Volume 6, Issue 4, April 2015 Edition

Publication for Volume 6, Issue 4, April 2015.

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Characterization of Human Affective States Using Multichannel Multiscale Entropy (MMSE) Analysis Method[ ]


This work is based on the recently introduced multivariate multiscale entropy (MMSE) analysis method. In this article, MMSE analysis method is applied on a multimodal dataset provided by Sander Koelstra et al. for analyzing emotions from physiological signals in order to characterize human affective states. The multimodal dataset contains electroencephalogram (EEG) and peripheral physiological signals recorded from 32 participants while the participants were watching 40 selected music videos of one minute duration. Each participant rated their emotional response to 40 music videos along the scales of valence, arousal, dominance and liking. The MMSE analysis curve obtained using this multimodal dataset shows differences in terms of complexity among different affective states, which can be used for emotion detection and classification for machine vision applications.

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ECG TELEMETRY SYSTEM BASED ON ZigBee[ ]


Cardiovascular diseases are nothing but the diseases that involve heart and blood vessels or both. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the current scenario across the world. According to World Bank the deaths due to cardiovascular diseases have been increased at a faster rate in developed as well as developing countries. One of the most useful methods for the detection and further treatment of the cardiovascular diseases is the ECG system. This paper describes the ECG telemetry system based on ZigBee protocol used for wireless transmission. This system can help the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases during emergency. In this system we have obtained ECG signal from electrodes placed on the limbs of the patient, the signal is filtered by analog filter system and then it is digitized using on-chip ADC of microcontroller. The digital output from the microcontroller is then fed to ZigBee module. The signal is then transmitted via the ZigBee transmitter receiver which can be displayed on computer and utilized by the doctor for diagnosis of patient.

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Comparison study of the Effects of Bleaching and Enzyme Concentration on the Physical and Mechanical Properties for Denim wash[ ]


As vintage denim look is the attraction to the present fashionable young generation, different types of chemical finishing is done to meet this demand. For getting various faded effect, different concentration of enzyme and bleaching powder is applied and so the physical and mechanical properties of denim apparel is changed. In this research work, modification of denim apparel due to applying different concentration of bleaching powder and enzymes has been observed. For the experiment Indigo dyed cotton denim apparels were chosen and processed by enzyme with the concentration of 0.5% to 3.5%, temperature 55oC. In another work, for same fabric construction, bleaching powder is used with the concentration of 5.0g/L up to 15.0g/l (owl) with 30% pumic stone (owg) at temperature 40oC and pH 10.5 for 20min.The effect on the properties like tensile strength, elongation at break, weight loss, stiffness and shade loss were examined and compared.

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Hybrid Ontological Approach for Real Time Composite User Activity Recognition and Detection[ ]


Human activity recognition is an important parameter in the wide range of applications. To recognize the composite activities in the real and complex environments becomes difficult as monitoring the activities of multiple users cannot be done efficiently using conventional methods. The conventional methods mainly consist of knowledge driven and data driven approaches. In this paper a model for recognition of activities is proposed to detect the abnormal activities of the user. The model works in two modes i.e. learning mode and run mode. Initially, the model works on learning mode to get the sequence of activities and the detection of abnormal activities using hybrid ontological approach is done in the run mode. The simulation of this technique is presented and corresponding results are obtained to get the recognized activities. Thus, this paper calculates temporal relations between the series of actions termed into activity and later monitors this data with the real time data in the run mode.

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Hybrid Approach Based Smart Antenna System for Increasing the Accuracy of Multiple User Indoor Localization[ ]


GPS is commonly used for navigation. Location estimation in indoor environment is not possible using GPS because GPS signals cannot work in indoor environment. There is a huge impact of multipath parameters like shadowing, reflection, refraction, diffraction phenomena in indoor localization which which leads to inaccurate localization and have an impact on the position estimation. Different methods available for localization are: TDOA, TOA, AOA, Location Finger Printing, GPS and RSSI. In all these approaches that are being considered the localization depends either on distance or on angle or on time only. In this paper a hybrid approach which is combination of RSSI and AOA is used to estimate the location of user in indoor environment using smart antenna system. This system combines the results obtained for AOA and RSSI to estimate the location of users. In, this technique the mode of the RSSI value is calculated and beamscan algorithm is used to know the location of the user. The results of this technique are tested and calculated with the help of hardware in indoor environment. Thus, this paper calculates the location of multiple users and also helps them in navigating in indoor environment.

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Design and Verification of Efficient Majority Logic Fault Detection and Correction for Memory Applications[ ]


Memory is important for storing data and also to retrieve data in any digital circuit but the main problem is SEUs (Single Event Upsets). SEUs are the bigger concerns for memory applications as it alters the normal working of digital circuits and gives an error. This paper presents a fault detection and correction method which reduces access time when there is no error while reading data for difference-set cyclic codes with majority logic decoding as it can be applied to correct a large number of errors.

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Robotic Configuration for Paralyzed Swing Leg with Effort Minimization of Stance Hip Torques and Bounded Stance Hip Orientation[ ]


This research work was aimed at an alternate approach for walking and training the paralyzed leg with a robot attached to the pelvis. The dynamic properties considered in this work were mass, center of gravity, moments of inertia of each link and the friction at each joint. The least square method was employed to identify the dynamic properties after exciting the robot and collecting the data of joint positions, velocities, accelerations and applied forces. A robot attached to the pelvis was employed to control the stepping motion of a paralyzed person suspended on a treadmill. In this configuration the large swivel motion was eliminated. A reasonable swing motion was achieved by limiting excessive hip swivel. This robot configuration would need large amount of effort to shift the stance hip to complete a gait.

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Characterization of Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of (Nylon 6 + Graphite + Teflon) Nano Particulate Composite: Application Perspective[ ]


At higher content of graphite the strength of composite has been found reduced because of its highly porous structure and high surface area. The flexural strength has been observed to be sensitive to flaws or defects. An increase in flexural strength on account of increasing teflon has been attributed to its dimensional stability. The introduction of graphite has increased the storage modulus of the composites. The anisotropic nature of graphite was the result of the two types of bonding actions in different crystallographic directions. The ability of graphite to form a solid film lubricant has been attributed to these two contrasting chemical bonds. Two products namely sleeve bearing and thrust washer were fabricated from the optimum values of control parameters estimated by the design of experiments using Taguchi’s technique. The properties of the nylon 6/teflon/graphite composites have been optimized by the confirmations tests.

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A New Energy-Efficient Cluster Head Selection Algorithm[ ]


The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has grown enormously in the last decade. Energy efficiency is the most important issue in research of wireless sensor networks while the routing protocol plays an import role in achieving energy efficiency in WSN. Because of the limited energy storage capability of sensor nodes, Energy consumption is one of the most challenging factors of these networks and different strategies and protocols deals with this area. To support high scalability and better data aggregation, sensor nodes are often grouped into disjoint, non overlapping subsets called clusters. Today Cluster based routing protocol are well known approach for extending Wireless Sensor Networks.

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Logical sets of quantum operators[ ]


A central component of the quantum calculations is the logical summary of the classic concept for the operators for identity and negation. The characteristic of the quantum states and operators, based on this summary, is in the basis of the logic of the formalized qubit operators. In this report is examined the general idea for the states of identity and negation. Also specific examples from these classes are discussed.

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Unitary combinations of formalized classes in qubit space[ ]


The formalization of qubit operators has two main objectives. The first one is to present all qubit operators as linear combinations of ???t?_1 and ?N??t?_1, i.e. identity and negation. Both classes are analogous to the classic operators and therefore the formalization of single qubit operators with these classes, acting as main operators, provides means for operation with primitive operators, set in the classical concepts for calculations. The second objective is to be separated the parts of the phase of the state to be separated from those of the amplitude in such a way, so as to be set out the key models at the disturbance, generated by the operators.

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Parametric Importance of Warm Deep Drawing Process for 1070A Aluminium Alloy: Validation through FEA[ ]


In this present work, a statistical approach based on Taguchi and Anova techniques and fininte element analysis were adopted to determine the degree of importance of sheet thickness, temperature, coefficient of friction and temperature on the formability of cups from 1070A aluminium alloy using warm deep drawing process. The ex-perimental results were validated using a finite element software namely D-FORM. The Erichsen deep drawing test was conducted to study the formation of wrinkles in the cups. The thickness of sheet, temperature and coefficient of friction would influence the effective stress. The major parameter which could influence the effective strain, the volume of the cup was the thickness of sheet. The damage in the cups was occurred at thin sheets, high coefficient of friction, high strain rate and high temperature.

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Fatigue Life Prediction of Different Joint Designs for Friction Welding of 1050 Mild Steel and 1050 Aluminum[ ]


The purpose of this work was to assess vee-joint, square joint and plain joint, used for joining of dissimilar1050 mild steel and 1050 aluminum alloy materials by continuous drive friction welding. Three joints were evaluated for their strength, hardness, fatigue life, heat affected zone and metal flow across the weld joints. This article dealt with complete failure data (all samples were tested until they failed). The vee-joint found to be the superior alternative for the dissimilar materials in continuous drive friction welding.

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Functional composition of quantum functions[ ]


The Boolean functions are a classic way for capturing one of the most basic computations. In this dissertation they are used as a means for specifying an information which is coded in the phase space of a quantum state. This, in turn, may serve for understanding of key examples of disturbance at quantum calculations based on the chain model. Here are examined the main properties and algebraic structures of single qubit Boolean functions and their composition, the combination of primitive Boolean functions with the operator for excluding or, ? , as well as the expression of these functions and their negation as an expression, using ? and B = {0, 1}, the set of the single-byte strings.

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Parametric Merit of Warm Deep Drawing Process for 1080A Aluminium Alloy: Validation through FEA[ ]


In this present work, a statistical approach based on Taguchi and Anova techniques and fininte element analysis were adopted to determine the merit of sheet thickness, temperature, coefficient of friction and temperature on the formability of cups from 1080A aluminium alloy using warm deep drawing process. The experimental results were validated using a finite element software namely D-FORM. The Erichsen deep drawing test was conducted to study the formation of wrinkles in the cups. The thickness of sheet, temperature and strain rate would influence the effective stress. The major parameter the volume of the cup was the thickness of sheet. The damage in the cups were occurred in thin sheets, high coefficient of friction, high strain rate and high temperature.

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Parametric Optimization of Warm Deep Drawing Process of 1100 Aluminum Alloy: Validation through FEA[ ]


In this present work, a statistical approach based on Taguchi and Anova techniques and fininte element analysis were adopted to determine the degree of importance of each of the process parameter on the formability of cup using warm deep drawing process. The process paprameters were thickness of balnk, temperature, coefficient of friction and strain rate. The experimental results were validated using a finite lement software namely D-FORM. The Erichsen deep drawing test was conducted to study the formation of wrinkles in the cups. The thickness of sheet, temperature, coefficient of friction and strain rate would influence the effective stress. The major parameter which could influence the effective strain, the volume of the cup is the thickness of sheet. The damage in the cups was at high coefficient of friction, strainsrate and temperature. The formation of wrinkles was less with high coefficient of friction anfd with thick sheets.

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Design and Computation of COP of Vortex Tube[ ]


Vortex tube is a mechanical device operating as a refrigerating machine without any moving parts, by separating a compressed gas stream into a low total temperature region and a high one .A vortex tube is a device capable of production of both higher and lower temperatures simultaneous at both ends of the tube. The vortex tube's construction is such that it is made up of a hollow tube of either metallic or fibre components having a nozzle for letting in of compressed air and a diaphragm or a orifice for controlling the flow rate of air. When compressed air passes through a nozzle into the diaphragm of the vortex tube, the air forms a spiral shaped vortex, that causes the heating up of air, and when this air returns back, it cools down rapidly, producing a cooling effect. As the mass flow rates changes, the temperature gap between the atmospheric air and air through the cold end varies. In this paper, the calculations for flow rates are measured and the designs are similar to what was taken by Hilsch, Reynold and Albohrn.

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Design Model of Built-up-Stiffened Column Base under Large Eccentric Load[ ]


Design of Column base connection is more complex than other steel to steel connection in a structural system due to its concrete interface. Till recent past, column base connection was a least studied structural connection. Analysis and design concept of steel column bases are changing rapidly in recent years. Ongoing experimental research and studies show that the column base behavior changes significantly beyond the elastic regime and its design limit state shall be derived based on actual failure state of a column base connection. Recent publication of codes and design guides in European Union, United States and Japan on column base depicts some major changes from traditional concept and practical design approach. However recent research on the column base is more concentrated on unstiffened base rather than stiffened column base connection subjected to very large moments. In practical design, for a heavily loaded moment resisting frame, large stiffened base connection is unavoidable. In this paper a brief review of new concept of column base behavior have been validated by finite element simulation. Here an attempt has been made to develop a suitable design model by flow chart and numerical example of built-up stiffened base subjected to large eccentric load with appropriate detailing for practical design purpose.

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NEW CRYPTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR ENHANCING SECURITY[ ]


As we are aware in today’s world, we rely heavily on the internet for almost every activity we perform. Using the internet we perform many tasks such as - banking, shopping, ticket booking, etc. The Internet is the primary medium for communication which is used by number of users all over the world. Simultaneously, its commercial nature is causing increased vulnerability and enhancing cybercrimes. The data which we use should be secured from hackers. Data security is currently the pressing issue that touches areas like computing and communication. In this paper, we present a new cryptographic technique which can be used for providing high security by encrypting data while communicating across the network.

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Design and Analysis of Delta Wing Rotor Configuration[ ]


The Wing Rotor Configuration is a fine combination of innovation and creation of a new configuration which can perform the VTOL operation at a high speed. In this, the wing configuration gets merged with the rotor configuration at its respective location, which again defined by the aerodynamic basics. The design and analysis of delta wing rotor configuration is done by using Catia v5 and Ansys workbench. It is a complex structure with two degrees of freedom; which makes the configuration more challenging. The two degrees of freedom is given to the rotor configuration in order to perform the maneuverability of the vehicle, which means that the wing configuration, itself would not perform the maneuverability for the vehicle.

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Breast Cancer Image Enhancement using Median Filter and CLAHE[ ]


Breat cancer is one of the major causes of death for woman in world wide. Mammography is the basic screening technique for early detection of tomour in the breast. The major objective of mammography is to detecting the small lumps at an earliest because they may lead for cancer. But it is difficult to identify the very small tomours in the conventional mammography because they are very noisy, low contrast, blur and fuzzy kind of images, it is necessary to enhance the mammography. Enhancement is done to bring out specific features of the mammography such as mass and microcalcification and to heighlight certain characteristics for early detection and easy diagnosis of breast cancer. This paper comprises the different denoising and cintrast enhancement techniques to recognize the suitable enhancement technique for mammography. Mammograms are denoised by linear and nonlinear filtering techniques and efficiency is measured by Root Meam Square Error (RMSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and then contrast of the image is enhanced by histogram based techniques.

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Network intrusion detection using feature selection and PROAFTN Classification[ ]


Classification and detection of network based intrusion is very critical task. The processing of classification and detection faced a problem of large number of attribute and mixed category of data. Day to day increases diversity of attacker and hacker generates new pattern of file for attack purpose, the process of classification and detection suffered due to this reason. The process of classification of PROAFTN is a combination of fuzzy logic and protein cell classification technique. In PROAFTN classification process all features come to the predefined classes for the classification. Now the process of improvement need some important feature selection process for increasing the classification ratio and process of classification. The particle of swarm optimization is dynamic population based searching technique. In the searching technique of particle of swarm optimization select optimal feature set for the classification process of PROAFTN classification process. The process of optimal selection of feature set increase the classification and detection ratio of modified PROAFTN classification process. For the evaluation of performance of modified PROAFTN classification technique used MATLAB 7.8.0 software. MATLAB is well known algorithm analysis software. For the analysis of PROAFTN classification process used fuzzy set tools and some standard tools of MATLAB. For the processing of input data used KDDCUP99 dataset. KDDCUP99 dataset is well known dataset for the purpose of network based intrusion detection and classification. Our classification and detection ratio in some attack case achieved 100%.

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Using Energy Efficient Relative Neighborhood Graph for AODV Routing Protocol in MANETs[ ]


Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) are self-organizing networks composed of mobile nodes without any fixed infrastructure. The design and the implementation of efficient and scalable routing protocols constitute one main issue. However, routing protocols for MANETs are mainly based on computing the shortest paths and could not be energy efficient. Nodes failure based on power deficiency could affect the overall network lifetime. In our previous work, since in AODV, the processing time of packets stored in nodes queues increases as the number of packets increases, we have introduced an enhanced version, named QAODV[26], of the standard AODV (SAODV) protocol. In this enhanced version, we have included a technique to control the packet waiting time inside queues. Simulations have been conducted to compare QAODV protocol with SAODV in terms of network lifetime as well as packet delivery ratio. Simulation results showed that QAODV outperforms SAODV. In this paper, we further study the impact of using an efficient energy relative neighborhood graph (e-RNG) on the performance of QAODV in MANETs. Simulation results show that e-RNG provides better performance while decreasing the energy consump-tion.

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Study the effect of different parameters on cooling range in a bench top cooling tower[ ]


A cooling tower is a device in which combined heat and mass transfer occurs simultaneously. It is used to reduce the temperature of water by contact with ambient air. Cooling tower is the most economical and effective way of cooling and is most widely used. Natural draft and mechanical draft (forced draft and induced draft) are the types of cooling tower. Forced draft cooling tower has been used in this research to study the effect of water inlet temperature and water flow rate on cooling range in a bench top cooling tower. Water inlet temperature has been changed 30°C to 50°C and cooling range has been calculated for each value. Similarly, water flow rate has been changed from 2 to 3.5 lit/min and calculated cooling range for each value. Graph has been drawn for water inlet temperature and water flow rate vs. cooling range. Water inlet temperature and water flow rate has direct relationship with cooling range.

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A review on various color filter array techniques[ ]


Most modern digital cameras acquire images using a single image sensor overlaid with a CFA, so demosaicing is part of the processing pipeline required to render these images into a viewable format. Many modern digital cameras can save images in a raw format allowing the user to demosaicing using software, rather than using the camera's built-in firmware. Thus demosaicing becomes major area of research in vision processing applications. In this paper, review of various demosacing techniques that have been proposed by various authors is discussed. It has been found that most of existing techniques suffers from various issues. Therefore the paper ends with a suitable future scope to overcome these issues.

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Comparative Study of Packet Loss Concealment Methods in Transmission of Voice over IP (VoIP)[ ]


The work consists of developing two MELP coders operating respectively at 1.2 kbps and 2.4 kbps. The improvements of the coder operating at 2.4 kbps by implementing packet loss concealment (masking) techniques based on the receiver which consists of interleaving information frames. These techniques are compared and mentioned on [1]. For this purpose, we extended this comparison to a method previously developed in our laboratory, called multiple descriptions coding (MDC) described on [2], which use two MELP coders operating respectively at 2.4 kbps for the first description and 1.2 kbps for the second description. We used as evaluation technique a method called PESQ (Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality) standardized by ITU-T.

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To Design A Biosensor For The Determination Of Cholesterol In Human Blood[ ]


The field of nan¬otech¬nol¬ogy is truly fas¬ci¬nat¬ing. The use of nanomaterials in the development of biosensors has paved the way for the emergence of many signal transduction technologies. Biosensors play a significant role in detection and monitoring wide range of medical applications. Cholesterol monitoring in human blood is one of the most important routine analysis performed in medical screening. Epidemiological studies have shown a strong correlation between coronary heart disease and blood cholesterol level. There is need for an effective method that is sufficiently flexible to yield good results in clinical diagnostics. Over the past 30 years large number of cholesterol biosensors have been developed. Various methods such as Fibre-optic fluorescence, Fibre-optic luminescence, Potentiometric, Spectrophotometric and Fluorometric biosensors, have been proposed to determine cholesterol enzymatically. But these methods suffer from interference from other substances found in the blood such as ascorbic acid and uric acid. Therefore amperometric biosensor was designed based on titanium oxide nano particle with Advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) Machine processor to determine the cholesterol level in human blood.

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Estimate Mathematical Model to Calculate the View Angle Depending on the Camera Zoom[ ]


A mathematical model to estimate the camera view angle for a certain object has been found based on camera zoom where the fitting curves for the practical data of the view angles ( ) in the image plane which decreased with increasing distance (D) for each zoom number(Z) of the used camera were achieved. Then find the mathematical modeling equation that relates view angles ( ), real distance ( ) and zoom number (Z) the comparison between theoretical estimation and practical result for the camera view angles and zoom number give a very good agreement between them where the estimated vertical and horizontal camera view angles very close to the real measurements.

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Delivery of Warnings and Alerts during Emergencies[ ]


India has unique geo-climatic conditions. This has made it vulnerable to various natural disasters. Earthquakes, Floods, droughts, cyclones and landslides have been a recurrent phenomenon, leading to a massive loss of human lives and a significant economic impact. In recent years, the Government of India has brought about a paradigm shift in the approach to disaster management, taking a holistic approach to address this challenge. An important aspect of this approach is disaster awareness by utilizing ICT. In this paper, we describe an Early Warning and Alert System that can be used by the Disaster Management authorities for communicating with the public. This system can be used to broadcast emergency information such as disaster alert warnings provided by local or national governments using technologies like Java, Android, and leveraging the mobile communication networks. The objective is to send timely and understandable SMS Alerts and also ensure that the message has actually been opened and read by the person receiving it.

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Improved Exponential Ratio and Product Type Estimators for Finite Population Mean Under Double Sampling Scheme[ ]


In this paper an improved exponential chain ratio and product type estimators have been proposed for estimating finite population mean of the study variable in double sampling when the information on another additional auxiliary character is available along with the main auxiliary character. The expression for the bias and mean square error of the proposed estimators have been derived in two different cases and compared with the MSE of other existing estimators, which utilizes the information on one or two auxiliary characteristic. The empirical studies have also been carried out to demonstrate the efficiencies of the proposed estimators.

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Approximations to Standard Normal Distribution Function[ ]


This paper presents three new approximations to the cumulative distribution function of standard normal distribution. The accuracy of the proposed approximations evaluated using maximum absolute error and the same is compared with the existing approximations available in the literature. The proposed approximations assure minimum of three decimal value accuracy and are simple to use and easily programmable.

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