Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2016 Edition


Publication for Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2016.

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Analytical study of Voltage and Current level changes in Video Signal on Image Statistics Parameters Measurement[ ]


Objective methods for assessing perceptual image quality traditionally attempted to quantify the visibility of differences between a distorted image and a reference image using a variety of known properties of the human visual system. Under the assumption that human visual perception is highly adapted for extracting structural information from a scene, which is used to analyse the image statistical data for quality assessment based on the degradation of structural information. As the specific example of this concept, To develop an IDL procedure and demonstrate its promise through a set of intuitive examples, as well as comparison with standard deviation , mean and variance values of consecutive video images which is extracted from sequences of video clippings.

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Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth and Threshold Stress Intensity Factors of Shibuilding Steel[ ]


Conjoint action of the cyclic load and corrosive chloride ions, present in seawater leads to complex corrosion fatigue phenomena of high strength steels used in ship building applications and has resulted into premature failure of marine structures. Hence, corrosion fatigue crack growth rate (CFCGR) measurements have been carried out for indigenously developed high strength shipbuilding steel using a 50 kN servo-hydraulic at four different frequencies and also with and without cathodic protection. Threshold stress intensity factor ranges (?K-threshold) have been found to decrease with frequency. Fractography revealed transgranular type of failure mode at 10 Hz in air and at 1 Hz in 3.5 wt% NaCl whereas at 0.1 Hz and 0.01 Hz in 3.5 wt% NaCl, intergranular failure mode was observed. Also the effect of cathodic protection by applying sacrificial anodes on ?K-threshold was studied at the frequency of 0.1 Hz in 3.5 wt% NaCl. It was found that ?K-threshold for cathodically protected sample was slightly higher as compared to that of unprotected sample. Fractography revealed less severe intergranular attack for cathodically protected sample as compared to that of unprotected sample. Also number of fatigue loading cycles for a given amount of crack growth was found to be increased by three times for cathodically protected sample as compared to that of unprotected sample thereby indicating enhanced residual life for the cathodically protected component.

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Effective Extraction of Small Data from Large Database by using Data mining Technique[ ]


The demand for extracting meaningful patterns in various applications is very necessary. Data mining is the process of automatically extracting meaningful patterns from usually very large quantities of seemingly unrelated data. When used in conjunction with the appropriate visualization tools, data mining allows the researcher to use highly advanced pattern-recognition skills and knowledge of molecular biology to determine which results warrant further study. Data mining is an automated means of reducing the complexity of data in large bioinformatics databases and of discovering meaningful, useful patterns and relationships in data. Data mining is one stage in an overall knowledge-discovery process. It is an iterative process in which preceding processes are modified to support new hypotheses suggested by the data. The process of data mining is concerned with extracting patterns from the data, typically using classification, regression, link analysis, and segmentation or deviation detection.

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Comprehensive Research Paper on the Global Impact of Information and Communication Technologies[ ]


Information and communication technologies are the revelation of this area. Most of people on earth have used at least one of those technologies directly or indirectly. In many developed countries, people could not have their daily work done in isolation of the technologies. Since the development of electronic computers in the 1950s, people have faced many changes at the microeconomic level and at the macroeconomic level. Students of history would realize technology has had many impacts and effects in people lives. This paper explores the global impact of information and communication technologies in many aspects economies, trade, governance, international trade, and managerial practices of organizations. In addition, the paper provides some recommendations and suggestions to government leaders on information and communications technologies strategy. Also, it provides some methods that could be used to improve the economic situation in countries by using information and communication technologies.

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Appraisal Of Esters Of Non-Edible Oils For Synthetic Mud Formulation[ ]


SBM is highly dispersible and biodegradable unlike WBM and OBM whose use somewhat endangers the biosphere. Oils from edible seeds have been a major source of SBM's base fluid (biodiesel). This threatens food's demand and supply as human population is not commensurate with investment or interest in agriculture. Edible oils are expensive to non-edible oils. This research is to appraise SBM from esters of non-edible oils.

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A Review of Threshold Based Clustering Technique on Different Optimization Function[ ]


Threshold based clustering technique is new generation of clustering technique. The threshold based clustering technique gives the principle of optimal cluster generation process. The optimal cluster generation process gives the feasible number of cluster during the generation of clustering technique. The concept of optimal clustering technique is a new area of pattern generation and analysis process. In this paper present the review of threshold based clustering technique used in different clustering domain such as hard clustering, soft clustering, hierarchical clustering and mountain clustering technique. For the selection of threshold function used various heuristic and meta-heuristic functions along with neural network. The family of heuristic function gives the verity of optimization algorithm. The neural network based threshold selection process gives optimization as well as error minimization during the cluster generation.

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Security Algorithms & its Comparative Study[ ]


There has been a substantial increase in the number of attacks like denial of service, buffer overflows, sniffer attacks and application-layer attacks in the last few years. Recent analysis on security incidents has demonstrated that no manual response to such attacks is feasible. Network security attacks aren’t theoretical concept that can be ignored and dealt with later. Firewalls do provide some protection but they do not provide full protection and need to be used along with Intrusion detection system (IDS). IDS allow network administrator to detect policy violations hence have become an efficient defense tool against network attacks. Nevertheless, traditional IDS are vulnerable to original and new malicious attacks and it is very inefficient to analyze from large volume of data like logs. Also, there are high false alarm rate, high false positives and negatives for the common data. Data mining is a popular and important method to mine useful information from large data volumes which are noisy, fuzzy, and random. Therefore, we need to integrate the data mining techniques into the Intrusion detection systems. IDS can be developed using various individual algorithms like neural networks, classification, clustering etc. which yields less false alarm rate and good detection rate. Compared to the single algorithm, cascading multiple algorithms gives much better performance and reduces false alarm rates. We are going to use two hybrid algorithms- C4.5 Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to develop IDS to achieve high accuracy and diminish any false alarm rate in this paper.

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Study of Grassmann Algebra with Differential Forms[ ]


The aim of this paper is devoted to the study of an exterior algebra (Grassmann Algebra) and briefly discusses differential forms. Using this we have developed some important theorems and propositions. Finally we also represent the integration of differential forms with the help of Grassmann algebra.

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Intangible Assets Other Than Goodwill[ ]


An entity from which future economic benefits can be derived is known as an asset. Intangible assets are those entities that have no physical existence such as goodwill, patents, copyrights, customer database, software, business plans etc. In order to account for the transactions related to these intangible assets in the company’s financial statements they take guidance from ASC 350 - Intangibles-Goodwill and others, IAS 36 – Impairment of Assets, and IAS 38 – Intangible assets. There are primarily two accounting systems to account for the transactions namely US GAAP and IFRS developed by Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) respectively. The two accounting systems are primarily different as US GAAP has a “rules –based approach” while IFRS has more of a “ principles – based approach” while setting the guidelines. As the world is rapidly converting into a global village, many companies have multi-national transactions.

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Evaluation of Online Retail Industry & Amazon Company[ ]


This paper led the researcher into believing that not only the Amazon or the online industry but any industry also faces the forces of bargaining power of customers and suppliers, the threat of new entrants, competitive rivalry within the industry and the threat of substitute products. This forces according to Michael Porter. In line with Amazon, the researcher learnt that indeed it is the largest company in the online industry that relies on the internet in selling its products and services. Moreover, the researcher learnt that in spite of the high growth of Amazon, the company is not able to sustain its net profits and is in a declining stage.

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An Efficient Image Steganography using Hybrid GA-PSO[ ]


Image Steganography is a technique of encrypting the images so that the hidden information can be made secure from unauthorized users. The Existing Genetic Algorithm based Image Steganography provides Zero Mean Square Error for Decrypting the Images, but degrade the Peak Signal to Noise ratio as well Perceptual Quality Measure of image. Hence a new and efficient technique is implemented here for the Optimization of Genetic Algorithm (GA) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The Proposed methodology improves the encryption ratio as well as also provides less Mean Square Error for Encryption and decryption and high Peak Signal to Noise Ratio.

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The long-run underperformance of IPOs[ ]


This research has been conducted to determine the long run performance of IPOs (Initial Public Offerings) listed in NYSE ( New York Stock Exchange). Three years data has been collected for assessment of IPOs, which were listed in between 1994 to 2005. The sample of 229 IPOs was taken. Two methods such as BHAR (Buy and Hold Abnormal Returns) and CAR (Cumulative Abnormal Returns) have been used to investigate the scenario. It is concluded by the study that IPOs performed poorly by the result of BHAR and CAR as 50% and 47% respectively. The NYSE All Share Index has been used as the threshold by the researchers. Different returns have been found due to fluctuations with the passage of time (Aggarwal, Leal, & Hernandez, 1993).

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND EXCHANGE RATES[ ]


The project is based on balance of payments and exchange rates. It will highlight the concept of balance of payments, the types of transaction of balance of payment, the legal authority of balance of payment, the sources from where the data related to the transaction is collected and the seasonal adjustment required in the balance of payment. Furthermore, it will explain the what does the balance of payment measure and the relationship between exchange rate and balance of payment will be explained in detail. The research will be bases on literature, data, econometrics and computers (Eviews programs).

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Climate Challenge and Third World Farmer[ ]


Third world farmer and climate challenge are serious online games that touch on very critical issues affecting us in the 21st century. Third world farmer touches on the issue of poverty in 3rd world African countries and the struggles families face while climate challenge touches on the issue of global warming and rising carbon emissions. And though these games are very exceptional they have a few short comings that I have mentioned and a few ways in which they can be solved.

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Corporate Ethics & Environmental Justice[ ]


Environmental justice is a concept that was aimed at making sure that all the people, notwithstanding their ethnic background, skin color, nationality of origin are provided with quality environmental protection. The main purpose of environmental justice it to address all the inequalities that are associated with environmental protection in the society. This includes making sure that, in the community, the minorities who are disadvantaged by environmental policies or actions are involved in making plans. All residents should be involved conclusively in reduction of impacts of environmental degradation, and there are regulations that are observed by all people to make sure that environmental protection is maintained.

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Fresh Water Production System Design for a 5000 Tonnes Offshore Work Barge[ ]


The need for fresh water production for the crew and running machinery on board an offshore structure has led to the need for the design of distillation plants. Firstly, the water requirements for the crew and running machinery were estimated and analyzed through the application of Classification Society Rule. Since the need to provide water (for 100 crew, 6 running machinery and other miscellaneous serviceses ) for the offshore vessel with a plant that will distill as much quantity of fresh water from brackish sea water with good quality is very vital, this research therefore looked at using mathematical models to design a distillation plant (Multistage Flash evaporator Plant). Since the design of the production plant is for the Niger Delta region of Nigeria in Africa, the total water consumption for the crew per day is estimated at 15,000 liters and that for the machinery and other uses are put at 120 liters. The design cost, material availability, maintainability, durability, production capacity, space occupied and other considerations made, has chosen the Multistage Flash Evaporator Plant to be the best option for greater capacity to produce as much quantity of fresh water needed on board with profit maximization for crew and machinery purposes. All designs were done in accordance with the rules of the classification society and a computer programming written for Multistage Flash evaporator.

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Influence of pretreatments and low temperature condition on postharvest quality characteristics and the shelf life extension of cashew apple with and without nut.[ ]


In the present study, an attempt was made to prolong the shelf life and to maintain the post-harvest quality of cashew apple with and without nut under the influence of surface coating with fruit hardening chemical agents and low temperature (LT) storage condition. Optimally matured (TSS 8-9 ºBrix) cashew apple (cv. Ullal-1) fruits with nuts and without nuts were water washed, sorted and graded for uniform size, colour, texture and hydro cooled in cold water for 10 minutes, followed by the post-harvest dip treatments(T1-untreated control, T2-3.0% calcium chloride, T3-4.5% calcium chloride and T4-1.5% calcium lactate)for 15 minutes. Both control and treated fruits were surface air dried, then packed into CFB boxes with proper cushioning and stored at low temperature(LT) condition(2+10C, 90-95% RH). Results indicated that response of cashew apple with nuts to T2-3.0% calcium chloride, T3-4.5% calcium chloride salts was remarkable, in terms of retention of most of the physico-chemical parameters as compared to cashew apple stored without nut. Among the fruit hardening pretreatments, 4.5% CaCl2 (T3) was most effective in extending shelf-life up to 18 days without fruit spoilage, with retention of colour, texture, fruit weight, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity, tannins content and other fruit quality attributes as against 12 days and 6 days in untreated control fruits stored at LT and at RT conditions respectively.

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Online handwriting recognition systems[ ]


Dramatic increase of computational devices has increased the use of input methods that are not natural to the human. There are many occasions where handwriting is preferred over making entries with a keyboard. On-line handwriting recognition is a trending and highly anticipated area of research where it comprises of natural textual inputs through handwriting rather than using a keyboard. These systems take inputs through the digitizer from the user and then process those data and convert them to characters which can be recognized by a computer. This paper focuses on the different systems that are present, their differences and issues that are related to them. It is concentrated on the general process of a handwriting recognition system and the processes that are incorporated in order to make the recognition more fast and accurate.

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Language and Heritage[ ]


The research will be focusing on Language culture and heritage. The "heritage language" (a concept used to referrer to first, native language of immigrant parents in a new immigration destination) is a case in point for what can be said deemed a language loss for second generation immigrants. The research will presents a study on Spanish adult language learners.

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Learning English as Lingua Franca[ ]


The research will be focusing on English as a lingua franca. It shows that English as a lingua franca is used as a way of human communication. Evidently, the role of English as a common language is relevant in the learning and teaching condition with its intercultural views. Moreover, the language and culture are interconnected to the awareness among the students with the engaging challenges.

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The Hospitals and Uninsured Patients[ ]


The need for medical treatment when health issues happen is important especially in the case of emergency, senior people, and children. However, it is difficult to decide whether hospitals should accept medical cases regardless of their ability to pay is good or bad. This is due to the fact that many hospitals are for profit organizations who seek to satisfy their shareholders’ need, which is making more revenues and generate a profit. As a result, the answer is not simply a yes or no response, without taking all the elements into consideration. People should have access to medical care while companies want to guarantee that they sustain their profitability to stay in business. Thus, the government should play a major role to control the situation, and ensure that hospitals and patients get their rights without having to hurt each other.

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Employees and Workplace Participation[ ]


The concept of workplace participation or participative management means that companies encourage their employees to participate in the decision-making process. These companies realize that the employees are the facilitators who deal directly with the customers and fulfill their needs. This concept has been adopted by many organizations that encourage innovative ideas, thoughts, and opinions of their employees. Although there are many advantages to applying workplace participation in a company, there are some drawbacks and limitations to participative management because companies have different cultures and abilities.

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Companies and Social Responsibility Programs[ ]


While many corporations have already voluntary sustainability programs, governments should make laws and set guidelines to put sustainability programs at the top of their priorities. The sustainability programs and policies issued in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Mexico and Canada exemplify some of the advantages and of sustainability programs in general. It also explains why some companies refuse to participate in CSR programs.

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General Factors in Acquisition of a Second Language[ ]


This research paper focuses on the factors that influence the acquisition of a second language. The research shows that motivation, self-esteem as well as age are the main factors that influence the second language acquisition.

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Language Shift and Language Maintenance[ ]


This research paper focuses on Language Shift. the study of the language shift and maintenance focus on the relationship between change or stability regarding habitual language utilization. The language shift and maintenance are necessarily be understood by an individual and the society because through communication behavior, a language will be maintained or vanished in a family and the society as a whole..

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Data Base Management System[ ]


Although the information that are being stored in databases may provide the organization the ability to do various things that would be considered as well as impossible, database management system has the capability and the capacity to do and make the data available to end users and allow them to process and access which can be used in their business applications. Therefore, we can perceive how database management system can be highly regarded as what this paper would tend to do – to showcase DBMS, its functions and advantages in using it.

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Conferencing Software and Social Media[ ]


There is a tendency to associate social networking with Facebook, most likely seeing that it's the largest and most general online social media network, and on account that of the movie called the social network. This essay expands the dimensions of that belief a little to exhibit how the online social media networks are part of social networking, however that they in themselves don't signify social networking. An easy analogy could also be saying how talking isn’t outlined by way of a cellphone or mobile phone community.

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Differences among the three views of Organizational Conflict[ ]


An organization comprises of different individuals, teams, and groups. Every person has a different personality, opinion, values, perceptions, and views. Organizational conflict is a result different opinion, views, and values. Organizational conflict does not necessarily mean violence and fights. Conflict is part of organization. Organizational conflict is present everywhere, from top-level management to small informal business. This article addresses the differences between the three views on organizational conflicts.

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Educating with Video[ ]


With the passage of time, the education system has gone through lot of structure changes. It is important for the people who are imparting education has to ensure that they take into account the underlying changes that have happened as fa§r as the educational system is concerned. The computers, tablets and other hand held devices that are important in that regard as they allow the educators to impact the education in the right manner. The usage of the technology is also important due to the fact that the educators can make students acquainted with the new technology with the usage of technology.

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ITunes U[ ]


ITunes U is a complete free medium offered by Apple iTunes App which use it in Universities and Colleges. They also offer some courses at no charge to all those students who want to take them. It help students to provide the references through ease. There is also a new section of “ITunes U” that focuses on online education at universities and colleges as application for communication between students and teachers. Currently, over 800 universities and colleges around the world provide content to iTunes U for their students (apple.com, 2015).

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Student Response System[ ]


Student response system is an application of modern time which are aimed and purpose to develop and assist the coordination between teacher and students in the class. The device is one of the modern inventions which have greatly changed the dynamics of class rooms. The device has provided different applications which are aimed to fulfil specific purposes in the classrooms. The basic application work from two way communication ends. On one side the teacher or the first communication develop or request for an information with specific option available to perform the functions. On the other hand, the students or responsive ends respond with their approach and what they feel the best possible reply (Carroll, Rodgers, Sankupellay, Newcomb, & Cook, 2014).

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Distinguishing Power from Leadership[ ]


This paper looks at five published articles that account for results from an investigation carried out about the definition of power and how it differs from leadership. The articles touch on different aspects of power and leadership. Bolden, for instance, tackles the aspect of distributed leadership and further notes that leadership can be distributed, but power cannot. On the other hand, Krause opines that there are various bases of power and a leader uses his/her position to extract the required action from juniors to achieve a certain objective. Further, Lunenberg puts forward the scrutiny that power is interconnected to how one is able to put forth control. He argues that leadership and power are inextricable and vital towards attaining an indispensable outcome. Finally, Shuh et al. observe that leaders encompass different motivations in how much they want to put forth authority. Concisely, these articles suggest that all aspects of power and leadership should be studied in order to fully understand their definitions, the relationship between them, and how they differ.

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Equity Theory and Its Effect on Performance Outcome[ ]


This study examines the concept of equity theory, its intention, and core hypothesis. I will follow a line of investigation on equity theory in regard to its fundamental importance to organizations since it is assumed to be one of the essential and most graded significant motivators. Al-Zawahreh and Al-Madi observed that equity theory is gaining deserved popularity in the human resource departments as it ensures fair results for both the employer and the employee. The scholars also conduct a survey to determine why organization-based leaders and the human resource departments need to pay close attention to this theory. The research problem is establish the link between equity and performance. Bell observes that organizational equity theory is predicated on the assumption that an employee is perceived to be paid equally for work done when compared to those in similar categories, as well as treated equally in terms of other benefits”. In the same way, the model of equity is reckoned in relationship marketing as noted by Ashley, Noble, Donthu, and Lemon. Finally, according to Hofmans, perceptions of inequities lead to stress; the higher the feeling of inequity, the greater the level of stress is. Therefore, this study will grant human resource departments expansive indulgent on the value of equity in running the organization effectively. It is evident that equity is a major factor in performance, and thus, it should be prioritized.

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Ethical Issues at the Workplace[ ]


The rationale of this paper is to examine the establishment of an ethical culture in an organization. Ethical leaders are often willing to take responsibility for their deficiencies and paybacks of the choices they make in the business. To overcome unethical practices in the workplace, the notion of doing what is right ought to be embraced. In addition, changing from unethical to ethical practice in an organization requires a revolution. Being an agent of transformation is the responsibility of every employee and not just the leaders. Equally, discussing ethics should be a regular topic among employees, and each person should be treated fairly and rewarded appropriately when necessary. Ethical leaders set high ethical standards and act in accordance with them. Leaders influence ethical values of the association through their conduct, serve as role models for their followers, and show them the behavioral boundaries set within an organization.

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Organizational Culture in Organizations[ ]


This paper presents a scrutiny of how culture should be defined and analyzed. It defines and determines organizational culture and its effect on the organizational output. The study exhibits the significance of the responsibility of organizational leaders is and scrutinizes diverse concepts of an organization’s culture. It establishes that organizational culture has a profound impact on the diversity of an organization’s procedures, staff, and output through an extensive review of relevant literature. The paper, in addition, describes the diverse proportions and dimensions of culture, and subsequently, draws the assertion that the personality of the Chief Executive Officer shapes the organizational culture. Research shows that if employees are dedicated and embrace healthy and productive customs and values, they can enhance productivity and attain the enterprise’s goals, objectives, and aspirations with relative ease.

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Theory and Practice in Language Teaching[ ]


This research paper focuses on Theory and Practice in Language Teaching. The research paper shows the main theories that include Be-haviourism, Innatism, and Interactionism. In some way, teachers will apply some of these theories into language classroom.

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Language Death and Language Acquisition[ ]


This research paper focuses on Language Death and Language Acquisition. The research paper shows the broad definition of language death and how motivation plays an important role in acquiring the language. .

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The portrayal of Women and Gender Roles in Films[ ]


This paper is about the The portrayal of Women and Gender Roles in Films. This study sheds light on how partic-ular themes in movies can be interpreted, and how these movies influence how people view themselves in terms of their gender. It also suggests how people behave in light with their gender.

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