Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2015 Edition

Publication for Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2015.

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Lean Six Sigma Approach to Improve the Admissions Process for a Nigerian HE Institute[ ]


Lean as a management paradigm has been applied extensively in manufacturing industries, and so little has been done in the area of its studies and application in managing affairs in education

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Two Interacting Strike Slip Faults in a Viscoelastic Half Space Under Increasing Tectonic Forces[ ]


Two interacting inclined strike slip faults are considered in a viscoelastic half space under the action of tectonic forces which increases with time. Tectonic forces generated due to mantle convection and other related phenomena have been the main driving forces for the movement of Lithospheric plates leading to earthquake. It may be noted that during the aseismic period in between two major seismic events, stresses built up gradually due to the action of tectonic forces. It is assumed that the accumulated stress when exceeds a threshold value, a creeping movement across the fault sets in. Analytical expressions for displacement, stresses and strain are being obtained using suitable mathematical techniques, both before and after the fault movement. It is expected that the numerical computation will give us an idea on the rate of stress accumulation in the media under such conditions.

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A Comparative Analysis of DGA Methods For The Incipient Fault Diagnosis in Power Transformer Using ANN Approach[ ]


Assessment of power transformer conditions plays crucial role to prevent incipient fault failures, to achieve reliability, efficiency and to enhance the transformer life period. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) is useful for diagnostic analysis of incipient in power transformers. In this paper a novel method Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is applied to DGA for the interpretation incipient faults in power transformers. Fault interpretation can found to be a problem of multi-class classification. This paper presents ANN approach to DGA for interpretation of incipient faults in power transformers. ANN automatically tune the network parameters, connection weights and bias terms of the neural networks, to achieve the best model based on the proposed evolutionary algorithm, which provides the solution for complex classification problems. The proposed ANN algorithm applied to DGA has been tested by many real fault samples, and its results are compared with conventional DGA methods i.e. Doernenburg Ratios Method, Rogers Ratio method and IEC ratio methods. The result indicates that the proposed approach has remarkable diagnosis accuracy, and with it multiple incipient faults can be classified effectively.

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Analysis for Pakistan`s Export Growth to Great Seven (G7): An Application of CMSA[ ]


In the present day scenario of reductions in tariff levels and non-tariff barriers, rising trade deficit and falling reserves are major economic issues for economies like Pakistan. This paper explores the flaws and causes of rising trade deficit by the use of the Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis for Pakistan. This study is the first contribution to analyse the Exports of Pakistan to Great Seven (G7) through the methodology of CMS. The CMS technique is being used to separate the impact emanating from the world trade effect, the commodity composition effect, the market distribution effect and the competitiveness effect. Panel data will be used for the period 2003 to 2012 (yearly). The study concluded some policy with respect to the current global economic conditions that can increase exports thus increasing foreign exchange for the economy.

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Employer Branding and Intention to Apply by Usage of Social Media in Banking Sector, Pakistan[ ]


The endeavor of this survey was to examine the employer branding and intention to apply in recruitment function perspective to potential applicants. For that, respondents were contributed to survey from different universities who were near to initiate their voca-tions. Taken into account of employer branding and intention to apply, respondents were asked to answer about banking sector of Pakistan. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that intention to apply is central for hale and hearty recruitment and employer branding is positive for intention to apply. In meticulous of direct effect, familiarity and social media positive correlate intention to apply. Furthermore, consistency in efforts of employer branding are proposed for organizations where employer attractiveness plays a role of different signals for individual perspective.

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MODELING AND SIMULATION F DVR WITH MULTI LEVEL INVERTER TO MITIGATING THE SAG, SWELL AND HARMONICS[ ]


The design and implementation of multilevel volta ge source converter based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is dealt with in MATLAB Simulink. The objective of this study is to stabilize the voltage by compensating the sag, swell and harmonics in the system. Cascaded Multilevel Converter based DVR is used for harmonics control.. This work proposes the enhancement of power transfer capability and maintaining unity power factor. Relative Harmonic analysis is also discussed based on the total harmonic distortion (THD) calculations. Now days the use of sensitive electronic equipment has increase which has lead to power quality problems. The various power quality disturbances are transients, interruptions, voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage collapse, harmonics etc. To solve these power quality problems various custom power devices are used. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a custom power device used for the Compensation of voltage sag and swell. Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a non-standard voltage, current or frequency. One of the major problems dealt here is the voltage sag. Dynamic Voltage Restorer provides a cost effective solution for protection of sensitive loads from voltage sags currents, although the applied voltage being sinusoidal. MATLAB/SIMULINK tool is used for evaluating the performance of the proposed control scheme.

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Game-Theoretic Transmit-Power Control in Cognitive Radio with Pareto-Improvement of the Nash Equilibrium[ ]


In implementing cognitive radio networks, transmit-power control is one of the key tasks of the cognitive cycle and plays a big role in carrying out spectrum sharing. In this work the transmit-power control of a CDMA cognitive radio network is modeled as a non-cooperative game-theoretic problem. The Iterative Water-Filling algorithm is implemented using the best response to the previous play in an attempt to arrive at the Nash Equilibrium. The characteristics of the convergence and of the Nash Equilibrium are studied and of special interest is the Pareto-optimality. It is found that the Nash Equilibrium is not Pareto-optimal and a method is proposed and implemented to achieve a power vector which is Pareto-superior to the power vector of the Nash Equilibrium and which yields a higher utility.

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Overview on Literature Survey towards EMG Interpretations Technique in Addition to Several Interdisciplinary Work Related to EMG Interpretations[ ]


This paper presents the overview on literature survey towards the EMG Signal interpretation techniques. The electromyogram is the summation of the motor unit action potentials occurring during contraction measured at a given electrode location. Several investigations assist the relationship between human’s muscles activity and generation of electricity. Electromyography is measuring the electrical signal associated with the activation of the muscle. This may be voluntary or involuntary muscle contraction. The EMG activity of voluntary muscle contractions is related to tension. The functional unit of the muscle contraction is a motor unit, which is comprised of a single alpha motor neuron and all the fibers it enervates. The goal of this paper is the brief literature survey and parametric study of EMG signal & this phenomenon has been explained in the form of EMG interpretation technique. The idea emanated from the innovative and creative articles and objects of different scientists & research work.

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Application of the contingent valuation method to agricultural landscapes in the Central West of Tunisia[ ]


Testing effects of protection of agricultural land is not always statistically significant in the results of the contingent valuation. As the economic analysis of the value of the agricultural landscape is rarely achieved in Tunisia, a developing coutry, this study attempts analyze the effects of conservation of the agricultural landscape in centralwest of Tunisian. To achieve our objective, we applied the contingent valuation method based on an investigation of a representative sample of 320 citizens in the region of Sbiba placed in the Governorate of Kasserine known by its agricultural timbre. The results of this study show that the respondents agreed to pay an amount of high value (117 DT) on average per household per year. This amount varies according to individual characteristics and social concerns. The study illustrates the importance of the agricultural landscape and the interest that the population have allocated to protect agricultural area especially that farming is ranked first economic speculation in the Governorate of Kasserine.

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Beneficial Role of Diazepam in the Histological Alterations of Colon Post Immobilization Stress-Induced in Adult Albino Rats[ ]


The present work was planned to study the histological changes that may occur in the colon of the immobilized-stressed albino rats and the ameliorative role of diazepam injected intraperitoneally with therapeutic dose (0.1 mg/ kg b.w.). Sixty adult male albino rats weighing 110 ± 5g were used and divided equally into 6 groups, group(I) served as control rats; group(II) rats treated with diazepam; group (III) and (IV) served as stressed rats (10 animals / each): in which the rats were immobilized individually for 2 hrs. daily for different durations (5 and 30 days, respectively); groups (V) and (VI) served as immobilized- stressed rats (10 animals /each) for 2 hrs daily for 5and 30 days and treated with diazepam for 30 days, respectively. The results recorded a significant increase in sera cortisol of the stressed-rats for 5 and 30 days. Histological results of colon demonstrated epithelial damage in the form of cytoplasmic vacuolation, pyknotic nuclei and some others were karyolitic. Desquamation of the absorptive columnar cells, detachment of cells from the basement membrane, reduction in number of superficial goblet cells containing mucus and distortion of the crypt architecture were observed. Moreover, fibrosis between crypts and marked leucocytic infiltration in lamina propria were elucidated as well as congestion and dilatation of the blood vessels. Additionally, the increment of collagen fibres in the lamina propria of mucosa and muscularis mucosa of the stressed rats was obviously demonstrated. These alterations were time-depended. Treatment with diazepam resulted in decreased cortisol levels, marked improvement and restoration of the histological changes. The results indicated that diazepam is recommended to be used as a curative drug to improve the disturbances in the colon caused under the effect of stress

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Some Aspects of Software Quality Assurance for Small Projects[ ]


Agile and lightweight software based projects have requirements that are not always easily identified because they are not always well developed and documented in the same way large projects are documented. This work presents some aspects that can be included to improve these projects in a semi-structured approach.

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Software Development[ ]


Software development is a rigorous process used in the creation and maintenance of software. In this paper the systems development lifecycle (SDLC) has been explored as the universal model upon which other models are based. Examples of software crises emerging from software failures and errors have also been discussed in a bid to aid in the appreciation for the need software development lifecycle process. The SDLC phases i.e. planning, analysis, design and implementation are discussed in much detail and the importance of each of this process right from when the software is conceived as an idea by the project sponsor, to when the software is actually installed and used to add value to the organization.

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In Silico Modeling and Characterization of Fas D Protein from Rhodococcus fascians Associated with Pathogenecity[ ]


Rhodococcus fascians infects a wide range of plants, initiating the formation of leafy galls that consist of shoot amplification and shoot growth inhibition.To provoke symptoms, R. fascians strain D188 requires pathogenicity genes that are located on a linear plasmid, pFiD188. The fas genes are essential for virulence and constitute an operon that encodes, among other functions, a cytokinin synthase gene i.e., Fas D. Loss or mutation in Fas D gene lead to a complete loss of pathogenicity. Structural and functional characterization of Fas D of Rhodococcusfascians is of interest while its structure remains unknown. Thus a homology molecular model of Fas D was constructed for gleaning possible structural insights.

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UNIVERSAL POET?...[ ]


This scientific research article focus that the CREATOR OF UNIVERSE shall be considered as “SUPREME POET” who consider created the Universe through “POEM” (Triphthong Mantra). The supreme Poet also be called by name by author as “RAMANUJAM”. Ramanujam shall also mean Supreme God (MEGA VISHUVAN) who created everything through “MOTHER NATURE” (Souls). This scientific research speculated that the Philosophy of Hinduism trinity God BRAHMA, VISHNU, SHIVA shall be considered as supreme God in different Hindu denominations in different phases of time as described as bekw.

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The Effect of Laser Treatment on Seedling Growth of the Invasive Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC[ ]


A commercial use of lasers for weed and invasive plant control, however, require a systematic investigation of the irradiance exposure time of laser beam effect on different plant species, growth stages, etc. In this study, we investigated the impact of laser treatment directed towards the apical meristems of seedlings of the invasive tree Prosopis juliflora at the cotyledon stage. Diode laser source —a 1W, 532nm laser was tested and four different exposure times were applied: 0 (control), 1, 2 and 4h of laser under controlled glasshouse conditions. Root, shoot, seedling length, seedling basal, biomass and seedling survivorship were recorded. The length of shoots and roots were decreased with laser exposure time. Total length of seedling was decreased significantly with laser time varied between 20.0 ± 1.2 cm at control conditions and 12.8 ± 0.6cm at 4 h. Plants rooted at control treatment presented the higher biomass than other laser treatments). Laser exposure time reduced seedling basal. No seedling died at control treatment. Seedling survivorship was very high (93%) for 1 h treatment, showing a tendency to decrease with laser time exposure recording minimum survivorship value (75%) for 4 h treatment. Our results could be useful to control P. juliflora invasion, towards the apical meristems, because a commercial use of lasers to a 1W, 532nm would prevent its growth.

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LOCATION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TOURISM FACILITIES IN ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL, FCT, NIGERIA USING GIS APPROACH[ ]


Tourism is an activity highly dependent on environmental resources. It is also a phenomenon, which in the event of lack of planning and management is likely to erode its environmental base. One of the problems often encountered in the tourism industry is lack of data and a quick update and maintenance of available data. Ineffective management of these spatial information also provide a means by which local governments loose enormous revenue which would have been used to provide the necessary infrastructure which improve the values and living standard of the people in the light of the statutory allocation. Lack of proper management of tourism potentials has made it difficult for Nigeria to be a major tourist attraction in Africa. Therefore this research was aimed at location and spatial analysis of tourism facilities in Abuja municipal area FCT Nigeria using GIS approach. This was achieved through the following objectives: acquisition of base map of study area, point picking of geometric data of tourism facilities using GPS, development of a functional spatial database on tourism facilities and performing various analysis to show the potentials of GIS in analyzing the location of tourism facilities within the study area. The software used included: ArcGIS 9.2, GeoCalc for coordinate conversion and Microsoft word 2007 amongst others. The result of database queries showed the locations of hotel accommodations, relaxation and eating spots, cinemas, banks and churches all located within Abuja municipal area. It was therefore recommended that this study be used as a spatial decision support system for decisions regarding locations of tourism facilities within Abuja municipal area amongst others. .

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POST CONSOLIDATION ANALYSIS OF SERVICE MARKETING MIX AND BANK PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA[ ]


This paper examines the effect of post consolidation analysis of service marketing mix and bank performance in Nigeria using twenty one consolidated banks in Nigeria. Qualitative data were sourced through structured questionnaire. Copies of the questionnaire were administered to the active directors of the twenty one consolidated banks. The questionnaire was administered in the headquarters of the each of the banks and the responses of the questionnaire were ranked with the aid of Likert Scale. While quantitative data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria, statistical bulletin. Mainly, the secondary data sourced for the study are: asset performance figure of the consolidated banks cumulatively. The secondary data from CBN is just for confirmation as regard to growth to support the response provided by the directors of the concerned banks. The study was generally a descriptive research and our method of analysis followed an eclectic approach, qualitative data from primary source were transformed to quantitative data with the use of likert scale, the econometric technique of multiple regression, simple regression, tabulations, and plain description frequency table, simple percentages, and chi-square (X2).were employed to analysis the finding. The findings in this study shows an overall significance of the service marketing variables adopted, although not much effect is seen when a marketing variable is compared with bank performance in isolation of other variables. The coefficient of multiple determinations of about 77% for model formulated showed that the explanatory variables reasonably explained the behavior of the explained variables; the F-statistic results revealed that the model is adequately and significant. Furthermore, the result obtained from Chisquare method shows that chi-square calculated is greater than critical value; X2 calculated > X2 critical, 8.5 > 7.81, thus the decision follow simple rule, we reject null hypothesis and accept the alternative and conclude that there is significant positive relationship between service marketing mix and asset performance of the consolidated banks. It was recommended among others that banks should embark from time to time on market research and often evaluate the different service marketing techniques to access the success and failure of the such strategies in the bank industries. Apart from these banks are advised to be more customers-focused and embrace relationship marketing rather than unwholesome practice that does not add any value to their customers. The study also, encouraged the banks to more proactive on effective management of depositors’ fund.

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T Wave Based Control Algorithm for External Counterpulsation: A New Approach[ ]


External Counterpulsation (ECP) is a non-invasive therapeutic procedure for patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), which is performed in synchronization with the patients’ Electrocardiogram (ECG). This paper discusses a new algorithm developed to control the inflation and deflation of pressure bladders in ECP and also analyzes two other existing control algorithms. The two existing algorithms use the average of R-R Interval as the reference to control ECP functioning; while the newly developed algorithm is based on the detection of T wave end in ECG, which signifies the mechanical action of actual aortic valve closure in the cardiac function. It is emphasized and suggested that control algorithm based on aortic valve closure is more reliable and safe to control ECP functioning, as deflation has to occur well ahead of the opening of aortic valve; so that a lower vascular resistance is created during systole which decreases cardiac workload. The efficiency and reliability of all these three algorithms are also discussed.

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CONDITIONS OF SELECTION BEFORE MARRIAGE[ ]


We want to discuss the genetics of X-linked diseases for the population existing in reality, remembering that the states of abnormal sex-chromosomes are not considered here(Roy,S.).From these equations -why one should be careful before marriage-is discussed.

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Thermal analysis of friction stir welded joint for 304l stainless steel material using ansys Mechanical APDL[ ]


A simple three-dimensional nonlinear thermal and thermomechanical model for friction stir welding (FSW) is presented with the help of ANSYS 14.5. The amount of heat generated between the shoulder and the work piece during friction stir processing dictates the quality of the processed zone. Hence understanding the distribution of heat and obtaining the temperature contours will assist in understanding the general process of friction stir processing. FSW simulation is performed for tool rotational speed on 250 and 400 rpm and they allow partial sliding between the shoulder and the work piece. The numerical analysis presents that the temperature field in the FSW process is symmetrically distributed with respect to the welding line. The main objective is to study the variation of temperature on surface and HAZ in a friction stir welded plate of 304L stainless steel. Boundary conditions in the thermal modeling of process also play a vital role in the final temperature profile. Virtual experimental data of this present study illustrates that peak temperatures are higher on the advancing side than the retreating side during weld process.

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Analytical Modeling for Assessing the Impact of DG on Distribution system Reliability[ ]


Distributed Generation in an electric power distribution system plays an important role in many ways. There are various kinds of DGs with different technologies. Due to clearly defined features of DG a suitable model is needed for reliability evaluation with DGs.In this paper a mathematical approach has been proposed for analyzing the effect of DG on reliability of electrical distribution networks. The proposed approach is based on conventional reliability evaluation algorithm. A probabilistic islanding technique has been used with multiple DGs for reliability assessment. Case studies for a typical utility feeder have been undertaken to validate the proposed method and the results have been compared with the single DG case.

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Effect of Sample Re-use on the Compaction Characteristics of Concretionary Lateritic Soil as Subgrade Material[ ]


Laboratory compaction tests were conducted to investigate the effect of reusing samples of lateritic gravel soils in the determination of soil compaction characteristics. Twelve soil samples obtained from a large borrow pit located along Damagun-Potiskum road in Yobe state were subjected to compaction process using British standard light (BSL) compaction, West African standard (WAS) compaction and British standard heavy (BSH) compaction. Initial identification and classification tests revealed that fifty percent of the soils are A-4 soils, twenty five percent of the soils are A-2-4 soils based on AASHTO classification system. Others are either A-5(two) or A-1-b (one) soils. In general, maximum dry densities (MDDs) from reused sample compaction were higher than those obtained from the fresh sample compaction. No general trend was established for differences in optimum moisture content (OMC) values when either re-used sample or fresh sample compaction was employed. In general, MDD increased with gravel content while OMC decreases. Statistical analysis using t-test on MDD values shows higher values of mean and variance for sample re-use compaction than fresh sample compaction, The two – way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of MDDs, OMCs and compactive effort results for sample re-use and fresh sample compactions l were statistically significant with the effect of compactive effort being more pronounced than the MDDs and OMCs. Regression analysis carried out shows that gravel content; specific gravity and compactive effort have significant effect on the maximum dry densities of the soil samples.

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Low Power Consumption of Pulse Triggered Flip Flop Using MTCMOS[ ]


The objective is to design and simulate the low power pulse triggered flip-flop and to reduce the Leakage power consumption of the flip flop by applying pulse triggering method used for the clocks. The proposed method uses signal feed through technique to solve the problem in the discharging path of the similar pulse triggered flip flop implementations. The discharge time is reduced by the proposed method and the speed of the pulse triggered flip flop with signal feed through technique is greatly increased. The proposed design out performs all the other similar pulse triggered flip flop implementation both in speed and power consumption.To reduce the leakage power MTCMOS is used. The design is implemented in 90nm GPDK using Cadence Virtuoso Schematic Composer and the Spectre as the simulator.

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APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC FOR PRIORITIZING SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN HEALTHCARE A SURVEY[ ]


Service activities are multifaceted and have distinctive behavior of being simultaneous with their delivery and consumption. This makes them intricate and of problematic nature. It is also common to hear customers' complaints in service areas. In healthcare centers, the complaints are high and need immediate solution as the activities in the healthcare consist a work of life perpetuation that should be delivered as fast as possible. Thus, improving the service quality of healthcare centers is a determinant issue. In addition, customer needs are different in nature and difficult to understand. Prioritizing service quality improvement in healthcare is usually uncertain and vague. From the existing methods, there is no single method which fully handles the uncertainties. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic integrated with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) (fuzzy extended AHP) in order to consider the uncertainties to prioritize service quality improvement in healthcare and solve the pitfalls with the exiting methods. As a result, service quality dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy are found to be critical factors to prioritize the existing service quality level. In this paper, linguistic values are used to assess the ratings and weights of the factors. Then, AHP model based on fuzzy-sets theory is proposed in dealing with prioritizing service quality improvement in healthcare problems. Finally, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia is taken to prove and validate the procedure of the proposed method. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to justify the results.

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Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan from Shrimp shell waste[ ]


Chitosan was prepared from shrimp processing waste (shell) using the same chemical process as described for the other crustacean species with minor modification in the treatment condition. The physicochemical properties, molecular weight (165394 g/mole), degree of deacetylation (87%) as well as yield (19%) of prepared chitosan indicated that shrimp processing waste (shell) are a good source of chitosan. FT-IR spectra gave characteristics bands of –NH2 at 3450cm-1 and carbonyl at 1629cm-1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns also indicated two characteristics crystalline peaks approximately at 10° and 20° (2Θ).The surface morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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Effect of Forest road on tree regeneration[ ]


The distribution and abundance of species can be strongly influenced by habitat suitability. Road construction can change habitat suitability by affecting resources and microclimate. We examined the distribution of tree regeneration and their relationships with forest roads in a temperate forest, Hyrcanian zone, Iran. At six different distances from the verge of forest road (0, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 m), the species abundance and coverage were recorded. The results showed that similar to the regeneration rate, the species richness and abundance are clearly related to the distance from the roads. The effect of the road on species richness and diversity was observed up to 10 m from the road verge. As would be expected, the results revealed that the light demanding species such as Acer velutinum were more frequent in road verges compare to shade tolerant species such as Fagus orientalis. As a conclusion, minimizing road density to keep sections of forest area large enough to conserve diversity and also composition of forest species is necessary for sustainable forest resources.

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Big-Geo Data Processing using Distributed Processing Frameworks[ ]


Geographic Information Systems (GIS) platform has been required high storage capacity and high computational power to handle and process with massive spatial data. This paper aims of processing of Geodata using Distributed processing Frameworks. GIS software like QGIS, ArcGIS, GRASS, Open JUMP etc cannot be handle and process on large volume of Geo data. Therefore, to handle and process on these types of large data it is needed to deploy Hadoop Distributed processing framework. GeoProcessing Workflow can be used to represent almost every GIS application. This paper explains the GeoProcessing Workflow for processing of image data. Also explains Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), MapReduce Programming Model and Spatial Hadoop architecture. This work deals with application of the KNN algorithm on large amount of spatial data. It is found that the Spatial Hadoop performs fast data processing and gives better performance compare to GIS software.

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CORELATION BETWEEN HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD) IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TERMINAL RENAL FAILURE[ ]


End-Stage-Renal-Disease (ESRD) is clinical condition associated with progressive and irreversible injury of renal tissue in different renal and urinary tract diseases. In ESRD we have chronic decrease of glomerular filtration (GFR) and progresive elevation of creatinine, urea, uric acid, potassium etc. ESRD can be defined as summary of common biological and clinical disorders also known as chronic uremia. The progress of ESRD is affected by other factors also: primary disease, age, gender and genetic predisposition etc. The progres of ESRD depends on primary disease which causes injury of renal tissue and nephrones. Cardiovascular diseases still remain as main cause of invalidity, morbidity and mortality in patients with ESRD treated with hemodialysis (HD) compared to the population with other diseases. Beside known factors ,genetic predisposition, age, gender, arterial hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, stress, oxidative stress, MIA syndrome (Malnutritio-Inflamatio-Atherosclerosis) , uremic dyslipidemia, hyperfibrionogenemia, C-reactive protein, von Willebrand factor ), recent years in the ethiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in uremic patients as new risk factor is counted and homocysteine (tHcy) with its respective values in urine and blood (hyperhomosyteinuria and hyperhomocysteinemia). Aim of this paper:Aim of this paper was to examine Hcy concentrations and lipid profile in patients with esrd treated with HD more than 36 months and positive anamnesis for CVD compared to control group of healthy individuals and the role of Hcyt as new indipendent risk factor on the onset of early arteriosclerosis and atheromatous processes of coronary arteries in patients with CVD. This paper also aimed to propose preventive measures for corection and treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperhomocysteinuria, which would decrease effects of Hcyt in cardiovascular system in uremic patients treated with HD. Values obtained of the total homocystein and lipids (Kol.Total, TG, HDL-ch, LDL-ch) and control group are presented with mean values and standard deviation X ±SD. In the results were also calculated correlation coefficient “r "statistical value of p ,," less that 1% (p <0.0001). Statistics comparative lipid parameters between the two groups were analyzed to test the so-called Studentov ,, t "while for examples dependent or independent and non-parametric tests were used tests: Mann-Whitney-U. Because that in 95% of patients ESRD is accompanied with dyslipidemia, therefore consequences of hyperhomocysteinema toward cardiovascular system are more expressed , we decided in our paper to make a lipid profile (total cholesterol-TCh, Tryglicerides-TG, Total lipids-TL, HDL-ch and LDL-ch). Hyperhomocysteinema is indipendent risk factor for CVD in end stage renal disease with high prevalence (85-100%) (1,2,3).

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