Volume 7, Issue 10, October 2016 Edition


Publication for Volume 7, Issue 10, October 2016.

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A non-blind multiple transform based audio watermarking based on highest entropy sub-bands[ ]


With the rapid development of technology, digital format of information has become very popular in the recent era. People are tending more and more towards the use of mobile phones, laptops, computers etc. But the problem comes when fraudulent attacks are done on this digital data. So the concept of digital watermarking comes to protect these data. The holder of the digital content can hide some kind of information into the signal and can claim his ownership after the attacks. In this paper a robust and efficient watermarking algorithm is presented ensuring the copyright protection of the digital data. In digital audio watermarking some information is hidden into an audio file in a way such that it is transparent to the human ears as well as resistant against the removal of the hidden data from the audio. The possible usage of this is copyright protection, temper proofing of any multimedia file etc. In this algorithm a specific synchronization code followed by a binary image is inserted into highest entropy sub-bands of each frame of the host audio. Synchronization codes are generated by comparing the energy values of each sub-band to its subsequent one for a particular frame. The watermarked audio is indistinguishable from the host audio and thus it ensures the imperceptibility. The performance evaluation is done in terms of BER, Normalized Correlation (NC) and SNR values. Experimental results show that this scheme is robust against common signal processing attacks like noise addition, re-sampling, re-quantization, lowpass filtering, MP3 compression etc. and it can also resist some of the de-synchronization attacks like cropping.

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SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING CHEMISTRY[ ]


The study was designed to examine the perception of chemistry teachers on the factors affecting the effective utilization of ICT in teaching and learning of chemistry in Kogi State. The sample for the study consists of one hundred and five (105) chemistry teachers randomly selected from two hundred and sixty-two (262) public senior secondary schools in Kogi State through purposive random sampling technique. A 16 – item questionnaire (r=0.88) was developed, validated and used by the researcher to collect data. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t – test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 alpha level. The results showed that chemistry teachers had the perceptions that factors such as lack of training and motivation of teachers, lack of technical support staff, and lack of funds among others affect their effective utilization of ICT in teaching chemistry. It was found that there was no significant difference between male and female chemistry teachers’ mean perception scores on the factors affecting effective utilization of ICT in teaching and learning chemistry. Therefore, it was recommended that more funds should be provided to schools to tackle the identified problems and chemistry teachers should be more committed to the use of ICT in teaching and learning chemistry.

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Optimization of wire EDM parameters of HOT DIE STEEL-13 by Taguchi method[ ]


The demands of high surface finish and machining of complex shape geometries, conventional machining process are now being replaced by non-conventional machining processes. Wire EDM is one of the non- conventional machining processes. MRR and Surface roughness are of crucial importance in the field of machining processes. This paper summarizes Taguchi optimization technique to optimize the cutting parameters in Wire EDM for Hot Die Steel- 13. The aim of optimization is to attain the maximum MRR and minimum surface roughness. In this present study Hot Die Steel 13 is used as a work piece, brass wire of 0.25mm diameter used as a tool and distilled water is used as dielectric fluid. The experiment is conduct to Wire EDM set up of RATNAPARKHI ELECTRONICA INDIA PVT LIMITED with L9 orthogonal array has been used. The input parameters as pulse on time, pulse off time and feed rate selected for optimization. Dielectric fluid pressure, wire speed, wire tension and resistance taken as fixed parameters. The optimal value is obtained for surface roughness and MRR by using Taguchi optimization technique, optimized value is obtained separately. Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also useful to identify the most important factor.

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EFFECTS OF COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION ON JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN BASIC SCIENCE[ ]


This study explored the effects of computer assisted instruction as a teaching strategy on junior secondary school students’ achievement in Basic Science. Quasi-experimental design was used for the study. Two co-educational schools were drawn for the study through simple random sampling technique. One school was assigned to the treatment group while the other was assigned to the control group through a simple toss of the coin. Basic Science Achievement Test (BSAT) with a reliability score of 0.75 was the instruments used to collect data. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The data for the research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation, while the hypotheses were tested using the analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at an alpha level of 0.05. The findings of the study revealed that computer assisted instruction as a method of teaching enhanced higher students’ achievement in Basic Science than the conventional method. Based on the findings the researchers made some recommendations.

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CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN EFFECTIVE SOFTWARE PROJECT DEVELOPMENT[ ]


In software engineering, it is vital to think about the key components for a powerful programming advancement. Before, implementing the software some milestones are decided in according with the software development model being followed. And also the problem is divided into chunks to solve it more effectively, and the phases are carried out for a successful software development. In contrary to sit there is some critical success factors involved in an effective software development. These factors are discussed and studied deeply in order to maintain the effectiveness and the efficiency of the software development. Those factors play an important role in an effective software development. As these critical success factors affects the whole software development that is why it is very important to research on them. In software engineering, systematic software development (also known as systematic development of the system, and the life cycle of programming advancement, programming advancement process, programming procedure) is the division of work and the development of software in different stages (or phases) that contain the activities with a view to better planning and management. Although there have been studies performed on the critical success factors of software projects. This research will offer the study of literature and the wide range of critical success factors that have the effect on software projects. It will draw up a list of important factors that specifically affect the success of software projects. This exploration will distinguish achievement elements, programming improvement steps, and execution strategies basic to a fruitful usage.

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TOXICITY OF PARAQUAT ON FRESHWATER FINGERLINGS OF Labeo rohita (Hamilton)[ ]


Paraquat is registered and sold under different trade names in market over the last 64 years for agricultural to control unwanted plant and weeds. Paraquat has been banned in 32 highly acutely toxic and enter the body mainly by swallowing or through damaged skin, but also be enhanced thousands of death have accounted from ingestion, often suicide or dermal exposure to paraquat. The point of view concerning morphological changes acute and sub lethal toxicity of paraquat to fingerlings of labeo rohita mean weight of 6-8 g and length of 8-10cm were investigated under laboratory condition. Exposure paraquat shows in 96 hours LC50 was 25.71mg/L the toxicant leads to initial increase in the opercula ventilation rat which then decreased below the status by the end of 96 hours. Restlessness, immobilization, loss of balance and air gulping impaired equilibrium, erratic swimming, changes in orientation locomotion and convulsion were commonly observed before death during the acute bioassay. This results of the present study indicate the paraquat is highly toxic to the fingerlings of Labeo rohita. The use of paraquat should be strongly controlled and carefully monitored to eradicate from marketing areas and production areas to avoid the possible damage to environment and animals..

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Data Mining for Social Media Analysis:Using Twitter to Predict the 2016 US Presidential Election[ ]


Social media is a social platform that is made up of people who are connected by several interdependencies. Social media has changed the nature of information in terms of availability, importance and volume. Through social media like Twitter and Facebook, participants reveal personal information that has real values, as they can be extracted and mined to improve decision making. In this paper, a small sized data was extracted from twitter and analysed using a data mining classification algorithm known as sentiment analysis (also referred to as opinion extraction, opinion mining, sentiment mining and subjective analysis). Sentiment analysis is a technique used by several researchers to measure the emotions of social media participants in online text, in our case it was used to determine the opinion of people or participants towards the 2016 US presidential candidates. Whereas data mining is the technique of discovering and extracting useful information from large data sets or databases. Additionally, the result of the analysis was used to predict the outcome of the aforementioned election.

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Life Cycle Assessment of Muncipal Sold Waste Management System in Kathmandu Metropolitan City[ ]


The study was focused on the life cycle assessment of the municipal solid waste management of Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC). One ton of waste was taken as a functional unit to compare different scenarios. Scenario 1: business as usual includes collection, transport and landfilling, Scenario 2: energy recovery with recycling and Scenario 3: conjunctive disposal system comprising of composting and landfilling. The life cycle inventory was developed that includes detail unit process and has quantified values of various resources and emissions to environment were calculated as Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP) and Fuel Energy Consumption (FEC). GWP, AP, EP and FEC were calculated for the each scenario and compared in kg equivalents per tones of waste managed in landfill. The GWP for scenario 1 was approximately 3 times more than GWP for scenario 3, while the AP, EP and the FEC was almost same as GWP. In accordance with the results, scenario 3 was found to be the option with minimum environmental impacts (less GWP, AP, EP) and cheap in case of fuel consumption cost. The result is influenced more due to higher composition of organic waste that can be composted and the GWP can be controlled by it. The final results obtain from this study can be applied for the integrated solid waste management system as an environmental tool.

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Use of Steel Fibers as Reinforcement in Fiber Reinforced Concrete[ ]


In now a days construction practice, repair and rehabilitation of structures has taken a famous role. Mortar plays a important part in these works. As the flow ability of mortar can be an added lead when inaccessibility comes into picture like in case of congested reinforcement or narrow cracks or fissures. Due to the application easiness and mechanical advantages, Self Compacting Mortar is preferred for repair purposes especially in reinforced concrete structures these days. The cement as well as the ingredients of the paste, mineral admixtures (pozzolanic or inert nature) and plasticizing chemical admixtures should be cautioned, chosen in order to obtain a suitable paste composition to enrich the granular composition of the mix. There is no universally accepted agreement on the effect of these factors due to the complexity of combined action; thus, it is hard to make a generalization.

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Prosocial Motivation across culture: What does it imply for organizations?[ ]


In today’s organizational context studying prosocial motivation or ‘the desire to help another’ is important in order to understand human motivation as well as to improve the productivity of individuals. Recent trends show increased focus on employee satisfaction, and job satisfaction leads to greater productivity and employee retention. The workplace today is grappling with complexities arising out of gender diversity and cultural diversity. As the workplace becomes increasingly global it is important for the management to understand differences in employee motivation arising out of cultural and environmental factors. Advancement in technology and communications has made the world a smaller place. Several global and multinational organizations have teams or groups consisting of individual’s from different cultural backgrounds. The question that arises is do these individuals have varying external and internal motivations and are these differences culture specific?

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Contribution to the solid transport study of the lower Guir watershed , South-West of Algeria[ ]


Water is the only wealth which cannot be dispensed through the ages, because it is the source of creatures life, each state seeks to find different ways to best use this resource, dams are among the most important ways to achieve this goal. But the danger which threatens the dam is the risk of siltation by the phenomenon of erosion by rainwater and wind. The Igli dam will form a huge source for the region of Saoura in its implementation because it is located in the confluence point between Zousfana’s river in the East and Guir’s river in the West, but the feasibility study which was established for this dam in 2009, warned of the risk of siltation in the dam’s reservoir, our study is to estimate the amount of soil loss in the watershed of lower Guir to determine the degree of participation of this watershed in the siltation of eventual dam’s reservoir.

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Performance Analysis of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic-Wind-Diesel Power System[ ]


For consumers in the remote areas that are not served by grid electricity, diesel generators are the most choice for electrical supply. As a result, plenty of servicing and maintenance needed to be done onto these diesel generators. But whereas most of these stand-alone systems are still based on fossil fuel power production, the use of renewable energy within these systems is growing as a consequence of rising fuel prices and environmental concerns. The integration of PV system based on storage in batteries (in form of chemical energy) is considered as a promising solution to overcome the limitations associated with the intermittency of renewable sources. This paper is aimed to modeling of hybrid (Diesel, solar and wind) for power generation using HOMER simulation software. This paper presents a comparison between using diesel plus wind turbine and using diesel plus PV array for small village in Red Sea, Egypt.

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Bioelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Organic Compounds[ ]


The present study demonstrates bioelectrochemical reduction of inorganic carbon dioxide to organic compounds using SporomusaOvata in a tube shaped bioelectrochemical cell (BEC). Among biosynthesized products acetate, ethanol, n-butyric acid and iso-pentanoic acid, 142.9 mg/L of acetate produced in 72 hours. This increase in acetate yield is attributed to improved parameters adopted during reactor design. Average bioelectrochemical acetate synthesis rate was found to be 1.3±0.67mgL-1h-1. Cyclic voltameteric study confirmed redox activity of S.Ovata on poised biocathode. The percentage electron recovery as total organic compounds is found to be in the range of 84± 13% to 65± 11%. The second major product is ethanol, formed by the conversion of acetaldehyde into ethanol. The presence of ethanol assumed to be due to electro activity and metabolic shift from acetate to ethanol in the biochemical-producing S.Ovata in BEC. The current research opens up the prospects of improving processes for bioelectrosynthesis of electron dense organic compounds from renewable energiesand waste greenhouse gases instead of synthesizing them from non-renewable and energy rich compounds.

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Vehicle Position And Break-Down Tracking Using Anonymous Signal Transmission Over A Secure Channel[ ]


Tracking vehicles in a large vehicular network is a vital area of focus today. Departments like traffic regulation bodies, police authorities, and other government agencies are very interested in a service that can provide them with the live vehicle position information as that knowledge can be applied in various applications like criminal run out situations or traffic rule violation regulation and many others. But such information that has to be transmitted from the vehicle itself shall be reliable by being tamper proof and also not be available to anti-social elements as that instead of solving the situation spoils it.Thus we propose a system Anonymous Signal Transmission where both secrecy and reliability are merged to their optimum mixture by being pretty scalable to the size of the network.

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Leveraging COBIT 5 in Strategic Information Systems Planning: A Case Study from the Nigerian Pharmaceutical Industry[ ]


The role of Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) in healthcare necessitates a formal process of defining and updating the Information Systems Strategy (ISS). SISP enables the identification of a portfolio of computer-based applications for the execution of business plans and realization of business goals. This paper presents a process- and practiced-based approach to SISP at a pharmaceutical organization in Nigeria. We describe a five-phased sequential COBIT 5(Control Objectives for IT and Related Technologies)-based process that plans for IS planning, analyzes the current environment, conceives strategy alternatives, selects strategy, and plans for strategy implementation. Various COBIT 5 tools and approaches were employed including COBIT 5 generic enterprise goals, generic IT-related goals, RACI charts, questions on governance and management of IT, implementation life cycle, and the Val IT business case template. The process was informed by findings from a structured approach to the review of the SISP process. Process concerns identified in six dimensions suggested application of a good practice framework. COBIT 5 has been applied in the healthcare and related industry in many areas but has not found application in SISP. Application of COBIT 5 in Nigerian Pharmaceutical Company (NPC) would be beneficial to pharmaceutical organizations engaging in similar effort in the future. Such application has implications for both researchers and practitioners.

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HIGH PRESSURE AND CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE[ ]


Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls as the heart pumps out blood, and high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is an increase in the amount of force that blood places on blood vessels as it moves through the body. Factors that can increase this force include higher blood volume due to extra fluid in the blood and blood vessels that are narrow, stiff, or clogged. Blood pressure test results are written with two numbers separated by a slash. For example, a health care provider will write a blood pressure result as 120/80. A health care provider will say this blood pressure result as “120 over 80.” The top number is called the systolic pressure and represents the pressure as the heart beats and pushes blood through the blood vessels. The bottom number is called the diastolic pressure and represents the pressure as blood vessels relax between heartbeats.Most people without chronic health conditions have a normal blood pressure if it stays below 120/80. Prehypertension is a systolic pressure of 120 to 139 or a diastolic pressure of 80 to 89. High blood pressure is a systolic pressure of 140 or above or a diastolic pressure of 90 or above. Have their blood pressure checked. People should talk with their health care provider about their individual blood pressure goals and how often they should.Hypertension and hypertension(HTA)-associated ESRD are epidemic in society.

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Utilization of Coir Fiber as a Component Material in Concrete Floor Tiles[ ]


This study was conducted to utilize coco coir fiber as a component material in concrete floor tiles. As technology innovation, the compressive strength tests of the concrete floor tiles after 14 days curing period was taken to determine the maximum amount of compressive axial force the material can withstand without failure using a Universal Testing machine. Coco coir fibers were air-dried and shredded, segregated and cut into a maximum length of ten millimeters (10mm) to prevent these from bending during the mixing process. Statistical results showed that the use of coco coir fiber as a component material significantly affected the compressive strength of concrete floor tiles. The tiles using mixture A (control/or without coir fiber) had a lower compressive strength compared to the concrete floor tiles using the mixture B (with coir fiber) which resulted to a higher compressive strength, but both passed the standards set by the American Society for Testing and Materials. With all these results, it is highly proposed and recommended that a ready–cut and ready-packed coco coir fiber be available in the market for use as a component material of Concrete Floor Tiles; and the use of concrete mixer for proper mixing and workability.

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Transient Heat Transfer Flow along a Vertical Plate with Induced Magnetic Field[ ]


In the field of geophysical and astrophysical engineering, the thermal instability in nature, in chemical processes, in separation processes and in industrial applications the effect of thermal diffusion on the MHD heat transfer in an unsteady flow past through vertical plate is very much important. It has been investigated numerically under the action of a strong applied magnetic field taking into account the induced magnetic field. This study is performed for cooling problem with lighter and heavier particles. Numerical solutions for the velocity field, induced magnetic field and temperature distribution are obtained for associated parameters using the explicit finite difference method. The obtained results are discussed with the help of graphs using Fortran programming as well as Techplot to observe the effects of various parameters on the above mentioned quantities.Finally, the important findings of the investigation are concluded.

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