Volume 6, Issue 7, July 2015 Edition

Publication for Volume 6, Issue 7, July 2015.

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Enhancing Content Extraction from Multiple Web Pages by Noise Reduction[ ]


With excessive growth of Internet, World Wide Web has become great source of Information which has been well known as big data repository consist of different variety of web pages with informative data as well as large amount of non-informative (noisy) data such as advertisements, navigational bars, copyright notices, etc. Although such noisy data is functionally useful, web users are unable to obtain more exact information is a critical issue of web-based information retrieval. Non-informative data not only degrades the web application performance but also reduces user’s interest or can mislead user. As a result, retrieving the informative data from web pages which are cluttered with huge non-informative data has become difficult task. Hence reducing such noisy data from web pages has gain immense importance in early days. In this paper, we have developed Webpage Content Searching technique which focuses on retrieving user needed informative content by characterizing non-content as noise. Webpage Content Searching technique makes use of presentational and structural similarity along with content similarity which is calculated using FP-Growth algorithm to discriminate informative and non-informative data. Webpage Content Searching technique is effective for any number of web pages regardless of their domain.

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Extraction and Classification of Bet M Positive Negative Quantitative Association Rules[ ]


Data mining an interdiscriplinary research area spanning severl disciplines such as expert system, database system, intelligent information systems, machine learning and statistic

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Performance Analysis Of SIFT and SURF Approaches For Video Stabilization[ ]


Aerial video surveillance means gathering data form air so as to monitor the change in information usually of people to influence, manage, direct, or protect them. Aerial video surveillance provides large amount of data but usually suffers from unintentional motion of cameras due to which there is shakiness in the video. The main task of video surveillance is to track the moving object in moving platform. Video stabilization aims to remove the shakiness in the video caused by the undesired movement in the camera thus stabilizing the video captured during aerial surveillance. In the video stabilization algorithm for detecting and matching the interest points mainly Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) are used. Kalman filter and RANSAC are used to filter the noise and remove the outliers detected while extracting interest points. Finally affine transformation is applied to estimate the global motion parameters thus stabilizing the video. Present paper proposes the video stabilization technique that uses Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and extended kalman filters. SURF is used to detect the interest points and extended kalman filter is used for global motion detection, then using affine transformation for motion compensation thus stabilizing the video. Proposed system proved to be more accurate and efficient than the existing system.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF EDGE CUTSET MATRIX OF PETERSON GRAPH WITH ALGEBRAIC GRAPH THEORY[ ]


In this work Basic concepts of algebraic graph theory and its properties are reviewed and extended to the related concepts of edge cutset matrix in Peterson graph and its properties. The relation between edge cutset matrix and incidence matrix is Introduced Rank of the Peterson graph edge cutset matrix is also reviewed.

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Comparison of TCP I-Vegas with TCP Vegas in Wired-cum-Wireless Network[ ]


This paper compares the performance of TCP I-Vegas (where “I” stands for Improved) with conventional TCP Vegas, in wired-cum-wireless network. The performance is compared in terms of various parameters such as throughput, goodput, packet delivery ratio, number of packets received and number of packets dropped using Network Simulator (NS-2). Simulation results show that TCP I-Vegas performs well in all the parameters when compared with conventional TCP Vegas. Actually, TCP Vegas performs well as compared to TCP Reno but when sharing bandwidth with TCP Reno its performance degrades. TCP I-Vegas has been designed keeping in mind that whenever TCP variants like Reno has to share the bandwidth with TCP Vegas then instead of using TCP Vegas, if we may use TCP I-Vegas then the loss which TCP Vegas would have to bear will not be more.

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Using intermediate sinks to increase the lifetime of wireless sensor networks[ ]


Recent advancements in electronic and wireless telecom have provided ability of design and produce sensors with low consumption, small size, appropriate price, and variant functionalities. These small sensors which are able to do operations such as receiving different environmental information according to the type of the sensor, processing and sending that information have led to an idea to emerge and develop networks called wireless sensor networks. These sensors also have some limitations in their processing power, memory capacity, power supply, and etc. these limitations cause problems which are the origin of many research issues raised in this area. From important issues in this area is to increase network lifetime in order to better use of available resources. Appropriate routing can be a solution to decrease network’s energy consumption and also increase network lifetime. In this research, we have studied routing algorithms in wireless sensor networks and also have analyzed the impact of the number of network’s intermediate sinks on increasing the network lifetime.

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Comparative Studies on Phosphate and Non-phosphate Biodegradable Synthetic Detergent from Lokoja Quartzite[ ]


Surfactants and builders are the two most important ingredients in laundry, household and personal-care cleaning products. Based on the environmental consideration various detergent builders ranging from inorganic, organic and polymeric types have been developedSodium metasilicate an inorganic builder is an effective and quick-dissolving non-phosphate builder in detergent formulation that can replace the sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) which is not environmentally friendly because phosphates are excellent fertilizer for algae, bacteria, and other flora and fauna in rivers, lakes and oceans, making them bloom at very rapid rates, exhausting the oxygen supply both in the surface and in the bottom layers of water bodies, and killing fish. This phenomenon is called eutrophication. In this studies sodium metasilicate produced from Lokoja quartzite was used as a non- phosphate builder in the formulation of detergents which comprised of a mixture of 20 wt.% surface active agent (LABS) was formulated using 50 wt.% and 80 wt.% sodium meatasilicate (builder) separately, and the results of the properties of phosphate and non-phosphate detergents were compared.

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Synthesis strategy and application of Rare earth doped upconverting Nanoparticles in Bio-Imaging[ ]


Upconversion luminescence, a nonlinear process, which re-emits a photon at a shorter wavelength by the absorption of more than one photon, successively at longer wavelengths via long-lived intermediate energy states, is useful for important applications in various fields like fluorescence bio-imaging and lasers. This NIR up-conversion nanoparticle provides high penetration depth into biological tissue and results in high contrast optical imaging due to absence of an auto fluorescence background and decreased light scattering. Excitation at long wavelengths also minimizes damage to biological tissues. Herein, we report, the different mechanisms for the Upconversion process of rare-earth (Er3+, Ho3+, Tm3+) doped nanoparticle and different methods are used to synthesize and decorate up converting nanoparticle.

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Divide and Conquer Solution to Class-Imbalance Problem in Classification pattern[ ]


Large dataset and class imbalanced distribution of samples across the data classes are intrinsic propertied of the problems to be faced in the applications like bioinformatics, network security and text mining. The class imbalanced problem appears in the dataset, classification categories are not represented with approximately equal number of instances. In this paper, we have explored the solution to the problem of imbalanced representations of the classes in the dataset. In this method, instance selection is applied concurrently to the small class-balanced subsets of the training data. Then, subsets are combined based on the voting score calculated from the optimized pair of thresholds of minority and majority classes. We used support vector machine (SVM) and kNN classifier to perform the experiments on the dataset for analyzing the performance of proposed algorithm. On comparison, it is observe that proposed algorithm outperform the random sampling method. Further, proposed algorithm has linear computational complexity and can be easily be implemented using parallelism to have real-time performance.

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Greatest power density DC-DC Parallel Resonant Converter For Capacitor Charging[ ]


Pulsed power system find many application in the field of industries ,medical and even in the military field, nowadays the demand is concentrated on high power density and compact size, this will lead to increase the operating frequency of converter However increasing the frequency of operation also increases switching losses and hence reduces system efficiency. in order to reduce the losses resonant converters are used, in this paper proposed dc-dc resonant converter with high power density for capacitor charging is analyzed ,designed and verified with matlab simulation .

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Location of Zeros Of Polar Derivative of Polynomials With Real Coefficients[ ]


In this paper we obtain the size of the disc in which the zeros of polar derivatives of polynomial of degree n with real coefficients with respect to a real α lie.

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Governance Democracy: The Dynamics and Possibilities for Development in Africa[ ]


This article deals with the dynamics of governance in a democracy and its interconnectedness with national as well as continental development. Since political institutions are important in the development equation of any nation, because power and authority are needed for allocating resources needed for development, it highlights the imperatives of good governance in a democracy. It also notes that the extent of freedom of individuals or citizens in social, economic and political processes determines the success or otherwise of any democracy. The article, therefore, stresses that the interface of political current is governance that paves the way for development, particularly as development can be achieved only through collective efforts, directed by the predominant systems of government. Again, it emphasizes the need for the involvement of the citizens in participating in governance and the political process and equally the importance for accountability by the people at the corridors of power. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the essence for appropriate platforms to be instituted for the pursuit of the public good of the state and the need for their effective participation in the implementation of public policies for the acceleration of political, economic and social development of the state.

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Participatory Waste Management System an Option for Effective Urban Solid Waste Management in Enugu[ ]


The public sector solid waste management system has proved not to be very efficient in dealing with the huge business of managing urban waste. The informal sector participation may offer a more reliable and sustainable solution to the increasing problems of waste management. This paper presents the combination of formal and informal management system as a better option to the existing formal solid waste management system in Enugu.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nano particles for the removal of Cr (VI)[ ]


Hexavalent Chromium has been considered to be toxic and hazardous due to its carcinogenic properties. Yet various methods used for removal of Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater include filtration, chemical precipita-tion, electrode position, membrane systems or even ion exchange process, and adsorption. Nanotechnology is the most effective in treating environmental wastes because of the reduced amount of material needed for re-moval, and it is considered to be environmentally friendly. Its application in the future is enhancing as it is less toxic and gives better performance. The present work was conducted for the synthesis of Nano size zinc oxide for the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI). Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of Cr (VI) concentration, pH of solution, adsorbent dose, solution temperature, and contact time variations on the removal efficiency of Cr (VI). Zinc oxide nano material was synthesized by simple heating process using polyethylene glycol (PEG). FTIR analysis and TEM microscopy were applied for determination of particle size and characterization of produced nanoparticles. The results showed that the removal efficiency decreased with increasing Cr (VI) concentration, and increasing pH of solution and increased with increasing adsorbent dosage and increasing contact time. The optimum solution temperature that gave the maximum percentage removal of Cr (VI) was 60 oC.

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Narrowband Power line communication for Smart Grid[ ]


Smart grids reflect a modern day evolution of electricity networks in response to the need to minimize ecological impacts, improve system reliability and increase electrical and operational efficiencies. Smart grids also facilitate new applications and services and seamless integration of renewable sources. For a reliable communication and control, the communication technology used to implement the smart grid must have enough bandwidth to handle two-way data traffic. The technology must also be cost effective considering the sheer size and scale of electrical grids. Power Line communications (PLC) is a promising communication protocols for cost effective, secure and reliable realization of smart grids. This paper presents a disquisition on smart grid technologies with emphasis on PLC technologies. The role of PLC in the application of smart grids over the different voltage networks is also covered.

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Travel Motivation and Destination Image of Bali Indonesia in the Perspective of Senior Foreign Tourists[ ]


The strength of the senior traveler segment is the high purchasing power the length of stay in a destination, making this market segment increasingly important in present and future. Consequently, this research aims to establish a model of motivation and its relationship with the image of Bali as an international tourism destination, especially from the perspective of senior tourists. This research employed survey method and utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques. Factor analysis condensed various indicators into several key indicators to form a model with goodness of fit. Indicators representing push motivation variable include the improvement of health/fitness and the drive to perform physical exercise. Indicators representing destination identity variable include the culture and nature of Bali. Indicators representing destination creation variable include the service quality of travel agencies and service quality of travel guides. Indicators representing destination image variable include the image of cultural uniqueness and holiday atmosphere of Bali. The survey in this study involved 400 respondents of senior tourists, exclusively only foreign nationals. Goodness of fit is affirmed on the results of the analysis model, which answered the hypothesis that push motivation and destination creation affect destination image

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Engineering Design ability assessment process – Three axes system[ ]


Engineering Design is the applications of scientific and mathematical principles to a product. When we call someone an efficient designer? When they do it faster, cost effective, the product performs better than others, the user ask for the same product again and again, etc. All these are indicators of engineer’s design efficiency. To expect such efficiency from any engineer what qualities should they have and how do we understand their level? This research addresses this aspect by defining the process of designers ability assessment, breaking the basic traits and sub divisions, grading their achievement to different levels and connecting them to overall design ability allows us to quantify. This helps to understand where the engineer is standing and the design expectations we can put on them. This process sets objectives to prepare testing methods for the engineer’s assessment. The process aims to bring the quantified levels of design ability over three basic root elements of engineering design, Science, Sociology and Tactics. Placing them on grid one will be able to specify the level of the engineers and their design capability in a simple coordinate system. A beginner may fall at (1,1,1) and an efficient engineer gets measured as (3,3,3)

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Nanostructured Zinc Sulphide Thin Films[ ]


As an important II-VI semiconductor, with wide band gap energy of 3.7 eV, ZnS has been extensively studied due to its important applications in electronics and photonics [1-4] including light-emitting diodes, flat-panel displays, and photonic crystal devices, which operate in the region from visible to near infrared. Because of high refractive index (2.35) and high transmittance in the visible range, ZnS can be used as a reflector and dielectric filter in the area of optics [5, 6]. ZnS is a potentially important material to be used as an antireflection coating for heterojunction solar cells [7]. It is an important device material for the detection, emission and modulation of visible and near ultraviolet light [8, 9]. In recent years, nanocrystalline ZnS have attracted much attention because the properties in nanoforms differ significantly from those of their bulk counter parts. Therefore, much effort has been made to control size, morphology and polycrystallinity of the ZnS nanocrystals with a view to tune their physical properties [10].

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Consulting Career Paths[ ]


A company’s website is the firm impression that a job applicant gets. This is the only protocol by which a candidate can have the information about the corporate culture, values, norms, business and working strategies of any particular company. The way a company elaborates about the benefits and the advantages a candidate can get by securing a job in the company is key to work out the attitude of the firm towards their employees. In this particular analytical paper, we have chosen and analyzed three different consulting companies. All the companies have different workers' strength with diverse expertise and skill for a diverse client base. The prior experience of the chosen companies is almost same, but there is a difference in their development and performance. There is a clear difference in the presentation they provide about their companies on the website. Analyzing the three eminent consulting companies, the report concludes that sufficient information, articulate presentation, appropriate career path, defined benefits and orientation play a substantial role in persuading a candidate.

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Performance MPSK and MQAM Modulation on Cooperative Relaying Systems over Rayleigh Fading Environment[ ]


This paper presents the comparison of the performance of relaying strategies in a cooperative wireless system over Rayleigh fading channel. Since the quality of the channel cannot be predicted over an instant of time, there is need for the introduction of a relay node in order to improve the reliability of the received signal at the destination and extend the coverage area of the network. In cooperative wireless systems, the relay node employ amplify and forward (AF); and decode and forward (DF) protocols to retransmits the processed received signal using M-ary Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) and M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MQAM) modulation schemes. The destination node combines the received signals from both the relay node as well as the source node using maximum ratio combiner (MRC) due to its optimal performance. The combined signal is evaluated in terms of bit error rate and the result obtained showed that BPSK and 4-QAM has the lowest bit error rate at higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) in AF relaying and in DF relaying protocols because of their low symbol period.

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Competencies Requirements for a School Laboratory/ Workshop Maintenance Manager in Colleges of Education, in North-Eastern Region, Nigeria[ ]


The purpose of this paper is to describe the necessary competences and to develop a job competence model for an effective performance of school laboratory/ workshop maintenance managers in colleges of education in the north-eastern region, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey design and instrument used for the data collection was a researcher developed instrument which was validated and trial tested. the internal consistency of the instrument was found to be 0.83 using Cronbach Alpha method. Mean was used to answer the research questions. All the listed competencies were viewed important by the respondents. The resulted job competence model will be able to help the executives to answer the school’s human resources policies by providing useful information regarding the necessary competencies of a school laboratory/ workshop maintenance manager. The executives will be able to apply these competencies in order to strengthen the maintenance manager’s performances at an optimal level. This model will allow determining the necessary critical competencies of the actual success of the maintenance managers and the required critical competencies for manager’s future accomplishments.

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Comparison of Multicast Algorithms over Wireless Network[ ]


Multicast communication is a technique of passing information over large networks and it saves a lot of cost and resources. In this paper, the performances of three multicast algorithms used in wireless communication are compared based on their bandwidth utilization efficient multicast namely, the Improved Network Coding Algorithm (INCA) formulated as mixed Integer linear programming, the Network Coding Algorithm (NCA) formulated as linear program and the Multicast Incremental power algorithm (MIPA). Simulation was carried out and the results showed that the INCA with two performance metrics of loss and delay achieved reduction in the average cost of bandwidth used during multicast. For example when 60 randomly generated nodes were used multicasting to various groups of receivers, there was a reduction in the average cost of bandwidth used during multicast by 78% and 17% when compared to MIPA and NCA.

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Concept Mapping as a Strategy for Higher Performance in Automobile Engineering Exams[ ]


Worldwide, concept mapping is not a new technique. However, it is yet to be adapted to teaching Automobile Engineering (AE) at University of Maiduguri. In the area of AE, essay tests are the foundations of B. Eng. exams so often required by Examiners. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that practice on related instruments improves students’ performance on B. Eng. exams. Thus, the majority of exams given in the AE lecture rooms are essays. The purpose of this study is to determine if incorporating concept mapping to the lecture rooms will create more meaningful knowledge that will improve students’ performance on essay tests. AE courses were selected. Concept map training began in the first week of the instruction and continued throughout the semester as considered necessary. Four concept mapping assignments were assigned. The final exam results were compared to results from the same course taught a year before without concept mapping.

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THE WOMAN POPE?... (RAMANUJAM “WORD”)[ ]


This scientific research focus that the entire ‘Cosmo universe’ shall be considered ‘created’ by supernatural person called by name by author as ‘RAMANUJAM’ who consider created everything through “MOTHER JANAKI” (Soul). In proto Indo Europe root word RAMANUJAM, JANAKI shall be called as “APPA”, “PAPPA”. Appa shall mean “VIRGIN FATHER” (GOD) and pappa shall mean “VIRGIN MOTHER” (POPE). Pope shall be considered as integral part of CREATOR and not considered elected by HUMAN CARDINALS.

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A Literature Review of On-Chip Network Design with Dynamic Reconfiguration[ ]


The architecture for on chip network design using dynamic reconfiguration is a solution to Communication Interfaces, Chip cost ,Quality of Service, guarantee flexibility of the network. The proposed architecture dynamically configure itself with respect to Hardware Modules such as routers, Packet based Switch and data Packet size by changing the communication conditions and its requirements at rum time. In Noc, we are using Hexagonal node pattern to improve the communication performance. The proposed design avoids the limitations of bus-based interconnection schemes which are often applied in partially dynamically reconfigurable FPGA designs. With the help of this design we can achieve Low latency and high data throughput. In this paper we are reviewing the previous methods and approaches of Dynamic reconfiguration in NOC.

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GIS Based Multi Criteria Dicesion Analysis for Industrial Site Selection in Al-Nasiriyah City in Iraq[ ]


Site selection is one of the primary decisions in the start-up process and town planning, development or relocation of industries of all kinds. Building of a new industrial system is related with long term investment, and in this sense planning the site are a significant point on the road to progress or failure of the industrial system and that effect on all other services in the city. One of the main objectives in industrial site selection is finding the most suitable site with required conditions. A large number of researchers depend on GIS because the availability and its wide uses in site selection. GIS is a combination with other systems and methods such as the method for multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques can be used below such conditions to classify and rank options for subsequent complete evaluation, or to specify acceptable from unacceptable potentiality for many sites. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) can beneficially be used for assigning weights to various criteria in MCDA. The aim of the present study is to develop a methodology to use GIS and MCDA for a new industrial site in Al-Nasiriyah city. In this paper, we will try to find optimum solution for industrial estates site selection and applying solution in GIS

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Genetic Algorithm for Task Scheduling in Heterogeneous Distributed Computing System[ ]


Load balancing problem on Heterogeneous Distributed Computing System (HDCs) deals with allocation of tasks to computing nodes, so that computing nodes are evenly loaded. Due the complexity of dynamic load balancing problem majority of researchers uses heuristic algorithm to obtain near optimal solutions.We have used consistent ETC (Expected Time to Compute) matrix in to study the performance of Genetic algorithm to minimize the makespan

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Quantum algorithm for spectral diffraction of probability distributions[ ]


This article is focused on the creation of own algorithm for simulation of spectral diffraction of probabilistic distributions (SDPD) in the developed for the needs of this research interactive environment for simulation of quantum algorithms. The quantum spectral diffraction of probabilistic distributions is algorithm for transformation of probabilistic distributions, designed for implementation in quantum computers. The proposed method is original and new, so not to be compared with other similar methods.

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Measure of entanglement by Singular Value decomposition[ ]


This report describes an approach for representation of quantum entanglement through state matrix. The proposed approach could be used to allow encoding of more information. The Singular Value Decomposition is useful as a measure for entanglement because the unitary operations preserve it.

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Encoding and decoding of additional logic in the phase space of all operators[ ]


This report describes an approach for encoding and decoding of discrete information about basic states at the input of operators in the phase of their outputs. The decoding is considered as a special case of interference with four different forms of decoding that reflect the classes of identity and negation operators. If an operator decode another, he is able to read the information encoded in the phase space, and reduce the encoded bits to state or its negation. Decoding relationships have been developed both as regards the parameters of the operator and in terms of Boolean functions encoding. This further leads to an increase in the level of abstraction. The approach of the proposed system differs from previous discussions of phase encoding, making encoding a substantial part of all operators so that the correct encoded information can be determined from the parameters of the operators.

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Thermoluminescence of Mn doped ZnO Nanoparticles[ ]


Undoped and 2wt%, 4wt%, 6wt% Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by using Chemical Co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction data revealed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite phase of mean crystallite sizes 26.64 nm, 21.66 nm, 23.60 nm and 22.31 nm respectively obtained by Scherrer formula for undoped and Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles of different concentrations. Thermoluminescence studies of the nanoparticles of the above samples show TL peaks in three regions occurring around 346-361, 404 and 424-428 Kelvin. The thermal activation energy(E) of the peaks calculated by using CGCD technique are found to be 0.54 eV, 0.7eV and 0.83 eV respectively, with the first peak following nearly second order kinetics while the other two follow nearly first order kinetics. This result is in close agreement with those obtained by Chen’s Peak shape method

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