Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2015 Edition

Publication for Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2015.

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DESIGN OF A LOW COST VIDEO CAPTURING VEHICLE[ ]


The Video Capturing Vehicle (VCV) is a robotic device that can produce live video feeds with both automated ground mobility and a simulated flight control. The control of the robotic vehicle is achieved using Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) technique. The VCV is controlled by a Remote Control System which consists of a computer system and the built USB interfaced control device. Software was developed to capture video feed and send control signals to the USB control device. The robotic vehicle consists of an FM receiver, a DTMF decoding circuit, a microcontroller circuit board and an Internet Protocol (IP) camera. The robot while moving, simultaneously captures video feeds using an IP camera attached to it and sends captured video feeds via Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) to which the PC at the RCS is initially connected to. The received video feed is displayed on the GUI. The video capturing vehicle can be used for several purposes like surveillance (for security reasons), viewing of human inaccessible area, experimentation (monitoring a health hazardous experiment remotely), among others.

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Determination of crystallization tendency and level of HMF in Albanian honey products.[ ]


Some attention will be given to the technologically important subject of honey crystallization, which is the precipitation of glucose from honey. The major problem resulting from glucose crystallization that the resulting increased moisture content of the liquid phase allows yeast cells, which occurs naturally in honey to multiply and fermentation to proceed. The major components of floral honey are fructose, glucose and water, averaging 38.2, 31.3, and 17.2%. Glucose and fructose are the only monosaccharides in honey and it is these sugars, combined in various forms that comprise the di-and trisaccharides fractions of floral honey. Several of these occur only rarely in nature and the trisaccharide erlose, produced by the action of honey-bee invertase on sucrose, was first discovered as a component of honey. Honeydew honey is produced by the honeybee from honeydew deposits left by various hemipterous insects on their host plant. Honeydew contais a more complex mixture of sugars than does nectar and honeydew honey is appreciably higher in reducing disaccharides and higher sugars than is floral honey. The trisaccharide melizitose, not found in floral honey, is often present in levels exceeding 10% in honeydew honey. The precipitation of glucose from honey, termed granulation, is often technologically undesirable as it is sometimes followed by fermentation. Indices such as the glucose/water ratio have been used to predict granulation tendency. Small amounts of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) occur naturally in honey, resulting from the acid catalysed dehydration of hexoses, particularly fructose. High levels of HMF suggest adulteration of honey with acid invered syrup and several methods are available for its determination. The conversion of nectar and honeydew to the complex array of honey sugars by the honeybee involves a variety of chemical and biochemical processes.

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Design and Implementation of a New Multilevel Inverter Reverse Voltage Topology[ ]


In this paper a new topology with a reversing voltage component is proposed which will improve the multilevel performance by compensating the disadvantages of increased number of components, complex pulse width modulation control method and voltage balancing problem. This topology requires fewer components compared to existing inverter topologies (particularly in higher levels) and requires fewer carrier signals and gate drives. Therefore, the overall cost and complexity are greatly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. This paper describes the general multilevel inverter schematic. A general method of multilevel modulation phase disposition (PD) SPWM is utilized to drive the inverter and can be extended to any number of voltage levels. The simulation of a seven level multilevel inverter using proposed topology is also presented here.

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DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF LATERITIC SANDCRETE CUBES[ ]


This paper presents the determination of compressive strength of lateritic sandcrete cubes. In the course of the study we investigated the suitability of laterite as a partial replacement of sand, and specifically seek to determine whether lateritic sandcrete cubes would satisfy the minimum compressive strength requirement of Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS 87:2007) for load bearing blocks for use in sandcrete blocks. This strength is 3.45N/mm². Potable water was used for this work and Dangote brand of Ordinary Portland Cement was used as binder. Various combinations of Laterite and sand were used. The least cement content of all the mixes is 10% of dry mass. Compressive cube strength and saturated surface dry (SSD) bulk density tests were conducted. Batching was by weight. Twenty-five mix ratios comprising of cement: laterite: sand were used. A total of 100 standard 150 mm x 150mm x 150mm lateritic sandcrete cubes were cast, cured for 28 days, weighed and crushed. The method of casting was the same as the method of casting traditional sandcrete blocks. The results show that the average SSD density of the lateritic sandcrete cubes are approximately 2334.97 Kg/m³, a value higher than the average value of 1983Kg/m³ conventional sandcrete blocks. Also, all mix ratios had compressive cube strengths higher than 3.45N/mm². Therefore, laterite could be used as part of fine aggregate for making sandcrete blocks. More so, since lateritic sandcrete cubes has a higher compressive strength than the minimum standard, it could be used as load bearing blocks in building construction. However, the cement content should not be less than 10% of dry mass.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF HAND WASHING AMONG BASIC SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SUNYANI TOWNSHIP(A CASE STUDY AT LAWRENCE DEMONSTRATION SCHOOL)[ ]


Elementary school –age children are particularly vulnerable to infections. While hand washing is the best method of preventing infections, many elementary schools are housed in buildings that have barriers to effective hand hygiene. Most childhood illnesses, diseases and deaths are caused by the use of unsafe water for drinking and hand washing. Improving water supply and hygienic benefits are the health of the school child in the sense that, it directly reduces diseases and indirectly improves the child’s prospects in his educational endeavour. (Lopez, 2008).

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Extraction of Blood Vessels and Exudates from Retinal Images using Image processing algorithm[ ]


The diabetic retinopathy disease spreads diabetes on the retina vessels thus they lose blood supply that causes blindness in short time, so early detection of diabetes prevents blindness in more than 50% of cases The retinal image diagnosis is an important methodology for diabetic retinopathy detection and analysis. In this paper the algorithm improved median filter is compared and further feature extraction of blood vessels and exudates is done by kirsch algorithm and fuzzy clustering algorithm. the proposed system consists of three stages-first is preprocessing of retinal image using improved median filtering, second stage feature extraction of blood vessel using kirsch edge detection algorithm which will not only detect the edge and also the direction of edge and third stage is feature extraction of Exudates. Simulation using mat lab were done using a set of images and have been proved that the algorithm holds good for all the images, blood vessels and exudates can be detected effectively. This results will give the mild and moderate stage of severity in diabetic.

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Facial anthropometry: a tool for quantitative evaluation in patients with peripheral facial paralysis.[ ]


Introduction: Peripheral facial palsy (PFP) is the most frequent facial asymmetry worldwide. Objective: evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the facial asymmetry method in the patients with PFP using digital clinical photographs of the face as well as CorelDraw Graphic Suite ver. 12.0 imaging software. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative study, including 46 people, 23 with PFP and 23 controls. Both groups were evaluated the facial asymmetry method. Results: The control group, had normal distribution with the exception of resting position, which resulted higher in men, with an average of 2.29 ± 0.53 vs. 1.72 ± 0.80 and women (p = 0.05), no significant differences were exhibited according to gender. The facial asymmetry method obtained an average of sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 85.3% PPV (Positive predictive value) of 85.5% and NPV (Negative predictive value) of 87.4%. Conclusion:The facial asymmetry method describes quantitatively and with high sensitivity and specificity small variations of facial asymmetry. This would aid the Rehabilitation Physician in designing a specific rehabilitation therapy for each patient in an objective manner, emphasizing the most affected facial area.

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Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the adsorption of cobalt on the beet pulp[ ]


In this work, we have valorized the beet pulp (BP) in the removing of metal ions Co2+ from aqueous solutions. The kinetic study shows that the extraction equilibrium of Co2+ ions by the BP is reached after 80 min and the extraction process is expressed by the second-order kinetic. The effect of the concentration of Co2+ and the initial pH on the removal efficiency shows that the binding capacity increases with increase in the pHi and the concentration of metal ions. The thermodynamic and mathematical modeling study of the adsorption of Co2+ ions on the BP, shows that the adsorption process is favorable and chemisorption. The negative values of ΔG0 show that the adsorption process occurs spontaneously and the positive values of ΔH0 show that the process is endothermic. Also the positive values of ΔS0 indicate increasing the randomness at the solid / liquid interface during the adsorption of Co2+ ions on the PB.

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Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Concrete Component of an Existing Building[ ]


In this paper, the result of probabilistic risk assessment of an existing building is reported. A beta distribution model was the method invoked in the reliability estimation. The parameters used in the risk assessment were obtained from the Schmidt hammer test carried out on the Laboratory Block at College of Continuing Education, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The strength parameters used as the basic variable were assumed to be random and stochastic. The reliability value after assessment was found to be 83.937% which is less than the target value of 99.998% for slabs, 99.999% for beams in flexure, 99.984% for beams in shear and 99.995% for columns under dead and live load combination. Also, the coefficient of variation of the basic variable (strength) was found to be 0.526 which is far above the recommended values of 0.10 and 0.15 for on-site compressive strength less than 28N/mm2 for control cylinders and cubes showing that the structure does not show promise of satisfactory performance in service and can lead to serious accident which may result in injuries, fatalities and damage of properties in the event of collapse.

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Specific energy based characterisation of tool wear in mechanical machining processes[ ]


The global trend for energy consumption as a foundational requirement for economic and social development is an increasing one. Electricity consumption is proportional to the CO2 emitted at the process level and especially for machining processes. The electrical energy demand during machining can be categorized and modelled as basic energy (energy demand by the machine tool while operating at zero load) and tip energy (energy for actual material removal – cutting). The tool tip energy is evaluated from the specific cutting energy. At present limited data exists with regards to the key parameters required for modelling the tip energy. Previous studies and data for specific energy were based on the normalisation of the total energy demand with the material removal rate and have not investigated the effect of tool wear. In this work, the impact of tool wear on the specific energy coefficients in machining were studied and modelled. Cutting tests were performed and tool wear and tool life based on the specific energy coefficient for each wear land value were evaluated. The study has for the first time provided data on the variation of specific cutting energy for higher tool wear lands and presents vital sensitivity analysis. With longer cutting time, tool wear increases which leads to higher specific cutting energy and energy consumption during machining. The specific energy coefficient increased by up to 50% when turning EN8 steel alloy between 2 and 10 passes. This knowledge is vital information for process planners and could enable energy estimates to be more accurate and realistic with regards to capturing the impact of tool wear.

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SOFTWARE AS A MODEL FOR SECURITY IN CLOUD OVER VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS[ ]


Cloud computing is becoming increasingly important for provision of services and storage of data in the Internet. An effective firewall security has been implemented for blocking and filtering the unwanted requests coming from the clients before the request approach to the virtual machine. Security issues in cloud concerns and mainly associated with security issue faced by cloud service providers and the service issues faced by customers. Security issues in cloud concerns and mainly associated with security issues faced by cloud service providers and the service issues faced by the cloud customers. In the proposed system, an effective firewall security has been implemented for blocking and filtering the unwanted requests coming from the clients before the request approach the virtual machine. However there are several significant challenges in securing cloud infrastructures from different types of attacks. The focus of this paper is on the security services that a cloud provider can offer as part of its infrastructure to its customers (tenants) to counteract these attacks. Our main contribution is a security architecture that provides a flexible security as a service model that a cloud provider can offer to its tenants and customers of its tenants. Our security as a service model while offering a baseline security to the provider to protect its own cloud infrastructure also provides flexibility to tenants to have additional security functionalities that suit their security requirements.

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STRUCTURAL AND DIELECTRIC STUDIES OF GADOLINIUM SUBSTITUTED NICKEL FERRITE NANOPARTICLES[ ]


Nanoparticles NiFe2-xGdxO4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) ferrite was prepared by solgel combution method. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction and SEM measurements. The effect of Gd3+ cations substitution on structure of prepared nanoparticles was investigated. From the analysis, the system was found to be inverse spinel cubic structure. The lattice parameter (a) changes increases with Gd doping content. . Room temperature DC electrical resistivity decreases .Dielectric properties have been studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Permittivity and tangent loss (tanδ) decreases with the substitution of Gd3+ in parent crystal structure.

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Study design edge filter using synthesis needle technique[ ]


This study demonstrated design edge filter of long and short- wave pass for mid IR region using needle approach as synthesis method. This approach gave new design stacks of edge filters with optimal specifications as high transmittance, wide stopband, wide passband , sharper edge, and reduced the ripples in passband. Results appear that problem for design (SWP) filter are solved and gave zero transmittance in stopband by using a fewer layers .Also this paper shows design (LWP)with optimal optical performance.

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The semi-annual variations of the bio-available heavy metals and natural radionuclides in Timsah Lake sediments, Egypt[ ]


The granulometric characteristics, the bio-available heavy metals and the natural radionuclide activities in the surface sediments were investigated semi-annually in Timsah Lake at the middle district of the Suez Canal, Egypt. The average percentages of mud and fine grained sediments recorded in summer were (4.17% and 33.89%) much higher than in winter (1.43% and 22.70%) attributed to the relatively high dispersing of the fine sediment fractions in winter by wave action and the fine sediments drifting towards Suez Canal. The average carbonate percentage was 19.72% in summer increased to 22.71% in winter, inversely, the average total organic matter (TOM) in summer was 7.52% decreased to 6.32% in winter. The highest averages of the bio-available heavy metals; Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Co, Ni and Fe were; 65.51, 18.06, 27.76, 0.78, 260.64, 4.10, 17.16 and 2087.71µg/g were recorded summer and the highest average activities of 238U, 232Th and 40K were 23.79, 23.72and 221.35Bqkg-1 were recorded in winter. The recoded heavy metals and radionuclides were attributed to multi anthropogenic sources; untreated wastewater drains, agriculture drains, industrial runoff and shipyards. The high values of TOM and bioavailable heavy metals in summer are related to the highest fine sediment percentages, while the radionuclides may tend to associate with the coarse sediments. The significant positive correlations of TOM and Fe with heavy metals and radionuclides indicated to two essential metal phases, one with organic matter in the highly reducing conditions and the other associated and/or adsorbed by Fe-oxides and hydroxide particles in addition to the other independent metal phases. The recorded bioavailable metals are lower than the excepted because of suspended matters and water drift toward Suez Canal dilute the metal accumulation in the lake sediments.

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A SURVEY OF THE NOISE GENERATED BY TIMBER MARKET MACHINES AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS ON THE WORKERS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT, IN CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE.[ ]


This research work focuses on THE SURVEY OF THE NOISE GENERATED BY TIMBER MARKET MACHINES AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS ON THE WORKERS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT IN CALABAR METROPOLIS, CROSS RIVER STATE. Acoustical and physical measurements were made using a sound level meter and a real time frequency analyzer. Social survey and attitudinal response characteristic of the industrial workers to the industrial noise were determined by means of interviews and questionnaires. The results showed that A-weighted sound levels produced by the woodworking machines with the meter at 1m away from the machines were 100.1 dBA, 99.2 dBA, 100.4 dBA, 100.5 dBA and 90 dBA for Band saw, Table saw, Plainer, Spindle/Curving machines and Drilling machines respectively. Generally the subjective results in the industry shows that 305 out of 505 respondents, representing over 60 percent, are exposed to the noise for 9 hours and above per day. 380 out of 530, representing 72 percent of the respondents are exposed for 6 days and above per week while 66 percent of them, that is, a total of 355 out of 535 respondents, have been exposed to the noise for more than ten years. Looking at the hourly, daily and yearly exposure results mentioned above and considering the noise levels in the markets which far exceeds the industrial Occupation Safety and Health Act (OSHA) permissible level of 90 dBA for an exposure time of 8 hours and 5 days a week, it can be concluded that workers who fall within these exposure time period in these high noise level generating industries have hearing impairments.

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An Experimental Investigation of Red Soil Based Geopolymer Mortar Without Portland cement[ ]


Vast using of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) for construction purpose caused pollution to the global environment as production of OPC released the significant amount of CO2 to the environment. So now a days it is essential to reduce the global carbon dioxide which is encouraged to the researchers to search an eco-friendly alternative material for sustainable construction. One of these alternative materials for this type of construction is Geopolymer based construction materials such as mortar, concrete and bricks, those are having 100% cement less and increasing popularity towards the sustainable development. This Geopolymer based mortar or concrete can be produced from mineral admixtures, such as fly ash, clay, red mud, ground granulated blast furnace slag, meta-kaolin and silica fume, with user-friendly alkaline-reagents. In this investigation red soil based mortar is described as this is locally available greener and low cost material compared to OPC mortar. This paper is showing the possible application of red soil based Geopolymer mortar in construction industry and to find out its compressive strength, chemical durability, sorptivity, coefficient of water absorption, elevated temperature study, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption and porosity with different molarity and percentage of binder. Moreover composition and microstructure of red soil were characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM and EDAX as well.

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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PATTERN OF NASOPHARYNGEAL MALIGNANCY IN LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL (LUTH), LAGOS NIGERIA[ ]


It has been noticed that Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is now found to be increasing in incidence in Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence, histologic types, age and sex distribution of nasopharyngeal cancer in our centre.

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