, groundwater prospective zones, suitability of geological units for agricultural development, and land slope of the basin were used to build the WSPM model within the ArcGIS 10.1© software platform. A map of water/land use priority areas for development was produced. This map classified the study area into five classes ranked from the very high (1906.49 km2) to very low (2441.56 km2) promising areas for new socio-economic settlements. The present article introduced a genuine proposal to utilize the locations of RWH constructions, i.e. dams, cisterns or surface water reservoirs to optimize the potentiality of sustainable development in the determined promising areas.

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Big Data – A Brief Study[ ]


In this research article we have provided a brief of the current industry buzzword called Big Data and covered the components of big data from a Hadoop perspective. The study will help to have a thorough understanding of big data and its various components in the hadoop framework.

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Mechanism of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generation: A review[ ]


Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) surge is important for the puberty onset in animals. This pulse is under the control of the neurons present in the suprachiasmatic neuclei (SCN) and Pre optic area (POA). These neuclei are expressing kisspeptin neurons in which the pulse generation is initiated. However data regarding pulse generation in the kisspeptin neurons are not yet well understood. In this review it is hypothesized that the presence of certain factors like NKB/dynorphin and different micro RNA are involved in the pulse generation in the kisspeptin neurons and are important for the regulation of puberty. In this review, role of these factors in the involvement of GnRH pulse generation at puberty are summarized.

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EAACK as IDS for MANETs[ ]


Manets are the ad hoc networks that are build on demand or instantly when some mobile nodes come in the mobility range of each other and decide to cooperate for data transfer and communication. Therefore there is no fixed infrastructure for Manets. Due to this nature they are more vulnerable for attacks and provide a good scope to malicious users to become part of the network. To obstruct the security of mobile ad hoc networks many security measures are designed such as encryption algorithms, firewalls etc. EAACK is designed based on the Digital signature Algorithm (DSA) and RSA. Those techniques have drawbacks due to the collusions of packets and distribution of keys between nodes becomes an overhead. We propose a new alternate technique by developing a key management scheme and a secure routing protocol that secures on demand routing protocol such as DSR and AODV.

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CR-Submanifolds of an (?)-Lorentzian Para-Sasakian Manifold Endowed with Quarter Symmetric Non-Metric Connection[ ]


In this paper we study quarter-symmetric non metric connection in CR-Submanifolds of (?)- LP-Sasakian manifold. Some results related to this connection are obtained and studied. Also we dealt with totally geodesic and umbilic.

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A SURVEY ON FEATURE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR COLOR IMAGES[ ]


The applications of machine learning and data analysis are rapidly increases. In such kind of applications multimedia data is compared for storage. In addition of that during retrieval and search a significant amount of resources are consumed by these methods. Nowadays various applications are available that claim to extract the accurate information from such colored image databases with less computational cost. In addition of that each image of data includes different information, thus for preserving the query relevant information from search content based methods are appropriate for image data search. During information extraction based on the content of images various kinds of feature extraction techniques are available. These techniques lead to provide the information with fewer amounts of storage and less computational cost. This presented work focus on the information reflected by various feature extraction techniques and where they can be easily adaptable. The given technique is further utilized in different application such as object detection using multimedia data base.

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Diagnostic Evaluation of Brushing Cytology in the Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Induced Gastritis[ ]


The helicobacter pylori is the factor of most frequent infection all around the world and it has been recognized as one of the main reasons of peptic ulcer disease and an important dangerous factor for gastric cancer. There are numerous reliable diagnosis methods for identifying of helicobacter pylori during endoscopy of upper digestive system; biopsy urease is the cheapest and histology is the most expensive tests while brushing cytology is faster and cheaper than histology. In the current study, we clinically evaluate these three tests (biopsy urease, histology and brushing cytology tests). The slides of brushing cytology pertaining to 109 patients who were complained from dyspepsia and were candidate for endoscopy of upper digestive system were collected. The biopsy urease and histology, with tests with H&E coloration, tests were performed for each patient. The presence of helicobacter pylori in each patient was demonstrated by adjustment of at least two tests. Among 100 patients, 78 persons were diagnosed positively by brushing cytology from helicobacter pylori viewpoint. Using the positive and negative answers of two other tests as golden standard, true positive in 48 cases, true negative in 18 cases, liar positive in 7 cases and liar negative in 2 cases were recorded. Therefore, the sensitivity and trait of brushing cytology was obtained as 96 % and 72 %, respectively. The sensitivity of brushing cytology (96 %) was higher than biopsy urease test (77.4 %) and the trait of biopsy urease test (100 %) was higher than histology test (90 %). The brushing cytology is a reliable, cheap and simple method in fast diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection. When there is not need to extra information about the severity of mucous hurt or presence of atypical cells, the suitable cost – efficiency strategy, rather than histology test, may be consisted of taking a biopsy sample from antrum for the biopsy urease test and preparing the slide of brushing cytology which only will be colored and evaluated if the result of biopsy urease test become negative.

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A New Approach to Understanding the Mechanism and Effect of Phase Change of Aluminum in Aluminum Nanoparticles Oxidation: An Experimental Study[ ]


Recently, Aluminum nanoparticles become more and more interesting due to their possible applications in explosive materials. The current study aims to investigate, qualitatively, the oxidation of aluminum nanoparticles with passivating oxide coating. The stability of the oxide coating in nanoaluminum was evaluated by hot-stage transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, single particle mass spectrometer (SPMS) was used to assess the oxidation process. The results show that the oxidation of oxide-coated nanoaluminum not only happens, simultaneously, with melting of the aluminum core, but also it is most probably that it begins with that event and resulted mechanical rupture of the oxide coating.

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Thermal Simulating of Poppet Valve of XUM Motor and its Support in Order to Estimating of Contact Heat Transfer Coefficient: A Numerical Study[ ]


The functionality of inter combustion engines is depend on good management of fuel, air, spark and cooling process in order to get assurance from optimum performance of engine, pollutant amount and fuel consumption. The cooling of poppet valve by thermal contact of poppet valve and its support is very important. In this study, the thermal simulating of poppet valve of XUM engine and its support is performed by numerical method and using Ansys CFX software. Firstly, a simplified problem of end contact between two rods is analyzed to assure the accuracy of selected software and results of the solution are obtained. Then, the three dimensional geometry of engine cylinder head is input to the software and using the presented boundary conditions the problem is solved in static contact condition and its results including temperature of contact position between poppet valve and its support is used as initial condition for periodic case. Afterwards, the periodic case in low revolutions of engine and using the input warm air is considered. The obtained results in both cases of static and periodic contact are compared with the results obtained from experimental work on the test model of XUM engine in IPCO Corporation. In addition, the conditions of engine functionality in higher revolutions and using combustion products as input are evaluated. Finally, the contact heat transfer coefficients are estimated in two high revolutions of engine.

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A New Method for Mitigation of Sub-synchronous Oscillations Using TCSC[ ]


The Linear Observer Method was adopted in this paper to study the SSR damping characteristics with TCSC. The study system was modified from the IEEE Second benchmark model by changing a part of the fixed series capacitor to TCSC. It is tried to stable torsional modes of turbine – generator units and improve their damping by using optimal linear control, with an practical viewpoint. In some of genuine applications, measurement of all state variables is impossible and uneconomic. Therefore in this paper, a novel approach is proposed by using optimal state feedback, based on the reduced order observer structure. It was shown also that the Linear Observer Method can mitigates Sub synchronous Oscillations (SSO) in power systems. The proposed method is applied to the IEEE Second Benchmark system for SSR studies and the results are verified based on comparison with those obtained from digital computer simulation by MATLAB.

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Wind Turbine System with Doubly-Fed Induction Generator and Rotor Power Feedback Control[ ]


The paper deals with a variable speed wind turbine fitted with a DFIG (Doubly-Fed Induction Generator) vector control system. A new rotor active power feedback, under the cascade regulation superordinated both to the DFIG rotor current internal feedback and the DFIG stator power external feedback has been introduced. The DFIG vector control system fitted with an external rotor active power feedback enables the wind turbine rotation speed to be controlled by means of the rotor active power reference. By introducing a rotor active power feedback into the DFIG vector control system, a power flow control in the generator rotor circuit is rendered possible in both stationary and dynamic wind turbine operation modes. The DFIG vector control structure has proved to be particularly suited to wind turbines with pronounced wind speed time changes. The paper also discusses the wind turbine dynamic characteristics with and without a feedback rotor active power within the DFIG vector control system at varying and sudden variations in rotation speed.

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An Approach to Optimal Distribution System Planning Through Conductor's Gradation for Productivity Improvement Using GA[ ]


In medium voltage electrical distribution networks, prevent the loss reduction is very important and certainly in line with this, system engineering issue and use of proper equipment, a good work has been done. Development of distribution systems result in higher system losses and poor voltage regulation. Consequently, an efficient and effective distribution system has become more urgent and important. Hence proper selection of conductors in the distribution system is important as it determines the current density and the resistance of the line. Evaluation aging conductors for losses and costs imposed in addition to the careful planning of technical and economic networks can be identified in the network design. This paper examines the use of different evolutionary algorithms, imperialist competitive algorithm (GA) to optimal branch conductor Selection and Reconstruction In view of the aging conductors in planning radial distribution systems with the objective to minimize the overall cost of annual energy losses and depreciation on the cost of conductors in order to improve productivity. Simulations are carried out on 69-bus radial distribution network using GA approaches in order to show the accuracy as well as the efficiency of the proposed solution technique.

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Optimization of SVC size & site for reducing loss in transmitsion networks[ ]


This article is about optimized locating and optimized determination of SVC size by two algorithms (BGA- binary generic algorithm and BF-bactrial foraging ) in order to reducing loss and improving voltage profile on three IEEE bus networks (5 and 6 and 30). precision, accessibility and quick response are advantages of these algorithms in comparison to other classic ones. in this research we try to make a comparison between intelligent algorithms and find effective factors ( such as optimized size and location ) in order to loss reduction in two modes ( with one and two SVCs ).

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Capacitor Location and Size Determination to Reduce Power Losses of a Distribution Feeder by Firefly Algorithm[ ]


Increasing application of capacitor banks on distribution networks is the direct impact of development of technology and the energy disasters that the world is encountering. To obtain these goals the resources capacity and the installation place are of a crucial importance. Line loss reduction is one of the major benefits of capacitor, amongst many others, when incorporated in the power distribution system. The quantum of the line loss reduction should be exactly known to assess the effectiveness of the distributed generation. In this paper, a new method is proposed to find the optimal and simultaneous place and capacity of these resources to reduce losses, improve voltage profile too the total loss of a practical distribution system is calculated with and without capacitor placement and an index, quantifying the total line loss reduction is proposed. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm, computer simulations are carried out on actual power network of Kerman Province, Iran and the simulation results are presented and discussed.

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The Impact of Top management support and Technology turbulence on E-commerce usage on Hospitality Industry : A case of Libyan hotels[ ]


Hospitality industry is the main service sector in most developed countries and developing countries in the global economy. At present many of the hotels have implemented e-commerce to their business models and gained great advantages and increased profitability. This study aims to examine the impact of top management support and e-commerce usage on business performance of the hospitality industry in general and hotels in Libya in particular. A wide range of approaches have been applied in the hotel industry in Libya, especially those hotels that have the practices and experiences with previous e-commerce. The results shows that small and medium size firms in hospitality industry in Libya are confronting similar challenges and obstacles to other small businesses when utilizing e-commerce .The sample was drawn by using stratified random sampling. Key informant discussions and focus group discussions were conducted to gain further insight into the findings. Descriptive and inferential (Frequencies, Means, Standard Deviation, and Correlation Matrix) statistical analysis were done by using the SPSS software.

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Industrial Engineering Curriculum Resturcturing[ ]


Major improvements were introduced to the curriculum of Bachelor Science (B.Sc.) degree in Industrial Engineering (IE) offered by the Faculty of Engineering at King Abdulaziz University (KAU)

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Experimental Investigation of Crack in Brass Cantilever Beam Using Natural Frequency as Basic Criteria[ ]


The effects of various parameters like crack location, crack depth on the changes in Natural Frequencies of the beam is studied. An experimental setup is designed in which a brass cantilever beam with cracks is excited by a power exciter and accelerometer attached to the beam provides the response. The experimental results of frequencies can be obtained from digital storage oscilloscope (DSO). It is found that, presence of crack in a beam decreases the natural frequency which is more pronounced when the crack is near the fixed support than the free end and the crack depth is more. Then the inverse problem is introduced, as the detection of cracks is very difficult through naked eye and the non-destructive method of detecting cracks which are used is very much costly. Here the first three Natural Frequencies are used to detect the crack depth and location of crack in the beam. The first three natural frequencies were considered as basic criterion for crack detection.

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Adapting ECG Data Stream Mining for Health Care Application[ ]


Heart disease is the most leading cause of death. Electrocardiogram ECG data stream signal plays a vital role in the diagnosis of heart related problems. ECG is very sensitive in nature and even if small amount of noise interferes with it, the characteristics of the signal change. The ECG must be clearly represented and filtered to remove all noise and artifacts from the signal. The main objective of the processing of ECG signal is to provide us the accurate, fast and reliable information of clinically important parameters like duration of QRS complex, the R-R interval, occurrence, amplitude and duration of P, R and T waves. Recently, numerous research and techniques have been developed for analyzing the ECG signal. Schemes were mostly based on Fuzzy Logic Methods, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and other Signal Analysis techniques. The proposed paper uses FIR filter and Wavelet Decomposition to preprocess and filter the ECG signal to overcome from concept drift and fuzzy based ensemble classification for analyzing the ECG signal.

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Dynamic Knowledge Consolidation & Management Using ICT: The Case Of Jamb Review Questions On English Language In Nigeria[ ]


Government and major stakeholders in the education sector of the country have expressed great concern over the degree and dimension of poor performance in qualifying examinations among Nigerian students, especially those in secondary schools. Statistics has shown an increasing trend in the percentage of failure recorded in the key subject like English for such examinations as May/June West African Exanimations Council (WAEC), the National Examination Council (NECO) Senior Secondary School Examinations and Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME). In addition, the growing necessity and benefits of applying multimedia and electronic medium in education motivated this research. This work seeks to provide ICT driven platform for dynamically accessing consolidated knowledge in a given subject – English language vocabulary for JAMB examination preparation. A knowledge base was built comprising a compilation of the tested words in JAMB examinations over these years. Following that we developed control database management system that will facilitate dynamic access to the knowledge base. The management software was developed using visual basic programming language and while the knowledge base was implemented using SQL database. This work shall be of great benefit to students preparing for JAMB and other related qualifying examinations where English Language vocabulary is tested.

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A SIR Epidemic Model for HIV/AIDS Infection[ ]


In this article, we survey the stability analysis and the basic reproduction number that are significant concepts for the development of HIV/AIDS mathematical models. Furthermore, we developed a model to confirm the endemicity of the disease by using the basic reproduction number as a basis.

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Peer to Peer File Sharing System[ ]


Peer to Peer file sharing systems are discussed in a lot of academic research. Many Peer to Peer applications are available which work on the computer and mobile, such as Gnutella, Napster, Bittorent, and SymTorrent. File sharing causes a lot of the traffic on the network, thus some of the technology is used to reduce the traffic and find the files easily. Mobile devices are becoming multifunctional, so why not create a peer-to-peer file sharing system between the mobile devices.

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Multi Agent System For cloud Service with Fidelity[ ]


Cloud computing is a virtualization concept, which provides large amounts of on-demand computation power, such as computing, storage and software. all these kind of on-demands computation power provided by commercial service providers such as Amazon, Google, Microsoft, etc. when an organization or a client using the cloud service, some time they need to face some unpredictable resource requirement and need to access another service based on the new requirement. but selecting a new service from the cloud is not a simple task because the users need to assure that the selected service can achieve our requirement and the selected service should be a secure one. In this system we use a reputation aware software service which is a self-adaptive and a feedback mechanism is used to ensure the trustworthiness of services. Thus the client will get appropriate service based on the Qos requirement along with trust, quality, cost, and trust.

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Effect of Low Voltage on Surface Morphology and Electric Properties of Porous Alumina Prepared by One Step Anodizing at Room Temperature[ ]


Nanoporous anodic alumina (AAO) was fabricated using one-step anodizing at room temperature and low voltage. All specimens were potentiostaticaly anodized at 5 V for 20 minutes in phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Morphology of the AAO layers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By anodizing at 20% (by vol.) phosphoric acid, a uniform porous structure with nearly parallel cylindrical pores, ~200 nanometers wide, were detected. The thickness of the porous layer was higher than the barrier layer. The electrochemical impedance test (EIS), using 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, confirmed the presence of a multi layers structure of a barrier layer and a porous layer with the highest resistance value (365.1 kO). Using AC impedance technique (IS), samples anodized in 20% (by vol.) phosphoric acid, proved to have the highest electrical resistance (26 kO), reflecting a porous structure formation. The mechanism of pores formation as well as electrical conductivity is to be discussed.

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