Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2016 Edition


Publication for Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2016.

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Biochemical investigations and glyphosate detection in downer cow syndrome[ ]


A total of 258 dairy cows, 52 downer cows (fresh calving, resistant to therapies cows) and 206 apparently healthy cows at 14 dairy farms were investigated. Blood serum parameters as Aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine kinase CK), urea, creatine, cholesterol and the trace elements as manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed. Glyphosate was also tested in urine and feeds using ELISA. Downer cows had significantly higher CK (p < 0.0001), AST (p < 0.0003) and urea levels (p < 0.05) and significantly lower cholesterol (p < 0.0001) than healthy cows. The Co and Mn levels were generally too low in all animals based on reference standards. Downer cows excrete significantly less glyphosate in urine than their healthy comparisons which could be due to kidney damage. Significantly reduced cholesterol concentrations in the downer cows indicate that vitamin D3 is deficient and, with both Mn and Co deficiency, would negatively influence cellular immunity and increase the risk for rhabdomyolysis.

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EFFECT OF VARIOUS POLLINIZERS ON FRUIT SET AND SOME FRUIT PROPERTIES OF KORONAKI OLIVE CULTIVAR[ ]


The present investigation was conducted during two successive, (2014) and (2015) seasons, on Koronaki olive trees of about 15 years old. The trees have been grown in a private farm at Nasr-city, Cairo, Egypt. All the trees in this investigation were similar in growth, healthy, apparently free from disease and the trees were planted at 5x5 meters a part. All the trees received the recommended amount of fertilizers and Irrigation water and the soil at the experimental orchard was classified as sandy in texture.

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Supply Chain Operations Reference[ ]


This paper is focused towards the investigation of Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model. The paper investigated the importance of practical application of SCOR model in organizations. Different research works conducted in past relevant to SCOR model were also reviewed to formulate conclusion on the application and importance of SCOR model at the organizational level. As the study reviewed the literature related to SCOR model that is why the nature of the study is qualitative in nature. The study opted a simple methodology of reviewing the literature relevant to SCOR model to formulate conclusion of the study.

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Verilog Simulation of Multichannel NAND Flash Memory[ ]


The storage system based on flash has very high demand than magnetic disk drives. Basically flash is a Non-Volatile memory in which the memory can be erased and programmed electrically. Flash memory consumes less power and latency compared to magnetic disk drives which makes flash more attractive and popular. Flash memory consists of Read, Write and Erase operations. In flash memory writing is done in pages and erasing in blocks. The parallel controller functions as a multichannel controller which is validated in accordance to the workloads that are spread.In this paper we explain about the design of new flash controller and also the required control signals for flash operations where parallelism is exploited by use of multiple channels or multiple controllers for a single flash which reduces latency for read, write and erase operations.

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ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION AND FLOWS IN UPPER INDUS BASIN[ ]


Population of Pakistan increasing day by day but the storage of water is not enough to fulfill the any drought. Being an agricultural country with heavy population growth, there is a great stress on water resources to meet the food and fiber requirement for the people. The elevation of Upper Indus Basin (UIB) ranges from 254 m to 8570 m above mean sea level. All the minor and major river of Pakistan falls into Indus River at different locations. This study examines the climate change and related hydrological impacts resulting from altitudinal variability. Variability analysis in annual temperature, precipitation and stream flow has been made by and climate change has been predicted.

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EFFECTS OF VARIABLE VISCOSITY ON MIXED CONVECTION FLOW OVER A POROUS WEDGE IN THE PRESENCE OF CHEMICAL REACTION[ ]


We investigate the effects of variable viscosity and chemical reaction on mixed convection flow in a viscous fluid over a porous wedge. The governing boundary layer equations are resulted into dimensionless form using similarity transformation. The transformed second order equations are solved analytically. The effects of different parameters on the dimensionless concentration profiles are shown graphically.

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Effect of homogenizing and artificial aging treatment on electrical conductivity of the wire recycled from waste[ ]


The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of homogenization and artificial aging treatment at isothermal temperature (180 °C) for various periods of time (1,5,10,20,30 and 50 hr.) on electrical conductivity of as-cast (A-B-C ) alloys, where it has been exploited waste represented carbonated beverages cans and scrap electric wires damaged and recycled to obtain optimal alloy standard specifications and utilization in the manufacture of wire and used in power transmission lines, addition of boron (3%) in aluminum melts significantly decreases impurities (Ti , V and Zr) (as solute), boron can combine with even trace amounts of transition elements to form insoluble boride compounds thus lowering the transition metal impurity content in the metal , the borides can then be separated by precipitation, add boron leads to a significantly improvement in the electrical conductivity of the aluminum commercial, showed artificial aging treatment at a temperature (180 °C) improvement in electrical conductivity value of the alloy (C6) compared with the electrical conductivity of the alloy base (A), where the percentage of improvement in the electrical conductivity of the alloy (C6)at aging time(20hr.) is (56.8 %) compared with the electrical conductivity of the alloy base (A).Generally showed artificial aging treatment conducted at temperature (180 °C) for various periods of time improvement in the values of electrical conductivity of the alloys (A,B,C) compared with the values of the electrical conductivity of the alloy as is cast.

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INTERPRETATION OF BRONCHODILATOR RESPONSE FOR ASSESSMENT OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION[ ]


Improvement in lung function studies following bronchodilator inhalations leads to different pattern of response in ventilatory parameters which are helpful in categorizing these patients into groups for correct interpretation of bronchodilator response and assessment of prognosis of the disease.

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THE ROLE OF MATHEMATICS BACKGROUND IN THE PERFORMANCE OF BSCS STUDENTS IN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING SUBJECTS[ ]


Programming skill is considered as the key factor in pursuing Bachelor of Science in Computer Science. But how would we know that an incoming freshman could survive and even excel in the BSCS program? What are the factors to be considered based from the college admission test? Consequently, the study sought answer on the relationship between programming subjects and CAT mathematics scores, specifically: what is the Mathematics scores of BSCS students during the College Admission Test (CAT)?; what is the performance of BSCS students in programming subjects?; and is there a significant relationship between math and performance of students in programming subjects? Correlational or prospective research design was adapted to explore relationships to make predictions between math and computer programming performance of freshmen BSCS students of the College of Computer Science, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – South La Union Campus, Agoo, La Union. Thus, the performances of students in math and computer programming subjects are descriptively similar though math scores are slightly varied. Besides, the two variables are significantly correlated with ninety-nine percent level of confidence.

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Robust synchronization of chaotic systems with fractional order with adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control[ ]


In this paper, the issue of chaos control and synchronization problems of two systems of fractional order with adaptive fuzzy sliding model has been addressed. According to Lyapunov stability theory and sliding mode control law, control will be extracted for system synchronization. Then, control signal is generated and with the signal of sliding surface (S) and changes of sliding surface (dS/dt), it is selected as data of a fuzzy neural network. After creating fuzzy system, this control system was designed as controller. Finally, numerical simulation of synchronization of two chaotic systems with fractional order and the robustness of this controller against disturbance noise and uncertainty are shown.

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A Survey on Secured Communication with High Speed using Public Key Cryptography[ ]


Nowadays, the use of internet is emerging very fast across the world. The beauty of the internet also includes its concern over security. Security is the most challenging issue in the internet applications. The risk of obtaining data free from an attack is hardly difficult because of advanced technology of today's computers. The better solution is to offer the maximum protection against security threats and the data intruders. Cryptography is an effective, efficient and essential component for secure transmission of information by implementing security parameters such as Confidentiality, Authentication, Accountability and Accuracy. The view on security is remaining incomplete by the attacks of intruders. This survey presents a package of reviews taking various parameters that are having a greater influence towards secured communication through an insecured channel. Four key stages of public key algorithm are identified, namely, message encoding, key generation, encryption and decryption. The factors such as key length, cipher text type and length, block size of plain text, effectiveness and attacks are also to be considered for enhancement of security and speed. This paper presents a detailed study of Asymmetric encryption techniques with their advantages and limitations over each other. Hence, the working principles, features and issues are identified with respect to network communication speed and security enhancement.

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SOLUTION OF THE DIRAC EQUATION WITH MOBIUS SQUARE POTENTIAL PLUS RING SHAPED POTENTIAL UNDER THE FRAMEWORK OF SPIN SYMMETRY VIA SHAPE INVARIANCE[ ]


In this paper we investigate Dirac equation with spin symmetry for Mobius square potential plus ring–shaped potential under the framework of supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM). We construct symmetrical partner Hamiltonians which satisfy shape invariance and via a one–to–one mapping, the relativistic energy eigen value is obtained. We solve for the wave functions from the hypergeometric differential equations which are developed by transforming the radial and polar equations via SUSYQM.

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Impact of Properties of Thermochromic Pigments on Knitted Fabrics[ ]


Thermal dye is one of the important indicators when temperature is changed. It is used in medical, domestic and electronic applications. It indicates the change in chemical and thermal properties. In this work it is used to indicate the change in human body temperature where the change in temperature between (30 – 41 oC) is studied .The change in color begin to be clear at (30 oC). From this study it is clear that heat flux increased (81%) between printed and non-printed clothes which is due to the increase in heat transfer between body and the printed cloth. The temperature has been increased to the maximum level that the human body can reach and a gradual change in color is observed which allow the use of this dye on baby clothes to indicate the change in baby body temperature and monitoring his medical situation. An additional experiment has been made to explore the change in physical properties to the used clothe after the printing process such as air permeability which shows a clear reduction in this property on printed region comparing with the unprinted region, the reduction can reach (70%) in this property and in some type of printing the reduction can reach (100%) which give non permeable surface. Dye fitness can also be increased by using binders and thickeners and the reduction in dyes on the surface of cloth is reached (15%) after (100) washing cycle.

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Cloud Based Learning[ ]


Now Cloud is expanding its world at a tremendous rate whether it is in field of healthcare, telecommunications, or education. Everywhere cloud is benefiting the technology and the people. One of the key areas where large repository of resources is very much needed is education. E- Learning has come up with a new addition i.e. Cloud based Learning. This paper reviews about the education cloud, its layers and compares it with the traditional learning methodologies. Different cloud based learning management systems are also reviewed.

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Description of various Scheduling Techniques in Grid Computing Environment[ ]


Grid Computing is selection, sharing of wide range of heterogeneous resources for solving complex computations. Grid provides a parallel programming framework containing dynamic resources. Grid scheduling means allocation of jobs to resources present in infrastructure for faster execution. Grid scheduling algorithms have been a subject of powerful research over the last. However, evaluation and comparative analysis of these algorithms are often hard to perform. This is caused by many issues, like difficulties in acquire access to large scale IT infrastructure and lack of resource management facilities. Therefore, Grid scheduling algorithms have been often tested in simulation environments. This paper describes some existing scheduling algorithms for allocation of resources in grid computing environment.

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A Review of Energy Consumption on DTN Routing Protocols[ ]


DTN is net of similar nets. TCP/IP protocols and MANET networks are responsible for connecting the devices all over the world. The main assumption which has been considered in TCP/IP or MANET environment is that when sender or source sends the data to destination or end point it should be necessary that sender and receiver are connected, if there is no connection between the sender and receiver then the data will be lost at some point of the network. The DTN is interoperability of other nets by accepting long delays and distraction between the networks. The DTN is independent of end to end connectivity. DTN enables communication in mobile ad-hoc networks and in the challenged environment where the communication is not possible. Energy is very vital factor to deliver the message at the destination. Delivery of message depends upon the amount of energy whether it is low or high. There are various factors that facts the energy. In this paper comparison is made in DTN protocols like Epidemic, Prophet and Spray and Wait on the basis of energy. The factors which are considered for the energy are threshold value, Scan_energy, Response_energy, Transmit_energy, Base_energy, remaining energy.

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IMPACT OF TEACHER KNOWLEDGE ON STUEDENTS ACADEMICS[ ]


The present study primarily aimed to investigate the impact of teacher knowledge on student’s academic performance. In this regard, structured and pre-tested scale was designed by the researcher to include demographics, socio-economic aspects and set research objectives. The target populations were the students of sports sciences and physical education studying in different universities of Pakistan. The collected data then coded and feed in SPSS version 20. Regression as a Statistical tool was used for the analysis of collected data. After analysis, the researcher arrived at the conclusion that teacher knowledge significantly affects the academic success of the students.

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Evaluating the antimicrobial activity of nisin on the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in silver carp mince[ ]


Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen in food products that poses a great danger for the human food industry. This study was performed for evaluating the effect of the antimicrobial activity of nisin on the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria inoculated in silver carp mince. The effect of different concentrations of nisin at 0, 2.5, 3.5 and 5micrograms per gram on the growth behavior of the said bacterium was examined at 4°C for 21 days. The results showed that the growth of the bacteria at different concentrations of nisin in silver carp mince was inhibited and possessed significant statistical differences compared to the control treatment. Based on the findings of this research it can be said that nisin has strong bactericidal properties and is introduced as a natural food preservative instead of its chemical and industrial variations.

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Continued Implicit Relation and Common Fixed Point Theorems in Complex Valued Metric Space[ ]


In this paper we will prove some new common fixed point theorem s for generalized contractive maps in common valued metric space by using (E.A)and common property (E.A.)[1]satisfying an implicit relation which unify and generalize most of the existing relevant fixed point theorems using an implicit relation [2,8,9]

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Analysing the Attitudes of Students towards Research making; using Logistic Binary Regression Analysis[ ]


This paper presents a review that how the attitudes of Students towards making further research on what they are taught; through making findings and asking questions, in the Higher Level of Study contribute significantly to their Performance in the School. This attitude i.e. ‘’Students don’t do further research on what they are taught’’ which is the Dependent Variable in this study; influences the good or bad Performance of Students in their Academic pursuit. The foremost objective in the study of these attitudes is to enhance the major Characteristics/Features the Students are needed to assist or boost their performance in their Academic Pursuit.

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Evaluation of Stabilized Pavement Sections Using Finite Element Modeling[ ]


Soil stabilization is a techniques which used in strengthen and stability of subgrade pavement section. Traditional stabilizers as cement, lime, fly ash, rice hush ash and silica fume have been used in this technique. Recently, nanomaterials (NM) have a wide usage in civil works (soil stabilization). This paper presents a finite element (FE) modeling to evaluate the behavior of stabilized and non-stabilized pavement section subjected to various values of expected traffic loads ( static loadings). Two types of stabilizers have been evaluated; the first was the combination of lime (L) and silica fume (SF) as traditional stabilizers, while the second was the combination of L and nano silica (NS) as nano material stabilizers. Pavement responses (total stress and vertical surface displacement) were determined for stabilized and non-stabilized pavement sections with an incremental loading (50-700) Kpa. The results indicated that increasing the traffic loads, leads to increase the total stresses and vertical displacements. These responses have been decreased after stabilized subgrade layer with various thicknesses of stabilizations (20-50) cm. The results also showed that slightly improvement in pavement performance was recorded by exceeding the subgrade stabilized thickness of 30 cm.

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Explore the Pollution Load of Slaughterhouse Wastewater and Their Treatment Potential Using Biofilm Reactor[ ]


High-strength slaughterhouse process carries significant concentrations and wide variations of blood and organic pollutions which cause serious deterioration of the surrounding living environment and aquatic ecosystem. This experiment examined the operation of two reactors a novel acrylic fiber carrier with conventional activated sludge (AS+BF) and conventional activated sludge (AS) reactors. Slaughterhouse contains a large amount of blood and organic pollution, which causes contaminant loading. Therefore, the biological treatment might be effective option with success. Experiments were conducted with two 10 liter reactors were arranged as sequencing batch reactor (SBR) at room temperature (20–25°C) and pH 7.0±0.5. Performances of treated slaughterhouse from both the experiments were evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) in 5th days. The reactor with AS+BF is higher than AS treatment due to aerobic and anaerobic circumstance under AS with BF which occurred with parallel treatment while the aerobic condition is occurring with AS treatment. Bio-reactor is arranged with AS + BF efficiently removed BOD and COD from the slaughterhouse.

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Mobile Wallet service Utilisation in India : emperical analysis of user trust and acceptance factors[ ]


There is sea change in way the payments are made for transaction, from physical cash to payment through plastic cards and internet based payment and now through mobile-wallet .Till recently technology based e-payment were all through credit or debit card or internet based payment. However the era of payment through mobile-wallet with similar characteristics of physical cash has arrived in India.People are making payment for transaction for purchase of goods and service through mobile-wallet. Despite its number of advatages , the acceptance of mobile-wallet by the prospective user will depend on certain variable. Right now mobile wallet the future is promising and seductive, but uncertain. Previous researcher has established varaiables which determines use of e-banking , e-commerce, acceptance of software in workplace environment. This paper aims at studying some of the determinants as established in earlier researcher and makes attempt to find whether these variables also influence the use of mobile-wallet. Researcher after analysing the collected data through survey from sample population has emperically established that variables mainly awareness , relative advantage, trust and ease of use are detrminants that would decide whether one will use mobile-wallet as preferred method payment or not.

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Effect of Mg Doped ZnO Thin Film Develpoed by Electrodeposition Method[ ]


Zinc magnesium oxide (ZnMgO) is a ternary II-VI direct band gap semiconducting material whose band gap varies from 3 to 4 eV. The semiconducting material is used as the window material in photovoltaic solar cell. In this study, pure Mg-doped ZnO (ZnMgO) thin films were prepared by electrodeposition technique using AR grade MgCl2, sodium citrate and 30% hydrogen peroxide. The solid state properties and optical properties of the as deposited films were carried out by XRD, EDS, SEM, AFM, UV–visible spectrophotometer, and photoluminescence spectrophotometer. The diffraction peak observed at 2? = 36.15° with (101) plane indicate the crystalline hexagonal phase of ZnMgO film. Compositional analysis reveals the presence of Zn, Mg and O. The average crystalline size is observed to be 46 nm. The band gap and luminescence peak of the ZnMgO films are observed to be 3.27 eV and 372 nm respectively.

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A Survey of Response to Intervention (RTI) Instructional Strategies[ ]


This article provides a survey of various RTI instructional strategies that practitioners may use when dealing with students with specific needs. Practitioners need to facilitate learning to students with special needs as much as possible and RTI instructional strategies provide a very good alternative. Research has shown their effectiveness and positive impact on students. Looking the the different tiers, this article tries to present a simple and comprehensive of these RTI strategies.

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THERMO-HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF A GAS CONDENSATE PIPELINE FOR HYDRATE PREVENTION DURING STEADY STATE PRODUCTION[ ]


This work involves the application of HYSYS software as modeling tool to determine flow assurance of Gas condensate flow through pipeline (from offshore facility to onshore processing facility). Gas hydrates formation which serve as flow assurance problem has been considered. The results obtained have shown that 0.25ft (3in) of urethane foam was the optimum insulation thickness required to keep the fluid above the hydrate formation temperature. The safe margin was considered as 5 OF and the onshore pipeline does not require insulation. These results obtained have shown that both Pipe Segment Model and Aspen Hydraulics offer simulations for flow through pipelines, with variables including pressure drop, flow, pipe materials, heat transfer, flow correlations, altitude change, and many more.

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Risk Management[ ]


Risk management involves identifying potential events that pose threat to a firm’s cash flows. This also minimizes the likelihood of those events or minimizing their impact on the firm’s cash flows. The process of risk management includes firm-specific events like worker’s compensation claims, product recalls, loss from fire, flood or other emergencies, and other product liability claims. It is the process of identifying, measuring, and managing all types of risk exposures like interest rate, commodity, and currency risk exposures (Graham and Smart, 2011). In this report, we look into the different financial risk management tools: hedging, derivatives, and hybrid debt securities.

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EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PYRAMID WICK-TYPE SOLAR STILL[ ]


An attempt has been made to design, fabricate and analyze a new pyramid wick-type solar still. In the basin of the still, saline water storage tank with four tilted portions has been made and selectively coated jute wick painted black has been spread on the tilted portions. The efficiency of the still has been found by conducting experiments and measuring various temperature elements of the still, solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature. The productivity of the proposed still is compared with that of the pyramid basin type solar still and it has been found that, an increase of 17.68% distillate yield. The average efficiency of the still is found to be 50.25% and it can produce 4.820 l/m2day in the local climatic conditions of Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

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Variables affecting the rate of mixing in two tumbling mixers[ ]


Tumbling mixers are mild not aggressive equipment. They are preferable when different particle sizes and densities are to be mixed due to repeated reversal of direction of flow. Two of these tumbling mixers are the drum and cube mixers, they have their own characteristics and operate best at certain conditions, in most blending processes the two types of mixers are currently being widely used. Manufacturing a cubic mixer is much easier and less expensive than making a drum mixer, but it is difficult in cleaning due to presence of multiple corners. Drum mixer is more suitable for friable particles as it gives light movement but it has lower shear force. Based on that a comparison between these two mixers has been done to study the effect of three variables; speed of rotation, particle size, mixing ratio on the rate of mixing of solids. The results obtained revealed that utilizing a mixer of cubic shape improved the rate of mixing it reached to 1.5times more than that of drum mixer.

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Acoustical analysis and improvement - A case study of Asgar Ali Chowdhury Jame Moshjid, Halishahar, Chittagong[ ]


This paper investigates the acoustical characteristics of Asgar Ali Chowdhury Jame Moshjid which is situated at Halishahar, Chittagong. The acoustical characteristics of the mosque were analyzed by percentage of syllable articulation (PSA) test including reverberation time (RT). The results show the existing situation of acoustical requirements in terms of sound intelligibility and reverberation time. This Paper will draw a recommendation to solve the founded acoustical problem from the investigation.

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Optical properties of Zn1-xFexO nanoparticles[ ]


Zn1-xFexO (x=0,4,6,8,10) nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation technique at low temperature. X-ray diffraction confirms that the samples have a single-phase wurtzite structure which the bond lengths and the dislocation density increases with an increasing dopant concentration which attributed to the different ionic radii of Fe ions substituted in the ZnO lattice. Optical constant such as optical energy band gap Eg and the reflective index, and the dielectric constant have been determined. The direct optical band gap and the Urbach energy of the Zn1-xFexO NPs decreased with increasing Fe content. The refractive index, the lattice dielectric constant and the optical conductivity are increased with increasing Fe content.

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