Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017 Edition


Publication for Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017.

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FPGA Implementation of Reconfigurable Processor for Image Processing[ ]


In this research paper I have proposed the method of FPGA implementation of reconfigurable processor for image processing application including morphology operations for medical, photoshop and satellite application purpose. Here reconfigurable processor is used for different image processing applications instead of application specific chips or ICs. Field Programmable Gate Array technology has become a suitable method for converting different ideas into reality that can be used for various image processing applications.In this project we are dealing with four applications like Median filter, Edge detection, Erosion and dilation.Here the digital image is taken as input image and we create header file of that with the help of Matlab. In MATLAB, input image is converted into grayscale image and pixel values are calculated. After that we are write C code for Median filter, Edge detection, Erosion, Dilation. We have used the Xilinx Platform Studio (XPS) for embedding c code and header file. For dumping code and pixel values into the FPGA kit we take the help of JTAG and RS232 cable.The purpose of JTAG is to send data parallely to XC3S200 IC. After processing, the processed data is sent back serially with the help of RS232. The primary idea of this project is to use reconfigurable processor for different image processing applications. Field Programmable Array Logic (FPGA) board and Spartan3EDK tool is used so as to increase the capacity and add efficiency.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN PRESERVED AND UNPRESERVED TIGER NUT JUICE USING TWO DIFFERENT SPECIES (YELLOW AND BROWN)[ ]


Studies on the preservation and proximate composition of tiger nut milk using two difference samples were carried out (Brown and Yellow) The aqueous extract of tiger nut was treated with ginger, pasteurized (800c for 5mins) and refrigerated (40c temperature) for 5 days, following which it was evaluated for its microbiological PH, proximate, mineral and sensory overall acceptability. The results obtained showed that there was a loss in nutrient content of the unpreserved tiger nut milk and subsequent increase in microbial count in the unpreserved Tiger nut milk, inadequate sterilization of utensils used also contributed to the presence of microbes.

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EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CASTOR SEED OIL[ ]


Extraction and characterization of castor seed, the seeds were prepared for use by removing the endocarp, sun-drying for seven days and milled to flour. A soxhlet extraction was used for the extraction of oil, using hexane as solvent. The oil was recovered by simple distillation of the solvent. The residual oil obtained was investigated for physiochemical parameters and fatty acid composition. The physical parameters were: moisture content, specific gravity, refractive index, fire point, flash point, smoke point, viscosity, pH. For chemical parameters, were: free fatty acid (oleic acid), acid value, saponification value and iodine value. The extraction yield makes the commercialization of the seed in Nigeria possible and profitable. Also, the result of the analysis confirms the oil to be of good quality and can find application in food industry as food additives as well as industrial purposes such as cosmetics, soaps, paint and even energy generation.

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Heavy metal analysis in Ziziphus nummularia leaf stem and fruit parts[ ]


The present study was aimed to investigate the heavy metal of the leaves, Bark and fruit of Ziziphus nummularia belonging to family Rhamnaceae. This medicinal plants from local area Dehradun India and discusses a possible correlation between their curative effects and their trace elements content. Further, a possible accumulation of adverse heavy metals could be excluded (Lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury) were determined using inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ICP-sector field-mass spectrometry (ICP-sf-MS) techniques. The results of the present study showed no heavy metal accumulation in the plants. Pb, Cd, As and Hg were found only in trace concentrations significantly below the global limits. This justifies its use in the traditional medicine for the treatment of different diseases such as ulcer, asthma, dysentery and fever.

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Study and identify the genetic factors that causing resistance against a group of antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical cases in Iraq[ ]


290samples at different areas of the human body were collected from patients (clinical cases) of Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital , the samples distributed as 123 male and 167 female. It was isolated group of bacteria included: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Klebsella pneumonia,Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp.it was isolated 278 isolation of bacterial included: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Klebsella pneumonia, Staphylococcus sp. , Enterococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp.

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Security Considerations for the Adoption of IoT in Nigeria[ ]


The Internet of Things has become a household name for future technology used to describe miniaturised and smart devices. It has gradually revolutionising the way in which enterprises manage andis inevitably transforming the way we do things on the internet. This progress comes with a price as most of these IoT devices present security challenges we must be ready to overcome in Nigeria. We present in the paper an overview of the security changelings faced in the adoption of IoT in Nigeria and proposed key areas on how they can be resolved.

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Analysis and Potential End-user Applications of Steam Distilled Essential Oils of Ocimum basilicum L. grown in Trinidad, West Indies[ ]


Steam distilled essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L. var Genovese, grown in the Maracas Valley, Trinidad, were obtained at different stages of plant maturity. The overall oil yields were measured together with the percentage compositions for seven components - a combination of both major and minor components. Maximum yields were obtained at the late flowering stage with the component compositions varying between stages. Based on these results, potential end-user applications were identified for essential oil obtained from each maturity stage. Following these investigations, natural air-drying studies were undertaken with flowering plants. Thus steam distilled essential oils were obtained from plants that were naturally air-dried for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Yields and compositions were less than those from freshly harvested material, demonstrating that some of the essential oils are evaporated off during the drying process. The overall and relative percentage compositions of these essential oils were then determined to assess their potential for consumer products.

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REMOTE ALERT SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICITY IN PLUG MAINS[ ]


The research was made to achieve an alert system for electricity status in mains. The status is sent through a wireless medium, and is done when voltage is Low, High or power goes off. The system uses a GSM module to send alert via Short Message Service (SMS), other devices like Arduino,measures the voltage from mains, and controls the electric status sent at a particular time by controlling the GSM module (M590); the relay, for selecting voltage source for the system; Mosfet for digital switching of the Arduino and GSM module, the DC battery for source when mains goes off; keypads to input MSISDN (Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number), Liquid crystal display to see numbers input, condition of the module and when number is saved. The alert is sent to a phone which has the saved MSISDN. The aim of the research is to design a Remote alert system for monitoring when electricity is in mains or not from any distance around the globe, which sends measured voltage from the mains too. It can be used anywhere we have electric power, but mostly where it is unstable.

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A Fingerprint & Pin Authentication to Enhance Security At The Automatic Teller Machines[ ]


The need of money can only be satisfied when you are carrying money with you. That also increases the risk of getting robbed. This research focuses on how to enhance security of transactions in Automatic Teller Machine system using a multi-factor authentication system (PIN and Fingerprint). This research proposed a highly secured Automatic Teller Machine banking system using an optimized Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. This research proposes two levels of security. Firstly we consider the security level at the client side by providing biometric authentication scheme along with a password of 4-digit long. Biometric authentication is achieved by considering the fingerprint image of the client. Secondly we ensure a secured communication link between the client machines to the bank server using an optimized energy efficient AES processor. The fingerprint image is the data for encryption process and 4-digit long password is the symmetric key for the encryption process. To get a low power consuming Automatic Teller Machine, an optimized AES algorithm is proposed in this research. In this system biometric and cryptography techniques are used together for personal identity authentication to improve the security level.

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Agile Model to Sustainable Design and Construction for Schools in Developing Countries[ ]


The main goal of this research is to progress approach to apply sustainable requirements to design criteria and construction phase of schools using an Agile model based on reference guide Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design version 4 for Building Design and Construction (LEEDV4 BD+C) requirements. The Agile model delivers the sequence for phases, steps and activities necessary to take a systems approach for the project. The Agile model depends on applying the most fundamental requirements, at first to attain the minimum sustainability requirements, then releases and delivers it, then starts a new iteration cycle of Agile to add another items and develops the existing design and construction by getting a feedback from school users. The proposed a model consists of seven iterations to achieve the (LEEDV4 BD+C) certification in the design and construction of schools to be sustainable the name of model is Agile Model and Integrated Sustainable Design and Construction of Schools (ASDCS).

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MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANGEMENT IN CITY MOTIHARI[ ]


Waste is a continually growing problem at global and regional as well as at local levels. Solid wastes arise from human and animal activities that are normally discarded as useless or unwanted. In other words, solid wastes may be defined as the organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society and which have lost their value to the first user. As the result of rapid increase in production and consumption, urban society rejects and generates solid material regularly which leads to considerable increase in the volume of waste generated from several sources such as, domestic wastes, commercial wastes, institutional wastes and industrial wastes of most diverse categories. Management of solid waste may be defined as that discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations. In its scope, solid waste management includes all administrative, financial, legal, planning, and engineering functions involved in the whole spectrum of solutions to problems of solid wastes thrust upon the community by its inhabitants. Solid wastes have the potential to pollute all the vital components of living environment (i.e., air, land and water) at local and at global levels. The problem is compounded by trends in consumption and production patterns and by continuing urbanization of the world. The problem is more acute in developing nations than in developed nations as the economic growth as well as urbanization is more rapid.

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Natural Food Preservation System as Allyl Isothiocyanate and Edible Brown Seaweed Laminaria japonica Against Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer[ ]


Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a major compound in mustard essential oil and found in some species of Brassicaceae. It is well-recognized antimicrobial agent against many foodborne pathogens. Its using as a natural preservative is limited by its high volatility, strong pungency, and poor water solubility. We demonstrate AITC antifungal activity against R. stolonifer and A. flavus which cause food spoilage. In agar diffusion disk assay, the inhibition zone diameter for A. flavus and R. stolonifer were 30.00 mm and 33.00 mm respectively at 20.26 mg/ml of AITC. The minimum inhibitory dosage (MID) for both fungi were 5 µL in disk volatilization assay. A new natural food preservative system by vapor and solution deposition methods into raw and de-oiled Laminaria japonica powder, an edible seaweed, we proved AITC vapor-phase activity against both fungi. Up to 97% colony deactivation occurred within 72 h for both R. stolonifer and A. flavus, both vapor- and solution-deposited were parallel in their decay behavior. The de-oiled L. japonica powder was adsorbed AITC twice that of the raw powder at 72 h approaching 99% theoretical maximum amount. The activity of AITC after contact proves that the L. japonica + AITC system would represent a viable natural system for food preservation.

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DEVELOPMENT OF A SPRING-LOADED CASSAVA DEWATERING PRESS[ ]


Cassava is a perishable commodity with a shelf life of less than 3 days after harvest. Processing provides a means of producing shelf stable products thereby reducing losses, adding value, reducing the bulk to be marketed and increasing the shelf life. To arrest its perishable nature, size and moisture reduction of the wholesome tuber is important to process it into stable commodities such as flour, garri, etc. Seventy percent (70%) of cassava processed as human food is garri (Oduro et. al., 2000). Its wide consumption is attributed to its relatively long shelf life and its easy preparation as a meal. It is the most consumed and traded of all food products made from cassava roots. Dewatering is an important process in the processing of fresh cassava to garri.Stones and log of wood has been in use locally which is laborious and time consuming. Mechanizing this process over the years has evolved with several dewatering machines designed and fabricated to ease the rigoursand time wastage associated with it.The dewatering press designed, fabricated and tested in this research has helical springs incorporated to its base upon which the bagged cassava mash to be dewatered sits. This allows better compaction pressure on it and aid the dewatering processing. During the preliminary test, a dewatering rate of 8.18 Kg/H, final moisture content of 21.09% and dewatering efficiency or water loss of 64.78% was achieved.

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A REVIEW ON PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF PROCESS INDUSTRIES BY LEAN MANUFACTURING TOOLS[ ]


As the world has moved closer to a global economy, competition between manufacturing companies has also become global. This increasingly competitive environment has led to intense study of the companies that are at the top in terms of competitive position. The concepts of lean thinking and lean manufacturing have been described. The concept of lean manufacturing was developed for maximizing the resource utilization through minimization of waste, later on lean was formulated in response to the fluctuating and competitive business environment. The contrast of the before and after the LP initiatives in determine managers potential benefits such as reduced production lead-time and lower work-in-process inventory. The paper seeks to syntheses the literature with an emphasis on identifying the scope for lean in process industry and associated benefits. The review also presents an analysis of the lean tools and techniques that have been applied or have potential application in the process industry and the challenges to implement lean. Also, how it can be a very useful in the productivity improvement by using the Lean tools. As Productivity improvement plays a major part in most of the manufacturing or process industries as it helps in either removing or minimizing the waste elimination.

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Analyzing the frequently viewed videos from a YouTube log dataset using Apache Hive[ ]


Opinion mining, which extracts meaningful opinion information from large amounts of social multimedia data, has recently arisen as a research area. In particular, opinion mining has been used to understand the true meaning and intent of social networking site users. It requires efficient techniques to collect a large amount of social multimedia data and extract meaningful information from them

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EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON WATER RESOURCES-FACTS AND FIGURES[ ]


Urban Areas are continually facing Problems of water scarcity and urban Flash Floods. Recent news from IPCC report 2010 , CIESIN's Global Rural Urban Mapping Project and World Water Vol7 2007, it is clear that urban land area has doubled and affected the Hydrological Cycle . The components of Hydrological cycle affected are Infiltration, Runoff and Evaporation and the causing components are derived by studies as Land Use Land Cover, Water Withdrawal and Urban Developments.

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Theoretical Analysis of Perturbed Geostationary Communication Satellite Orbit[ ]


Development and orbital analysis of nonlinear model of geostationary communication satellite is presented. Satellite stability in orbit is the most challenging aspect of satellite technology. Satellites generally have the required instrumentation to provide intercontinental communication services. The orbital aspect of geostationary satellite is critical since it directly affects the link characteristics and has a significant impact on satellite network design. The fact that many subtle effects perturb earth satellite orbits, invalidating the simple orbits predicted by two-body gravity equations has necessitate the need to study the orbital aspect of satellite communication. This work describes a set of second-order differential equations which constitute the nonlinear model of the satellite. The model is confirmed to be sufficiently representative of the satellite since it provides the potential for very intensive verification and understanding of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion that are also applicable to the motion of satellites around earth.

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Fair Resource Allocation using Volume-based Strategy on University Networks[ ]


This paper investigates the problem of the abuse user level and network congestion on university networks that caused by the existing of the heavy users. These user’s usage high bit rate applications like Peer-to-Peer (P2P), online internet gaming, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). This paper presents a bandwidth control mechanism based on volume control to specify a restriction for the links’ quotas for colleges, departments, labs, and users. To achieve fairness between user’s max-min fairness algorithms was used to allocate the bandwidth to different mentioned levels, the algorithm was written using MATLAB. By using the max-min fairness algorithm, the result shows that the abnormal use of the network resource can be reduced. Therefore, the fair utilization of the link at the all levels of the University can be applied.

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Target Image-Centroid Tracking and Fusion with UD Square-Root Information Filtering Algorithm[ ]


In this paper a new algorithm for image centroid tracking is proposed. It combines the merits of the factorised UD filtering (UDF) and square root information filtering (SRIF) algorithms for tracking as well as image-centroid fusion. Certain parametric studies and the performance metrics are evaluated for this centroid tracking-cum-fusion algorithm by utilizing synthetic images and implementation in MATLAB.

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Impacts of building designs on indoor air quality in developing countries: Review[ ]


The design, physical layout, mechanical systems, equipment and space usage are all essential elements that can affect indoor air quality (IAQ). The air distribution system requires particular attention, such as identifying ways of outdoor air gets in, filtering air and checking the circulation of air throughout the buildings. However, most of the buildings constructed in developing countries are based on the beauty (attraction) of design, cost feasibility, number of rooms to be rented, and others factors without giving attention to IAQ. This resulted in indoor air pollution, which results in increasing health problems, reducing productivity due to discomfort or increased absenteeism, creating negative publicity that could put rental properties at a competitive disadvantage, and opening potential liability problems. As a result, this review is needed to provide basic information about the Indoor Air Pollution that is related with outdoor air intake by opening windows and doors in mistaken direction and other problems related with the building design. The designers/contractors, owners, occupants, and any health related organizations and institutions can use this information as base line to keep indoor air quality of buildings and construction of new buildings.

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ZCP Platforms: Survey, Issues and Challenges[ ]


Zakat calculation platform (ZCP) is an emerging application to support Muslims in calculating their Zakat easily, quickly and accurately. Each of these ZCP platforms has distinct functions and limitations. Currently there is no specific research on analyzing the Zakat calculation requirements. For that, this paper emerged to propose some of the biggest challenges and issues of the existing ZCP platforms and opens up lots of future work to be undertaken in the aspect of ZCP modernization.

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Prospects and Utilization of Renewable Energy in Bangladesh: A Review Article[ ]


A majority of the people around the world are largely dependent upon fossil fuels like oil, natural gas, and coal on fulfilling their energy needs. It is necessary to find alternative energy sources as the fuels will be depleted within a certain period of time due to its limited reserve. Renewable energy is a sustainable energy source that will play a pivotal role in full filing the ever increasing energy demand. As it is clean energy and does not emit any hazardous gas or materials to the environment, it is likely to be the preferable energy source to provide energy and environmental security. Bangladesh is a developing country and it is facing difficulties in supplying energy to maintain its economic growth as well as sustainable development. Though Bangladesh has a very negligible carbon footprint, but it is one of the most vulnerable nations in the world for the effect of climate change. Renewable energy can be the only option which can reduce the associated risks. This review article studies different sources of renewable sources in Bangladesh and possibilities of contributing to meet the energy crisis. This study also provides a synopsis of present scenario and initiatives that are taken by different governmental and nongovernmental organizations to promote the generation and use of renewable energy.

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IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORKPLACE[ ]


Training: Training is giving to the employee for the specific purpose and task. Training is giving for the short period of time. It is an act to increase the skills and knowledge of the employee for the required purpose or task.

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Implementation of an Intelligent Agent for Web Page Personalization and Link Prediction[ ]


Due to the transformation from industrial age to knowledge era, the field of Web Personalization has increased exponentially. Web Personalization is relatively new and challenging field for web content delivery. Right from e-mail, e-trading, e-learning, buying and selling over internet, online shopping and internet forum to social networking based websites like facebook and twitter, all these sources of social networking site and the internet world use recommendation system for providing customized services to their loyal and authorized or registered users. People are being addicted to the usage of internet. The recommendation system learns from a customer’s behavior and recommends a product in which user may be interested. Web personalization and recommendation system plays a major role in building a long lasting relationship with loyal users of websites. Nowadays internet seems to be one of the basic needs of human being. Without a help system, the user may spend lots of time on the web finding the information they are interested in. The more people will use it, more the demand of web personalization and recommendation systems increases. Thus there is need to develop such an automated system which is more enhanced than the traditional web page personalization and link prediction system, which will work more efficiently and can able to find out which user is interested in what activity, thought, or interested categories and based on their behavior recommend the web pages relevant to the web users. The paper proposes an intelligent system for effective web page personalization and link prediction. The experiment indicates to provide better accuracy and reluctance to the web users.

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Development of an effective maintenance concept for enhancement of competitive advantage: a case study of East African Portland Cement Company[ ]


Due to global competition, many organizations are coming up with ways of sharpening their competitive edge. This has been achieved through cost leadership, differentiation of goods and services and lastly, through quick response to the needs of the customers. To respond to these market requirements, manufacturers are using high-tech equipment. They are also adopting new material control methods such as Just-In-Time philosophy. Set-up costs are also being minimized to a minimum. All these factors are shifting the focus to maintenance since unreliability and availability of manufacturing equipment will result in high maintenance costs, low profitability, low production and an increase in customer dissatisfaction. At East African Portland Cement Company, the raw mill plant has led to the above problems which in turn lead to negative feedbacks from the customers and as a result, there is need to develop a maintenance concept that will respond to the challenges mentioned above. Consequently, in this research an analysis of various the maintenance concepts were investigated.

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A proposed Model of Smartphone Energy-Aware for Mobile Learning[ ]


Mangaing energy efficiently is paramount in modern smartphones. The diverse range of wirless interfaces and sensors, and the increasing popularity of power-hungry applications that take advantage of these resources can reduce the battery life of mobile handhelds to few houtrs of operation. In this paper, we explore the problem of supporting efficient usage of smartphone battery for the mobile learning. We propose and implement hybrid online/offline model based architecture to extend the battery life of smartphone. Using knowledge of the relevance and current network/system condition, we present scheduling algorithms that determine which M-Learning contents are delivered to the devices. Our experimental results indicate the proposed model is energy efficient, which saves battery life of the mobile device by 28.6% for WiFi and 66.7% for 3G connections.

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Impacts of Political Instability on Garments Productions&Productivity: A Study on a group of Textile industries in Bangladesh[ ]


Political instability has always been a burning question for our country like Bangladesh. Neither Bangladesh nor the people have seen a political stable condition even after four decades of its independence. Like other sectors (agriculture, health etc) garments sector more specifically RMG sector is the worst victim of political instabilities. RMG sector is said to be the strongest root of the economy of Bangladesh contributing more than 13% of GDP and almost 80% in its foreign exchange. As said earlier, it is the worst victim, the main problems are order cancellation , price discounts , delayed shipment ,lead time increases , additional air shipment costs , transportation and most importantly efficiency and effectiveness of both organization and it’s workers and employees and so on. The most dangerous thing is that the buyers are shifting their orders to others countries like Vietnam, India etc. If this situation is continues for another 5 to 10 years, there’s a huge possibility of losing some foreign buyers forever. If this happens it will create a bigger threat to the economy of Bangladesh. However the situation should be improvised as early as possible. Though, the improvisation of the political instable conditions is a tough task, the government and the factories can seek alternatives. Some alternative ways have been implemented yet more works to done. Government interpretations have become a crying need to solve these issues in the RMG sector. More or less other steps should also be taken as early as possible.

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NIKHIL-ANKITA Theorem: Number cannot be certain it is always uncertain[ ]


By viewing the contents you agree to the Terms and Conditions. All punishments subject to jurisdiction at Ranchi 834001. All protocols are valid. Statement - A number should always be represented as: A+-Ni , where A is magnitude of real part, N is magnitude of imaginary part, i is the imaginary iota symbol. The angle Tan^-1(N/A) is calculated with sign to obtain phase. There is always a tendency towards the number 0 +- 0i i.e. neither leading nor lagging phase. It is not possible to convert all Imaginary part of a number into real number. A conversion always occurs between A to N vice versa i.e. N to A.

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Diagnosis of Brain Tumor through MRI Image Processing using Clustering with Bacterial Foraging Optimization Technique[ ]


MRI Imaging plays an important role in brain tumor for analysis, diagnosis and treatment planning. It is helpful for doctor to determine the previous steps of brain tumor. Because of the complex structure of the brain, detection of brain tumor using MRI images is difficult task. The automatic segmentation of brain tumor is still a challenging problem due to various type of tumor with different structure, shapes and size in morphological.

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Artificial Intelligence based Autonomous Robot[ ]


The aim of this project is to create a proof-of-concept model for an autonomy framework for robots using artificial intelligence. Reinforcement learning methods will be implemented by making use of models incorporating artificial neural networks. Conventionally, obstacle avoidance has been implemented using a procedural approach that makes use of predefined hard coded values; that are arrived at by means of trial and error. To eliminate the need for inaccurate and hard-to-determine fixed threshold values, we use Artificial Intelligence. Initially, there will be zero knowledge present, and unsupervised learning will be performed. The robot will be set to default to forward movement until it collides with an obstacle while maintaining a buffer of all sensor readings at all times. It then reads from the buffer every time a collision is made to learn the conditions at which collisions occur. The safe distance which was initialized to zero keeps getting incremented by the learning rate 'a'. Optimal path to avoid obstacle collision can be extrapolated by calculating the local maximum of the longest bitonic sub sequence in the array of distance readings taken in a sweep of the servo with the ultrasonic sensor mounted on top.

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AN OVERVIEW OF PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDING SYSTEMS[ ]


Pre-Engineered Building concept involves the steel building systems which are predesigned and prefabricated .The present construction methodology calls for the best aesthetic look, high quality & fast construction, cost effective & innovative touch. One has to think for alternative construction system like pre-engineered steel buildings. In recent years, the introduction of Pre Engineered Building (PEB) concept in the design of structures has helped in optimizing design. The adoptability of PEB in the place of Conventional Steel Building (CSB) design concept resulted in many advantages, including economy and easier fabrication. This review is focused on the obstructing issues in pre-engineered building technology by the new emerging companies in India and the critical success factors that are involved in these systems. Also, the contribution of pre-engineered building systems in India in the economic growth of country through various applications is stated briefly.

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Unique land Development process of Educational town, VallabhVidyanagar[ ]


The city is the most powerful factor in the development of human civilization. It is a dynamic counterpart to the conservative and static village. It can render a positive service to society, in spite of the evils and difficulty of the city life. It generates economic activities and growth potential even though economic development does not keep pace with urban development. Everywhere the urban population is growing and continues to mount because they are the beehives of development activities providing jobs to millions. Through this paper, one can get a different perspective of planning a rural area and development story of creating a “gold out of dust.”i.e conversion of rural land into well planned and developed educational hub. The technique of development can be termed as Land pooling and readjustment scheme.

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Architecture of Network Camera Photo Authentication Scheme using Steganography Approach[ ]


The aim of integrity protection process is not only to secure the send message, but also ensures that the original message is not modified during sending the message. In this paper, a novel proposed model is proposed to verify that the sent message was not modified. The proposed model starting with encrypting the original message and applying one of the hash functions on the message. The ciphered message, private key, and the output of hash function was reshaped to apply Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Zig-zag ordering, and Huffman coding to obtain a compressed text, this compressed text is then hidden in an image. The same steps with a reverse order are applied on the receiver to obtain the decrypted message and then apply the same hash function to verify that the message was not changed. Different experiments were conducted and the results demonstrated that the proposed model achieved high integrity protection.

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Generating Public Key from Fingerprint using Fuzzy Extractor[ ]


The biometric data is an excellent candidate for authentication and verification secure systems. Whoever, it is not uniformly distributed, nor it be reproduced precisely each time it is processed. This makes biometric data difficult to be used as a password or as a cryptography secret. In this paper, a method is presented to extract fingerprint features and generate a public key using the fuzzy extractor. The public key can be used as a key in a cryptographic application or as authentication or verification system. The experiment shows that %93.13 of success rate indicate the method is excellent to be used to generate the public key from the fingerprint.

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Rejuvenating the Vernacular Architecture of South India as the representative of Sustainable Architecture: a case study of Hubli, Karnataka[ ]


Every region has its unique identity with climate base responsive building designs and its knowledge in the form of Vernacular Architecture. It is the growing awareness of energy efficiency and sustainable architectural design, which pushes vernacular architecture to the forefront, to have a design which impacts or correlates with environmental issues of the region. Thus vernacular architecture provides a basic and a simple solution with regard to sustainability issues. That is why, sustainable architecture which features sustainability through environmental friendly resources like low energy techniques, and approaches that are integral to the form, orientation and materials obtained from local resources. This paper talks about one such vernacular settlement located in Hubli, Karnataka, achieving sustainability through planning, orientation, materials and architectural practices evolved from long time due to the socioeconomic, climatic and environmental factors of that place. The study of local vernacular architecture and lessons can be helpful to generate an approach towards the sustainable architecture, which the trained designers of modern era have mostly ignored.

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Different designs and parametric study of solar water distillation system[ ]


Solar desalination is one of the promising methods of harnessing the solar renewable energy for fulfilling potable water requirement for small communities where the natural fresh water supply is inadequate. This paper presents the literature review to categorize solar stills into six sorts based on the design guidelines and their parametric study. It presents designs and the studies carried out by various researchers to find out the effect of various design and operating parameter on the efficiency (out put) of distillation units suggested. Basin type solar still with simple symmetrical still, vertical basin with improved condensation, increased surface area and basin still with a built in sandy heat reservoir, weir type solar still with cascade and concave type have been enlisted as per studied by various researchers.

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Study of Gamma Radiation Attenuation and Build up through Aluminium, Graphite, Iron and Lead Absorbers[ ]


Gamma radiation attenuationoccurs when gamma-ray interacts with matter, losing its energy via photoelectric absorption, Compton scattering or Pair production. In this paper, we study the attenuation properties of aluminium, graphite, iron and lead blocks for collimated and un-collimated beams of gamma rays emitted from a cobalt-60 source,using Sodium Iodide Scintillation detector. For the collimated beam, the linear attenuation coefficients were found to be equal to 0.097 ± 0.010cm-1for graphite, 0.136 ± 0.010cm-1for aluminium, 0.387 ± 0.023cm-1 for Iron and 0.597± 0.045cm-1 for lead absorbers, showing that the gamma rays penetrate least in lead absorbers than the other absorbers.Using both collimated and un-collimated beams, the values of the build-up factorB for each absorber was found. The results demonstrate that Bdecreases linearly with increasing thickness of the absorber material.

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