Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2020 Edition


Publication for Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2020

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The Role of Flexible Spaces in Public Buildings[ ]


These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for IJSER JOURNALS. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at IJSER. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the abstract. Do not delete the blank line immediately above the abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of this column. Don’t use all caps for research paper title.

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EFFECT OF AEROBIC CIRCUIT TRAINING AND SUSPENSION TRAINING ON BALANCE AND POWER AMONG SENIOR ATHLETES[ ]


The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of aerobic circuit training and suspension training on selected balance and power among senior athletes. To achieve the purpose, 30 male senior athletes were randomly selected as subjects from Alagapa University of and its affiliated colleges, India. Their age mean and height were 38±2.1 years, 172±1.5 cm respectively. They were randomly divided into three equal groups, and each group consisted of ten (n = 10) subjects, in which, Group I underwent aerobic circuit training, Group II underwent suspension training and Group III acted as control. All the subjects in the experimental groups (I & II) were given their respective training programme was performed three days/wk training for twelve weeks duration. The study was restricted to the following selected dependent variables namely balance and power; they were tested by standardized test items such as stroke balance stand test and standing board jump test. The participants were trained for twelve weeks of three days a week (alternate days). A pre and post test randomized design was employed for this investigation. The collected data were statistically analysed by using dependent-‘t’ test and ANCOVA. The Scheffe’s test was used as post-hoc test to determine which of the paired means differed significantly where the differences in adjusted post-test means resided in univariate ANCOVA among three groups. All the above statistical analysis tests were computed at 0.05 level of significance (P<0.05). It was concluded that, the aerobic circuit training and suspension training groups had significantly improved the participant’s balance and power when compared than the control group and also made significant differences among experimental and control groups. The suspension training group had significantly outperformed than the aerobic circuit training group on participant’s selected balance and power. However, the control group had not shown any significant improvement on selected variables.

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The Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Isolated Bacteria from Chicken faces samples in District Mansehra, Region, KPK, Pakistan[ ]


The poultry are exaggerated by enteric ailments; this ailment is one of the most important groups of diseases and is current to cause high financial losses in many areas around the globe due to increased death rates, decreased weight gain, increased medication costs and increased feed change rates. Several pathogens are involved as possible causes of enteric disorders either alone (mono-causal), in synergy with different other microorganisms. The objective of the study to determine the frequency of antibiotic susceptibility microbes in poultry industry. This study was conducted in district Mansehra region during the month of July to November 2018 to determine the frequency of antibiotic susceptibility microbes in the fresh chicken faces at different poultry farm of Dhodyal, Buffa and Shinkyari region of district Mansehra, Region, KPK, Pakistan. In this study total of 204 fresh faces sample were collected from poultry farm of district Mansehra region and then isolation and identification of the pathogenic bacteria were done by standard microbiological techniques. The number of 204 fresh faces samples of chicken were collected out of which 134 from Dhodyal, 40 from Baffa, and 30 from Shinkyari. The E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were isolated from the tested. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated bacteria was tested against 6 commonly used antibiotics Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Kanamycin, Cefotoxime and Gentamycin. E. coli shown a high resistance to Ampicillin followed by Streptomycin, while less resistance was noted against Gentamycin, Cefotoxime Kanamycin and Enrofloxacin. Salmonella show high resistance to Ampicillin followed by Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Cefotoxime, Enrofloxacin and Gentamycin, Klebsiella, Shigella, Proteus, Pseudomonas Streptococcus and Staphylococcus was shown high resistance against Ampicillin, followed by Streptomycin however less resistance was observed against Gentamycin Kanamycin Enrofloxacin and Cefotoxime. The present outcome gave a sign that poultry waste can fill in as a natural store for different anti-microbial resistant microorganisms and subsequently can fill in as potential courses for the passage of multidrug resistant zoonotic pathogen in the person. This has a very criticalness derivation for human wellbeing, as multidrug resistant diseases were risky to treat and every now and again required exorbitant antibiotics and long duration treatment.

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Prediction of Bubble Point Pressure Using Artificial Neural Networks in the Niger Delta[ ]


A model was developed to predict the bubble point pressure of saturated reservoirs. The model was based on artificial neural networks and was developed using 700 generic data sets which are representative of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The data set was first cleaned to remove erroneous and repeated data points. After cleaning, 618 data points were remaining. Of the 618 data points, 463 were used to train the ANN model, 93 were used to cross-validate the relationships established during the training process and the remaining 62 were used to test the model to evaluate its accuracy. A backward propagation network utilizing the LM algorithm was used in developing the model. The first layer consisted of four neurons representing the input values of reservoir temperature, API oil gravity, gas specific gravity, and solution GOR. The second (hidden) layer consisted of 26 neurons, and the third layer contained one neuron representing the output value of the bubble point pressure. The results showed that the developed model provides better predictions and higher accuracy than the existing empirical correlations considered when exposed to an additional 13 data points which were unseen by the model during its development. The model provided predictions of the bubble point pressure with an absolute average percent error of 3.98%, RMSE of 177.6479 and correlation coefficient of 0.9851. Trend analysis was performed to check the behavior of the predicted values of P_b for any change in reservoir temperature, oil API gravity, gas gravity and solution GOR. The model was found to be physically correct. Its stability indicated that it did not overfit the data, implying that it was successfully trained.

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Weed Detection through Image Processing in Agriculture[ ]


Agriculture is the backbone of human sustenance on this world. Due to increasing population day by day peoples require more productive capacity of the agriculture to fulfill their demands at present. In former days they used natural methods to increase the productivity, such as using the dung, urine as a fertilizer in the fields that resulted increase in the productivity enough to meet the requirements of the population. But later people started thinking of earning more profits by getting more output. So, there came a revolution called “Green Revolution”. In this paper we execute image processing using means to detect the weed areas in an image we took from the fields. Image processing has been proved to be effective tool for analysis in various fields and applications of an agriculture sector. So we got success in increasing the productivity but we have forgotten the damage done to the environment, which will affect this beautiful earth. So, in this paper, we have implemented some methods to reduce the usage of herbicides by spraying them only in the areas where weed is present. In this paper, we have implemented image processing using to detect the weed areas in an image we took from the fields.

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OPTIMUM POWDER FACTOR SELECTION IN BLAST HOLES AT DANGOTE LIMESTONE QUARRY, OBAJANA, NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA[ ]


This study examined the selection of powder factor in blast holes at Dangote limestone quarry, located in Obajana, Kogi State, North-Central Nigeria. After preliminary field studies, ten (10) blasts with varying designs and powder factors were studied and three (3) rock samples carefully collected from the limestone quarry for laboratory determination of their uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and loads at failure. Large blast holes diameters of 150 mm were maintained throughout the study, while burden was kept at 4 m and spacing varied between 4 m and 4.5 m. The stemming height and sub-drill were equally kept constant at 3 m and 1 m respectively. Primer charge of 0.25 kg and bulk charge of 25 kg per carton were used as a unit for each blast hole. The ten (10) blasts indicated a range of powder factors from 0.556 kg/m3 to 0.659 kg/m3 or 0.22kg/ton to 0.26kg/ton. Results of the study, therefore, showed that the company’s quarry has limestone of medium strength range of 30Mpa-50Mpa which requires a powder factor of between 0.4kg/m3 and 0.6kg/m3 or 0.22kg/ton and 0.26kg/ton. Hence, an average powder factor of 0.58kg/m3 or 0.24kg/ton is considered optimal for blasting operation in the company. The rock fragment size was observed visually to be very good with fewer boulders. The average UCS of the company’s limestone is, therefore, found to be 31.2Mpa with maximum load at failure of 49.9kN.

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Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds with special reference to anti inflammatory potential of Centella asiatica[ ]


Living tissues, when injured or infected will produce inflammatory responses. Lysosomal enzymes released during inflammation causes plenty of disorders, which leads to tissue injury by damaging the macromolecules and lipid peroxidation of membranes. These are assumed to be responsible for certain pathological conditions as heart attacks, septic shocks and rheumatoid arthritis etc. The extracellular activities of these enzymes are said to be related to acute or chronic inflammation. It has been reported that the presence of protease inhibitors at the site of inflammation has a crucial role in limiting the destructive activity of proteases that are liberated from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other necrotizing tissues. The inhibition of these proteases by other normally occurring inhibitors and synthetic ones could be one of the significant steps in preventing tissue damage during inflammation. This study supports the isolation and use of active components from Centella asiatica in treating inflammatory responses. C. asiatica is a medicinal herbaceous aromatic creeper which has been valued for centuries in ayurveda. Phytochemical analysis of C. asiatica leaf extracts revealed the presence of different biochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids and saponins etc. The Bioassay-guided column chromatography of the plant extract was done using hexane-chloroform as mobile phase and the active fractions were examined by TLC using toluene: ethyl acetate (2:8) as mobile phase. The GC-MS of the active fraction identified the active compounds in the extract was Phytol. The proteinase inhibitory assay of the purified compound shows 67.29% inhibition were as the standard inhibitor (PMSF) shows an inhibition of 53.2%. Molecular docking studies revealed that the compounds are thermodynamically feasible and has significant glide scores. The ADMET analysis shows that the compound obeys the Rule of Five with one violation (MLOGP>4.15).

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The Role of Accounting Information Systems In Rationalizing Pricing Decisions Field Study in Iraqi Textile & Sewing Companies[ ]


Accounting literature reports that pricing policy in any organization cannot success unless an efficient, accurate, and comprehensive accounting information system is available including cost systems. However, cost accounting information systems are divers and vary depending on the situation. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of the textile and sewing establishments in Iraq to use more efficient accounting methods in forming the pricing policy. Currently, the majority of these establishments still using the full cost method for this purpose. The study adopts the empirical method to approach its objectives by choosing (30) organizations to survey. Questionnaire forms were developed according to the research requirements and distributed on officials concerned in the selected companies with pricing decisions. Data collected is analyzed using the quantitative and statistical techniques. The results indicated that the use of other methods of pricing, i. e., the marginal cost method and the addition ratio method, may offer the organizations better opportunities to utilize from its benefits, evaluate the alternative, lowering the prices and thus attracts more customers, face the competition, and have good market share. This paper contributes to the literature by providing valid analyzes of all the available accounting methods for pricing especially in the area of cost accounting and suggest many valid recommendations for Iraqi textile and sewing organizations to follow.

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EXPLORING ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH NATURAL VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING IN TROPICAL HALLS[ ]


Exploring energy efficiency through natural ventilation and air-conditioning simply means minimizing the energy consumption of a building with its local climate. Understanding energy use in building design is of great gain to the developer, architect or users in our modern-day meeting facilities. Building designers are looking to optimize building efficiency and then incorporate renewable energy technologies, leading to the creation of zero-energy buildings. This paper seeks to dissertate important points on how our local climate can be used to enhance the internal comfort of large halls in the tropical region, especially in Nigeria, through passive cooling techniques. This is a response to the discomfort been experience in our meeting halls in Rivers state, Nigeria. The study revealed several significant findings including that the total annual energy consumption of a conference building in Nigeria may be reduced by up to 20 % when a building uses passive cooling strategies.

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Justifying Forecasting Methods to Minimize Inventory Costs of Fixed Life Perishable Items[ ]


Demand variation is a common issue for both perishable and nonperishable items in retail chain shops. As customer demand is highly uncertain, so it is difficult to estimate the customer demand appropriately. That is why, optimum inventory must be maintained to ensure the satisfactory customer service level (CSL). The objective of this research is to identify the appropriate demand forecasting method with matching the actual demand pattern and compare it with existing practices for selected ‘Category-A’ items as well as to minimize the total inventory cost at existing service level and also track up the demand uncertainty. In order to minimize the total inventory cost, four different forecasting methods were applied in order to determine ap-propriate forecasting method for the ‘Category –A’ items found from ABC analysis of 12 items selected from the point of sales (POS) of super chain stores. The study finds that inventory cost BDT 100,692 per quarter can be saved for 6 fixed life perishable items. For simplicity, normal demand distribution and fixed delivery lead time were considered; obsolescence and backorder cost were not considered in this study.

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A Cross Sectional Study of Contributing Factors to Birth Asphyxia in Neonates of Allied Hospital Faisalabad[ ]


Objective--To determine the contributing factors to birth asphyxia in neonates in Allied Hospital Faisalabad.Methodology --Cross sectional study was conducted in Allied Hospital Faisalabad, all neonates of term without other physiological abnormalities were included. 50 cases were taken with their mother history of obstetric period and observational data were collected to assess the factors to birth asphyxia. Questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Data were analyzed through SPSS.Results -- Over-age, maternal diseases In pregnancy, multigravida, abortions, poor conduction method of delivery, home deliveries, mental stress, gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes, low hemoglobin level, low education level and no antenatal visits and short stature and cesarean sections are the contributing factors to birth asphyxia among neonates were traced in Allied Hospital Faisalabad.Conclusion --Majority of the risk factors associated to maternal history and miss-management of post-partum period, low education level, less awareness about miss- handled cases of birth and poor antenatal care and cesarean sections were the contributing factors of birth asphyxia.

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Historical Scenes between New and Old Scenarios: A Rereading of the Manguinhos Community through Photographs and Texts[ ]


This article is the result of a survey carried out in the territory of Manguinhos, a neighborhood in the northern part of the city of Rio de Janeiro traditionally composed of communities, or the name that its inhabitants like to refer to slums. The photos, taken in the year 2017, show the living conditions that its residents face every day, with their ills and precariousness. Manguinhos is a place marked by social inequalities and the vulnerability of its resident population that lacks all types of infrastructure and that their housing conditions are, in most cases, inadequate and/or with a high home density. Its main sociopolitical characteristic is to be composed of what officially is called "aglomerados subnormais", where living conditions are quite precarious, having the fifth worst HDI among all the others 126 neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro city evaluated by IBGE (2010) and IPP (2010). However, the records show that real people live there, who suffer, in addition to all the housing, infrastructure and leisure problems, a lot of neglect by the public authorities and a lot of preconception from society.

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Botnets:Architecture and Detection Techniques[ ]


This paper explores the various aspects of a botnet, the newest and most efficient tool to launch Distributed Denial of Service attacks. They threaten as well as impair the network infrastructure of an organization. With the help of survey, we try to explore many use-cases of botnets and its quirks. We investigate the architectures norms used by malicious actors to establish botnets. Citing the dormant nature of botnets that is they could be present on a victim’s computer system without the knowledge of the victim, in lieu of the same, some botnet detection techniques are also elaborated.

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Ode Solvers In MATLAB For Non-stiff Equations[ ]


The work done by Raheela Bibi under the supervision of Maa’m Beenish Farhan in the institute of BPGCW. Ordinary differential equation model almost all of our daily life problems. There is an increase in finding ways and methods for solving higher order linear and nonlinear differential equations.

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Experimental Study on the Effects of Some Index Properties on California Bearing Ratio of Selected Soils[ ]


California bearing ratio (CBR) is a property of soil which is very vital in the design and construction of roads. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of some index properties on the CBR of selected soils. This was with a view to developing models for timely and less cumbersome estimation of CBR of soils. To achieve this aim, soil samples were collected from active borrow pits within Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

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Estimation of the Overall risk in Residential Building in Egypt[ ]


The success of any project depends on the careful risk assessment. Unfortunately, most residential projects suffer from many risks leading to an increase in cost and the total duration of the project, especially in developing countries. The summation of risk factors method depends on the number of risk factors.

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A Study to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge of Prevention of Leptospirosis among Agriculture Workers in Selected Community Area at Bangalore[ ]


Leptospirosis is the most common bacterial zoonosis worldwide, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira that are transmitted from animals to humans. Infection can be acquired either through direct contact with animals, or through environmental contamination by animal urine. contaminated food or water, through mucosal surfaces, or through skin contact, particularly if there are breaks in the skin.

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Upgrading the Zirconium Content in the Egyptian Zircon Concentrate Using Alkaline Molten Salt and Leaching Processes[ ]


Zircon is one of the heavy minerals in black sand; Zirconia, Zirconium, and hafnium can be extracted from zircon minerals. Zirconium is a corrosion-resistant metal that is used in high-performance pumps and valves and nuclear reactors to provide the cladding. Zirconium oxide (zirconia "ZrO2") is a material with very high resistance to crack propagation. It also used in structural applications in engineering, such as in the manufacture of cutting tools, gas sensors, refractories, and prevention of crack propagation. Also, zirconia has very high thermal expansion and is, therefore, often the material of choice for joining ceramic and steel.

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