Volume 7, Issue 3, March 2016 Edition


Publication for Volume 7, Issue 3, March 2016 .

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A Review on Aerodynamic Behavior of Airfoil when Surface Modified[ ]


There are limitations of engines of aircraft to decrease drag and increase efficiency. Efficiencies requirement is increasing day to day. Airfoil plays an important role in efficiency of aircraft. Modification in the shape of airfoil is also important in aircraft. General airfoil behavior has been analyzed by many researchers. In this paper airfoil characteristics given by many researchers are studied while surfaces of airfoils were modified. Modification on surface of airfoil gives significant changes in result. Without consuming much amount of fuel in aircraft drag can be decreased with simple modification on airfoil surface.

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Exports of Pakistan in European markets (EU27) :A Constant Market Share Analysis[ ]


In the present day scenario of reductions in tariff levels and non-tariff barriers, rising trade deficit and falling reserves are major economic issues for economies like Pakistan. The aim of this study is to analyze the Exports of Pakistan in European markets (EU27) with respect to global economic conditions by using the methodology of Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis and suggest policies that can increase exports thus increasing foreign exchange for the economy. The CMS technique is being used to separate the impact emanating from the world trade effect, the commodity composition effect, the market distribution effect and the competitiveness effect. Panel data is used for the period 2003 to 2012 (yearly). All the data have been collected from a published source of the International Trade Centre (ITC).

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A Comprehensive Analysis of Agent Based Backup Management System[ ]


Mobile Agents are set of programs which are used for several purposes at network. Software agents are installed permanently within a Network on each source system in which to perform backups. To enhance the performance of the system as well as reduce the computational cost, agents based techniques are used nowadays. To perform Backup Disaster Recovery (BDR), that is a predefined feature in the configuration as agent, recently performing three types of the backup management, i.e. Full, Incremental and Image Backups. To facilitate the forth coming researchers we have done a comprehensive study on agent based backup management systems. This paper discussed almost all relevant techniques along with their pros and cons and also highlighted the potential research gaps. We are confident that this study will be a useful material for the researcher to find out their problem statement.

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Lean Operational Excellence – Ford Best Practices[ ]


Operations management emerges as the less understood aspect of the various business activities. In the manufacturing industries, it is usually left to the specialist such as the engineers. Some of the service industries are yet to incorporate operations management. The purpose of this study is to identify various aspects relating to operation management in the automobile production industry. The Ford Company has been used to discuss some of the concepts entailing car production. The methodology utilized in this research is based on secondary research. The paper identifies that operations management entails overseeing, controlling and designing production process. Also, it involves redesigning an entity operation to meet efficiency about the use of resources and meeting customer needs.

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Dielectric properties of Fergusonite Mg-RE-Nb-O System (RE = La, Pr, Nb, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Er and Yb) in the Microwave Region[ ]


MgCO3-RE Oxide-Nb2O5 (in the ratio 2:1:1) with RE = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y and Yb were prepared by conventional solid state ceramic route. Structure and dielectric properties of the sintered samples were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. The Mg-RE-Nb oxides have microwave dielectric properties in the ranges er = 18 to 21, Qu×f = 17100 to 44400 GHz and tf = -0.3 to -69 ppm/oC. The Mg-La-Nb oxide has near zero tf (-0.3 ppm/oC) with er = 21 and Qu×f = 23325 GHz.

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Design and Simulation of Solar PV Model Using Matlab/Simulink[ ]


Solar radiant energy accounts for most of the usable renewable energy on this earth. Photovoltaic (PV) is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductor that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. In this paper presents a method of modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays in MATLAB using solar cell block from SimElectronics library.

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New Cumulative Damage Models for Desynchronization Rate in Cell Populations by using Stochastic Processes as Initial Damage[ ]


We characterize the kinetics of two cancer cell lines: IGROV1 (ovarian carcinoma) and MOLT4 (leukemia). By means of flow cytometry, we selected two populations from exponentially growing in vitro cell lines, depending on the cell’s DNA synthesis activity during a preceding labeling period.

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The Home Depot SWOT analysis[ ]


This SWOT analysis discusses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to Home Depot. Specifically, the analysis explores how the home improvement company has become the largest player within the consumer marketplace. In addition to this, the analysis explains how employees feel about the company. The analysis also examines the company's competitors and what they are doing to try and overtake Home Depot as the largest player in the home improvement industry. Finally, the paper explains the threats to the home improvement industry as a whole as it relates to the housing market, and how Home Depot's initiatives have not necessarily been able to correct many of the issues and problems that the industry faces.

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Dynamic Model Analysis of Three Phase Induction Motor Using Matlab/Simulink[ ]


This paper reproduce the dynamic model of three phase induction motor derived from detailed mathematical equation in MATLAB/Simulink and study the transient performance as well as steady state response of machine including the constant moment of inertia and load torque for the external system. Dynamics generalized approach [1] of digital computer simulation of three phase induction machine is universally applicable method to propose for simulating a dynamic behavior of a large, non linear, time varying physical system. The model can account for unbalanced on both sides of the air gap provided the structure of winding remains unaltered. The simulation in the three-phase Induction motor is with variations in moment of inertia [2]. Transient performance of any electrical machine is greatly affected by sudden changes in its supply system operating speed, shaft load including any variation of moment of inertia due to gear arrangement application. Rotor reference frame is used for the simulation study of this machine. MALTLAB/ Simulink based model is adopted to compare a transient performance of induction machine including main flux saturation with and without the moment of inertia. Simulated results have been compared and verified with experimental results on a test machine setup. During the development of dynamic models of induction motors, most of the researchers neglected the effect of magnetic saturation and assumed inductances to be constant [2]. The computer simulation for these various modes of operation is conveniently obtained from the equations which describe the symmetrical induction machine in an arbitrary reference frame.

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Efficiency of fungi suspension spores as Biocoagulants for suspended solid sedimentation in wastewater[ ]


Fungi Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma suspension spores were used as Biocoagulants to sediment suspended solid in wastewater for its negative impact in wastewater treatment units. Suspension spores 173-182× 102 spore\ml, 152-163× 104 spore\ml and 122-133× 106 spore\ml were used to reduce turbidity in concentration of 167 NTU and pH 7.8 in batch system and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min period treatment. Results showed that fungi suspension spores by 122-133× 106 spore\ml have high ability to reduce turbidity concentration and approach of alum in 84%. This study is the first record for using fungi suspension spores as Biocoagulants .

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Field VS Collective Form[ ]


Whether it was small or big, cities around the world are formed slowly by series of operations and development that are led by a commanding factors and elements such as culture, religion, necessity or topography. Villages and cities historically were built around rivers and lakes for the mere fact that water has been always an essential element for growth in most civilization, i.e: Rome which grew at a vast speed due to the construction of the aqua-ducks. Through the development and growth of civilizations, citizens of these cities and its architects have tried to improve their cities to adopt their growing needs and surrounding conditions.

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The Effect of Blood-Brewer`s Dried Grain Mix (ANPLA) on the Performance of Broilers[ ]


This study involved the production and evaluation of Blood and Brewer`s dried grain mix (ANPLA), as an animal protein concentrate, on the performance of broilers. A preliminary study of Blood and Brewer`s dried grain in different ratios to determine drying rate of blood and the crude protein (CP) percentage was done. 1:2 ratio of blood to brewers dried grain with 58.6 % CP was adopted to produce the test feed ingredient hereafter called ANPLA. Five treatment diets were formulated. Diet 1 served as control diet (0% ANPLA) and diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained ANPLA at 15%, 25%, 35% and 45% respectively. One hundred and five day-old chicks were randomly assigned to the treatment diets with three replicates each. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed cost/weight gain were determined. The result showed significant difference (P<0.05) between the treatment means with respect to weight gain and feed intake. The result also indicated that financial gain and better growth performance were recorded at 15% and 25% inclusion levels of ANPLA respectively. It was concluded that ANPLA in the proportion of 1:2 blood to brewer`s dried grain, can be included in practical broiler starter and finisher diets up to 25% for optimal performance of broilers while also saving cost.

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Design and fabrication of Ash Brick Machine[ ]


The “Fly Ash Brick Making Machine” is a machine that compresses ordinary ash into strong masonry blocks. Earth blocks can be used to build houses, school, community buildings and other boundary walls, etc. “Fly Ash Brick Making Machine” is a unique automatic operated machine that harnesses Compressed Earth Block (CEB) Technology for economical, strong and durable earth construction. Houses made from these earth blocks (unfired bricks) are extremely long lasting. “Ash Brick Making machine” is ideal for on-site production of bricks. Fly Ash bricks are made of fly ash, lime, gypsum, cement and sand. These can be extensively used in all building constructional activities similar to that of common burnt clay bricks. The fly ash bricks are comparatively lighter in weight and stronger than common clay bricks. Since fly ash is being accumulated as waste material in large quantity near thermal power plants and creating serious environmental pollution problems, its utilization as main raw material in the manufacture of bricks will not only create ample opportunities for its proper and useful disposal but also help in environmental pollution control to a greater extent in the surrounding areas of power plants. In view of superior quality and eco-friendly nature, and government support the demand for Fly Ash Bricks has picked up. Fly ash brick is products of basic cement clinker materials i.e. fly ash, stone, sand, lime, gypsum and cement. The mix is so ideally worked out to produce bricks of higher strength with consistency as well as uniformity.

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A Survey on Class Imbalance Learning Algorithms[ ]


We have gone through a systematic and comparative analysis of using learning methods on imbalanced data, by using different 11 learning algorithms on real word datasets from different types of applications and applicational domains. Our objective is to give practical approach to machine learning research to build different type of classifiers on class imbalanced datasets, and to guide the researchers some various possible guidelines for work. Our works proposes to analysis class imbalanced from a wide scope, difference learners, performing sampling methods, and applying performance measuring on various datasets.

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EVALUATION OF COW DUNG AND TALINUM TRIANGULARE AS A SEEDING AGENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS FROM DOMESTIC WASTES IN WARRI METROPOLIS[ ]


The evaluation of cow dung and talinum triangulare (water leaf) as a seeding agent for the production of biogas from organic domestic wastes was conducted in Warri metropolis, Nigeria. The experiments were conducted within a period of thirty seven days in a steel bio-digester. The biogas produced was dried, purified and transferred into a commercially available 7.5Kg gas cylinder using a compressor. The results obtained showed that the domestic wastes seeded with cow-dung and talinum triangulare produced 2.1Kg and 2.2Kg of biogas respectively. Overall, from the result obtained with cow-dung and talinum triangulare, it can be seen that talinum triangulare is as good as cow-dung and can be used as a substitute for cow dung (since it is readily available) in Warri metropolis, Nigeria.

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Automation, Speed Control & Braking System for Cars by means of Open Source Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) and Hall sensor[ ]


A new design of speed control, automation and braking system for cars incorporating open source Brain-Computer Interface technology is proposed in this paper. In traditional cruise control system, accidents may occur, if there exist any lack of concentration. To overcome this an automated system controlled by brain waves is proposed. In the open source BCI, Brain waves are obtained as voltage fluctuations and Ionic current through high sensitivity electrodes from which they are categorizes based on its frequency limit. The signal acquisition part conditions the extremely low frequency radio waves. By employing machine learning algorithm, signals are converted into codes- machine language and is transmitted. The received signals after error detection and filtration process is compared with the actual value determined by the Hall sensor fixed at the rear wheel of the car. The output of the comparator is fed to decision device which controls the mechanical system and performs the operation. Along with this automated system, additional guidance is provided to the user by means of Voice Guidance based Bluetooth module. The proposed mind reader section is in the form of a head set.

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A NOVEL INTRUSION DETECTION ALGORITHM (NIDA) FOR WSN’S[ ]


In recent years WSN’s are deployed to collect large amounts of raw data that is sensed and extricated for a high-level knowledge. The inferred knowledge’s accuracy can be deterred by Intrusions, making it all the more important to research intrusions in WSN’s. Intrusion detections can help filter noisy data or discover events that are interesting. This paper proposes a novel discovery approach that identifies intrusion’s in WSN.

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PETROLEUM PRODUCTS UTILIZATION IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (FCT) ABUJA, NIGERIA: CURRENT TRENDS AND PROJECTED DEMAND.[ ]


The problem of lack of proper energy planning to meet demand has always affected the provision of adequate, clean and affordable energy in many countries and cities especially in a fast growing state capital like Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the petroleum products utilization pattern in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) and to make projections of its demand in the FCT from 2009 to 2035. A total of 520 questionnaires (household =150, Services =150, Industry =50 and Transport =170) were administered with 507 valid responses representing a 97.5% response rate. The language, content and design of the questionnaire made it easily understood and placed limited time burdens (10 minutes) on the respondents.

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Adsorption and Kinetic Studies on the Removal of Methyl Red from Aqueous Solutions Using Low-cost Adsorbent: Guargum Powder[ ]


In this paper the potential of Guargum powder (GG) a low cost and eco-friendly biosorbent was characterized and investigated for the removal of Methyl Red dye (MR) from an aqueous solution. The adsorption behavior of the biosorbent was investigated by performing both kinetic and equilibrium isothermal studies in batch conditions at 34°C. During study, the adsorption conditions for the adsorbent were calculated by changing different experimental parameters i.e. contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, particle size and pH of the solution. The adsorption studies was best fit with Langmuir isotherm, and it gives monolayer adsorption capacity of 66.66 mg/g at pH 4.2,and temperature 34°C.The correlation coefficient value indicate a moderate fit for monolayer Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99). The qe experimental and calculated values for the pseudo-second-order kinetic model were in good agreement as compared to that by pseudo first order kinetics. The structural characterization of the GG was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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A New Suggested Adaptive Controller for Multivariable Nonlinear System[ ]


The present paper introduces the mathematical model of urea plant and suggests two methods for designing special purpose controllers. The first proposed method is PID controller and the second is sliding mode controller (SMC). These controllers are applied for a multivariable nonlinear system as a Urea Reactor system. The main target of the designed controllers is to reduce the disturbance of NH3 pump and CO2 compressor in order to reduce the pollution effect in such chemical plant. Simulation results of the suggested PID controller are compared with that of the SMC controller. Comparative analysis proves the effectiveness of the suggested SMC controller than the PID controller according to disturbance minimization as well as dynamic response. Also, the paper presents the results of applying SMC, while maximizing the production of the urea by maximizing the NH3 flow rate. This controller kept the reactor temperature, the reactor pressure, and NH3/CO2 ratio in the suitable operating range. Moreover, the suggested SMC when compared with other controllers in the literature shows great success in maximizing the production of urea.

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A Framework for Secure Sharing of Hierarchical Data in Cloud[ ]


Data Security is an important aspect in Cloud storage. Nowadays, there are numerous algorithms that ensure the security for the data placed in the Cloud storage.One way of modeling our data is to structure it in a hierarchical format and then upload it to the Cloud. This represent a less tedious way of organization and searching of our data becomes less cumbersome. Hierarchical structures can be used to model a plenty of situations like Role Based Access Control (RBAC) model, patient’s medical records. We may want to share the data with others. This paper presents a study of various key management schemes used in hierarchical data models which focuses on key sharing. Also it provides a comparative study of different key management schemes. The key management schemes are divided into three sections: Key Derivation Schemes for predefined hierarchy, Compact-Sized key using symmetric encryption, and Key Management Schemes using Identity Based Encryption.

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The Effective Marketing Strategies of Coca Cola and McDonald’s[ ]


This paper describes the effective marketing strategies that both Coca Cola and McDonalds have implemented to lead them to higher global success.

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MARKOV CHAIN[ ]


Markov chain was named after Andrew Markov. It is a mathematical system, which moves from a particular form to the other. It has the property of merorylessness given that the subsequent form relies on the present form, but not the whole sequence involved. This is the Markov chain’s characteristic. Markov chain is applicable in different real-world processes as statistical models and derived from random transitional process.

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Safety in Schools[ ]


School safety is becoming a major issue in today’s society. With the increasing trend of uncertainties in school, there is a need of carrying out a study to test for the relationship of violence and anger and providing the necessary recommendations on the strategies and preventive measures. Schools are dealing with threats including bomb threats, school violence, and weapons. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between student anger and school violence and to provide the recommendations. In the introduction, violence and anger will be defined as well as their causes. Literature review will be based on secondary research and disseminated. Furthermore, data will be collected from students and analyzed, and findings will be discussed.

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Effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of DCM-PS doped with TiO2 nanoparticles thin films[ ]


Polystyrene (PS) blended with DCM laser dye co-doped with TiO2 nanoparticles thin films were prepared using cast method. The TiO2 nanoparticles was synthesized using sol-gel technique and the characteristics of these nanoparticles were investigated using XRD to estimate the phase of TiO2, while the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to estimate the particle size. The optical properties of final samples such as absorbance, absorption coefficient, refractive index and the optical conductivity of the prepared thin films were studied under effect of annealing temperature.

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Abused Women[ ]


This article depicted the violence of women around the world and the history of movement against women abused within the past few years. It discussed different forms of women abused. It presented the reasons behind the violence against women. It included some of the real circumstances of women abused among the world.

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Investigation into House-Hold Energy Consumption in Saki, Southwestern Nigeria[ ]


Energy is a major means of sustaining life hence It’s effects on nation’s economic development at both micro and macro levels. The dynamics of changes in the energy demand and supply patterns can be properly monitored through appropriate evaluation of consumption rate of available energy for effective planning. The main selection criterion considered in this study for the selection of household energy for cooking and heating, lighting, entertainment, refrigeration, and so on is population density. Energy sources considered in this investigation are electricity, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), diesel fuel, kerosene, firewood, liquefied natural gas (LNG), charcoal and solar cells. Energy consumption for individual in a family per day per zone to their average level of income per zone were investigated to establish sources, supply, and availability in the prevailing situation of things in the study area. The result of the study indicates that 70.81% of household energy is from biomass which is very disastrous to the environment. Not less than 29.185 % and 0,004766 % of energy were obtained from fossil fuel and electricity respectively. It is evident that residents in the study area depend highly on biomass as source of household energy and much less on electricity. The result of this study have open up the ground for development of predictive model for estimation of daily household energy requirements (DHER) for Saki dwellers and for rural development plan for the area under study.

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FedEx SWOT Analysis[ ]


This study delves on the thorough analysis of the FedEx company regarding its strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that is known as SWOT analysis. The need for SWOT analysis is to determine the methods employed by the company and the respective values of the methods used that made FedEx successful in domestic and international domains along with the various issues related to the competition within the industry.

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Enhancing a Trombe wall charging and discharging processes by adding nano-Al2O3 to phase change materials[ ]


In this study, two Trombe walls were designed and fabricated to evaluate the effect of enhancing the paraffin wax thermal conductivity on the charging and discharging period of the wall. The nano Al2O3 was added to the paraffin wax of one wall. The study results revealed a faster charging and discharging times due to the improvement in the thermal conductivity of the wall with wax mixed with nano-material. The wall, which uses wax with nano, had higher temperatures and faster charging period than the wall with wax only. The exit air of this wall is hotter that of the other case. Given high thermal conductivity of the wax with nano-material (case 2), the loss of storage energy was faster, depending on the entering outside air temperature and its mass flow rate. The Trombe wall with nano-materials and wax had overall higher temperatures up to 29.08% compared to wax alone. At discharge period, the paraffin wax with nano-material temperatures was higher than that for the wax alone case up to 42.68%. The exit air temperatures from a Trombe wall with the nano-wax compound was higher by about 43.24% compared to the air exited from the other wall with wax only.

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Startup Time Optimization Techniques for Embedded Linux[ ]


Embedded system performance and utilization has increased over years, these can be observed most obviously in the electronic consumer market once a mobile phone are now replaced by smart phones and internet tablets, once a car radios are now electronic consumer market once a mobile phone are now replaced by smart phones and internet tablets, once a car radios are now

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Violent Crime Against Women[ ]


The research will be focusing on the violent crime against women. It shows the different forms of violent crimes as well as the situations and circumstances leading to them. It depicts some real violent crimes in different cultures and countries. It also suggests some of the possible solution to the identified crimes.

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The effect of diesel engine cold start period on the emitted emissions[ ]


Diesel engines emit pollutants from their exhaust that cause environmental pollution reached minutes stages. The attention has in-creased by reducing the burning of fossil fuels, especially diesel pollution rates, worldwide. The engine startup process can be considered as a complicated operation of the engine that causes high pollution rates. In this research study, the pollutants emitted from direct injection, four cylinders diesel engine during the startup period was measured and analyzed in the conditions of low temperatures of the winter in Baghdad, Iraq. The effect of engine starting speed was examined to evaluate the impact of engine starting speed on the emitted emissions. The results showed high levels of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons and lower carbon dioxide. Also, the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gasses have emerged despite the cold operation. The smoke opacity rose at starting speed of 800 rpm, as well as, the engine noise increased at this speed compared to the rest velocities.

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