Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2015 Edition

Publication for Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2015.

IJSER Research Group https://www.ijser.org/forum/index.php Register for IJSER Research Forum      IJSER Xplore IJSER Xplore Research Paper Database
Pages   [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [U]
 

Effect of non-compactible Spatial Referenceframes on Cognitive Workload[ ]


We investigated the cost of information processing incurred by mental workload with non-compactible spatial reference frames, in context of task demands, usig encephalogram (EEG) signals. It is hypothesized that when egocentric people on performing object based transformation strategy (mental rotation) and allocentric people while performing perspective-taking task, their mental workload increases. A total of 28 subjects participated in this study. The participants were classified as egocentric and allocentric based on ‘Animal in a row’ task. Those participants that were classified as egocentric were made to the task of mental rotation while those that were classified as allocentric were assigned perspective task. The encephalogram signals were taken when the participants performed the tasks. The statistical approach of approximate entropy (ApEn) is used to examine the changes in the workload wherein the median is taken as the threshold value. It is shown in previous works that when mental workload increases the approximate entropy decreases. Results showed a lesser value of approximate entropy for allocentric group during perspective task and similarly a lower value of approximate entropy for egocentric group during mental rotation.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Existing Site Layout Planning Models and Approaches[ ]


The field of site layout planning studies have commenced as early as the early 70’s, a significant amount of effort has been directed at developing algorithms for identifying optimal construction site layouts which have been addressed separately until now. However, in this study a single framework is made of showing a list of different site layout planning models that can help future research to make a link between different models. The possibility of using a similar approach to find an optimum solution for the planning of construction site layouts under using population based meta-heuristics, trajectory based meta-heuristics and graphical based methods is assessed.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Irrigation Scheme Development and Management Strategy for Conflict Affected Northern and Eastern Province of Sri Lanka[ ]


The Northern and Eastern Provinces comprises the whole of eight districts, namely Jaffna, Mannar, Vavuniya, Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu, Trincomalee, Batticaloa, and Amparai and covers an area of 18,881sq.km. The population is 2.9 million Agriculture, including fisheries, has been the principal economic activity in the province. Over 50% of the total work force in the province depends on agriculture for their livelihood. With the increase in population, industrialization and urbanization, demand for water has increased. The domestic and industrial water use has to be given due consideration than the agriculture water use. The industrial sector’s share of the Gross Domestic Product was 23% in 1996, compared to about 19% for agriculture, forestry and fisheries in whole country. Preliminary calculations based on per capita water use for domestic needs, water requirement for the irrigation sector and projections for industrial and commercial water needs show a trend of increasing water demand. Even though the Government has been developing water resources (surface irrigation facilities as well as ground water extraction facilities) for the economic and social wellbeing of the community, it has found that the scope for further development is reducing gradually. Water resource augmentation is a limited option. Since new projects tend to be less technically feasible and less economically viable. Therefore the importance of conservation and efficient management of available water resources should be addressed properly. Groundwater is used in the domestic, agriculture, commercial and industrial sectors. Several government organizations, non-governmental organizations, commercial enterprises and private sectors are promoting the extraction of ground water without any control or restrictions. This problem of unregulated groundwater use has led to over-exploitation of shallow aquifers and water quality problems. The major demand management consideration with respect to groundwater is that groundwater use is unregulated and controlled only by natural occurrence, recharge and the degree of impact by other groundwater uses. This paper analyse little on overall potential of North-East and specific research finding on few Northern river basins and recommend some strategies for the water sector development. In the mean time a complete study on all the river basins in North is going on.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuzzy Rule Base System for Student grade Classification in Online Test[ ]


This research will present a fuzzy rule-based model for student grade calssification in the online test.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hardening of RC Beam & column Junction by utilizing Fiber Sheet[ ]


This paper will give the information about strengthening of different parameter by using CFRP & GFRP. Strengthening of existing structures has become a major part of construction activity in our country. Many civil structures are no longer safe due to increased load specifications in the design codes. The beam column joint is the crucial zone in a reinforced concrete moment resisting frame. It is subjected to large forces during severe ground shaking and its behaviour has a significant influence on the response of the structure. The assumption of joint being rigid fails to consider the effects of high shear forces developed within the joint. The shear failure is always brittle in nature which is not an acceptable structural performance especially in seismic conditions. The revisions of Indian code provisions have necessitated strengthening of several existing structure in country.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS CONDITIONS FOR THE BIODESULPHURIZATION OF IRON ORE USING SULPHOLOBUS BRIERLEYI[ ]


An investigation has been made in this work to optimize the process conditions for the biodesulphurization and biobeneficiation using sulpholobus Brierleyi bacterium strain. Standard central composite design with 22 full fractional design was used to develop the models. The models were optimized using matlab. The surface responses of the plots shows that microbial population and leaching time interacted effectively to enhance the degree of biodesulphurization and biobeneficiation. The result show that 99.93% of biosulphurization was obtained at optimum values of 88 days and 108 cells/ml while optimum values of 71 days and 108 cells/ml of microbial population were obtained for 49.86% degree of beneficiation.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Influence of Temperature of precursor solution on Structural and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline CdTe thin Films Deposited by chemical bath deposition technique[ ]


Cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystals were synthesized using cadmium chloride and potassium telluride as starting materials; this reaction was carried out at pH = 11.2 and refluxed at 90°C for 5 hrs. The CdTe solution “A” prepared were coated on the glass substrates by chemical bath deposition technique to obtain thin films of the CdTe with different temperature. The effect of temperature during the deposition on the structural, morphological and optical properties of CdTe thin films has been investigated. The CdTe films exhibited tetragonal structure with (111) preferential orientation. The crystallite size of the films decreased from 25.32nm to 16.90nm with the increase of temperature and the band gap of the films increased from 2.42eV to 2.59eV with the decrease of the crystallite size The CdTe thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DENTAL CONTOUR MATCHING BY VARIOUS ALGORITHMS FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICSATION[ ]


Dental biometrics is used to recognize persons in the forensic domain. we presented an automatic dental image segmentation using various algorithms and presented graphs using histogram in mathematical morphology. This work presents an automatic method for matching dental radiographs. In this we take human teeth radiograph of perfect matching is derived by comparing abstracted data in tabular form. All the derived data are compared by using Thresholding & more matching. Samples are to be consider as perfect data & come to optimized result for human identification.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Text Extraction from Natural Images of different languages Using ISEF Edge Detection[ ]


In this paper, we proposed the algorithm text extraction of different images of languages. In computer vision research area, text is very important in images. Here we use edge based extraction of text using ISEF (infinite symmetrical edge filter). ISEF is optimal edge detector which gives accurate results for text in images. Text extraction involves detection, localization, tracking and enhancement. Large numbers of technique have been proposed for the text extraction. Our aim is to present robust technique for text extraction of different languages images.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forecasting potability of Groundwater using Univariant and Multivariate model and its Spatial Representation[ ]


Ground water quality index is forecasted using machine learning teqnique. Water sample data for is collected from the wells of Chikballapur. Two models are developed for the prediction and forecasting ground water. The first model, which is an univariate analysis model, is constructed using the technique of Artificial Neural Networks integrated with Decision tree algorithm to predict the salt content of the water sample and also to classify it as potable or not. The second model, which is multivariate analysis is constructed using Linear Regression integrated along with Pearson Coefficient, predicts the values of the parameters.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microbial production of Green polymer Xanthan Gum from Xanthomonas Campestris[ ]


Microbial polysaccharides are biothikners mostly added in wide variety of products as a viscosifying, Stabilizing, emulsifying, gelling agent. In conventional cultivation method, air is used as source of oxygen for the fermentation process. During xanthan gum fermentation, formed gum increases viscosity of fermentation broth. Novel cultivation methods have been successfully developed in laboratory with hydrogen peroxide as oxygen source to eliminate gas-liquid mass transfer resistance in the xanthan gum fermentation broth. The experiments were carried out using wild type cell and HOCL treated cells. The experiments shows productivity increases from 0.126 g of xanthan gum per g. of cell for wild culture with H2O2 based cultivation (110%).Viscosity of xanthan gum increased about folds from 65 cP (wild culture with aeration) to 122.5 cP (HOCL treated with H2O2 based cultivation).Thus experimental results shows that the improvement in xanthan gum quality and yield can be obtained using HOCL treatment and oxygen supply strategy.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF Salmonella enterica serovar typhi FROM STOOL CULTURE OF WIDAL TEST POSITIVE PATIENTS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS IN ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA[ ]


Typhoid fever, a systemic disease caused by Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi) remains a major public health problem in many parts of the world. Widal test appears to be the only laboratory means employed in the diagnosis of typhoid fever among suspected patients and the test continues to suffer from serious cross-reactivity with other infectious agents. This project was designed to confirm the diagnosis of typhoid fever from stool culture of Widal test positive patients using molecular method. Prospective study on stool samples of Widal test positive patients was conducted.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMON FORMULA OF HEIGHT AND AREA OF ANY TRIANGLE[ ]


This is a common height formula for any triangle on any side of it. If ABC is any triangle then AD , BE and CF are the heights on the sides BC , AC and AB respectively.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wireless System for Vehicle Accident Detection and Reporting using Accelerometer and GPS[ ]


Accident threatens human lives more and mainly road accident is common today. During accident many people lose their life because medical services and family member not getting accidental information on time. In this paper, an efficient vehicle wireless system is designed and implemented for vehicle accident detection and reporting using accelerometer and GPS. Accelerometer sensor is used to detect crash and GPS give location of vehicle. In case of any accident, the system send automated message to the preprogrammed number such as family member or emergency medical services via GSM.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effects of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Hardness of 7020/Al2O3 Composite Layer Fabricated by FSP[ ]


FSP technique was employed to produce Al–10%Al2O3 surface nanocomposite on Al7020 substrate. Effects of number of passes and tool direction on nanoparticle distribution and matrix microstructure have been explored. Microstructure and mechanical properties of samples were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hardness measurements. As a result, it was found that Al2O3 particles were good distributed inside the substrate with an average penetration depth of about 1000μm. The surface nanocomposites produced in this way had excellent bonding with the substrate. The hardness of the surface nanocomposite was about 1.5 times that substrate. Moreover, the grain refinement of matrix and improved distribution of nanoparticles were obtained after each FSP pass.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quality Management of Reinforced Concrete Structures in the context of construction industry in Saudi Arabia in the moderate and small sector[ ]


In order to achieve the purpose of this research, two special questionnaires were designed to fulfill the task of this research, exemplified the subject of quality management of reinforced Concrete Structures in the context of construction industry in Saudi Arabia in the moderate and small sector, the questionnaires have been distributed in some construction companies and construction projects, distributed in different places located in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and has been narrowed in the moderate and small sector category, We discussed the problems of defining quality in construction industry, examined possible benefits of implementing quality, and looked at barriers to quality implementation in construction industry. We used data collected through an interview with contractors and data from the two questionnaire surveys.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ferro fluid based squeeze film in porous annular plates considering the effect of transverse surface roughness[ ]


This article aims to analyze the behaviour of a ferrofluid squeeze film between transversely rough annular plates with the help of boundary conditions depending on the magnetization parameter. The stochastic averaging model of Christensen and Tonder for characterizing the surface roughness has been employed here. The related stochastically averaged Reynolds’ type equation is solved to obtain the pressure distribution, leading to the derivation of load carrying capacity. The results presented reveal that a suitable boundary condition may help us in bringing down the adverse effect of roughness to a significant extent. But, the situation remains fairly better when negatively skewed roughness is in place. Besides, this type of bearing system supports certain amount of load in the absence of the flow, which does not happen in the case of conventional lubricant, based bearing system.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Control Design of Grid-Connected PV Systems for Power Factor Correction in Distribution Power Systems Using PSCAD[ ]


In modern electric power systems, the dependence on solar power is increasing. The grid connected applications are very important with deficit in conventional power stations due to fuel shortage. The design of the control strategy to connect photovoltaic (PV) systems to the electric distribution grid is a challenging issue. This paper focuses on a controller design and its implementation in grid connected PV systems for power factor correction in distribution power systems. The first step is modeling of the components of the PV system, mainly; the PV source, the DC-DC converter, and the grid interface inverter with the appropriate filter. PSCAD is used for simulating this study. The proposed controller is then designed. The proposed control strategy targets the design of the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm, and the control of injected active and reactive power. The control of the reactive power is addressed in this paper to equip the PV system with power factor correction capability, which improves the overall performance at the point of common coupling (PCC). Proposed operation scenarios are suggested to test the controller validity. The results show that the model is accepted and the proposed controller gives the required performance.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONCRETE WITH USING FIBRE AND RECYLED AGGREGATE[ ]


In the modern construction world, concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material. Concrete is a high-volume, low-cost building material produced by mixing cement, water and coarse & fine aggregates. It is an essential component of roads, foundations, high-rises, dams and other staples of developed landscape.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Surface Detection and Avoidance Robot[ ]


Robotics is the field which occupies vast section in today’s world. Most of them are autonomous, self-intelligent, and they reduce most of human work. Here we have designed a robot that will avoid absence of surface underneath automatically without any control. So human life is saved while driving an automobile if this arrangement is placed in front of driving automobiles. IR Sensor is used for detecting the surface below the robot. L293D motor driver is used for controlling the motors in the robot. We have avoided the use of microcontroller in this robot, so designing the circuit is much easier.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enhanced QoS Based on Secure Reliable Key Routing Mechanism in Mobile Adhoc Network[ ]


Ad hoc wireless network is experiencing challenges due to various security issues and resource constraints in nature high mobility. There is always the challenge to create a reliable and optimized network for efficient routing. Ensuring a dynamic way that path which is known in communications is always a challenge in the mobile ad hoc network. Most of the existing secure routing protocols will target a particular type of malicious attacks or behavior of network. We propose a secure reliable key routing (SRKR) mechanism for secure and dynamic routing in mobile adhoc network for enhancing the QoS. It defines a unique reliable key for each communication route to perform a securing data packets routing using asymmetric cryptography and secure encrypted message routing. We evaluate the proposal through simulated experiments in different mobility scenario in a network. Simulation results shows an enhancement in QoS through achieving high throughput over existing approaches.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low Power 8, 16 & 32 bit ALU Design Using Clock Gating[ ]


In today’s world most of us use one or another sort of portable electronic device, and the major problem we face is the battery backup of device. This problem motivated in design of low power ALU which is the integral of any processor. This paper is an attempt in designing a low power energy efficient ALU using clock gating technique to reduce the dynamic power consumption. In this paper an 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit ALU with and without clock gating is designed and analyzed for its power consumption for different clock frequencies. It has been seen that we can reduce the dynamic power consumption by using clock gating to a great extent. It is observed that the percentage of power reduction increases as size of ALU is increased.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GPU-based Real-Time Multiple Moving Objects Tracking using Intergrated Spatial Region Graph for Video Surveillance[ ]


This paper presents the intergration of a proposed enhanced multi-objet color tracking, Partitioned Region Matching, and Spatial Region Graph for real time multi-object taking.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WATER AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA[ ]


A paper presentation on Water and development challenges in Nigeria can never come at a better time than now. It has been carefully written, with respect to previous publications and works done in the light of the Water Sector of Nigeria. The Nigerian Government has long considered the provision of water supply and sanitation services to be the domain of the federal, state and local governments. However, the public sector has not been successful in meeting more than a small portion of the demand for water and sanitation of residential and commercial users. Services are in critically short supply. For example, out of the 85 million people living in urban and semi-urban areas, less than half have reasonable access to reliable water supply. It is the keen interest of the writer to bring forward the various challenges of the sector and probable solutions. It has been said, for the system to come alive, every mechanism of the system needs to be forthcoming. The Government should be the Referee; the policy making and implementing arm, the various investors and finally the populace, who doubles as the costumer and also the consumer. It is the expectation this work would generate the interest of the various Organs of the Nigerian Government, Water Sector Investors, NGOs, External Partners and the entire populace that we need to play our individual role to make the Sector a worthy one, thereby eradicating poverty, unemployment and various ills that seems to be contributed by this vague negligence and mass failure.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit Analysis and Availability of a repairable redundant3-out-of-4system involving Preventive Maintenance[ ]


Studies on two unit repairable standby system dealing with availability and profit analysis involving preventive maintenance are numerous. However little attention is paid on the study of evaluation of reliability characteristics such as availability, busy period and profit function of multi component system such as 2-out-of-3 system involving four types of failures. The purpose of the present paper is to carry out the reliability of a redundant system with preventive maintenance. In this paper, we studied the availability and profit analysis of a repairable redundant 3-out-of-4 system with preventive maintenance involving four types of failures and develop explicit expressions for steady-state availability and profit function. The failure time distributions are exponential whereas the repair distribution is arbitrary or general. The expression for reliability is derived using supplementary variable technique. The numerical results for a particular case have also been made. Some particular cases have also been obtained analytically and graphically to see the impact of preventive maintenance on some system measures of effectiveness .Certain important result have been evaluated as special cases. Results have shown that system with preventive maintenance is better in terms of system effectiveness than system without preventive maintenance.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To Investigate the Relation between Class Dependent Transformation Function Coefficients for Voice Conversion[ ]


Voice conversion, is the modification of the speech of one speaker (called source speaker) into the speech of another speaker (called target speaker). The quality of the synthesised speech depends upon the precise estimation of the transformation function, which is very difficult as there are many features of speech which are difficult to extract automatically, such as meaning of the passage and intention of the speaker. Although a good estimate of the transformation function may be obtained from the dynamics of the spectral envelopes of source and target speakers , the misalignment of the patterns of phonemes in the passages of the source and target may hamper the precise estimation. The quality of the transformed speech depends upon various factors such as alignment of phonemes of source and target speaker, estimation of transition segments, estimation of transformation function, and resynthesis algorithm, the quality of the speech will be further deteriorated if the transition segments are not aligned properly. The most error prone process in voice conversion is the alignment of transition segments. It means exact alignment of the corresponding speech units in the source and target passages is necessary for the accurate estimation of the transformation function. Different methods have been used for alignment. These may be based on dynamic warping, cluster mapping, HMM, speech recognition, unit selection, and adaptation models.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Comparative Study of the Methods of Concrete Mix Design Using Crushed and Uncrushed Coarse Aggregates[ ]


The study aims at comparing two methods of concrete mix design; The British Department of Environment Method and The American Concrete Institute Method, using the crushed and uncrushed coarse aggregates at various target strengths. A total of Forty-Five cubes were produced. Fifteen concrete cubes were produced with crushed aggregates (Granite) using the DOE method. Another fifteen cubes were produced with uncrushed coarse aggregates (Gravel) using the DOE method, while the remaining fifteen concrete cubes were produced with crushed aggregates using the ACI method. Each of these cube were produced at different mix strength M20, M30 and M50, according to IS 456:2000 and tested at different curing days; 7days, 14days and 24days respectively. The compressive strength values were determined at ages 7, 14 and 28 days curing periods respectively. Results obtained showed that the uncrushed aggregates gave a higher 28-days compressive strength compared to that obtained from the crushed aggregates, but the reverse was the case for M50 were the result obtained using the crushed aggregate gave a higher strength than that obtained from uncrushed aggregate. It was also found that using the DOE method, the overall result obtained gave some low and high strength values at some point or the other. The same goes also for the ACI method, an average of 36.2N/mm2 for M20, 45.6N/mm2 for M30 and 67.7N/mm2 for M50 was obtained at 28-days using the DOE method and an average of 33.9N/mm2for M20, 46.9N/mm2 for M30 and 73.35N/mm2 for M50 using the ACI at 28-days. The ACI did not make provision for uncrushed aggregate in its design method, implying that comparison could not be made in that regard.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Development of Multipurpose Cadastre of Udoka Housing Estate, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria for Efficient Land Administration[ ]


Multipurpose cadastre has capability to store, manipulate, analyse and retrieve parcel based land related information. In this study, a multipurpose cadastre was developed and implemented for Udoka Housing Estate, Awka in Anambra State of Nigeria. The spatial and geometric data were acquired by land surveying techniques using a second order Wild T2 theodolite and standardised steel tape, while the attribute data were obtained by groundtruthing. The layout plan was produced with AUTOCAD 2007 software using the adjusted coordinates of the beacons. This hardcopy layout plan was converted to digital layout plan through scanning, georeferencing and digitising. Arc GIS 9.2 software was used to perform GIS operations of storing, processing, manipulating, analysing and displaying of desired information. Multipurpose cadastral information layers were created for roads, parcels, beacons, residential buildings and perimeter lines. Queries were created to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed multipurpose cadastre. These queries among others are query for roads that are not bad, query for developed and undeveloped parcels, query for parcels with duplexes ad bungalows, query for parcels that are used for residential and non-residential purposes, query for parcels whose owners are from Anambra State and query for parcels whose owners are females. The result shows that 83.78% of the total plots were developed while 16.22% were undeveloped. Out of the 83.78% developed plots, 62.37% were duplexes while 37.63% were bungalow. Also, only 2 plots or 1.8% were reserved for non-residential purposes. The results of the various queries and analyses shows that a multipurpose cadastre is a veritable tool for decision making in land related matters and should be adopted for successful implementation of the Land Reform Programme of the Federal Government of Nigeria.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Classification using Modified PSO Incorporating Probabilistic MH for Improved Convergence[ ]


Classification has its roots deep inside the area of prediction and analytics. Performing effective classification can provide huge advantages and improvements in several area. The huge downsides are the unavailability of enhanced techniques and the huge time consumption associated with several machine learning techniques. This paper presents a metaheuristic method based on a modified form of PSO that tends to provide better accuracies within acceptable time limits.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pages   [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [U]