Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2014 Edition

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Evaluation of water use efficiency, biomass production and selected root traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought conditions[ ]


Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important physiological trait for assessment of biomass production in drought conditions. The present research was designed to investigate the relationship of WUE, biomass production and selected root traits using hundred wheat genotypes cultivated in Pakistan in replication of three. The result showed that WUE is positively correlated (r= 0.982) to biomass production and negatively correlated to selected root traits (No. of saminal root (NSR) r = -.030, root diameter (RD) r = -.030 and Maximum root length (MRL) r = -.068). In drought conditions thirteen out of hundred genotypes viz. Kiran (2.155 g/Kg), Janbaz (1.634 g/Kg), ZA-77 (1.620 g/Kg), AS-2002 (1.612 g/Kg), Dirk (1.593 g/Kg), Zamindar-80 (1.573 g/Kg), Lasani-08 (1.569 g/Kg), Mehran-89 (1.569 g/Kg), Pirsabak-85 (1.561 g/Kg), Iqbal-2000 (1.553 g/Kg), Punjab-76 (1.549 g/Kg), Barani-70 (1.544 g/Kg) and Bakhtawar-94 (1.505 g/Kg) were showed the highest WUE while in Sonalika lowest WUE (0.376g/ Kg) and biomass production (0.197/g) was recorded. The present study reveals that it is needed to improve the root system function rather than a strong root growth for wheat high WUE and biomass production in drought conditions.

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Detection of Cu2+ ion by Synthesis of Bio-mass-Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposite [ ]


Monitoring the levels of potentially toxic metal ion like Cu2+ in aquatic ecosystems is important because this ion can have severe effects on human health and the environment. In this work we concentrate on an optical assay of the Cu2+ ion using a nanocomposite of bio-mass (humic acid)-silver nanoparticle (HA-AgNP). A sensitive colorimetric method has been developed using this composite for detection of Cu2+ ion based on changes in absorbance resulting from metal ion-induced aggregation of silver nanoparticles. Thereby morphology of the nanoparticles changes from hexagonal or spherical to rod like structure. At the same time stable inner complex formation of the metal ion is evidenced from the appearance of a peak at around 720 nm in UV-Visible spectra. Various concentrations of Cu2+ ion were used to test the linearity and sensitivity limit of the nanocomposite. The complex formation between Cu2+ ion and humic acid present in HA-AgNP nanocomposite is further confirmed from the FTIR spectra. Values for Cu2+-complexes available in the literature are in conformity with our findings. XRD pattern confirms that Cu exists in the form of ions in the complex. The quenching properties of the fluorescence study of the nanocomposite have been utilized for detection of Cu2+ ion.

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Crowd behavior Analysis Using 3d Convolutional Neural Network[ ]


A method called 3D Convolutional Neural Network is proposed for identifying crowd behaviours in visual scenes. The algorithm used is Back Propagation. By the technique the crowd scenes are divided into multiple consecutive frames, which forms the input. Convolution, sub sampling are performed to extract the crowd pattern. Neural network is trained to classify the extracted information i.e. it classifies the crowd behaviour.

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Investigating UBM Degradation Products as a Possible Therapeutic Treatment for Regenerative Medicine Using a P19 Cell Model[ ]


Urinary Bladder Matrix (UBM) is the decellularized product of the extracellular matrix of a pig bladder and it has been shown in prior studies to promote soft tissue regeneration. However, UBM’s mechanism of action is poorly understood. P19 cells were introduced as a model cell line to elucidate these events in vitro. Three cell cultures were established from the pluripotent P19 cells: undifferentiated P19 cells, UBM-differentiated P19 cells, and spontaneously-differentiated P19 cells, referred as P19SSEA-1, P19UBM, and P19GFAP respectively. Novel results from this experiment demonstrated that UBM induces differentiation in P19 cells. These cells expressed markers for MAP2, O1, and GFAP while spontaneously differentiated cells were only positive for GFAP. Proliferation and migration assays were conducted investigating the two aspects of tissue reconstruction against UBM. All three cell cultures had increased viability across the concentrations of exogenous UBM (p<0.05) except P19UBM cells which demonstrated reduced viability at lower concentrations (25, 50µg/mL) (p<0.05). Migration results against UBM showed an increase by up to 2053% in P19SSEA-1 cells (p<0.05) and a 414% increase in P19GFAP cells (p<0.05) while P19UBM cells demonstrated reduced chemotaxis (p<0.05). The project also found evidence that each cell type utilizes different signaling pathways for chemotaxis and proliferation though the details are yet to be understood.

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Design, Simulation and Hardware Testing of MIMO 8 x 8 OFDM System to Reduce PAPR with SLM technique using FPGA[ ]


Speed, range, Channel Capacity,and reliability enhancement is achieved using a combination of MIMO-OFDM system. Despite of OFDM’s various advantages a major obstacle in using this signal is that it exhibits a very high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) which tends to reduce the power efficiency of radio frequency amplifiers and increase in design complexity.PAPR can be reduced by using SLM technique.Comparison of PAPR reduction with and without SLM technique is executed.With SLM PAPR of 10dB and without SLM PAPR of 15dB is observed and hence a substantial reduction of 5 dB is achieved.The VHDL code is written and simulated in XILINX 14.7 and tested using VIRTEX 5 XC5VLX50T.

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Significance of Concrete Cover to Reinforcement in Structural Element at Varying Temperatures[ ]


This paper evaluated the significance of concrete cover for reinforcement in structural elements at varying temperatures. Sixty samples of 320 mm x 150 mm x 100 mm concrete beams reinforced with 10 mm main bars and 6 mm nominal reinforcement were cast in the laboratory in four batches. Each batch contains fifteen samples with concrete cover for reinforcement varied at 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm and 25 mm respectively. After 28 days of curing, the beam samples were subjected to simulated fire in the laboratory furnace at temperatures ranging from 50 oC (122 ºF) – 700 oC (1292 ºF) in steps of 50 oC. Thereafter, the samples were allowed to cool to room temperature. Subsequently, samples of reinforcement were removed from the beam samples and tested with the universal material testing machine. Results of tensile tests on reinforcements showed that ultimate tensile strength of steel decreased with increasing temperatures. The greatest loss in strengths of steel reinforcements was recorded for beams with 10 mm concrete cover, which reduced from a value of 592.0 N/mm2 at room temperature to 224.50 N/mm2 at a terminal temperature of 700oC (1292 ºF), which represented a 62% reduction in strength.

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Human Resource Management in Secondary Schools as a Strategic Tool for Job Creation in Ebonyi State, Nigeria[ ]


This study examines the Human Resource management in secondary school system as a strategic tool for Employment Creation in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The paper reveals that HRM covers staff and students in any social setting like Education. The design adopted for the study was a descriptive survey. To guide this study, the researcher formulated two research questions and two hypotheses which were tested at significant level of 0.05. The population composed of 232 principals of the public secondary schools in the state. A sample of forty-seven (47) principals representing 30% of the research respondents were selected from the three Educational zones in the State using proportionate simple random sampling techniques. A questionnaire containing 12 items was used in collecting data which were analyzed using mean scores and t-test statistics. The major findings revealed among others that: staff development programme in capacity building will help greatly for employment creation in Ebonyi State. Also, that student empowerment in vocational skills will lubricate employment creation in Ebonyi State. The study also revealed that there was no gender difference on staff development programme in capacity building as a strategic tool for job creation. Again, urban and rural respondents sampled equal view on student’ empowerment in vocational skills as a strategic tool for job creation. It was therefore concluded that school administrators should be subjected to regular training and as well attend regular workshops and seminars so as to channel school administration towards practical knowledge and professional skill development and also empowering students in vocational skills in secondary school. The researcher therefore recommended among others that all government parastatals should support staff development in capacity building for job creation.

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CCA-VW-FIM: Concept change aware variable window based frequent itemsets mining over data streams[ ]


Considering the continuity of a data stream, the accessed windows information of a data stream may no longer useful as a concept change is effected on further data. Variable size sliding window is used for performing data stream mining which is suitable for observing recent changes in the set of frequent itemsets over data streams. The windows size id determined dynamically based on amounts of concept change that occurs within the arriving data stream.The window expands as the concept becomes more stable and shrinks when a concept change occurs. Using a variable size window, results in vast usage of memory as the window size increases gradually for a set of frequent items. To reduce memory usage of the frequent itemsets a time based window is used and a variable window is implemented as a concept change occurs in the recent window.

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Face Detection in Color Images Using Skin Color[ ]


Because of the increasing demands of security for the present society, intelligent biometric identification such as face detection has got more application.

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Effect of Stress Ratio and V Notch Shape on Fatigue Life in Steel Beam[ ]


Fatigue life experiments were performed on three steel alloys with different content of carbon weight (Low, Medium and High ). Test results are obtained for constant amplitude load in rotating bending with four stress ratios of R = - 0.5 ,0, 0.25 and 0.5 and the specimens tested were with various notch geometries and dimensions. By using Stress Life approach, the two types cylindrical specimens smooth (reference) and notched have been investigated and the fatigue life analysis are obtained experimentally and by use FEA. Different instruments like Chemical composition analyzer, Tensile universal testing machine ,Hardness tester, Fatigue testing machine, Optical Light Microscope (OLM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were employed in this investigation. The fatigue experiments were carried out at room temperature, on a cantilever rotating-bending machine. Based on experimental results the effect of stress ratio, R, is highlights on fatigue life and by use Numerical Investigation (FEA).The results show that the life of the specimen increased as the load ratio increased and there is acceptable error between experimental and numerical works.

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Experimental performance and modeling of a greenhouse solar dryer for drying macadamia nuts [ ]


This paper presents experimental performance and modeling of a greenhouse solar dryer for drying macadamia nuts. The dryer consists of a parabolic roof structure covered by polycarbonate sheets on a concrete floor. Dimension of the dryer is 9 m in width, 12.4 m in length and 3.45 m in height. Six 15-W DC fans powered by two 50-W PV modules were used to ventilate the dryer. The dryer was installed at a macadamia nut producer in Loei Province, Thailand. To investigate its performance, the dryer was used to dry six batches of macadamia nuts. For each batch, 730 kg of in-shell macadamia nuts was dried in the dryer. Results obtained from this investigation showed that drying air temperatures in the dryer varied from 30°C to 65°C. The drying time for macadamia nuts was within 5 days and good quality dried product was obtained. To model the performance of the greenhouse solar dryer, a system of partial different equations describing heat and moisture transfer during drying of the macadamia nuts in the dryer was formulated. This system of partial differential equations was solved numerically using the finite difference method. The simulation results agreed well with the experimental data for solar drying of the macadamia nuts. The estimated of payback period of the dryer is 1 year.

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Impact of Moving Block System on Railway Timetable Planning: a qualitative study on existing timetables[ ]


This paper proposes a quick way to examine the impact of moving block system on railway timetable planning from minimal amount of data. In general, this method is developed to quickly determine the possible capacity improvement for lines operated in fixed block system if they were upgraded into more sophisticated moving block system. In this paper, railway timetables are characterized by four parameters, the train number, the average speed, the stability and the heterogeneity. Particularly, through examining the interdependency between the capacity improvement and these four parameters, qualitative conclusions are drawn for moving block system upgrade from fixed block system.

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Discrete Probability Distributions_based methodology for measuring Software Usability[ ]


Software usability plays an important role as one of the main factors used to measure the software quality. This research focuses on studying the usability of an open source operating system “Linux”. A new methodology to measure software usability using discrete random variables is presented. It was built on set of random variables. Population size, sampling size and methods of gathering samples were taken into consideration. The proposed technique was tested on one random variable: measurement of system comfortability (C). Results showed that Linux “3.9.2” is 63% comfortable.

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A survey on blood transfusion based on data mining techniques[ ]


Data mining is the process of collecting relevant data from enormous amount of data..Requirement of blood is increasing gradually due to accidents, surgeries etc. Blood transfusion play an important role in healthcare. Blood donor prediction provide essential details to medical professionals to increase the number of voluntary blood donors in future. This paper focus on analyzing the Blood transfusion and blood donors behavior using data mining techniques.

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A Novel Approach for Non-Invertible Cryptographic Key Generation from Cancellable Fingerprint Template[ ]


Generation of cancellable cryptographic key from cancellable fingerprint template is an encryption technique used to authenticate confidential systems. This method gives us the advantage that we can regenerate the key from same finger print even if the key is compromised from a different template generated by a different random algorithm.

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Cloud Computing Security threats and Countermeasures[ ]


Within the last decade, there have been several advances in technology that have created more opportunities for people to communicate around the world. Technology trends have reached not only the enterprise environments, but also in ordinary people’s homes. Cloud computing implementation has revolutionized the tech community, and spread throughout the business world. It is no longer just for the private sector, but has been widely adopted by the public sector, as more companies have turned to cloud services in collaboration and storage. Cloud computing is not a new innovation, but it is new in the aspects of constructing for advanced computation power, and improvement in storage capabilities. The change to cloud technology permits new mechanisms of technology that offer users abilities in storing, and sending information over the internet. Cloud computing is dependent on the framework of the internet, and suffers from the same vulnerabilities and security threats. While there are several advantages to adopting and moving to this new technology that makes it a formative option for consumers and companies, the security threats and vulnerabilities have the potential to seriously challenge its longevity. Within this paper, it will provide information backed by research and data that define cloud computing and its benefits, while also outlining the threats and countermeasures available.

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