Volume 5, Issue 8, August 2014 Edition

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Effects of Fibre Treatment on the Properties of Sisal Fibre Reinforced Ternary Concrete[ ]


Most of the developing counties are very rich in agricultural and vegetable fibres. The use of vegetable fibres as reinforcing agent in composite matrices (such as cement and polymer) is attracting more attention for various low-cost building products. However, the main draw back in the use of vegetable fibres in composites is the lack of durability. In this work, sisal fibre treated by boiling and washing was used as the reinforcing agent in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. The cement-based matrix was modified by blending with fly ash (Fa) and calcined waste crushed clay bricks (CWCCB) as pozzolanas. Nine variations of the concrete specimens were prepared. Some specimens were blended with Fa and CWCCB and reinforced with 3% volume fraction of heat treated or untreated sisal fibres, while some specimens were not bended, but reinforced with either 3% volume fraction of heat treated or untreated sisal fibres. The mix ratio was 1:2:4 (one part binder, two parts fine aggregate and four parts coarse aggregate). The OPC was kept constant as 50% of the binders, while Fa and CWCCB were varied in the ratios; 20:30, 25:25 and 30:20 (Fa: CWCCB). The water/binder ratio was 0.6. Treatment of sisal fibres by boiling and washing improved the workability of concrete and enhanced the compressive strength of plain and ternary concrete. The ternary concrete with 25:25 (Fa: CWCCB) blend, reinforced with 3% volume fraction of heat treated sisal fibre gave the highest compressive strength.

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Network Intrusion Detection Using PSO Based on Adaptive Mutation and Genetic Algorithm[ ]


The Particle Swarm Optimization is very efficient in intrusion detection in the networks. However, many intrusion detection systems either fail to detect or falsely detect the intrusions. This paper proposes a technique for intrusion detection using Particle Swarm Optimization with Genetic Algorithm based feature selection and using Adaptive Mutation for slow convergence of optimization algorithm. The results thus obtained are approximately 92% that proves the proposed approach to be quite effective in intrusion detection.

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Synthesis and Biological Studies of Some Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium Organic Compounds Based on Diethanolamine[ ]


Several new and known bis(2-(arylchalcogeno)ethyl)amines (i.e. HN(CH2CH2EAr)2; where E= S, Se and Te, Ar = C6H5, 4-CH3C6H4, 4-CH3OC6H4, 4-CH3CH2OC6H4, 4-BrC6H4, 4-ClC6H4 and 4-PhC6H4) were prepared by the reaction of bis(chloroethyl)amine with lithium arylthiolate or with the corresponding sodium arylchalcogenate (generated in situ by borohydride reduction of R2Ee2; i.e. ArE-Na+; E= Se and Te). All compounds were obtained in good yield and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Antibacterial activity study of these compounds showed some promising activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli.

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Design and Performance Analysis of Multiplier using Wallace-Booth Algorithm[ ]


This paper presents the Radix-4 Booth Algorithm with 3:2 compressors, the Radix-8 Booth algorithm with 4:2 compressors and the Radix-8 Booth algorithm with Asynchronous counters. The design is structured for m × n multiplication where m and n can reach up to 126 bits. Carry Look ahead Adder is used as the final adder to enhance the speed of operation. Finally the performance improvement of multipliers is validated by implementing a higher order FIR filter. Adder structure with counters is faster compared to Wallace tree and requires fewer gates.

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Indexing Techniques for Pictorial Databases[ ]


The emerging field of CBIR (content-based image retrieval) has enjoyed great interest and enthusiasm by researchers in the last decade. Hence making way for a large number of new techniques’ systems and their associated fields. Following the same suit digital imagery has also expanded in all its dimensions. This paper focuses on explaining the significant influences on the progress of this field in the current decade. Multiple references have been deployed for this process. Some of the main challenges involved in building a useful system from existing image retrieval techniques is also discussed. The research paper is concluded by studying the trends in the research publications and the requirements for the future.

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Wireless Sensor Network Technology for Agricultural Development: Challenges and Chances in Bangladesh[ ]


Bangladesh is preponderantly an agricultural country. Agriculture is the most dominant sector in our country due to its greatest contribution in National GDP and providing employment for a large volume of peoples. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are network that consist of spatially distributed autonomous sensors which collaborate with each other to gather, process and communicate over wireless channel and co-operatively pass their data through the network to a main location (Base Station). Wireless Sensor Networks has become practical and real in developed countries by enormous research and advancement accomplished in Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) and Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology. These self-organizing, autonomous, highly robust and energy efficient networks can be excellent for monitoring different environmental phenomena. This paper represents an overview on Wireless Sensor Network, different application areas of WSN in agriculture and explores their prospect and challenges in agriculture in context of Bangladesh.

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Big Data and Predictive Healthcare[ ]


We live in an on-demand, on-command Digital universe with data proliferating by Institutions, Individuals and Machines at a very high rate. This data is categorized as "Big Data" due to its sheer Volume, Variety, Velocity and Veracity. Most of this data is unstructured, quasi structured or semi structured and it is heterogeneous in nature. Human body do generate lot of data which can be captured at regular intervals and when combined with other medical records (EHR) contribute to large volume and variety of data ( big data ).

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Application Of Lean Manufacturing To Achieve Higher Productivity In Precision Surface Equipment Industries[ ]


Lean manufacturing is now one of the most powerful manufacturing systems in the world. Numerous plants around the world have attempted to implement or adopt it to enhance their efficiency. Manufacturing organizations have adopted the concept of lean manufacturing in order to improve the quality of their products and reduce their wastes. This is done by ensuring that products are assessed or evaluated at each and every stage hence costs are reduced. However, little studies regarding lean manufacturing have been done in India small scale Industry especially in the Precision surface equipment industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the approach of adopting lean, the tools and techniques implemented, the changes in the organizations, the problems encountered as well as the lessons learnt. This is perhaps the first study that investigates the actual implementation of lean manufacturing in the Precision surface equipment industry. Our research on applicability of lean manufacturing helped the organization to visualize the different types of wastes generated in the organization and future possibilities of eliminating or reducing them. The research was administered with leading Precision surface equipment industry in India using secondary data and observations. The outcome of this observation reflected that an industry may gain higher productivity and profitability by proper application of lean manufacturing. A general overview over this development is given in this.

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Centralized Mobile Detection in Examination Hall Using Arduino Duemilanove (ATmega328)[ ]


There is great need to limit the use of cell phone at particular places and at particular times. Hence, the use of intelligent mobile phone detector is guaranteed. This work concentrates in designing a system that will dictate the presence of GSM signals from an unauthorized user in restricted areas which will in turn trigger another device to restrict the user from service. The system will be able to jam GSM frequency signal upon detection to prevent the transmitted signal from getting to the users cell phone.Paper is designed to detect the mobile phone in a closed room / place. Whereas this project is aimed to detect the mobile phone where the mobile communication is strictly prohibited like Examination Hall, Hospitals, places of important meeting. As presently we don’t have any technology that should detect the use mobile phones in restricted areas like examination hall instead of checking manually pockets of students before entering in Examination hall and there is chance of having the cell phone with the person if he is not checked properly, however it would be hectic and time consuming for large number of students. so to avoid this problem, an automatic detection of cell phone is introduced. We have a mobile jammers presently used to jam the whole network but in examination hall we have to exclude the faculty members present there and want to detect only cell phone of students. Keeping in view this project mainly focus on designing the mobile detection instrument particularly in examination hall where students misuse mobile phones by making hidden calls, internet connectivity, data transfer,SMS,incomming and outgoing calls etc.I am going to design the mobile detection instrument that automatically detects the activities cell phones in E-Hall and displays this information on GUI on remote computer (administrator) interfaced with mobile detector, like detection messages, Room no, location etc we can extend it as far as we wish, we can add new dimensions to this project, like excluding cell phones of faculty members, determining exact position of detection, calculating distance between position (detected) and detector, increasing range of detection and switching from one room to another on remote computer. Firstly i design the detector to detect presence of activated signal, then I design RF transmitter and receiver to interface this detector with remote computer using arduino Duemilanove (micro controller),then I program microcontroller and design motor control for detector so that it should rotate appropriately, then I design LDR module. I put detector in examination hall, in hall we also make use of LED and buzzer and simultaneously it displays messages to administrator during any malicious activity. The moment the detector detects RF transmission signal from an activated mobile phone, it starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks. The alarm continues until the signal transmission ceases, and simultaneously acknowledges system administrator at remote location

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Stability Analysis of a Transmission Model for Influenza Virus A H1N1[ ]


We study a non-linear mathematical model describing the transmission of Influenza virus A H1N1. The model is represented by a system of differential equations depending on parameters. Mathematical analysis shows that dynamics of the spread of the influenza virus is determined by the basic reproduction number R0. If R0 = 1, the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and if R0 > 1, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable under some conditions. Lyapunov functional approach is used for proving the global stability of equilibria. A numerical investigation is carried out to confirmthe analytical results.

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Effective Utilization of Available Water Resource by Following Proper Irrigation Practices in Sri Lanka[ ]


Sri Lanka is a pearl shaped island situated about 35 km. from the southern tip of India. It is exactly 880 km. north of equator and this land of 65,610 sq. km is only 435 km. long and 225 km. across it’s widest. Monsoon rains occurring during the two distinct periods from May to September namely the South-West Monsoon and from December to February the North-East Monsoon along with the convectional and depression rainfall during the inter monsoonal periods contribute to the annual precipitation. Sri Lanka is divided into 103 natural river basins, with catchment areas ranging from 10 to 10,500 sq. km. Sixteen of these rivers flow through the wet zone. The base flow of these perennial rivers of wet zone are very low and flood discharges are high. The streams in the dry zone have poor run-off and are generally not perennial. The annual precipitation is about 110,000 million cu. meters, the run-off being 47% of this. The wet zone contributes 40,000 million cu. meters of perception of which the run-off is 65%. The practice of irrigation in Sri Lanka has a tradition of over two thousand years, with the first earth dam believed to have been constructed in 504 BC. The earliest settlers from India in Sri Lanka possessed a knowledge of irrigation and rice cultivation, having presumably settled on the flat dry zone plains which were ideal for rice cultivation. This research article deals, how the water resource is effectively utilized by following systematic scientific and proper irrigation practices in Sri Lanka.

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Major Challenges of Voice Command Recognition Technique[ ]


Human listeners are capable of identifying a speaker, over the telephone or an entryway out of sight, by listening to the voice of the speaker. Achieving this intrinsic human specific capability is a major challenge for Voice Biometrics. Like human listeners, voice biometrics uses the features of a person’s voice to ascertain the speaker’s identity. The best-known commercialized form of voice biometrics is Speech Recognition System (SRS). Speech recognition is the computing task of validating a user's claimed identity using characteristics extracted from their voice. This paper gives a brief introduction of SRS describing how the technology works, and then discusses the general architecture of SRS, methodologies, merits of using this system, major technological perspective and appreciation of the fundamental progress of speech recognition. It gives an approach to the recognition of speech signal using frequency spectral information with Mel frequency for the improvement of speech feature representation in a HMM based recognition approach and also gives overview of techniques developed in each stage of speech recognition along with the current and future researches on the same. This paper describes the major challenges for SRS system which have been came across by users feedback and various researches which has to be resolved as soon as possible for better performance outcome.

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Dust-Ion-Acoustic Solitary Waves in unmagnetized four components Dusty Plasma with Vortex-Like Electron distribution[ ]


A rigorous theoretical investigation has been made on four components dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary waves (SWs) consisting Maxwelli-ans negative ions, vortex-like electrons, arbitrarily charged stationary dust particles and cold mobile inertial positive ions in an unmagnetized dusty electronegative plasma (DENP) system. The properties of small but finite amplitude DIASWs are studied by employing the reductive perturbation technique. It has been found that owing to the departure from the Maxwellian electron distribution to a vortex-like one, the dynamics of such DIASWs is governed by a modified Korteweg-de Vries (mK-dV) equation which admits solitary wave solution under certain conditions. The basic properties (speed, amplitude, width, etc.) of such DIASWs, which are found to be significantly modified by the effects of trapped electrons and arbitrarily charged stationary dust particles. The implications of our results to space and laboratory dusty electronegative plasmas are briefly discussed.

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Effect of Process Parameters on Surface Roughness of Laser Processed Inconel Superalloy[ ]


Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is an additive manufacturing technology that uses a high power laser to produce three dimensional parts by sintering metal powders spread on the substrate under protective inert gas environment. This paper focuses on direct metal laser sintering of Inconel-625 super alloy and its surface roughness studies. Inconel-625 material was sintered on steel substrate by varying the laser scan speed from 2.5 to 10 mm/s in steps of 2.5, hatch spacing from 0.2 to 0.4 mm in steps of 0.1, while laser power, hatch width and layer thickness were maintained constant at 240 W, 5 mm, 50 µm respectively with laser beam diameter of 0.4 mm. The build orientation during sintering was such that the axis of the cylindrical specimens was parallel to the build direction. Nitrogen atmosphere was maintained in the build chamber. The Surface roughness studies clearly reveal that with increase in laser scan speed and hatch spacing there was an increase in surface roughness of the sintered parts.

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Morphological Study of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. from Borno and Yobe States, Nigeria[ ]


Morphological and Reproductive characters of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. trees were assessed for variation. The morphological characters measured were: Tree Height (TH, m), Bark Thickness (BT, cm), Canopy Cover (CC, m) and Diameter at breast height (DBH, m). Pods and seeds parameters were measured as reproductive characters. These include: Pod length (PL, cm), Pod Width (PW, cm), Seed Diameter (SD, cm), Seed Thickness (ST, cm) and Seed Weight (SW, g). Gum yield (GY, g) was also assessed. The results show that morphological and reproductive characters observed differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the trees. Performance of trees from Yobe State is significantly higher than those from Borno for all the parameters measured which include; Tree Height (5.64m), Bark Thickness (0.53cm), Canopy Cover (7.01m), Diameter at breast height (8.210cm), Pod width (2.96cm), seed diameter (1.11cm), seed thickness (0.387cm) seed weight (24.10g) and gum yield (216.50g). The variation observed may provide bases for genetic improvement of this important multipurpose leguminous tree.

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Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Capabilities on Ontology Languages[ ]


The interchange of ontologies across the World Wide Web (WWW) and the cooperation among heterogeneous agents placed on it is the main reason for the development of a new set of ontology specification languages, based on new web standards such as XML or RDF. These languages (SHOE, XOL, RDF, OIL, etc) aim to represent the knowledge contained in an ontology in a simple and human-readable way, as well as allow for the interchange of ontologies across the web. In this paper, we establish a common framework to compare the expressiveness of “traditional” ontology languages (Ontolingua, OKBC, OCML, FLogic, LOOM) and “web-based” ontology languages. As a result of this study, we conclude that different needs in KR and reasoning may exist in the building of an ontology -based application, and these needs must be evaluated in order to choose the most suitable ontology language(s).

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Synthesis and Characterization of Ni0.7Mg0.3AlxFe2-xO4 Mixed Magnetic Oxides with Spinel Struture [ ]


The mixed magnetic materials (Ferrite) have been gaining importance in recent days especially in context of devices which can provide necessary infrastructure and flexibility for various human endeavrors. Materials are used in ultrasonic generators, modulators, phase-shifters and isolators, in memory recording devices for digital information etc. In present research work polycrystalline ferrite of composition Ni0.7Mg0.3AlXFe2-xO4 with x = 0.0 to 0.5 has been successfully synthesized by conventional standard Ceramic method. The synthesized samples were processed into homogeneous powder form. The single phase cubic spinel structures of the samples were confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns without any impurity peaks. Lattice constant is found to be decreasing with increase in Al3+ concentration in the composition (x). The X-ray density is found to be decreasing with increase of Al3+ concentration. The particle sizes lies between 300 0A to 450 0A. The porosity level is 0.20 to 0.30. The intensities of structure sensitive planes and ratios of intensities for selective places were used to propose the cation distribution. The infrared spectra of present series in range of 200 cm-1 to 800 cm-1 are taken. The IR spectra showed two absorption bands. The high frequency band v1 (500cm-1- 630 cm-1) which is assigned to octahedral complex in spinel and low frequency band v2 (390 cm-1 – 445cm-1). The force constants have been obtained from infrared abosrpation data and its variation with respect to interstitial distance has been discussed. The saturation magnetization with increase in Al3+ content in the composition is studied. Thermoelectric power study exhibits that both n-type and p-type of charge carriers are responsible for charge transport and the drift mobility causes the conduction.

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Multilevel Client/Server Peer-to-Peer Video Broadcasting System[ ]


Because of the high demands of video broadcasting systems and their applications that support different fields, these systems have to be modified to provide as maximum as possible services with high flexibility. The improvement can be relied on motion of the used cameras, increasing number of used hosts or using a tree of hosts. This paper presents the design and implementation of a proposed video broadcasting system. The proposed system makes to overcome the drawbacks of previous related systems to produce a system that includes: multi-sources (IP-cameras) via main-server to destinations/sources Clients/Services (CSs) which work as (middle-level), to clients (as final destination-level). This system built depending on client/server principles with peer-to-peer technology that provides bottleneck avoidance. The video signals captured by IP-cameras send to the main-server to be displayed and broadcasted to level-one (middle-level). These signals displayed again and rebroadcasted to level-two (final clients) and displayed there. The proposed system is friendly used with as maximum as possible of flexibility and full optional controlling to get complete features of the video broadcasting systems. Hence, this system enables the administrator to monitor the dataflow from main-server to CSs then to clients during the broadcasting. Also, the broadcasted video signals can be recorded, compressed and embedded with demand texts during the broadcasting process. The results are tested depending on different proposed scenarios, also tested using different distances between the source and destination parties. Adding to that, the obtained results are compared with Wireshark tools as additional evaluation test. The algorithms of this software application are designed and implemented by Visual C#.Net language with using Microsoft Framework.Net.

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Arduino Based Remote Controlling for Home: Power Saving, Security and Protection[ ]


The open-source hardware development platform Arduino has been growing in recent years. Nowadays, the Arduino platform became one of the important parts in remotely control and monitor of electrical devices (Home power saving) at home, office or company. Arduino platform has good specifications, cheap, easy to use and wide varieties of shields have been emerged with many different purposes such as; Ethernet and GSM support. This paper produces a proposed Arduino-microcontroller based system to remotely controls and monitors electrical devices and sensors as power saving and security/protection operations. With the help of the GSM network, a mobile can be used to control devices/sensors and getting alerts on robbery and burglary. This system provides decreasing of the power consumption and intrusion/alarm detections around the restricted premises. The proposed system consists of two sides; the Arduino Microcontroller (AM-side) and the Mobile Phone (MP-side). The MP-side acts as a recipient to get responses from the AM-side as well as a controller for sending commands. While AM-side, is responsible for reading/producing data-signals/control-signals from/to the devices/sensors. The Arduino Mega 2560 is used in this system as a microcontroller. The SIM900 GPRS/GSM module was used to communicate between the microcontroller unit and the mobile phone unit. The system could be installed at any place and could be controlled by any mobile phone supporting the SMS service. The system consists of four sensors, which are used as Fire detector, gas leak detector and motion detector.

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Study on design of Chair shaping based on Kansei engineering[ ]


As a necessity of daily life, furniture is going through a process of consumption transition from rational to emotional. This paper took contemporary-style chair for the study and put forward the framework of chair shaping design based on Kansei engineering of forward quantitative inference, explored the relationship between consumers' preferences and shaping elements. As a result, a mathematical model of chair shaping design based on sensibility intentions was constructed by using of the basic principles and methods of Kansei Engineering which provided a scientific guidance for design a chair to meet the emotional needs of consumers.

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A Novel Fuzzy-based Modeling for Route Safety Management of Hazardous Materials[ ]


The assessment of hazardous materials (HazMats) transport risk assumes a fundamental importance, especially in urban areas, in order to identify possible alternative routes and choose among these the route of minimum risk. It is necessary to appropriately integrate risk analysis with planning and transport management to prevent a potential danger being transformed into a real event. In this study a new application of integrated assessment model is established based on fuzzy mathematics and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The affected area was prioritized using HazMat-Risk Area Index (HazMatRAI) then developed on the basis of Fuzzy Logic. In this regard type of Membership Function will be categorized according to Fuzzy set method in order to match the existing criteria, both solid and abstract ones. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to establish weighing value obtained from such assessment. Implementation of study result has much effect towards the management of disaster for the local authority, including the planning for establishment of HazMat team. Result obtained from Fuzzy Set model is HazMat-Risk Area Index (HazMatRAI) which is used to identify value of such area. The fuzzy method is capable of reducing the noise of the data by extensive training, predicting the data (after learning), and handling non-linearity. The fuzzy logic is conceptually easy to understand, flexible, tolerant of imprecise data, able to model nonlinear functions of arbitrary complexity.

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Quantitative Risk Assessment for Industrial Units Storage of Hazardous Materials[ ]


It is necessary to appropriately integrate risk analysis with planning and transport management to prevent a potential danger being transformed into a real event. The aim of this study is to evaluate risks for workers, through a new approach that links the occupational safety health (OSH) and control of major accident Hazard (COMAH) risks, using quantitative assessment. The method has been tested at a chemical storage, in which COMAH legislation is enforced. Workers’ groups have been identified and discriminated. The individual job descriptions and the extension of the hazardous areas within the depot have been considered. In this study the values 100, 30 and 10 have been assumed to quantify the three consequence levels (lethality, irreversible, reversible effects) for a single worker. The value of every OSH risk is calculated according to values of probability and severity. In the presented case study, COMAH is relevant for 45% on the total risk. It has to be stressed that the clerks are unexpectedly, the workers’ group that gives the most contribution to the total risks. The main advantage is that COMAH risks are evaluated according to criteria used in the conventional assessment applied to the occupational field. The results are useful to improve many issues of the safety management, including training, information, personal protective equipment and inspections.

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High Dose Estrogen Therapy: A Novel Mechanism in Treating Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer[ ]


Triple negative breast cancer is a highly aggressive and invasive breast cancer that is difficult to diagnose and treat, since it lacks estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptors. To treat triple negative breast cancer as well as other forms of breast cancer, researchers are studying high dose estrogen therapy as a potential chemotherapeutic treatment. Clinical trials with high dose estrogen (E2) have shown that it has potential to become a treatment option. However, researchers are hesitant to use it, since its mechanism of action is unknown. The goal of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of high dose E2 therapy in reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer. In this study, the effect of high dose E2 therapy was studied in relation to PDIA3, a protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) whose primary function is to fold proteins. PDIA3 was inhibited by E2 (p<0.05), thus preventing the assembly and activation of downstream targets, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) (p<0.05), which is involved in inducing cellular proliferation and migration. Thus, a decrease in the activation of mTORC1 suggests the mechanism through which cell proliferation and migration was reduced (p<0.05). Furthermore, the inhibition of PDIA3 led to a significant increase in a build up of unfolded proteins (p<0.05), which traditionally reside in the lumen of the ER. As a result of increased cellular stress, especially ER stress, the cell was forced into apoptosis, leading to the significant activation of caspase-9 (p<0.05), which is a death enzyme involved in apoptosis induced through an intrinsic mechanism. These results provide support for high dose E2 therapy as a potential chemotherapeutic treatment as well as the importance of targeting PDIA3 in triple negative breast cancer cells.

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Design and Verification of Bridge between APB (AMBA) and Avalon Bus[ ]


To establish a communication between two different devices that are running on different frequencies with distinct protocols, we have to design a BRIDGE. This BRIDGE that acts as an interface to the both modules synchronizes their signals. The main aim is to design and thoroughly verify the bridge between two Protocols that are majorly used in the Real Time World. The protocols used here are APB (Advanced Peripheral Bus) defined in AMBA (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture) specifications developed by ARM, and AVALON Protocol developed by ALTERA.

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Development of Interference-Priority Response Technique in Cloud Environment for Resource Allocation[ ]


Dynamic services using the scalable and virtualized property over the network is provided in the cloud computing environment. The cloud computing does not effective in handling the normal resource allocation algorithms. The cloud computing schedulers make a decision on workflow allocation. Cloud always consumes a high communication cost than the known resource schedulers in large scale distributed environment. Allocation hypothesis in cloud computing have a lot of awareness with increasing popularity in this cloud. At present, resource allocation techniques of cloud computing are essentially focused on optimizing the primary physical resources. The resource allocation for the client requests is not satisfactory in the cloud applications. To allocate the resources in the cloud computing environment with lesser communication cost, Interference-Priority Responsive Resource Allocation (IPRRA) technique is presented in this paper. Interference introduced in IPRRA for allocating the resources to achieve the sub-optimization for the cloud computing interference problem. Priority is combined with the interference to reduce the communication cost by using the priority rule based heuristic form in IPRRA technique. IPRRA in cloud computing is a representation of a suitable, on-demand network access for the different collective pool of computing resources. The IPRRA is developed with any support of hardware for localization of the resource-constrained cloud environment. IPRRA technique achieves approximately 17 % improved resource allocation and also utilizes the system resource effectively without any expenditure. Simulation experiments conducted with various conditions for performing the resource allocation in cloud computing and evaluation is carried out in terms of resource allocation efficiency, scheduling time, resource utilization rate and communication cost.

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Seismic Behavior of Concrete Columns and Beams Reinforced with Interlocking Spirals[ ]


Columns of a rectangular cross-section with interlocking spirals are the latest development in bridge-building, where they are applied on piers of high earthquake-resistance requirements. This method can be applied also on soft stories of buildings, like pilotis. Flexural behavior of structural elements with interlocking spirals, but mainly their behavior due to shear, must be further investigated, both analytically and experimentally. This study refers to these problems, comprising an experimental and an analytical part. More precisely in the experimental part, the response of columns and beams with interlocking spirals is compared to the response of conventionally reinforced ones. Useful conclusions are drawn on the performance of these structural elements with the proposed reinforcement arrangement.

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A Practical Particle Swarm Optimized Sliding Mode Controller for an AC-DC Boost Converter[ ]


An effective technique for the control of non linear systems is the use of sliding mode controller. Sliding mode controller can be used for the improvement of static and dynamic performance of both linear and non-linear systems. This paper presents the designing and implementation of a sliding mode controller for an AC-DC boost converter. The sliding surface is designed according to the requirement of the considered system. The sliding surface parameters are optimized for improved performance using particle swarm optimization. This optimized sliding mode controller helps in getting the required output voltage and also yields good line and load regulation.

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EFFECTS OF BLANCHING AND STABILIZATION ON THE RHEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PRODUCTS FROM AFRICAN STAR APPLE (Chrysophyllum albidium) PEELS AND COTYLEDONS.[ ]


The focus of this work is fruit (Afrian star apple (Chrysophyllum albidium) peels and cotyledon) product formulation where understanding rheology is critical in optimizing product development efforts, processing (blanching and stabilization) methodology and final product quality. The peels and cotyledons were blanched at 1000C for 2, 4 and 6 mins, wet milled with water in 1: 1.5 ratio, sieved with muslin cloth to obtain the extracts which were pasteurized at 800C for 10mins and stabilized with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 (g/litre) concentrations of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and pectin each. A preliminary study was done on the African star apple (“udara”) peels and cotyledons by ranking to determine the best two stabilized samples from each of the three batches of 2, 4, and 6 mins blanched. Based on the overall acceptability of the panelists, six samples were selected for further study together with their respective controls making a total of twelve samples coded as follows: peel extract control samples A1, B1 and C1 of 2, 4 and 6 mins blanching respectively, cotyledon extract control samples A2, B2 and C2 of 2, 4 and 6mins blanching respectively, stabilized peel extract samples D1, E1 and F1 of 2, 4, and 6 mins blanching respectively, and stabilized cotyledon extract samples D2, E2 and F2 of 2, 4, and 6 mins blanching respectively. Blanching considerably reduced the viscosity while stabilization increased the viscosity. Rheological characterization of “udara” peel and cotyledon samples were found to be shear thinning – pseudoplastic behaviour of non-Newtonian fluid.

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Geotechnical Characteristics Of Quaternary Deposits South East Aswan City, Egypt.[ ]


This study describes geotechnical properties of the soil south east Aswan city. Laboratory tests were carried out to assess the physical and mechanical properties of the soils. Different types of soils were discovered by drilling six boreholes all over the studied zones including friable clays, laminated clay with remains of calcareous materials, clayey sand and well graded sand with gravel. The particle size distribution classified sand samples as clayey sand (SC) and well graded sand (SW). The investigated soil samples had slightly different specific gravity values ranged from 1.87 to 2.2 g/cm3. The unconfined compressive strength showed promising values in range of 1.86 - 22.1 Mpa. Shear characteristics of the fine grained soils (friable clay) possessed the lowest peak friction angle (17?) while the medium to coarse grained sands had the highest peak friction angle (25?). Clayey samples displayed moderate swelling pressure, in the vicinity of 16kg/cm2, pointing to posssibility of some problems during and after construction processes. The extracted water from soil under investigation exhibited not aggressive manner.

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Land Cover Change Detection in SAR Images Based on DWT Fusion and Contourlet Fusion[ ]


A change detection approach for SAR images based on contourlet image fusion and fuzzy clustering .In this method difference image is generated from log ratio and mean ratio images by image fusion technique. In order to restrain the background information and enhance the information of changed regions in the fused difference image, wavelet fusion rules and contourlet fusion rules based on an average operator and minimum local area energy are chosen to fuse the wavelet coefficients for a low-frequency band and a High-frequency band, respectively. A reformulated fuzzy local-information- means clustering algorithm is proposed for classifying changed and unchanged regions in the fused difference image. We have verified the goodness of the proposed fusion algorithm by well-known image fusion measures, entropy, area and also calculate the percentage correct classification. It was found that performance of proposed fusion method is better than wavelet transform.

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Problems of Equivalence Choices between Global English and Local Kurdish Languages[ ]


In this project I will seek to critically examine a number of ideological and cultural issues of difference and problems of using equivalence in both English and Kurdish languages in the field of translation. It will then a variety of theoretical models of translation have been argued to keep a balance between both languages. Regarding all the translation types and the strategies may provide the greatest help for both of the translators and the readership in terms of two basic aspects. Firstly, the translators can convey their message easily and perfectly. Secondly, to make the target message more sense by the readership, otherwise without the strategies and techniques it might be some terms or phrases or sentences would have stopped and failed the translators to translate them into any target language especially from English into Kurdish. But the translators should be aware how to use and adopt the strategies and techniques otherwise they may decrease fidelity of the message particularly the source one.

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Radiation measurement at X-ray room at different angles and distances at a hospital[ ]


Due to the short wavelength, X-rays carry high energy to cause ionisation. These radiations cause ionisation of different biological and non-biological molecules in our body and pose a health hazard.This study highlights both occupational exposure for medical staffs at the hospital and non occupational exposure for people visiting the radiological department of the hospital. A digital personal dosimeter (LUDLUM MODEL 25) was used for the measurement of radiation at different angles and distances. The observations highlighted increased exposure for public irrespective of the distance or angle of observation whereas for occupational personells, it lies reasonably below the ICRP recommendations.

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Simulink based Cooperative (Hard Decision Fusion Method) and Non-Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio using Energy Detection Technique[ ]


Resources such as the radio frequency spectrum is quite limited. Very often, this resource is not efficiently managed and the increased dependence on wireless devices in the modern era just adds to the problem. The concept of cognitive radio aims to overcome these problems by helping to achieve improved spectral management, utilization, and efficiency. One of the ways to improve the efficiency and utilization of an available frequency spectrum is to share it between the users. One of the most important step for spectrum sharing is spectrum sensing. Our research work has been concentrated upon the various spectrum sensing techniques, and in this paper, we have discussed about the Energy Detection Technique of Spectrum Sensing. We spoke about the basics of Cognitive Radio and implemented Simulink models for both Cooperative and Non-Cooperative spectrum sensing methods, and presented the achieved results. We have used the Hard Decision Fusion Method for Cooperative sensing. Also the merits and demerits of the Energy Detection technique has been mentioned. In this research paper all these things have been discussed.

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Sour Garcinia (Garcinia Gummigutta) as a Source of Biodiesel in India[ ]


The Garcinia gummigutta (commonly known as sour garcinia) trees are widely available and grow in tropical regions of Asia and Africa. The Garcinia trees are indigenous to India grow in deciduous and semi evergreen forests of southern Western Ghats of India. If the seeds fallen are collected and oil is extracted at village level expellers, few million tons of oil will be available for lighting lamps in rural area. In some countries, Garcinia oil is considered edible as it is used only for preparing ghee, but in our country it has been considered as non-edible oil. Growing Garcinia trees would also help in protecting the environment and benefit the farmers as well. It is the best substitute for diesel. Since these are spread over a large area, collection of seeds for Biodiesel manufacture is not viable. A compact plantation can support a Biodiesel plant. The oil has not yet found any significant commercial application as a fuel. But due to increase in awareness and growth in research in this area, the Garcinia can be developed as the alternative source of fuel by replacing diesel. In the present study attempt has been made to study the scope of Garcinia in India.

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