Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2016 Edition


Publication for Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2016 .

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A MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF GROWTH & DECAY OF ELECTRIC CURRENT[ ]


In this work, the mathematical governing equations were formulated from an electric circuit containing a resistor and an inductor usually called LR circuit using Kirchhoff’s voltage law. Some basic differential and integral calculus principles were used to solve the differential equations formulated from the circuit. The solutions of the formulated problems represent the model for growth and decay current respectively. Some assumptions were made in analysing the models. Results from the analysis show an exponential increase and decrease in current values which represent the growth and decay of current respectively. This result was illustrated on graph using mat lab and the results were positive.

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Basement Depths from Aeromagnetic Data in Southern Niger Delta Basin of Nigeria Using Euler-3D Method[ ]


Residual aeromagnetic data over parts of the Niger delta basin of Nigeria has been interpreted for source positions and depth to basement using Euler-3D deconvolution method. Using structural index values of 1, 2, and 3, the Euler solutions were windowed to accept depth tolerance level of between ±10% and ±20%. The results show sedimentary thickness of between 1,000 m to 10,100 m for structural index value of one, 200 m to 10,600 m for structural index value of two and; 800 m to 9,200 m for structural index value of three. These results show that the maximum depth to basement in this region lie between 9,600 m to 10, 600 m with the shallow magnetic layers lying between 200 m to 1, 000 m.

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ESP Materials Adaptation: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice[ ]


Based on the fact that ELT teachers are requested to be more aware of their responsibility towards students; they should keep in mind that they are there to help, guide, supply them with the necessary elements to develop their knowledge, and thus, design courses accordingly. A part from their responsibility is to motivate those ESP students despite all the difficulties encountered. In other words motivation is very important in ESP situations as it represents a critical factor in either pushing students to an ongoing learning or slowing down- and sometimes- stopping that whole process. The aim of this paper is to shed light on one of the vital elements in the ESP methodology, i.e. ESP materials adaptation.

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Developing of Node.js Module for Working with Effective Temporal Model in NoSQL Data Bases[ ]


Ever growing user requirements to access information demands using of temporal database models. In such cases should be saved not only the data but the time intervals of their validity, as well. The subject of the article is developing of Node.js software module to process temporal data in the non-relational DBMS MongoDB. Asynchronous software model leads to extremely fast processing of large data amounts of temporal databases.

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ANTIBIOTIC IMPREGNATED COTTON GAUZES FOR TOPICAL ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT[ ]


Antibiotics are powerful medicines that are used either to inhibit bacterial growth or to destroy bacteria. There are eight different types of antibiotics and the most suitable antibiotic for a particular disease is prescribed by a clinician. Overuse of antibiotics may cause severe problems such as side effects and development of resistance to such an antibiotic by the respective bacteria. Such an antimicrobial resistance is a potent issue worldwide since it demands the termination of the antibiotic and research into discovering new ones. Bioavailability of different types of antibiotics is different and is a critical factor determining the dose. Usual administrative methods such as oral administration or intravenous administration require high doses depending upon the bioavailability of a given antibiotic. As such, topical antibiotic treatment is getting attention of the researchers and is most suited for treating skin diseases and wounds. In this research, we have chosen four different antibiotics, namely, Cefuroxime, Azithromycin, Metronidazole and Flucloxacillin and 20 mg each of these drugs were dissolved, separately, in 20 mL of ethanol and the antibiotics were separately adsorbed to sterilized cotton gauzes and stored in sterilized plastic bottles closed with lids. Their antimicrobial efficacies on Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were studied after one week of gauze preparation. Another set was aged under ambient conditions, in plastic bottles closed with lids, and their antimicrobial efficacies were also investigated. Azithromycin shows the largest inhibition zones for both bacteria but better performance for Staphylococcus aureus in both cases. Metronidazole and Flucloxacillin show similar inhibition zones for both bacteria in week old samples but Flucloxacillin does not show any activity when aged for 22 months. Cefuroxime shows the same pattern as does by Azithromycin. These findings are explained with the help of mechanisms of antimicrobial action of the antibiotics on bacterial species.

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The effect of laser pulses on the structural and optical properties of pure ZnO and ZnO doped with Fe thin films[ ]


In this work, pure ZnO and doped ZnO with Fe (3%wt) were deposited on glass substrate using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. pulsed Nd.YAG laser at 1064 nm, repetition rate 6HZ and the pulse duration 10ns has been used to deposit thin films under vacuum of 10-2mbar.

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Importance of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Irrigation Infrastructure, before the Introduction of Pedma Cultivation under Iranaimadu Irrigation Scheme of Northern Sri Lanka[ ]


Iranaimadu tank is the only major irrigation scheme in the northern Sri Lanka. The major portion of the agricultural sector in northern districts depend on the Iranaimadu tank for their agricultural activities specially paddy cultivation. The water shortage in yala season of the Iranamadu tank, the primary source of water for the northern districts, signaled an imminent crisis to farmers, who are now grappling with an uncertainty.

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Analyzing Alternative Nutrient Supplements and Optimization of Production Parameters for Violacein using Central Composite Design[ ]


Violacein is a medicinally important dye that is produced by the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum. Production of violacein requires the presence of ideal nutritional conditions. In the present submerged fermentation method an initial systematic optimization of pH, inoculum age and inoculum level was done. Agricultural substrates were screened for selection of carbon source and a nitrogen supplement was identified. The critical parameters were further optimized by central composite design. As per the design the critical values of the four independent variables under investigation are as follows: wheat bran- 4.82g/L, NaCl- 4.82 g/L, yeast extract- 3.41g/L and inoculum level of 4.77% (v/v). An R2 value 0.97877 indicates 97.8% fitness of the model.

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Fusion of Coastal Images Using Curvelet Wavelet Transform Technique[ ]


Image fusion for the coastal area is a challenging and rapidly growing field for the researchers to extract the information for environment monitoring. It is the process of combining relevant information from two or more images into a single image. The resulting image will be more informative than any of the input images. Various methods have been proposed earlier for satellite image fusion. The fusion performance of these methods often deteriorates for images derived from different sensor modalities. In this paper, a novel Curvelet Wavelet Transform (CWT) based fusion scheme is demonstrated. It splits the image decomposition process into two successive filtering operations using spectral factorization of the analysis filters. The actual fusion takes place after convolution with the first filter pair. The nonsubsampled nature of the CWT allows the design of nonorthogonal filter banks, which are more robust to artifacts introduced during fusion. The combination of these techniques leads to a fusion framework, which provides clear advantages over traditional multiscale fusion approaches. It is independent of the underlying fusion rule and reduces unwanted side effects such as ringing artifacts in the fused reconstruction. The results of the proposed method are evaluated and compared according to four measures of performance - Entropy (H), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Correlation Coefficient (CC).

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Establishing Automobile Repair and Service Workshops at Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Institutions: (Case Study: Takoradi Polytechnic)[ ]


This study focused on assessing the viability of establishing automobile repair and workshops at TVET institutions using Takoradi Polytechnic as a case study. The study sought to bring to light the need to establish an Auto Repair/Service Workshop TVET Institutions, the socio cultural economic benefits that could be derived from such establishment and lessons that could be learnt by other Polytechnics and tertiary institutions in Ghana.

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Molecular electrostatic potential surface, HOMO-LUMO, and computational analysis of synthetic drug Rilpivirine[ ]


The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by the HIV virus, which attacks the cells responsible for defending the body, leaving the person vulnerable to opportunistic diseases, currently 781,000 people living infected with the virus in Brazil and there are only 22 types of drugs designed to control the disease, highlighting the need for further studies and research that seek to enhance drugs already used in the control of AIDS, but also to develop new drugs. The computational chemistry and molecular modeling software represent important tools in the development of pharmaceuticals and several pathologies. O treatment strategies present study sought through the semi-empirical approach to characterize the structural and electronic properties of the drug sintetic rilpivirine using the approach semi-empirical where it can be concluded that modeling and optimization showed that the molecule has stable conformation, has potential energy -99219.0042 kcal mol-1and heat of formation 184.4424 kcal mol-1. The Mulliken population analysis is noted that the carbon atom has a higher energy variation, with a value of 0.6338 KJ Mol-1 and the Hydrogen atoms has the smallest variation, which is 0.1843 KJ Mol-1 identifying the nucleophilic sites located in nitrogen atoms.

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The Effect of Integer Song-aided Instruction in The Students' Performance in Mathematics[ ]


The purpose of this research was to test the effect of Integer Song-Aided Instruction in the students’ performance in Mathematics. A sequential explanatory design was used to investigate the effect of using integer song in teaching the operations of integers for Grade 7 K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum students. A pre-test was given to both groups. Group A (control group) received normal textbook instruction while Group B (experimental group) received the treatment, integer song-aided instruction. Afterwards, a post-test was given to both groups. Pre-test-post-test scores and gain scores were used to compare gains in subject knowledge between the groups. After the experimentation, a qualitative phase was carried out to follow-up and refine quantitative results.

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Van de Graaff Associated with Vacuum Water Treatment for Filtering Water Microorganisms and Impurities[ ]


There is no effective way to keep the humanity living on the currently existing water resources. Water pollution had been shown alarming obstacle. So, it is one of the most important grand challenges that is a must to solve. In order to overcome water crisis, it is suggested to use vacuum system.

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Insomnia[ ]


According to the research conducted by the World Health Organization in 2001 in Dallas, Texas, insomnia victims are tremendously increasing in the locality due to different life stresses. Furthermore, the statistics reveal that 37% of individuals in the locality are jobless and homeless as result of an economic depression in the state. As a result, many people are undergoing hardships that have led to the disorder.

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Phytoplankton communities under fluctuating hydrological upwelling conditions off Cape Juby (28°N) in the Canary Current System (Northwest Africa)[ ]


Phytoplankton in the Canary Current System coastal upwelling region is considered as an important compartment and play a significant role in the food web. This work studies the effect of hydrological conditions on the distribution and dynamics of phytoplankton communities of Cape Juby (28°N) from 2009 to 2010 at different seasons. A strong correlation was observed between the upwelling intensity fluctuations and the phytoplankton community quantitative variability. Multivariate analysis of the environmental and biological variables enabled highlight an important spatial and temporal variability in the community structure, closely related to sea water temperatures and macro-nutrients rates variations, particularily NH4 and PO4, governed by upwelling seasonnality that characterize cape Juby area.

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Proposal of Open Pit Mining of Barapukuria Coal field, Dinajpur, Bangladesh[ ]


The advancement of the Energy sectors has suffering from a lack of long-term planning; therefore, the worse still is that there are no firm statistics available to exemplify the country’s demand, supply and capability of power and gas generation. Low availability of commercial energy source can be one of the major decisive obstacles to the country’s economic development; however, almost 70% of total commercial energy needs is met by natural gas in Bangladesh. Many experts believe that the hypo situation of energy is due to the unconditional reliance on gas that abridges the country’s progress to one step forward. The probable alternative solution ensuring the energy security for sustainable human development is to implement of using the proper inhabitant energy sources, particularly in case of coal that is the second largest energy sources of Bangladesh. Having an impressive reserve of coal, the in-sight development of that sector cannot highly noticeable; additionally the country is leading with only one operating coal mine - Barapukuria coal mine. The annual production rate of Barapukuria coal mine is about 1 million tons that is both far beyond to fulfill the energy crisis of the nation and also much lower in terms of its demonstrative reserve. Although the mining progression only in the central part is not a single cause of low production, however, the lacking of the modern technology, inability of controlling the mining related hazards and challenge of renovating the mine vastly obstructs the mine to reach its target. A massive survey of that field provides a positive sign of mining towards Northern and Southern part of the basin. Numerical models illustrate a clear view of the overall strip ratio, ranging 3.5:1 to 11:1 where the minimal variation has found towards Northern part of the basin with an estimated range of 4.706:1. Considering the perspective analysis of the results of some numerical models and mining-engineering parameters, authors are suggesting a small scale opening up of the Northern and Southern part through an appropriate method and also proposing some safety measures of some possible or probable recognized hazards related to the proposed mining method.

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JUSTCE: A Secured and Reliable E-learning Portal[ ]


E-learning means electronic learning. Generally it means to deliver any type of course for school, university and other business purpose by using computer and internet. Now a day’s e-learning system is becoming more popular day by day. There are two types of e-learning systems they are synchronous and asynchronous e-learning system. Most of the e-learning portal includes both synchronous and asynchronous features. Though there are many but WebCT and Blackboard are two popular e-learning systems till now. Both systems have its’ own advantages and limitations. In this paper, we have proposed an architecture for e-learning portal called JUSTCE (JUST Center of Education). The portal includes both synchronous and asynchronous features. Separate server to provide authenticated access and synchronous and asynchronous service makes the architecture more secured and reliable. Moreover more useful facilities have been added in the proposed portal. The aim of this work is to provide an easy, fast, more useful and secured e-learning portal for learners and teachers.

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Rubber Processing is detrimental to environment: A case study[ ]


Natural Rubber is an abundantly available in India. In fact, India is the fifth largest producer of natural rubber in the world [Source: ANRPC, 2015]. NR is obtained in the form of latex, which is collected from the hevea brasiliensis tree. Natural rub-ber is used in many manufacturing industries for the production of rubber products after chemical treatment, which is gen-erally known as rubber processing. In the present study, we have made an investigation of the operation of rubber pro-cessing to identify whether rubber processing yields any kind of by product or waste which is detrimental to the environ-ment. So, in this connection, the whole operation of rubber processing including the waste disposal system is meticulously studied and subsequently the waste water sample from the discharge point is collected and analyzed to meet the stated ob-jective.

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Radio over Fiber Technology[ ]


Radio-over-fiber (RoF) is an integration of microwave and optical networks for wireless access. It is a promising technology competent to provide simple antenna front ends, greater wireless access coverage and capacity. RoF system has been dependant on well established technology for base band signals, based on direct detection and intensity modulated links, enable to provide implementation of very low cost. This baseband optical communication with digital signals processing allows advanced modulation formats to be used. The ample advantages of using an optical fiber such as its light weight, less loss, larger bandwidth, tiny size and low cost of cable makes it most suitable for transporting radio signals to antenna sites efficiently, situated remotely in a wireless network.

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF BAMBARA NUT WASTE AND DRY BREWERS SPENT GRAIN AS DRY SEASON FEED SUPPLEMENTS FOR WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP[ ]


A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dry season supplementation of bambara nut waste or dry brewers spent grain on growth performance and blood metabolites (blood plasma ammonia and blood plasma urea) of West African dwarf sheep. A total of nine sheep (six females and three males) were randomly divided into three treatment groups of three sheep per treatment with one sheep serving as a replicate. The first group (control) was only allowed to graze. They were herded out at 08:00hours and brought back at 17:00hours.

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An Experimental Investigation to Create Human Comfort Jacket[ ]


Faster, mightier & smaller” is still a keyword for each and every invention, followed in development also. In this day-to-day world we look for the compactness and efficiency of any product. Keeping this in our mind we have attempted to design and fabricate an economical and reliable unit known as “Thermo Electric air conditioner”.This paper aims on conditioning the thermal environment lower or higher than the ambient so as to produce comfort to human body according to the ambient conditions. The paper mainly points on the development of a portable air-conditioning unit that facilitate the on sight comfort of workers or two wheeler drivers by cooling the jacket worn by them. The device has two sides, and when DC current flows through the device, it brings heat from one side to the other, so that one side gets cooler while the other gets hotter. The blower attached to the device will blow off the hot or cold air from either of the sides to the pipe attached to the jacket according to the ambient conditions.

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Simulation using Computational fluid Dynamics (CFD) for Semi-Circular Breakwater during flow over it[ ]


Semi-Circular breakwater (SBW) is an emerging area for research on which research is still going on to find various hydrodynamic performance characteristics and flow studies over it. Due to round shape of its top it is expected that stability of SBW is high as compared to other breakwaters.

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New Security Concept and Analytical-Transdisciplinary Approaches to Hydro Politics[ ]


Sustainable water management in transboundary river basins have gained more importancy related with climate change induced uncertainty that have increased since last 30 years. It is obvious that beside of water shortage, uncertainty also can create more tension between neighbouring countries in near future. Because the current status of governance of transboundary basins shows that 60% of transboundary basins do not have any agreements. One can also see that 80% of existing agreements are bilateral .Beside of this situation many agreements don’t provide for regular data-sharing/ notification. They also don’t establish water allocation&benefit-sharing criteria/processes. They don’t contain dispute prevention/settlement rules and don’t apply to entire river basin / aquifer system, etc. It seems that a new generation of literature will have somehow different hydropolitics definition to cover the new security concept that is differenet than that of cold war era security.This will influence the hydro diplomacy concepts in international relationships in the 21 st Century. In an attempt to help to clarify a new hydro politics concept, the article proposes an analytical- transdisciplinary approach to Hydro Politics Research. But this study does not attempt to have the final say or an exact definition on new hydropolitics concept. The philosphy behind this study is try to identify the hydropolitcs in connection with new world order and new security concept of 21st Century. In this Century Climate change related Water, Energy, Food, Environment security and their interrelations will play more important role for national and regional security issues.

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ENERGY EFFICIENT MULTI LAYER PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK[ ]


In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), extensive life span requirement for diverse applications and limited energy storage ability of sensor nodes has led to the discovery of a new field for reducing the power consumed by nodes. To raise sensor node’s life span, protocols have to be energy efficient so that they can reduce energy consumption in each layer mainly physical layer (i.e., power control), MAC layer (i.e., retransmission control) and network layer (i.e., routing protocol). In this paper, we explore various protocols in physical layer, Mac layer and Network layer to provide an energy efficient network.

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Ab-initio Density Functional Theory Core and Concentration of Al Asx P1-x Nanocrystal Alloying Composition [ ]


Ab-initio Density function theory (DFT) method which coupled with Large Unit Cell (LUC) approximation have been used to simulate elec-tronic structure properties. III-V zinc-blende AlP, AlAs semiconductors and their alloy Aluminum Arsenide phosphide Nano crystals structure of dimensions (1.62 - 2.12)nm which has been calculated as a function of concentration of arsenide (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) and sizes(8, 16, 54 and 64) nanocrystals core atoms respectively. Gaussian 03 code program has been used throughout this study to calculate a physical properties such as energy gap , lattice constant , valence and conduction band as well as density of state (DOS) . Results show that the lattice constant increases with the increasing in the arsenide concentration in the alloy. The total energy, cohesive energy, electron affinity and ionization potential as well as ionicity for these concentrations have been reported.

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Experimental Investigation of the Performance Characteristics of NDWCT Assisted with Fan Driven by Water in Iraq[ ]


Natural Draft Wet Cooling Tower (NDWCT) is a device with high initial cost used to cool water by the mean of a combination of heat and mass transfer project. It is used normally with long term projects. The use of NDWCT is limited by weather conditions where cold and dry weather is the best one. Experimental test done using Water Driven Draft Assistance Fans (WDDAF) mechanism to increase NDWCT efficiency. The mechanism shows a good enhancements in tower parameter where water to air mass flow rate decreases by about (28.33%), tower range is enhanced by (11.54%), cooling capacity enhanced by (14.8%), and air relative humidity and total pressure drop are enhanced by (8.66) and (2.44) respectively. This kind of enhancements can be used to decrease tower shell size, increasing efficiency, increase air mass flow rate in specific areas, and decreasing costs. The mechanism can cover wide weather condition where FAND is required and can use with mechanical towers with some manipulations.

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LOAD DEMAND FORECAST FOR CAPACITY ALLOCATION AND GENERATION EXPANSION PLANNING USING REGRESSION ANALYSIS[ ]


This paper predicts the electrical load demand forecast in Nigeria by the year 2032. The data used in this work cover electrical energy consumption in Nigeria from (2000-2012) broken down into three categories: residential, commercial and industrial. The data are collected from the national Bureau of statistics and the central Bank of Nigeria, Statistical Bulletin, for analysis. Least-square regression techniques were used for the analysis and investigation. The analyzed results were used for the prediction of the lord energy demand forecast in Nigeria in year 2032, which evidently give a totaling of residential, commercial and industrial load demand of 20136.41MW. The energy dem and forecast is an essential activity of electric power providers, without an “accurate” picture of the future, which may be based upon in the pass-history, over-capacity or (under-capacity) in the power system may seriously result to unexpected cost. The load forecast result, obtained served as the input data for “capacity –allocation” and generation expansion planning.

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OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION FOR EXPANSION PLANNING AND COST-SAVING, USING DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUES[ ]


This paper formulated the framework of optimization of electric power generation for expansion planning and cost saving. The inability of the Nigeria power system to generate enough electric power, has led to extra-ordinary power losses on the line due to the over load problems, thereby making the power system planning, and running cost outrageous. The research technique considered the application of decomposition method for an optimization search in a way to break-down the capacity allocation (that is, the forecasted load or energy demand for twenty (20yrs) projection was determined, which served as the input data for capacity allocation to the generating stations in Nigeria, which include some of the following:2250MW capacity to Afam, 2350MW capacity to Sapele and 3000MW capacity to Egbin power generating station as expected power to be generated from these station).

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Assessment of plant species assemblages with their distribution in an open cast mining area of Raniganj coalfield, West Bengal, India[ ]


The present work reveals in all 57 species belonging to 22 families on an overburden dump in Bankola area in Raniganj coalfield of West Bengal, India. The sampling procedure was performed according to the quadrat method. Nine plots were sampled and tree, shrub and herb species were identified. Species frequency, density, dominance and importance value index (IVI) were calculated using standard methods. The most dominant species in the area was Solanum sisymbriifolium (23.02). The lowest IVI value was found in Tribulus terrestris (1). Fabaceae and Asteraceae were the most dominant families recorded. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) analysis represents the relationship among all species and heterogeneity of dominance of species was noticed throughout the study area. Availability of the existing plantation in the wastelands enables initiation of the remediation process through revegetation of desired plant species in the concerned spaces to accomplish restoration of the habitat conditions to a stable state.

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A correlation of global and local color histograms with support vector machine for effective image retrieval[ ]


The dynamic content based image retrieval (CBIR) needs effective extraction of low-level elements and quick query image comparison for retrieval of similar images. In this work, concentrate on the issues of productive extraction of elements and the powerful coordinating of images in the different areas. In the proposed strategy the color elements will be separated from the tint, immersion Hue Saturation Value(HSV) color space, texture elements are extricated utilizing gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM) and the Sobel edge detection method was utilized for shape feature extraction. The productive coordinating of query image with database images, Euclidean separation measurements is utilized to gauge similitudes. The proposed strategy has been trying by utilizing Wang's Corel picture database and the restorative images were gathered from Internet sources. The exploratory results demonstrate that the proposed technique has powerful image retrieval for different query images with low-level image features. Global color dispersions have been effectively utilized as marks for article acknowledgment. Be that as it may, these strategies are exceptionally touchy to halfway impediments and to foundation locales. Our methodology is coordinated to minimize these impacts by working with little neighborhoods. We look at worldwide and nearby color representations on a programmed object acknowledgment framework. Nearby representations essentially beat worldwide representations as far as acknowledgment rates. Nearby color circulations are a solid requirement when items comprise of particular neighborhood locales. Support vector machines are utilized amid the acknowledgment procedure as a part of request to expand the acknowledgment rate.

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Ethiopia: The case of Bahrdar and Gondar cities[ ]


The small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) have been credited with huge contribution to the growth of the developed economies of the world. In the same element, the Information Communication Technology (ICT) has played their own part in those economies.

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Design of an Energy Efficient Half Adder, Code convertor and Full Adder in 45nm CMOS Technology[ ]


CMOS Technology has been evolved greatly in past and the designing of the circuits depends directly on the technology one uses. Electronic system consists of a number of block elements which forms the base of the circuit and the efficiency of these components will govern the overall performance of the system. Adders and Code converters are used repeatedly in the circuits requiring counting, encoding and decoding. Thus their performance needs to be high. A Novel approach has been applied for the designing of these elementary blocks using Cadence Virtuoso tool for simulation.

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Efficient PID Controller Architecture for Autopilot based MAV Applications[ ]


In this paper implementation of digital PID controller using the concept of approximate adder for unmanned aerial vehicle is presented. Nowadays embedded control applications requires low power and fast acting PID controllers with a closed loop performance using less resources, resulting in cost reduction. In digital PID controller error signal is generated by using comparator which is analog in nature. By using ADC it is converted in to digital. There is no need to use ADC or DAC in ADPID. By using Approximate Arithmetic concept, the power consumption of the PID Controller is reduced inorder to increase flight time of MAV. The controller algorithm is synthesized, simulated using Cadence RTL Compiler mapped to TSMC 65 nm Technology Library. The results demonstrates that the proposed architectures are consuming low power than the conventional architecture.

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Comparative study of mobility support techniques for IPv6 based RPL[ ]


Mobility support for Low Power and Lossy Networks called as LLNs have always been an challenging research topic. The routing protocol for LLNs known as RPL (Routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks) do not support the mobility of the nodes since it has been designed mainly for static network. In this paper we present various routing techniques which supports the mobility in RPL for LLNs and highlights the performance issues of each routing technique. The aim of the paper is to do a comparative study of different techniques in terms of packet delivery ratio, delay, overhead and energy consumption over standard RPL.

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Hydrological and Hydrochemical Studies of the Groundwater Aquifer of Harrat Khaybar Area, North of Saudi Arabia[ ]


Factor analysis (FA) was applied to groundwater chemistry data of northern area of Hrrat Khyber northeastern part of Al Madinah region, to assess the usefulness of such method for interpreting commonly collected groundwater. The first two factors represent two major chemical processes were identified and represent 51.3 % of the total variance which may adequate for describing the groundwater chemistry processes that have taken place in the area. Factor 1 represents the degree of the overall mineralization of the groundwater due to weathering of Basaltic rocks and intensive evaporation rates. Factor 2 might display the groundwater pollution by NO3, which commonly linked to the on-site sewage disposal systems used in the region. The rest of the factors (3 to 7) reflect as a single variable, confirm that these variables are largely independently controlled and describe the unique factors assumed to be uncorrelated with each other and with common factors.

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Ultrafiltration of Simulated Oily Wastewater Using the Method of Taguchi[ ]


A study on the treatment of simulated oily wastewater for that generated from the process of fuel oil treatment at the gas turbine power plant was performed. The feasibility of using hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane in a pilot plant was investigated. Three different variables: pressure (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 bars), oil content (10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm), and temperature (15, 20, 30 and 40 áµ’C) were manipulated with the help of Taguchi method. Analysis of variable (ANOVA) and optimum condition was investigated. The study shows that pressure has the greatest impact on the flux of UF process. It was noticed that more than 96% oil removal can be achieved and flux of 624 L/m2.hr by UF process and that the fouling mechanism of UF process follows the cake/gel layer filtration model. Process optimization was conducted with a confirmation test. It was concluded that the observed values are within ±5% of that the predicted which reflects a strong representative model.

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Study of Quasi-Z-Source CHB Multilevel Inverter with Switched-Inductor[ ]


This paper presents a new Switched-Inductor based Quasi-Z-Source Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (SL-qZS-CHB-MLI) with increased boost voltage applicable to PV power system. Each unit of the proposed SL-qZS-CHB-MLI is comprised of a Quasi-Z-Source (qZS) network with switched-inductor cell, and a full H-Bridge cell. The switched-inductor cell contains three diodes and two inductors. The qZS network enables the operation of shoot-through state control to provide boosted output voltage. The presence of switched-inductor increases the boost gain for the same shoot through duty ratio as compared with qZS-CHB-MLI. The performance analysis of the proposed topology in terms of THD for various output voltage levels under simple boost control with multicarrier PWM technique is presented with the simulated results using MATLAB. The simulation results obtained from the proposed topology provides extended boost output voltage with reduced THD.

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Recent Foraminifera from the Gosthani River Estuary back water along the East Coast of India Andhra Pradesh[ ]


The present study has led to recognition of a total of 92 foraminifera species from the gosthani estuary. They are grouped in 47 genera and 28 families. Eight families account for 64% of the species: Mililiadae (22), Rotaliidae (8), Elphididae (8), Lituolidae (6), Bolivinitidae (6), Textularia (5), Nodosariidae (5), and Nonionidae (4) of the 92 species identified, so are scarce and the remaining 20 are abundant in occurrence. The scarce species are grouped into stenohaline marine, slightly to moderately euryhaline, and truly euryhaline forms. Among the abundant foraminifers, Ammonia beccarii, A. beccarii tepida. Elphidium simplex, Quinqueloculina seminulum and Textularia aggutinans are ubiquitous in the estuary.

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Effects of Coconut Fiber and Marble waste on properties of Concrete[ ]


This project presents the versatility of coconut fibers with mixture of marble waste and its applications in civil engineering as construction materials. In this project not only the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of coconut fibers and marble waste are described; but also properties of composites (cement pastes, mortar and/or concrete etc), in which coconut fibers and marble wastes are used as admixture, are discussed with proper practical aspects. It carries out on the basis of conclusions drawn by different researchers in last few decades. Marble can increase the compressive strength of concrete that is discussed with the help of experiments and coconut fiber maintains the internal temperature of concrete so it prevents from weathering effects. The aim of this project is to spread awareness of coconut fibers and marble waste as a construction material in civil engineering.

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Rail Fence Cryptography in Securing Information[ ]


Rail Fence Cipher is a further development method of Caesar Cipher. In Caesar algorithm, the results derived from the ciphertext letters shifting each character in the plaintext. While in the Rail Fence, it is taken from the ciphertext block formation matrix diagonally. The level of security in this method has advantages than in the previous method. In this study, the research tries to encrypt and decrypt the message using the Rail Fence algorithm. The ciphertext is obtained by taking a certain set of characters in the line that has been determined earlier.

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Encryption of Video Images Using Arduino Card[ ]


It is obvious that encryption field nowadays play a vital role in securing sensitive data in all means of communication or establishments including wired, wireless or the Internet. Among the three main types of communication media, Video is considered the most common and preferable type that is used an all social communication sites. However, as the rates of electronic crimes increases day after day, it is required that the process of capturing and transferring video be secured with the mostly secured and less costly method to protect the privacy and security of people. On the other hand the field of using embedded platforms using dedicated cards such as Arduino, Genuino and raspberry pi has now witnessed a new way to improve or add a new set of specialized functionalities to common devices such as wireless cameras.

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Design of a Universal Disc Brake Caliper Compressor[ ]


When brake pads wear, they cause the piston in the caliper to move further out of its bore inorder to compensate for the lining wear. The Disc Brake Caliper piston (DBCP) compressor is used in servicing brakes. When the lining wear out, the brake pads are replaced by manually turning a simple handle on the DBCP to push the spreader plate to press the brake caliper piston inwards after which a new set of brake pads are fixed .

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Forest Fire Detection using Wireless Sensor[ ]


With the advancement in human technology the risk of natural and man induced catastrophes increased exponentially. One of most dangerous disaster is forest fire. The forest fire represents continuous threat to species of flora as well as fauna. This paper highlights the powerful feature of wireless sensors for forest fire detection. The sensor data is collected using Arduino development board and transmitted to base station wirelessly. Also an alert is send using GSM module.

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