Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2015 Edition

Publication for Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2015

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Developing Intelligent MPPT for PV Systems Based on ANN and P&O Algorithms[ ]


The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems varies depending on the fluctuation of the solar radiation and temperature; while the energy transfer from the PV to the load is controlled by specific algorithms. Conventional techniques for MPPT (Perturb and observe (P&O)) are easy to implement but they suffer from oscillations at MPP and speed is less due to fixed perturb step. To achieve better energy efficiency conversion in PV systems, it is required to develop maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control techniques. This paper presents an improved MPPT controller for PV systems using two techniques namely; Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and developed P&O techniques. The proposed ANN and the developed P&O algorithm are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The proposed ANN has two inputs which are solar radiation and ambient temperature. The optimum voltage of the PV system is the output of the proposed ANN. The proposed ANN was evaluated under different irradiation conditions and temperature. The response of the proposed ANN for MPPT controllers found to be lesser oscillation at MPP and faster tracking response compared with the developed P&O algorithm.

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Two-Way Cloud Computing in Research and Educational Surroundings using Virtual Cloud[ ]


Distributed computing is getting to be as an issue decision processing standard for the ventures. Utilization of cloud computing advances is expanding by every passing day. It has extraordinary focal points of on-interest processing, adaptability, proactive asset administration, better application throughput, and enhanced security. Because of its openness and flexibility, it can be a decent alternative for deliberate asset processing among non-benefit associations. In this paper, we introduce a model for agreeable distributed computing among examination foundations and colleges utilizing Virtual Cloud ideas. The propose model of Two-Way Cloud Computing incorporates the ideas of cloud league and volunteer registering and is focused around our Virtual Cloud building design. The agreeable distributed computing can be performed at a worldwide scale among colleges and examination focuses (establishments) found in distinctive mainlands. In this model, foundations get profited with a much higher processing force accessible through cloud league.

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Diagnosis of sleep Apnea disease with ECG, SPO2 through using of support vector machine (SVM)[ ]


The aim of this article is to present new method on the basis of support vector machine (SVM) in order to diagnose obstructive sleep Apnea through features of ECG SPO signals. For achieving our aim, we consider two parameters signal namely, the rate of oxygen concentration in blood and relative pressure of blood circulation. Then, we designed support vector machine (SVM) in Matlab environment and applied patients' information to network. This designed network is diagnosed on the basis of inputs and instructional data. Moreover, it will simulate the prediction of sleep Apnea with high accuracy.

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Photobiochemistry of Photosynthetic Pigments of Edaphic Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp.FS76 ,Under the Combination Effect of Irradiance and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations[ ]


The agriculture lands , specifically Rice paddies are subjected to sever restrictions seasonally, monthly and even daily, because of placing in flood situations. Habituation of soil cyanobacteria with this ecosystem provides the optimum conditions for growth in this series. The goal of this research is to study the habituation of cyanobacterium Anabaena SP.FS76 to the simultaneous changes in carbon dioxide and light by using of evaluated fotobiochemical procedures, which is done on the body of living sample and optical shocks, and so their impact is evaluated in this research for the first time. The sample is provided from Golestan state and is placed at specific medium BG.11, then it is studied according to different conditions of light (2,10,50,100 micro mole quanta per square meter per second) ,concentration of carbon dioxide (absolute and relative limitation) ,together with optical shocks at short intervals (15,10,5,0 ). This study is done by considering the examination of absorption spectrum in vivo and fluorimetry evaluation. Survivorship, growth, chlorophyll content, carotenoid, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin, are examined in each of the compound treatments. The results are shown that, the photosynthetic system of cyanobacterium, Anabaena SP.FS76, has the ability for rearrangement at short intervals. Light is one of the effective factors in this field. Increasing the light will increase the photosynthetic performance and as a result the phycobiliprotein content will be enhanced. The statistical analysis indicates a significant correlation. Also it should be mentioned that, phycoerythrin pigment has a maximum growth in comparison with other pigments. On the average, phycobiliproteins production reaches to the maximum level at the conditions of relative limitation of co2, light intensity of 100 micro mole quanta per square meter per second and absolute limits of co2, light intensity of 50 micro mole quanta per square meter per second, and at the end a significant difference is shown in comparison with lower light intensities. The condensation mechanism of this sample is so potent and it performs actively in the condition of absolute limits of carbon dioxide. On the whole , by considering the high capabilities of this cyanobacteria, it should be expressed that, it is a suitable sample for practical usage as it can preserve it’s duration and contrast with difficult status .

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Detection and Segmentation of Ischemic Stroke Using Textural Analysis on Brain CT Images[ ]


The detection of the brain strokes from Computed Tomography CT images needs convenient processing technique starting from image enhancement to qualify the brain image by isolation process, region growing and logical operators (OR and AND). Morphological techniques (opening and close) with the logical operator produce a good result. These results with the help of the simplest segmentation process, which is the thresholding process, are used to extract a stroke region from the CT image of the brain. The median filter is applied to remove the noise from the image. The statistical features calculated using first-order histogram were utilized in the detection of the stroke region.

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Cyst Detection in Brain using Neural Network[ ]


Cysts occur within tissue and can affect any part of the body. Cysts in brain can sometimes block the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) causing hydrocephalus which can lead to nausea, headache, vomiting and double vision. This paper proposes a strategy to detect cyst and also find the percentage of infection along with the perimeter of cyst using various image processing techniques. The methodology proposed give efficient results.

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High Performance Membranes Using Lithium Additives: A Review[ ]


The easiest and reproducible methods to improve membrane performance is adding additives in casting solution. Different from common additives that usually used, inorganic additives like lithium seems to be very effective in the preparation of membranes with higher performance because of their small molecular weight and interaction behavior. Studies show that the use of lithium additives causes an increase in viscosity, porosity and conductivity, reduces hydrophobic, change membrane morphologies and enhanced membrane performance (permeability and rejection). Hence, lithium additives have a high potential for achieving high performance membranes, especially in membrane fabrication and application.

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Reaction and functionality of sulfuric and chromic acids over low density polyethylene for medical textiles: A comparative study[ ]


Low density polyethylene (LDPE) swollen in mixture of polar and non-polar solvents was subjected to sulfuric and chromic acids to promote durable hydrophilic and electrical properties. ATR-Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis of the treated LDPE depicts the reaction mechanism of both the acids over low density polyethylene in swollen condition. Both sulfuric and chromic acids promote in-depth modification of LDPE resulting in enhanced hydrophilicity and lower electrical resistivity of the polymer. FTIR spectra indicate formation of double bonds, sulfonic and carbonyl moieties. Contact angle goniometry indicates a 30áµ’ decrease in contact angle and Photo Luminescence Spectroscopy computes band gap decrease to 2.8eV. Comparative results suggest chromic acid as more influential functionalization agent for low density polyethylene at lower concentrations.

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A new approach using Camshift Algorithm for multiple Vehicle Tracking[ ]


Cameras and video technology have become integral in our day to day lives. Surveillance is one area that has greatly benefited from video technologies. This in turn increases the need for automatic video surveillance algorithms that can track objects and raise alarm if needed. Tracking of people is one such area. On the other hand, CAMSHIFT is a tracking algorithm that has been widely applied in face tracking in the past. It has however not been used in vehicle tracking. This paper therefore presents a modified CAMSHIFT algorithm that can be used in tracking of vehicles in video sequence. This will be covered in two ways; detection of moving objects of interest from frame to frame then evaluate the performance of our modified CAMSHIFT algorithm on different video sequences. We'll use frame difference to achieve object tracking. The results reveal that.

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Influences of Masonry Infill Wall, Tie Beam and RCC Bracing on Soft Storey Mechanism[ ]


The presence of infill wall in the building gives better behavior under lateral loads. Engineers believe that ignoring infill effect gives conservative design. For multistoried structures, the consideration of effect of bottom storey under seismic forces would be an important parameter. As per IS 1893 (Part-I) :2002 the columns and beams of the soft storey are to be designed for 2.5 times the storey shear and moments calculated under the seismic load of a bare frame ( i.e. without considering infill effect). In this paper model is studied to investigate the magnification factor for various load combinations considering peripheral masonry infill wall only, peripheral masonry infill wall along with tie beams and RCC X bracings under seismic effect. The Equivalent diagonal strut method is used to calculate the width of infill strut by FEMA approach. The R.C.C. building model (P+7) has been prepared using ETAB software. The Seismic Coefficient Method has been performed for the analysis of various models. The results of investigations and their conclusions are discussed below.

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Modeling of Check Valve Using Computational Fluid Dynamics[ ]


The main reason of slam problem is the great hydrodynamic force acting on the valve disc near and at closing position. In order to reduce the impact force between the valve disc and its seat when closing, some modifications are applied to the valve disc geometry to reduce the drag force acting on it by the system moving back flow and consequently decrease the impact force.

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On Hsu-Structure Manifold, Multirecurrent and Symmetric[ ]


In this paper we have defined , , , Ricci -Multirecurrent and multirecurrent symmetric Hsu- Structure manifold. Furthermore theorems on above - Multirecurrent and Multirecurrent symmetric Hsu -Structure manifold involving equivalent conditions with respect to various curvature tensors have also been discussed

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Why Unmanned Aircraft Systems Failed for a Century[ ]


Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) will be the dominating force multiplier of the future air power. When the background of the technology and concept is researched, it can be seen historical systems complying with modern description of UAS started almost at same years with manned aircraft. UAS used in different operational functions such as intelligence reconnaissance surveillance (ISR), air to ground attack, electronic warfare, suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD) etc. in history and never followed an uninterrupted development line. UAS world today seems to be reinventing these concepts. This paper is trying to analyze the reasons of failures of many projects of the history. Determining the factors preventing the success of historical UAS, may provide a different point of view to planners, decision makers, UAS industry and scholars for current UAS development and procurement phases.

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A Novel Model to Calculate Global Tilted Irradiation (GTI) from Solar Variables Using Netcdf and Rstudio[ ]


Currently the world power consumption is around 10TW per year and it is projected to be about 30TW by 2050. So our big challenge is to produce additional 20TW of non-CO2 energy to reduce GHG emission in the atmosphere by mid-century. The simplest and easiest way to reduce CO2 emission is the use of alternative clean energy sources. Among all the renewable energy sources, solar energy is one of the most abundant and the cleanest energy source. It can contribute a total amount of 10TW and the rest amount will be managed by hydrogen for transportation and fossil fuels for residential and industrial heating. This paper represents the European scenario of solar PV potential. A model is developed to calculate the global tilted irradiation and applied for several location of France. The result is compared with available realistic values in quest of verification.

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Groundwater and Surface Water Quality As-sessment for Irrigation and Drinking Purposes of Khulna District, South-Western, Bangladesh.[ ]


This research deals with the Water Quality of Khulna District, South-western Bangladesh according to WHO standard. The water analyses show that, Na+, Cl-, and HCO3- are dominant ions but as far as the water quality is concerned, except some locations, the water is not suitable for drinking purpose.The competency of groundwater for drinking varies from place to place with depth but shallow water is totally unsuitable for drinking.Most of the samples exceeds the WHO and Bangladesh standard. Approximately all the groundwater is moderate to very hard and the surface water is soft to moderately hard. Maximum water samples are mixed type of Ca-HCO3- andNa-HCO3- . Some shallow and surface water are Ca-HCO3- type and rest of deep water samples are Na-HCO3- type. The groundwater electrical conductivity (EC) of the study area shows some spatial variation and highest SEC value was found in southern part which gives indication of water quality deterioration. It also indicates the salinity of groundwater. Based on sodium absorption ratio (SAR) values it is observed that, the water is suitable for irrigation development

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Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensors Network and Cloud Based Telemedicine System for Rural Clinics and Health Centers[ ]


Telemedical centers use ICTs to overcome geographical barriers, and increase access to healthcare services. This is particularly beneficial for rural and underserved communities in developing countries – groups that traditionally suffer from lack of access to healthcare. In addition reviewing and discussing the current attempts in wireless body area network technology, a WBAN system that has been designed for healthcare applications will be presented. The wireless system in the WBAN uses medical bands to obtain physiological data from sensor nodes. The medical bands are selected to reduce the interference and thus increase the coexistence of sensor node devices with other network devices available at medical centers. The collected data is transferred to remote stations with a multi-hopping technique using the medical gateway wireless boards. In his paper we propose a complete architecture design and implementation, with real test on site for patient data collection, telemedicine system with mutli-users facilities for both sides, Doctors, patients and medical centers. The system offer the facilities of connecting to telehealth WSN and has two types of dash boards; for patients side and for doctor side with the facilities of displaying in one screen capture the case under supervision from a doctor. The core of the proposed system is based on using web interfaces hosted on cloud environment. We add a big data technology analytical tool to analyze the patient data stored on cloud database to get some information – geographically distributed for example which may help the decision maker for example. It is an effective solution for providing specialty healthcare in the form of improved access and reduced cost to the rural patients and the reduced professional isolation of the rural doctors. Telemedical centers can enable ordinary doctors to perform extra-ordinary tasks. The proposed system got real results applied on Pulse company wearable Mobile ECG device that can make a remote monitoring to the patient using cloud computing.

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Measuring Of Vehicle Speed Using Radar and SCM Technology[ ]


By combining radar with a micro processor and with the help of GSM (or) GPS we can measure the speed and we give instructions to the driver immediately if he is driving in more speed. This can be achieved by using Bluetooth and SCM (Single Chip Micro Computer).Buy using Bluetooth and SCM technology we cannot measure the speed to a long distances i.e. we can measure through a small distance of meters .In place of Bluetooth we can use Zigbee technology (or) CAN Protocol. Using zigbee technology we can pass signals through a distance of one kilo meter .So it is better than we can go for CAN Protocol i.e. Controller Area Network.

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A Parabola Symmetrical to y=x Line[ ]


This paper presents a parabola symmetrical to the line y=x. A standard parabola is given by the equation y2 = 4ax. It is symmetric about x-axis. Another standard equation of the parabola is x2 = 4ay. It is symmetric about y-axis. In these equations either x or y is linear and other one is quadratic in nature. In this paper, I will derive the general equation of a parabola symmetrical to the line y = x .

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Sustaining Knowledge in SMEs: Integrating Workplace Learning in Enhancing Knowledge Sharing Behavior[ ]


There are widely recognized the importance’s of knowledge for both sectors either large organization or Small Medium Enterprise (SMEs) to increase company performance. Thus, important knowledge must be retained in organizations before this knowledge could be lost through redundancy, retirement, resignation and even through promotion. Therefore, organizations whose practicing knowledge sharing could acquire knowledge for knowledge using in the future and at the same time enhance the accumulation of knowledge for employees and the organization as a whole. However, some workers are willing to share knowledge, but some of them seem uninterested to share knowledge if there is a possibility makes them become less valuable. Thus, the factors that influence knowledge sharing must be understood in order to examine the knowledge sharing behavior. Since learning could change individual behavior, it’s could promote knowledge sharing behavior among workers. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to critically review and examine workplace learning and emerge with knowledge sharing behavior. Further, the critical factors which related to the knowledge sharing behavior were analyzed to construct the integration between workplace learning mode and knowledge sharing process. Then, this paper aimed to explore a connection between workplace learning and knowledge sharing behavior in order to sustain and create a new knowledge. From the literature, this paper could enable understanding for practitioners or SMEs regards the process of workplace learning in order to promote knowledge sharing.

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A review paper on Redesign of Gravity Roller Conveyor System for Weight Reduction through optimization[ ]


This work presents an application of concept of concurrent engineering and the principles of design for manufacturing and design for assembly, several critical conveyor parts were investigated for their functionality cost and ease of assembly in the overall conveyor system. The critical parts were modified and redesigned with new shape and geometry and some with new materials. The improved design methods and the functionality of new conveyor parts were verified and tested on a new test conveyor system designed, manufactured and assembled using the new improved parts.The improved methodology for design and production of conveyor components is based on the minimization of material, parts using the rules of design for manufacture and design for assembly.The semi finished material has to be transported from one station in the assembly to another at a distance of upto 50 meters or more. The method of manual transport by fork-lift is time consuming. A mechanism for continuous and uninterrupted transport is desired. This is carried out with reference to roller conveyor system (Existing system). The existing system will be redesign and optimize for weight, resulting into material saving by modifying and analyzingthe critical conveyor parts.

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REVIEW ON HIGH EFFICIENCY MPEG4 AAC AUDIO ENCODER AND DECODER[ ]


In recent years, a well-known audio coding, MPEG Layer-3 (MP3), is widely used and maintains a good audio quality. However, a new audio standard, MPEG AAC audio coding [1], becomes more and more popular since it has better audio quality than MP3. AAC is the most advanced MPEG standard for digital audio compression. However, based on the characteristics of complex control and irregular data flow, AAC algorithm seems to be difficult in architecture design. AAC has been standardized by ISO and IEC, as part of the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 specifications. A part of the AAC known as High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC) which is part of MPEG-4 Audio is also adopted into digital radio standards like DAB+ and Digital Radio Mondiale, as well as mobile television standards DVB-H and ATSC-M/H. This paper focuses on the mono channel, sampling frequency of 44.1 KHz; bitrates is 128Kb/s, Low Complexity profile implementation of the coder, which represents the configuration that is best suited for consumer electronics applications.

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THREE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS RESPONSE OF PILE SUBJECTED TO OBLIQUE LOADS[ ]


Pile foundations are commonly used to resist vertical and lateral loads applied to structures. Usually, these kinds of loads will act together to form a combination of loads, such as oblique forces that have a component of vertical and lateral forces. Predicting the behavior of piles subjected to oblique loads still remains a challenging task to geotechnical engineers. In this paper, results of numerical simulation of behavior of piles as embedded in cohesionless soil under oblique loads are presented by using ABAQUS. For the cohesionless soil, the Mohr-Coloumb constitutive law has been used to simulate the surrounding soil while the linear elastic model is used for modeling of the pile. The interactions between the pile and the surrounding soil are modeled thoroughly using contact elements based on slave-master concept. The results are shown in terms of load/displacement curves for the components of vertical and the lateral loading portions in different inclination angles. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are given concerning the design of piles under oblique loads.

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Impact of Physical Exercise and Transcendental Meditation on Physiological parameters: An ANN Modelling[ ]


The present paper is specifically aimed to design an ANN model based on the data on the effect of physical exercise and meditation on some selected physiological parameters, generated from a study on 30 healthy male and female volunteers between the age group of 20-50 years. The performance of the model was evaluated considering 60 % data for training, 20 % data for testing and 20 % data for cross validation with sigmoid axon transfer function, at 1500 Epoch with 0.70000 momentums. The minimum MSE in the group of four variables was determined for training and cross validation were 2.08702E-05 and 0.545759673 respectively.

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A THEORETICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HEAT LOAD DISTRIBUTION MODEL OF A COLD STORAGE[ ]


In this study a mathematical model of cold storage (with the help of computer programming ; and other mathematical tools) has been proposed which can be used for further developments in the field of refrigeration – science and technology ; the proposed model aims for the development of cold storage in the upcoming future. In this paper we have proposed a theoretical comparative study of heat load distribution model of a cold storage. Velocity of air (v) temperature difference (dt), Relative humidity (Rh) are the basic variable and three range are taken each of them in the model development.

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Project Assessment of Risks in Construction Industry[ ]


In the construction industry the project manager’s responsibility is to monitor cost, time and quality. Because of various risks involved in construction, it is difficult to maintain time, cost, and quality as planned. The main purpose of this dissertation is not only to identify the list of risks involved in construction industry but also to find the key risks that can be significantly influence the construction and mitigation measures. Risk management (RM) comprises of risk identification, risk analysis, response planning, monitoring and action planning tasks that are carried out throughout the life cycle of a project in order to ensure that project activities are met. Although the methodological aspects of RM are well-defined , the philosophical background are rather vague .For identifying the list of risk involved in construction industry Post project appraisal method is used in this thesis. Post project appraisal determines the extent to which a project met the budget, timetable and the key deliverables. The questionnaire survey had been carried out in many companies, after the completion of the survey, the results were analyzed. By the result analysis the risks are found and the recommendations were provided.

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The Determinants of Export Diversification at All Margins Case Study: South Korea[ ]


Export diversification is considered an effective remedy for avoiding the uncertainties in terms of international trade, achieving the stability in export earnings, and long run sustained economic growth. This study explores the macroeconomic and structural factors may affect export diversification. Thus, it tries to fill the gap in the literature through examining empirically the effect of these factors on both forms of export diversification: product diversification and geographical diversification by constructing the export diversification composite index which has been developed from the most common measurement of export diversification, Herfindahl-Hirschman index, in the case of South Korea during the period when Korea started to implement the diversification policy in its export sector, from (1970-2010) that's why the study applied Vector Error Correction model (VEC) in order to analyze the time series data of 41 years. The result reveals that Korean government has a pivotal role behind the successful implementation of export diversification strategy through its expenditure on exports, rational implementation of trade liberalization, and maintaining the stability in exchange rate as well as the export composition of technological products.

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Experimental Determination of Moisture Sorption Isotherms of Okro Fruit[ ]


The sorption isotherm ( desorption and adsorption ) of okro fruit was determined at three temperatures of 300C,400C and 500C within the range of 10- 90% Relative humidity (RH). Thymol solution was placed inside the desiccators to prevent microbial growth, particularly at the relative humidity above 65%. Gravimetric method was used for the sorption isotherm where the reading and recording was taken at three days interval and the equilibrium moisture content was reached after thirty (30) days. Constructed moisture sorption plots showed a tendency of executing a close loop (hysteresis loop) of which size appears to decrease as temperature increase because, the effect of temperature were significant on the isotherm which appeared sigmoidal.

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Modeling of Fixed Bed Column Studies for Adsorption of Azo Dye on Chitosan Impregnated with a Cationic Surfactant[ ]


Removal of diazo dye Brilliant Black BN from aqueous solution was studied by conducting adsorption in fixed bed column using chitosan beads impregnated with a cationic surfactant Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide. Effect of flow rate, bed height and initial dye concentration were investigated. Maximum bed capacity, percentage dye removal and equilibrium dye uptake were determined and break through curves were plotted. Percentage dye removal increased with decrease in flow rate and increase in bed height. Maximum bed capacity of 6.80 mg was obtained at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, bed height of 8 cm and initial dye concentration of 100 ppm. Data from column studies were fitted to three well established column models, Thomas model, Adams-Bohart model and Yoon-Nelson model. The experimental data were in good agreement with theoretical results. The study revealed the applicability of chitosan in fixed bed column for removal of azo dyes.

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Impact of Biodiesel on the Corrosion of Zinc and Copper Strips[ ]


The rates of corrosion of zinc and copper materials at room temperature, 40°C and 60°C in biodiesels obtained from olive, groundnut and soya oils were studied. The study showed that copper materials have a higher corrosion rate in the biodiesels studied compared to zinc materials. The corrosion rate of zinc materials increased with increase in temperature of the biodiesels over a period of time.

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