Volume 5, Issue 8, August 2014 Edition

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Potentiodynamic Polarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Density Functional Theory Studies of Sulfa Guanidine Azomethine as Efficient Corrosion Inhibitors for Nickel Surface in Hydrochloric Acid Solution[ ]


The corrosion inhibition properties of a new class of sulfa guanidine azomethine derivatives, namely sulfa guanidine azomethine 2,4 dihydroxy benzaldehyde and sulfa guanidine azomethine salisaldehyde for nickel corrosion in 0.1 M HCl medium were analysed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). An adequate structural model of the interface was usedand the values of the corresponding parameters were calculated and discussed. The experimental results showed that these compounds are excellent inhibitors for the nickel corrosion in acid solution and that the protection efficiency increased with increasing the inhibitors concentration. Electrochemical impedance data demonstrate that the addition of the sulfa guanidine azomethine derivatives in the corrosive solution decreases the charge capacitance and simultaneously increases the function of the charge/discharge of the interface, facilitating the formation of an adsorbed layer over the nickel surface. Adsorption of these inhibitors on the nickel surface obeys to the Frumkin adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic adsorption parameters (Kads, ?G°ads) of investigated inhibitors were calculated from the linear form of Frumkin adsorption isotherm. Activation parameters of the corrosion process were calculated and discussed.Quantum chemical calculations using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) were performed on sulfa guanidine azomethine derivatives to determine the relationship between molecular structure and their inhibition efficiencies. The results of the quantum chemical calculations and experimental inhibition efficiency were subjected to correlation analysis and indicate that their inhibition effect is closely related to EHOMO, ELUMO, and the energy difference (?E).

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Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Capacitor Placement on Electric Power Distribution Networks[ ]


Optimal capacitor allocation in distribution systems has been studied for a long times. It is an optimization problem which has an objective to define the optimal sizes and locations ofcapacitors to be installed.This paper presents a new methodology using particle swarm optimization (PSO) Algorithm for the placement of capacitors on the distribution systems to reduce the power losses and to improve the voltage profile.The optimization algorithm described here has been applied successfully in a real system. Results obtained by simulation of real system, is presented to validate the proposed solution method. The simulation results show that the proposed method has good performance.

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Risk Assessment and Management in Construction Projects[ ]


Construction of bridge projects are initiated in complex and dynamic problems resulting in circumstances of high uncertainty and risk, which are compounded by demanding time and cost constrains. The general methodology is to study relies largely on the survey questionnaire which will be collect from the various bridge project construction contractors and project manager of different sizes by mail or personnel meeting. The questionnaire prepared for the survey was formulated by seeing the relevant literatures in the area of construction management. This research seeks to identify the risk factors that affect the performance of bridge projects as a whole and analyze by using appropriate tools and technique and to develop a risk management framework. The responses were analyzed like bar charts were subjected to using the software of SPSS. This questionnaire has been divided in to two factors namely time and finance management. The 25 number of companies related to bridge projects industries. For these factors analysis of t-test and ANOVA were calculated, tabulated and the result are given according to the suitable suggestions.

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High Speed Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coder used in SPIHT[ ]


The CABAC design is based on the key elements of binarization, context modeling, and binary arithmetic coding. Binarization makes efficient binary arithmetic coding via a unique mapping of nonbinary syntax elements to a sequence of bits, which are called bins. Each bin can either be processed in the regular coding mode or the bypass mode. The latter is chosen for selected bins in order to allow a speedup of the whole encoding process means of simplified non adaptive coding benefit, where a bin may be context modeled and subsequently arithmetic encoded. A pipeline register is inserted between context memory and the binary arithmetic decoder to reduce the critical path of the loop. The speed of the SPIHT algorithm is increased by using CABAC then using Arithmetic Coder. The Coding is done in VHDL language and synthesized using Xilinx ISE 13.2 and simulated using ISim. As a design decision, the speed of the SPIHT algorithm is increased by using CABAC than using Arithmetic Coder.

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An over view on the causes, types and role of hormones in fish migration[ ]


In terrestrial and aquatic organisms, migration is a very common phenomenon that occurs both on diel and seasonal bases either for, reproduc-tion, feeding or refuge seeking from predators or adverse climatic conditions. Migration is triggers by various extrinsic factors such as, precipitation, water level, current and discharge, lunar cycle, photoperiod, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, turbidity and water color, fish density, hunger and apparition of certain insects. The intrinsic factors such as, thyroxin, prolactin, growth hormone, somatolactin, insulin like growth factor -1(IGF-1), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), ll-ketotestosterone (11KT), estradiol-17ß (E2) and 17a, 20ß-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) has either a direct or indirect role in triggering fish migration. For fish, migration is very essential for their existence, as a single habitat cannot provide abundant of food and ideal environmental conditions for long times. Man has interrupted fish migration by constructing dams, culverts and weirs that break stream continuity. Water pollution and certain toxicant not only altered the physical and chemical properties of water but also negatively affects the olfactory, lateral line organs, metabolism and swimming performance, leading to delay or migration failure. Migration delay or failure is a key factor for species extinction and reduces the availability of fish for human consumption.

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Release from Traffic Jam: No Vehicle has to stop for a second[ ]


Traffic Jam has reached to dangerous condition in many countries of the world. When one or more vehicles stop on road, traffic jam is created. There may be some minor causes of traffic jam. These are exceptional like road accident, sudden movement of laborers etc. These are negligible and not a regular phenomenon at all. The main cause of traffic jam is “danger cross”. Following things should be done to solve the problem Traffic Jam: i) Ordinary junction (Danger cross) should be ignored. For this roads like Figure-1 & 2 should be converted to figure-3 & 4 respectfully. ii) Wide U turn (Like fig-4) should be built at certain distance (1 km, ½ km or any other convenient distance) from the junction. If one vehicle wants to turn in right or backward direction, it must move through U turn. This U turn may also be built at certain distances in a long road which is divided by Road-Divider or Island. iii) When two runways (lane) coincide with each other, they will be near about parallel.

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Modified Skip List in Concurrent Environment[ ]


Traditional data structures give few considerations to their execution in concurrent environments. It is not sufficient to simply move a traditional data structure into a concurrent environment and expect an improvement in performance by allocating additional resources and processing power. In that direction we present an efficient and practical lock based MSL (modified skip list). MSL is a modified version of basic skip list; we describe methods for performing concurrent access and update using MSL. Experimental result shows that MSL structure is faster than original skip list structure for representation of dictionaries

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Efficient Power Management Technique Of Multicore Architecture For Real Time Visual Data[ ]


With increasing need of higher computational capacity and speed for visual data such as images & videos, Multicore computing technology has become a viable solution. Graphite multicore architecture simulator provides a necessary parallel computing environment not only for computational test but also optimized modelling. This paper discusses about the efficient model for multi-core architecture based on image processing algorithm incorporating both Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) & concept of heterogeneity.

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The use of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil as an Alterna-tive Source of Energy in the Diets of African Mudcatfish (Clarias gariepinus - Burchell, 1822) Juveniles[ ]


A twelve week investigation into the effects of feeding substituted palm oil (PMO) with coconut oil (CNO) as an alternative source of energy, on the growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus juveniles was conducted. Six (6) isonitrogenous 40% crude protein diets were formulated where CNO replaced PMO at 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 0% inclusions and labelled diets 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 respectively. Juveniles of C. gariepinus (40.39±2.98g) stocked at 20 fish/50lts plastic tanks in triplicate, were fed twice daily to satiation with weight changes recorded weekly. Samples of experimental diets and fish carcass were analyzed for proximate composition, while growth performance and quality of diets were evaluated. Fish fed diet 4 (containing 60% palm oil, 40% coconut oil) inclusion had the highest mean weight 203.36±2.27g and the best food conversion ratio of 1.44 ±0.34g after the twelve weeks of study. There was significant differences (P< 0.05) in the percentage weight gain between fish fed diet 1 (333.28±1.26g) and fish fed diet 4 (401.75±10.9g). No significant difference (P>0.05) was recorded in protein intake (PI) between fish fed diets 2, 3 and 4 while significant difference (P< 0.05) was recorded in the protein efficiency ratio of fish fed diet 3 (3.05±0.18) and diet 4 (2.50±0.10). Therefore, for better growth, a 40% partial replacement of PMO with CNO as dietary lipid in diet of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles as alternative source of energy is recommended.

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A Computer-Assisted Therapy: New Methodology of Predict Restricting Enzymes to Replace Mutations Gene Caused Cancers[ ]


There is high requirement for integrated therapy methodology starting with finding DNA template which involved target gene se-quence causes diseases, diagnosis and classify mutations at gene and protein yield him, then expected replacement at a mutated gene via predicting a restriction enzymes before going to the laboratory. There are multiple researches around this idea but either not integrated method or focus on biological actions within lab which associated with problems. This paper suggested Computer-Assisted Therapy CAT as new methodology of integrated therapy to replacement mutated gene caused disease by predicting restriction enzymes using bioinformatics tools, software, packages etc. Implement and apply this proposed CAT methodology on TP53 gene (Tumor protein P53) which caused more than fifty% of human cancers, shows an effective cost and friendly therapy methodology of replacement mutated gene comparing with other methods and this therapy methodology is comprehensive in finding target TP53 (tumor protein P53) gene from DNA template, detecting primers, predict a restriction enzymes, etc. Which reduce the problems within biologic lab when implementing the replacement of mutations TP53 gene.

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How to reduce waste on Industries by using Lean Six Sigma Tool[ ]


A number of manufacturing companies have several issues and complexities that causes distortions and wasteful in activities. Such issues cannot be fully solved and it is a fact that a number of companies have issues with the waste and delivery. Tools of lean manufacturing can increase the speed of process and hence removal of waste. Issues related to quality and other precision of process can be solved through employing a suitable technique. Lean six-sigma can be used to address the issues of waste as well as variations. The characteristics of Lean and Six Sigma tools are incorporated in lean six-sigma. Lean six-sigma is the method designed to solve the issues of waste and highly varying production. Wastages of resources increases the production cost and reduces the profitability of organizations. Organizations needs to adopted processes and tools to remove errors from the system and mechanize the production process.

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Boeing and its Inventory Management[ ]


This study would discuss about the Boeing Company, its products and services offering to the different kinds of clients. This study discuss-es the different product range of the Boeing, which fulfills the need of various types of clients and how Boeing is providing services to the NASA. This also details about Boeing are contributing in increasing the America’s exports and operating all over the World. Boeing is the Heavy Industrial Corporation and it uses the certain accounting method mentioned in this study, which meets its unique accounting needs as compared to other kind of businesses. There has also been discussed about the certain advantages and disadvantages of the Accounting method used by the Boeing for the Inventory evaluation and costing.

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Describing Kaizen process on airplane industries[ ]


Kaizen process is Japanese originated process that calls for continuous improvements and reduction in waste with the help of broader process of consultation with all of the employees in the workplace. This research paper investigates the impact of the Kaizen process on the airline industry. Airline industry, due to its various sensitivities, is found very much obliged to this process. The application of Kaizen process in the airline industry would result in safer production and journey. Advantages, disadvantages are also included to have clear picture of the process. Methods used are described and conclusions are drawn along with comments in the end.

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Kanban Inventory System on Healthcare[ ]


Kanban inventory system in healthcare is the system that focuses on timely replenishment of items required in the industry. The purpose of this small piece of research paper is to know the effectiveness of the Kanban inventory system in health care industry. The method of replenishment under Kanban inventory system is discussed with the help of simple example. The process of the system with the help of graph is also elaborated. The advantages of Kanban inventory system in the healthcare industry are explored with some of the disadvantages too. In conclusion, concluding remarks and comments are included. This research paper is very useful in understanding the complexities of inventory management in simpler and easy way. This work would be helping to understand about the topic easily.

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Experimental Observation of a Small Capacity Vapor Absorption Cooling System[ ]


This paper work indicates the experimental investigation and performance evaluation of a small capacity of vapor absorption cooling system. With the development in the field of refrigeration, cooling and heat transforming systems, the vapor absorption cycle has gained renewed interest due to environmental and electricity availability problems of commonly used refrigerants in vapor compression system. The most common refrigerant-absorbent pair is water-LiBr. It is the most popular choice in absorption cooling. A small capacity vapor absorption system is first analyzed and characteristics at various points are measured. Components like absorber, evaporator, condenser and generator are designed based on capacity 2 kW. Heat exchanger sizing are made based on type of heat exchanger used. The necessary heat and mass transfer equations and appropriate equations describing the working properties are specified. The difference between absorber LiBr inlet outlet percentage ratio, the COP of the unit, variation of absorption rate with LiBr weight percentage, variation of evaporator outlet temperature are examined. The experimentally obtained cop is 0.32 which is less than the design COP 0.58. Information on designing the heat exchangers of the unit is also presented. The calculated theoretical values are then compared to experimental results derived for a small unit with nominal capacity of 2 kW. Absorber heat rejection increases with increasing absorber temperature. Evaporator heat exchanger exit temperature decreases with increasing pressure at evaporator.

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e-dhaRani: A Comprehensive Registration Solution of Government of Odisha[ ]


The department of Revenue and Disaster Management, Govt. of Odisha appreciated the importance of e-Governance and has undertaken e-dhaRani, a comprehensive project of computerization of all 185 Registration offices across the state. A significant capacity in terms of physical and technology infrastructure has therefore been built to implement e-dhaRani in a competent manner, with a holistic perspective and with speed. The manual system of registration was cumbersome and prone to errors. The e-dhaRani system is intended to simplify the same, thereby reducing the time for registration of a deed. The e-dhaRani application software is intended to achieve IT enablement of complete workflow of a Sub Registrar Office in Odisha. The web based application is designed & developed to enhance the productivity of department by reducing inherent delays in registering a deed. Inspector General of Registration, Govt. of Odisha has successfully Implemented e-dhaRani project on PPP mode across 185 Registration Offices in the State of Odisha. The Project encompasses installation, commissioning and Operations & Management. The project was commissioned on January 04, 2010.

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Analog Mixed Signal Based SoC for Measurement of AC Electrical Conductivity of Water[ ]


Designing with mixed signal (Analog + Digital ) based SoC is an innovative field of VLSI technology, which features dynamic rconfigurability, that provides an opportunity to flourish wide domain of applicataions.

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Comparison on Swarm Algorithms for Feature Selections/Reductions[ ]


The swarm algorithms that are stimulated by the principles of natural biological evolution and distributed collective behavior of social colonies have shown excellence in dealing with complex optimization problems and are becoming more popular nowadays. This paper surveys six (6) biologically inspired popular swarm algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Artificial Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms (ACO), Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithms (AFSA), Artificial Bees Colony Algorithms (ABC), Firefly Algorithms (FA) and Bat Algorithms (BA) and its application in feature selections/reductions. The process of reviewing articles is by looking into how the algorithms adapted to the problem in feature selections/reductions specifically in improving the classification accuracy, minimizing the numbers of attributes without compromising the quality of the results and evaluating performance in term of processing time. Results shows that all algorithms reviewed based on previous literature have a promising capability that can be applied in feature selections/reductions problem. The significance of this reviewed is to present the comparison and various alternative of swarm algorithms to be applied in feature selections/reductions problem.

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BEHAVIOR OF VISCO-ELASTIC FLUID IN PRESENCE OF DIFFUSION OF CHEMICALLY REACTIVE SPECIES[ ]


We studied the influence of reaction rate parameter on the transfer of chemically reactive species in the laminar visco-elastic fluid flow for non-linearly stretching surface and the reactive species is emitted from this sheet and under goes an isothermal and homogeneous one-stage reaction as it diffuses in to the surrounding fluid. The important findings of our study are the thickness of the concentration boundary layer decreases with the increasing values of Schmidt number and if the values of Schmidt number increase, reaction rate parameter, wall concentration gradient (0) ? ? decreases.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 4 & 6 (IPv4 and IPv6)[ ]


IP protocol was first proposed in 1974 in a research paper by Vinton G . Cerf and Robert E. kahn . Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) which was developed almost three decades ago is the mostly prevalent protocol version in use today. However, due to the rapid and ubiquitous growth of internet and increase in number of connected devices we are facing a scenario where IPv4 address are essentially exhausted . The IPv4 extensions such as NAT, CIDR etc are merely limited short-term solution. Moreover the scalability and security features that are required by the modern Internet cannot be fully provided by IPv4. The long term solution of these problems is a step-by-step, phased but complete migration to IPv6. While IPv4 address space can hold billions of address, IPv6, which is the next version of the protocol, has provided trillions of addresses which are potentially inexhaustible.

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DETERMINATION OF PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF WHITE COWPEA BEANS (Vigna unguiculata) COLLECTED FROM MARKETS IN MINNA, NIGERIA[ ]


The proximate and mineral composition of white cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata) obtained from three different markets in Minna, Nigeria, was determined in this study. White cow pea beans were collected from three markets in Minna, using simple random sampling and analyzed for proximate and elementary composition by standard procedures. The beans samples from Maikunkele had the highest moisture (6.20±0.20), crude fiber (3.26± 0.52) and lipid content (4.21± 0.36).Carbohydrate content was found to have highest value in sample from Kure market (62.68± 0.58). The various samples were also found to be rich in mineral compositions. All the samples were observed to have high potassium content from the mineral analysis, with sample from Kure having the highest (741.15±0.99mg/100g). Calcium, sodium and iron were also present in appreciable quantity. Copper had the least elemental composition (0.91±0.36 to 1.02±0.43mg/100g) in all the samples. The results showed that there is a significant difference ( P> 0.05) in the proximate and mineral composition of some of the cowpea beans that are found in the markets studied. The white cowpea beans in Minna are highly nutritious, hence good for human and livestock consumption.

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Dynamic Job Shop Scheduling with Sequence Dependent Routes using PSO[ ]


Job shop scheduling (JSS) is a scheduling problem involves an assignment of a set of tasks to the machines in a predefined sequence on order to optimize one or more objectives considering job performances measures of the system. A job shop environment consists of ‘n’ job and each job has a given machine routine in which some machines can be missed and some can repeat. The JSS could be considered as a queuing system that consists of machines and jobs where each job requires a specified sequence (routing) on the machines and involves certain amount of processing time. In the dynamic JSSP, the problem size is not fixed. The jobs arrive randomly and addition of each job increases problem size exponentially. The optimal resource scheduling/re-scheduling for a mechanical manufacturing shop in reasonable computational times is achieved using PSO.

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Exploration on the effect of web2.0-embedded scaffoldings to conceptual consistency on force[ ]


There had been many studies about the multi-representational learning of students. These studies helped us understand how multiple representations can induce understanding on certain concepts to students. Some of these studies are focused on Physics, particularly on the concepts of force. Over the years, students’ understanding on force concepts was measured through tests such as the Force Concept Inventory. From this, Nieminen, Savinainen, and Viiri developed a new multiple-choice questionnaire which became known as the R-FCI or the Representational Variant of Force Concept Inventory. In this paper, the R-FCI is used to measure the consistency of the students on the force concepts. Lumping together in this study were ICT integration, scaffolding, student-centered mode of learning, and independent inquiry. Utilizing a modified quasi-experimental design, 3 comparable physics 1 classes were utilized. One class served as treatment (Xt), another as positive control (Xco+), and the last one as negative control (Xco-). Both Xt and Xco+received all the treatments from scaffolded lectures, hands-on investigation on DIY apparatus, group exploration on PhET simulations covering forces, and social interaction by online comment on submitted webquest activities. The Xco-however received only the usual classroom lecture mode and was not exposed to webquests and PhET simulations. These three classes took the R-FCI. Results showed that the study can only afford to conclude the significant effect of scaffoldings on raw scores. The scaffolded or treated classes, both Xt and Xco+, had no significant difference between them but had a significant difference with the unscaffolded or untreated class, Xco-.

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Implementation of Lean Six Sigma for Improving Supply Chain Processes in a Pharmaceutical Industry[ ]


Lean and Six Sigma are recent developments in continuous improvement methodology that have been popularized by several high-profile companies. The success and complementary nature of these methodologies has led to their combination into a single methodology, commonly called Lean Six Sigma or Lean Sigma. Alt-hough there is considerable literature available and many consultants involved with Lean Six Sigma, very little published research addresses the practical experiences of companies that have implemented Lean Six Sigma. The research questions for this research are what extent applying the lean six sigma concept in supply chain process will improve the physical and information flow of the raw materials and finished goods. And what ex-tent improving of the supply chain process by applying the lean six sigma concept will affect Delivery and speed, Quality, Flexibility, and Cost.

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MODELING MAINTENANCE PROCESS FOR AGING ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS IN NIGERIA[ ]


Nigeria is known to be a nation with a very erratic and epileptic power supply. It is a fact that the estimated power consumption in megawatts required by the nation is yet to be met by the generating units of the Utility Company (PHCN). However the available megawatts being generated is not well managed due to poor maintenance culture and planning of the aging substations that are meant to distribute the available power to the consumers. This paper uses Bath-up curve approach for studying and optimizing equipment maintenance for substations. The economic cost models based on semi-Markov decision process was developed to provide a probabilistic approach, for computing the expected cost of substation equipment maintenance. The model can be used for determining optimal maintenance policies at each deterioration stage. A well-planned and efficient power sub-station maintenance program is expensive; it requires shop facilities, skilled labour, keeping records, and stocking of replacement parts. However, the cost of downtime may amount to ten or more times the actual cost of repair, and possibly compromise security and the problem cascading into related systems. Therefore, to sustain power in Nigeria it is necessary to consider effective maintenance program of aging Nigeria power substations.

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Product Lifecycle Management and Sustainable Development in Nigerian Manufacturing Sector[ ]


The global society has undergone paradigm shift from environmental protection towards sustainability. The issue of sustainable development has not been fully integrated into Nigeria system; that is why we still witness indiscriminate dumping of recyclable end of life products on the road sides. This paper reviews product lifecycle management using plastics as a case; it also explores the roles of effective and efficient lifecycle engineering in supporting sustainable development in Nigeria, and strategies that can be adopted in achieving sustainable manufacturing in Nigerian manufacturing sector.

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