Volume 5, Issue 8, August 2014 Edition

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Joint Scheduling And Powercontrol For Wireless Adhoc Networks Against Multiple Access Interference[ ]


This paper is aimed at the application of power control to addressing the problem of multiple access interference (MAI) of Code division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks. Our approach accounts for multiple access interference (MAI) at the protocol level, thereby addressing the notorious near-far problem that undermines the throughput performance in MANET (Mobile Adhoc Network) collision avoidance information is inserted in the clear-to-send (CTS) packets and broadcast over an out of band control channel. This information is used to dynamically bound the transmission power of possible interfering nodes to the vicinity of a receiver. Data were collected based on area of coverage and flow chart is shown to itemized each stage of the joint scheduling and power control. Initial routing table was designed in order to impose initial network connectivity and to know nodes that should be able to communicate with each other and simulation was carried out using a network of different nodes randomly distributed over different grids to know the effectiveness of the designed network. Findings show that multiple access problem can be solved by the use of scheduling algorithm to coordinate the transmission of independent users for the elimination of interference or by the use of power control in a distributed fashion for schedule users to satisfy single- hop transmission requirements.

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Vibration Suppression Of Heavy Vehicle Chassis Of Composite Structure Using ANSYS[ ]


High-technology structures often have stringent requirements for structural dynamics. Suppressing vibrations is crucial to their performance. Passive damping is used to suppress vibrations by reducing peak resonant response. Viscoelastic damping materials add passive damping to structures by dissipating vibration strain energy in the form of heat energy. The incorporation of damping materials in advanced composite materials offers the possibility of highly damped, light-weight structural components that are vibration-resistant.

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Enhancing Cloud Computing Security by using Multi-Cloud Strategy[ ]


The use of cloud computing has increased rapidly in many organizations. Cloud computing provides many benefits in terms of low cost and accessibility of data. Ensuring the security of cloud computing is a major factor in the cloud computing environment, as users often store sensitive information with cloud storage providers but these providers may be untrusted. Dealing with “single cloud” providers is predicted to become less popular with customers due to risks of service availability failure and the possibility of malicious insiders in the single cloud.

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Stress-Related Mental Diseases[ ]


This past summer, I was granted the opportunity to work with Dr. Duman and the post-doctorate researchers at the Ribicoff Labs located at Yale University where they research in the topics of molecular psychiatry and neuroscience. Psychiatry and neuroscience are both interconnected and the main focus of these topics is surrounded around the brain. Psychiatry is the study of mental illnesses, emotional disturbance, and abnormal behavior, and neuroscience deals with the structure or function of the nervous system and brain. I was fortunate enough to have worked with two post-doctorate researchers, Tina Franklin and Sophie Dutheil, who allowed me to assist them with their research and experiments and taught me new scientific information that is associated with their experiments. This paper discusses my personal experience working in the research field and also about the experiments and scientific knowledge that I gained from this experience. The hypothesis that was made was that increased levels of cortisol in the blood caused by stress can lead to mental diseases such as major depressive disorder, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

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Hydro-osmotic Potential Irrigation System (HOPIS)[ ]


A micro auto regulative irrigation technology has been examined in Iraqi soils namely Hyro-Osmotic Irrigation System HOPIS. Experimental field measurements have been conducted to investigate the physical Wetting front advance behavior (issued from ceramic jar) through three types of soil; they are clayey, sandy, and mixture of (40%clay, 40%sand and 20% fertilizer) soils under the effect of a variable hydraulic head of (0, 1.25, 2.5m).

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On Painlevé analysis for some non–linear evolution equations[ ]


In this paper, we present explicit Painlevé test for the potential Boussinesq equation, The murrary equation, The (2 + 1) Calogero equation, The Rosenau – Hyman equation (RH), Cole – Hopf (CH) equation, The Fornberg – Whitham equation (FW), Some of these equations have shown to possess Painlevé property, therefore, are Painleve integrable while the rest did not pass the test and reasons for that are conjectured.

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Oxidative stress and expression level of Catalase, Glutathione S Tranferase Enzyme in type 2 diabetes[ ]


Type2 diabetes formerly known as non insulin dependent diabetes is the most common form of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. The type 2 diabetes is caused due to metabolical disorder. Oxidative stress, through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to develop insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance there by impairing antioxidant expression level such as catalase.Type2 diabetes is develop by oxidative stress due to imbalance in antioxidant expression and activity. Peroxisome proliferators’ activated receptor (PPAR) is able for catalase enzyme development. Reactive molecule species are bind with PPAR and inhibit to signalling pathways which initial for activity of catalase enzyme due in that condition decrease level of catalase activity so that catalase can not convert to lot of reactive molecule in H2O and O2. The data are suggested that PPAR mediated receptor signalling pathway and expression of gene may block to normal catalase expression which by reactive molecules species. In study this we have to measure Red Blood Cell catalase (CAT), Total Antioxidant Level (TAC), Glutathione S Transferase (GST) to understand weather what kind of Enzyme activity in Type2 Diabetes Patients and in Healthy person male or female. Method and Result We measure activity of CAT enzyme in Diabetes patients (N=60) and Healthy individual (N=30) Mean and SEM value of CAT enzyme in Diabetes & Healthy Individual respectively 0.6283 ± 0.1209 and 0.9754±0.1787. GST in Diabetes & Healthy Individual respectively 61.70 ± 9.123 and 55.52 ± 8.094.TAC level of Diabetes & Healthy Individual respectively 17.41 ± 0.8497 and 39.58 ± 2.061.

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Epidemiological Survey And Mathematical Modelling Of The Prevalence And Impact Of HIV/AIDS[ ]


HIV prevalence studies have widely been carried out in developing countries, and researchers have long appreciated the need to understand the intricacies of the transmission dynamics as well as the cumulative impact of HIV infection in the population. Mathematical modeling provides a more subtle and intuitive mechanism for studying the paradigm and consequences of HIV infection especially in local communities. This study was an epidemiologic survey and mathematical modeling of the prevalence and impact of HIV/AIDS and aims at assessing the transmission dynamics to evaluate the equilibrium condition for continuity and maintenance of the disease among the susceptible population including blood donors, antenatal patients, pre-marriage couples, street children, sex workers/long distance truck drivers and single parents along or near the East-North trucking route of Enugu State. Screening for HIV antibodies was conducted using two enzyme-immuno assays (EIA): the Genie-II and the Q-Spot. Statistical analyses were by ANOVA and the Pearson Chi-square tests. Mathematical modeling of HIV prevalence and impact was carried out using the Routh-Hurwitz Criteria. A steady increase in HIV prevalence was observed across the surveyed areas: from 8.0% in 1999 (in Eha-Alumona) to 22.0% in 2001 (in Enugu urban); with gender prevalence of 15.9% in 1999 to 17.5% in 2000 and 2001 among the males; and 17.3% in 1999 to 20.8% in 2001 among the females (F cal = 5.185; p < 0.05). The age bracket most affected was 16-30 years, (28.1%; relative risk, 2.0), followed by those in the 31-45-age range (24.0%). Highest HIV prevalence was however observed among the commercial sex workers (20.1%) and those in multiple sex partnership (17.5%). From mathematical modeling, disparities in HIV prevalence among the population studied are apparent: these are intrinsically linked to their transmission dynamics, chiefly commercial sex networking. The model establishes the failure of the system to achieve the equilibrium conditions necessary for stability, indicating that the stability of the HIV epidemic is not guaranteed, (implying steady increase in HIV infection), and attributing the instability to regular inflow of susceptible individuals to the target population.

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SOME POLYNOMIAL REPRESENTATION USING THE (123)-AVOIDING CLASS OF THE AUNU PERMUTATION PATTERNS OF CARDINALITY FIVE USING BINARY CODES[ ]


Binary codes have interesting applications in digital electronic circuits in which a Boolean variable is used to represent a point in a circuit; hence Boolean algebra can be used as a design tool for digital electronic circuit. Binary codes have been generated using a contagion model reported earlier by the authors. This paper reports a polynomial representation scheme using these binary codes as obtained from the Aunu permutation patterns. The purpose of using polynomial representations is to define operations on the words and sub words generated by Aunu permutation pattern using conventional polynomial arithmetic’s except that the coefficients are taken modulo 2 in the completed operations. The polynomials can also be used for construction of mathematical structures such as groups, rings and fields.

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An Examination Of Long Term Variation In Landuse/Landcover Types In Jalingo Metropolis, Nigeria[ ]


The study examined the changes in land use/land cover (LULC) in Jalingo between 1988 and 2006. Six LULC types were classified in the study area from Landsat TM image of 1988, and Landsat ETM image of 1999.The six LULC types were bareland, built-up, cultivation, shrubland, water body and wetland. The data were analyzed using thinning, overlay operations, ground truthing, calculation of the area in km2 of the resulting LULC type.The software used in the analysis are ERDAS and ILWIS 3.2.The areas of bareland, cultivation, water body, shrubland and wetland have decreased by 1.53km2 (1.6%), 19.22km2 (71%),0.15km2 (0.6%) 0.22km2 (0.81%) and1.64km2 (6.0%) from 1988 to 2006. Conversely, the area of built-up land has increased by 15.62km2 (40.2%) during the same period. Built-up land lost 11.64 km2 and gain 27.26km2 from 1988 to 2006 with the highest contribution of 19.22km2 (71%) from cultivated land. The study recommended among others, the need for appropriate legislations to be put in place to check indiscriminate sprawling. The study concludes that increase in the proportion of urban population is the principal driver of land use/land cover change in Jalingo town.

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An Examination Of The Extent Of Residential Segregation And Damages To Lives And Properties In Takum And Ussa Local Government Areas Of Taraba State Nigeria[ ]


This study has examined the extent of residential segregation and damages to lives and properties in Takum and Ussa Local Government Areas of Taraba state. The study aimed to examine the extent of residential segregation and damages to lives and properties in Takum and Ussa LGAsl. In all, the worse affected areas of Takum, Rogo, Lissam and Rufu were grided into 40 squares, 38 of which were directly on the area and in each of the grids, 10 questionnaires were randomly administered on individuals bringing the total to 380 questionnaires designed to elicit information on causes of the crisis, its effects on production and income levels of the people, the extent of residential segregation and damages to lives and property were administered to randomly selected members of the society. The study has identified the causes of crisis to include poverty, chieftaincy tussle, boundary adjustment, youth unemployment, among others. The study found that robbery, vandalism, house breaking and social segregations were perpetrated mostly by the youths and are the aftermath of the crisis which resulted from perceived feelings of marginalization, claims of unequal access to economic, social and political opportunities in the area. This crisis in the area due to its persistence and recurrent nature, has also led to damages of lives and property and decrease in people’s economic activities which calls for in-depth study to the problem. Also, the study found that throughout the crisis years, there was a decline in the level of agricultural investment/yield, income levels of the people of the area, and increased the level of social and residential segregation and damages to lives and property amounting to billions of Naira. This research concluded that for any meaningful development, to take place in the area, a number of policies that will check conflicts and address the problems of the people have to be put in place by governments at all levels and even the communities which should include; provision of basic social amenities, provision of job opportunities, the establishment of skills acquisition centers and the implementation of the various committee reports set up at different times to look into the crisis. These measures, the study posits will bring about lasting peace that will guarantee progress and development of the people and their economy.

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Graph Tracer Method: Simultaneous Identification of Segmented Vascular True Vessels From Retinal Replica[ ]


Identification of retinal blood vessels morphology reflects the heart disease like hypertension, coronary heart disease etc. The contingency of the retinal vessels helps to detect the cardiovascular condition of human body. The aim of this paper is to find the optimal path of the true vessels from the segmented vessel graph. The major challenges in this identification are crossover and bifurcation that leads to ambiguity when one vessel is tracked on a one-at-a-time basis. To avoid this, the vessel tracking, vessel segmentation and vessel identification are preformed simultaneously. Hence the complete vessel of the retina is determined.

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Confirmation On The Motivation And Satisfaction Model Of Foreign Senior Tourists[ ]


Foreign senior tourists are overseas travelers aged 55 and above. The core problem explored in the current research is whether there is a relationship between the motivation and satisfaction of foreign senior tourists vacationing in Bali. This is a confirmatory study built on the tourist loyalty model developed by Yoon and Uysal (2003) and Chi (2005), based on the theory of consumer behavior and its application for tourism. The current study is an in-depth confirmation on the effects of travel motivation of the senior tourism segment on the segment’s satisfaction because satisfaction, in turn, affects tourist loyalty as the basis for repeat visits and recommendations for friends and relatives. A survey of 400 respondents was conducted, using field survey method, combining quantitative and qualitative data. The analytical tools utilized were descriptive statistical analysis, multivariate analysis (Structural Equation Modeling), and qualitative descriptive analysis. The tests on confirmation model revealed a relationship model between motivation and satisfaction of foreign senior tourists vacationing in Bali. The goodness of fit tests revealed that the model is replicable for similar research settings. Motivational push factors affect the satisfaction of foreign senior tourists vacationing in Bali, comprising of: (1) the push to visit new places, (2) the push to gain new knowledge and experience, and (3) the push to get out of the daily routine. In addition, motivational pull factors also affect the satisfaction of senior foreign tourists vacationing in Bali, comprising of: (1) health facilities, the quality of travel agency services, and (3) the quality of tour guides. The study also revealed that the opinions of senior tourists on Bali are not all positive; several respondents criticized the various problems that threaten the sustainability of Bali’s tourism. Crowded streets and traffic congestions are seen to be detrimental to Bali’s reputation as island paradise.

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Analytical Study Of The Characteristic Parameters Of Microstripline Coupler And Their Variation With Geometry And Frequency Using Different Substrates[ ]


This paper presents the Analytical study of characteristic parameters of the microstripline coupler and their variation with strip geometries, substrate permittivity and frequency using different substrates. Respective tables and graphs shows the dependence of characteristic impedance, phase velocity and guide wavelength on stripwidth of the metal, on spacing between two metal strips, on dielectric constant of the substrate material for both the even and odd-modes. Mathematical formulation method is used which is based on the conformal transformation technique developed by H.A. Wheeler and calculation is based on computer programming developed by S.K. Kaul using closed form formula of Schwartzman.

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Production Of Lipids In Photobioreactors Using Microalgae[ ]


Microalgae represent an exceptionally diverse but highly specialized group of micro-organisms adapted to various ecological habitats. Many microalgae have the ability to produce substantial amounts (e.g. 20–50% dry cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo-oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is key in regulating fatty acid synthesis rates. However, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis is poorly understood in microalgae. Synthesis and sequestration of TAG into cytosolic lipid bodies appear to be a protective mechanism by which algal cells cope with stress conditions, but little is known about regulation of TAG formation at the molecular and cellular level.Lipid production is done in Photobioreactor nowadays but before it was done in open system. Today, the production of algal oil is primarily con?ned to high-value specialty oils with nutritional value, rather than commodity oils for biofuel. This review provides a brief summary on production of lipid in photobioreactor using microalgae ,the difference between open system and photobioreactor and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization.

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Super Resolution Image Reconstruction Using Fast Inpainting Algorithm[ ]


This paper introduces a novel framework for examplar-based inpainting. It consists in performing first the inpainting on a coarse version of the input image. A hierarchical super-resolution algorithm is then used to recover details on the missing areas. The advantage of this approach is that it is easier to inpaint low-resolution pictures than high-resolution ones. The gain is both in terms of computational complexity and visual quality. However, to be less sensitive to the parameter setting of the inpainting method, the low-resolution input picture is inpainted several times with different configurations. Results are efficiently combined with a loopy belief propagation and details are recovered by a single-image super-resolution algorithm. Experimental results in a context of image editing and texture synthesis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results are compared with existing method by the running time calculation of proposed work inpainting methods.

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Validation Of Rp-hplc Method For The Estimation Of Secnidazole In Bulk And Its Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms[ ]


A simple, accurate, precise and sensitive HPLC-UV method was developed for the determination of secnidazole in pharmaceutical formulations. This method developed and validated in the present study. The mobile phase consists of mixed buffer, Methanol and Acetonitrile in the ratio 60: 30: 10 and adjusts the pH to 6.8 with dilute sodium hydroxide solution. This was found to give a sharp peak of Secnidazole at a retention time of 2.705 min. HPLC analysis on column Ace, C8, 150 X 4.6, 5µ of Secnidazole was carried out at a wavelength of 254nm, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml min-1 linear regression analysis data for the Calibration curve showed a good linear relationship with regression coefficient 0.998 in the concentration range of 25 µg/ml-1 to 150 µg/ml-1.The linear regression equation was Y=11361×-9156.The developed method was employed with a high degree of precision and accuracy for the analysis of Secnidazole. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, robustness, detection and quantification limits as for ICH guidelines. The wide linearity range, accuracy, sensitivity, short retention time and composition of the mobile phase indicate that this method was successfully applied to quantification of Secnidazole.

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The impact of gas flaring on the air quality: a case study of Izombe in earstern Nigeria[ ]


The impact of gas flaring on the air quality using Izombe as a case study was investigated using chemical air pollutants. The chemical pollutants investigated were Nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide, Hydrogen Sulphide, Volatile Organic Compounds, Carbon monoxide and Suspended Particulate Matter. Three samples were taken for each of the chemical pollutants at a distance of 100m, 200m and 300m away from the flare stack. Data collected at these distances were analyzed using both descriptive statistics and non-parametric technique. The analysis showed that the mean concentration of these pollutants was 0.83ppm for NO2, 1.91ppm for SO2, 0.95ppm for H2S, 2.96ppm for VOCs, 1.61ppm for CO, and 7.11ppm for SPM; all exceeded Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) stipulated Standard. The adoption of current reliable and efficient technologies for emission control was recommended.

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Biosorption Potentials of Moringa Oleifera Seed in Textile Effluent Treatment[ ]


Textile industries produce effluents that are highly complex and are characterized by high BOD, COD, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, turbidity etc. In this study, coagulation using Moringa oleifera seed was used to reduce the suspended and colloidal materials responsible for turbidity of the wastewater. The seed powder was used as a natural coagulant to reduce turbidity, COD, pH, TDS, BOD, conductivity and absorbance of textile effluent. The tests were carried out using textile effluent with conventional test apparatus. Various results were obtained by increasing dosage of M. oleifera seed powder from 4g to 18g. Optimum dosage for reduction of COD, BOD, TDS, turbidity, conductivity and absorbance was determined, it was observed that the highest dose which is 18g has a greater efficiency in terms of reduction of the parameters tested with pH of 6.36, COD 9 mg/L, BOD 3mg/L, conductivity 60 µS/cm, TDS 160 mg/L, turbidity 0 NTU and absorbance of 0.044. The seed from Moringa oleifera plant shows high potential industrial textile effluent treatments.

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Development of a Fuzzy Logic Based Model using different Membership and Rules criteria for predicting water consumption using Climatic variables[ ]


This research work highlights the importance of fuzzy model for predicting the water consumption using climatic variables. The developed fuzzy model is based on different rules criteria and different membership function. Mamdani fuzzy inference system is employed for this analysis. this Work is carried out using two membership functions such as triangular and trapezoidal and four different rules criteria such as three, six, nine and twelve rules. Rainfall, Maximum and Minimum temperature and relative humidity were selected as input for predicting water consumption. The model predicted outputs were compared with the actual data. Obtained results reveal that predicted results are almost close to observed data. Performance evaluation is carried out using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Accuracy and on the basis of the results obtained, it can be suggested that fuzzy model is efficiently capable of predicting water consumption.

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Soil and Water Conservation of Manimuktha Watershed – A Case Study[ ]


Watershed is a collection of water related components that include climate, water, soil and plants. The behavior of each component is controlled by its individual nature as well as by its interaction with other components. Watershed management implies the proper use of all land, water and natural resources of a watershed. In India, watershed based activities were initiated in 1956 by Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Dehradun, followed by operational research projects in 1974. It is a well known fact all forms of natural resources are being rapidly exploited due to growth in population, increased industrial activities, urbanization, etc. But many of the natural resources available in the earth, including the precious water is finite one. So as to satisfy the growing needs of mankind in the areas of food, clothing and shelter the agricultural lands are being over exploited in the present situation, which leads to degradation of all forms of cultivable lands. This is mainly due to modern agricultural practices such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, water logging, salinity problems, mono cropping, and climatologically imbalances. This results in soil erosion, depletion in soil fertility and total degradation of land environment. Keeping these factors in mind, this project work is aimed to study the soil properties and farm practices in a watershed, and it is proposed to recommend suitable conservation measures and techniques to sustain the wealth of the soil. This study will be carried out by watershed approach. In Tamilnadu most of the districts are drought prone. Therefore a drought prone rural ungaged watershed, a sub watershed of Manimuktha watershed (4C1A2c) of velar basin, Tamilnadu, India is taken up in this study. A watershed database is created using remote sensing data and GIS. A rainfall - runoff model is constructed on the basis of the Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number (SCS-CN) technique by using GIS. Monthly and annual runoff values are obtained from the daily runoff values of the watershed. In this study, water and land resources are attempted for soil and water conservation and management. PC Arc/Info GIS software is used for analysis. The developed rainfall - runoff model can be used for better water resources management of the watershed.

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Operation Management of a Micro Grid Containing Photovoltaic/ Energy Storage Devices[ ]


Recently, due to technology improvements, governmental incentives for the use of green energies and rising concerns about high cost of energy fromfossil fuels, renewable energy sources (RESs) appears to be a promising approach for producing local, clean, and inexhaustible energy. This motivates the implementation of micro grids (MGs) introduced as a cluster of electrical and/or thermal loads and different RESs. This paper considers uncertainties in load demand, market prices and the available electrical power of wind farms and photovoltaic systems. A computer program has been developed to size system components in order to match the load of the site in the most cost. A cost of electricity, an overall system cost is also calculated for each configuration. The study was performed using a graphical user interface programmed in MATLAB/simulink environment.

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Characterization of Castor (Ricirus Communis) And Jatropha (Jatropha Curcas) Oils As Alternative Base Oil For Automotive Lubricants[ ]


The energy crisis and shortage of fuel emanating from total dependence on mineral oil with resultant socio-economic problems demand the need to explore the use of renewable energy as alternative. This study evaluates the physical properties of the castor (Ricirus communis) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oils as alternative base oil for lubricant in auto engines.

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Effectiveness Of Tuned Liquid Dampers In Reducing Vibrations Of Tall Structure – A Parametric Study[ ]


Current trends in construction industry demands taller and lighter structures, which are also more flexible and having quite low damping value. This increases failure possibilities and also, problems from serviceability point of view. Several techniques are available today to minimise the vibration of structure, out of which concept of using of TLD is a newer one. This study was made to study the effectiveness of using TLD for controlling vibration of structure. For actual analysis process simple plan of building was decided according to requirements building structure water tank was designed and effective water depth designed from impulsive and convective concepts of water during vibration.

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