Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2015 Edition


Publication for Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2015 is in-process.

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A NOVEL PATHOGENICITY OF NANO- BEAUVERIA BASSIANA AND METARIHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE AGAINSTSITOPHILUS ORYZAE (L.)(COLEOPTERA : CURCULIONDAE)UNDER LABORATORY AND STORE CONDITIONS[ ]


Sitophilus oryzae (L.) is a serious primary insect pest of the stored rice, wheat and maize grains Objective: The present studies aims to determine the efficacy of the nano-entomopathogenicity of the two nano-entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana and M. anisopliaeagainst one serious pest of stored rice, wheat and maize.Methods: The effect of the two nano-entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were tested under laboratory at concentrations ranged from 1X10 to 1X108spores/ml and experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions (26±2 o C and 65±5 %RH.), store (in 15 rice packages were sprayed by the nano-bio insecticides (B. bassiana and M. anisopliae) at concentration 8.25 x 108 conidia /ml for each fungus) Results:Data showed that the LC50êž‹ s of the rice weevil under laboratory conditions after treated with different concentrations of the nano entomopathogenic fungi which obtained 45X104 and 57 X104 conidia/ml after treated with Nano-B. bassiana and Nano-M. anisopliae respectively. under laboratory conditions, the infestations with the rice weevil S, oryzae were significantly decreased after the -nano- B. bassiana and M. anisopliae as compared to control. The infestations with S. oryzae under store conditions were significantly decreased after, nano- B. bassianaand M. anisopliae as compared to the control. Using of entomopathogenic fungi causing a significant reduction of the eggs number laid / female after being treated with nano entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana and M. anisopliaeas compared the control. The emerged adults were significantly decreased in the store in the treated bags with nano-entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana and M. anisopliae

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Modeling and Simulation of Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive[ ]


The main focus of this paper is towards the analysis of Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme with Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique. Dynamic performance of the induction motor is improved by the DTC-SVM technique. Both motor and inverter are controlled in most efficient way by DTC. The fast control of torque and flux in Induction Motor (IM) without complexity is the feature of DTC. The selection of voltage vector for the desired resultant voltage vector is described and the IM is simulated for both DTC and without DTC system.

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A parasitic Medicinal plant Cuscuta reflexa: An Overview[ ]


Traditional system of medicines relies on the plant products for the treatment of various disorders. Medicinal properties of the plant are used to cure diseases. These medicinal properties of the plant are due to the active phytoconstituents of the plants having therapeutic potential. Cuscuta reflexa is a parasitic weed plant having medicinal properties and have an important place in the Ayurveda. Cuscuta reflexa grows over the host plant and draws nutrients from host plant so the medicinal properties also depend on its host plant. Various chemicals have been isolated from this miracle plant having therapeutic potential possessing ethnomedical and pharmacological activities. This review represents a detailed survey on the studies of Cuscuta reflexa, its chemical constitution, ethnomedical uses and pharmacological activities.

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Hamelia patens a potential plant from Rubiaceae family: A Review[ ]


Traditional medicine is used to sustain people’s health, as well as to prevent, diagnose, improve or indulgence physical and mental illnesses all over the world. Plants have since ever been a rich basis of medication among the human civilizations. In India there exist numerous highly civilized communities residing near or in the holy lap of nature. The people of such civilizations frequently depend on plants for their daily needs as well as for their medication also. Medicinal plants are believed to be with healing powers, and people have used them for various centuries. Aimed to modern drug discovery, traditional medicinal plants have been studied and developed which is followed the ethno botanical lead of native cures used by traditional medical systems. The therapeutic activities of mainly plants are due to the presence of one or more of such components like alkaloids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The phytochemical screening discovered the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides. Therefore, the research of plants and their uses (especially medicinal purposes) is one of the most primary human concerns and has been practiced in the planet.

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A NOVEL AND RELIABLE ATTRIBUTE RATIO CONGESTION CONTROL TECHNIQUE FOR WSN (ARCC)[ ]


Effectiveness of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is determined by its performance and any WSN can lose packets when it is congested. Sinks collecting information from other nodes are most likely to be less efficient when there is congestion. There are many congestion control algorithms while congestion detection and control are major research areas. There are various congestion control techniques in WSN’s based on many factors but controlling congestion becomes mandatory in WSN’s for better performance. The main contribution of this paper is a congestion control mechanism for reliability and management in a WSN. This paper presents a novel technique to overcome congestion and improve performance of a WSN while detailing other routing and congestion algorithms.

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Low Signature Advanced Base Bleed Grains[ ]


Base bleed still one of the effective methods to extend the projectile range as it decreases the base drag which composes about 50% of the total drags acting on the projectile. Also, low signature propellants are very important in order not to reveal the gun position. So, various compositions are prepared to optimize the superior mechanical properties the propellant must achieve together with low signature. rocket propellants containing two bonding agents were studied Tris-1- (2-Methyl Aziridinyl) Phosphine Oxide (MAPO) and mixed MAT4 (which is a mixture of MAPO, adipic acid and tartaric acid) give us stress 11.7 Kg/cm2 and strain of 16.3 %, then curing ratio starting from 0.97 to 0.7 are also studied giving the optimum mechanical properties at 0.83 where the strain reached about 34%. Primary smoke is not affected by adding 7% of hexogen (RDX) instead of ammonium perchlorate (AP) but the secondary smoke is decreased by about 40%, while by adding 5% magnesium (Mg) secondary smoke is decreases by about 75% but the primary smoke is dramatically increased.

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Slicing Layered Architecture for Characterizing Reuse-Driven Software Engineering[ ]


This paper presents an efficient methodology for representing the layered architecture modules in terms of slicing object components. The goal is to reduce the software dependencies in the overall architecture style characterizing the objective of Reuse-driven Software Engineering. The dependency graphs for the high level component systems structures the application systems for making reuse cost-effective and ensures deployment of high quality software systems to the end users. Moreover, the Lay_Slice Dependency Graph helps in aligning the reuse levels in the component systems to a comprehensive pattern that improves the productivity and quality of the reuse business process. The slicing layered architecture ensures a well-defined architecture system with new slicing based Object-Oriented modeling techniques that helps in more systematic dealing with the complexity of large software systems.

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Seismic Behavior of High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Building Frames and Dual Systems Considering Soil Structure Interaction[ ]


This paper investigates the seismic behavior of moment resisting building frames and dual systems constructed from Normal-Strength Concrete (NSC with fc' = 25 MPa) and High-Strength Concrete (HSC with fc' = 75 MPa) considering Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) using Wolf model, Gazetas model, the method used by the International Building Code (IBC-2012) and the method used by the Egyptian code for soil mechanics and foundation design (ECP 202-2007). The study also includes the effect of soil type and the level of foundation. El Centro earthquake record has been selected as the input ground motion. The selected structures had been analyzed with aid of the computer program OPNSEES and material nonlinearity had been accounted for. The HSC models were designed with allowance for two options; keeping the dimensions of the cross sections constant or reduced along the height. The results showed that the calculated seismic response of multi-story reinforced concrete building frames and dual systems considering SSI is sensitive to the variation in the concrete strength. Considering the SSI using Wolf model for the case of soft soil with 12-story building frame resulted in an increase in the roof displacement relative to the fixed base by 18.0%, 16.0% and 15.0% for NSC, HSC with reduced sections and HSC with constant sections, respectively, while for Gazetas model these ratios are 20.0%, 21.0% and 12.0%, respectively, and for the IBC-2012 model these ratios are 13.0%, 15.0%, and 9.0%, respectively. For 12-story dual systems, considering the SSI according to Wolf model with soft soil resulted in an increase in the roof displacement relative to the case of fixed base by 40%, 38%, and 9% for NSC and HSC (reduced sections) and HSC (constant sections), respectively, while for Gazetas model these ratios are 63%, 61.0% and 14%, respectively, and for the IBC-2012 model these ratios are 42%, 30.0%, and 23.0%, respectively. The calculated maximum story drift considering the SSI with soft soil S1 for 12-story building frame constructed from HSC with fc' = 75 MPa exceeds the story drift limit required by the international codes by 7%, 13% and 67% for Wolf, Gazetas and ECP model, respectively. For the 12-story dual system the calculated maximum story drift is still within the limit of the international codes due to the large stiffness of the shear walls.

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Improving Biogas Production from Sewage Water by Using Enzymes[ ]


Biogas production rate from sewage water has been increased more than 80% by adding digestive enzymes to simulated and natural sewage water under different operational conditions. These enzymes have included pepsin, Ox bile extract, single and mixed with concentration of (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4) mg/l and (20, 30, 40, 50, 60) mg/l as respectively. So the impact of addition of mixtures of enzymes (Lipase (L), Amylase (AM) and Protease (P)) at concentration shown in research, under temperature 20˚and 37.5˚C.pH 6.5-7.2, the duration of fermentation is 12 days. The amount of salinity is ranged between (1004 – 1474) micromhos/cm. The results showed that the addition of any digestive enzyme to sewage water increases biogas production at least10:20 % in short retention time. However, to get maximum biogas production, it is necessary to add at least two or three digestive enzymes simultaneously to sewage water. Up to two different digestive enzymes can increase biogas production from sewage water. For example, biogas production was increased 20% and 80% after using pepsin only and a mixture of pepsin and Ox bile extract respectively. The results also showed that the addition of digestive enzymes to the sewage water increases biogas production at 37.5˚C over that at 20˚C.

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The effect of calcium fluoride on the desulfurization of chromium steels by rare earth[ ]


Two series of experiments were carried out for studying desulfurization process of chromium steel, which contains 13% chromium, where the desulfurization was conducted in inert gas atmosphere, at temperature 1600oC in a resistance furnace, by using flux mixtures of rare earth metals and oxides with calcium fluoride. The obtained results proofed that: the mathematical models for the process is reliable and effective for the process optimization. The maximum desulfurization degree obtained was 58.33% for mixture of rare earth oxide with fluorspar ratio 1:2 and 73.68% for mixture rare earth (mischmetal) with fluorspar at the same ratio.

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Sustainable Energy from Waste: Opportunities and Technologies for a Cleaner World[ ]


Energy generation from waste plays a vital role in sustainable energy security and waste management. Energy production and environmental aspects are analyzed for four alternatives based on different technologies: combustion with energy recovery, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation. The advantages of these technologies are mainly the significantly reduced waste volume for landfilling, the reduction of total greenhouse gas emissions, for generating electricity or co-generation of electricity and heat. With waste to energy, waste becomes an important source of renewable energy, moderating the climate change effects and saving earth’s valuable raw materials and resources. The integration of renewable energy sources within the boundaries of existing energy production systems has emerged as a promising and sustainable policy towards addressing the growing global energy demand. This paper provides technologies that can be incorporated into real world solutions and can serve as the foundations for future research.

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