REACT 2020 - National Conference on Recent Advances in Civil Engineering and Technology

"REACT 2020 Conference Papers "

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Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Framed Building Resting on Hill Slopes [ ]


Buildings situated on hill slopes are generally irregular, torsionally coupled and hence susceptible to damages during earthquake ground motion. Mass and stiffness centres of such buildings are varying along the vertical and horizontal planes, causes torsion failures. These unsymmetrical buildings require much attention in the analysis and design. Analysis of hill buildings is somewhat different than the buildings on levelled ground, since the column of hill building rests at different levels on the slope. The present study aims to evaluate the seismic response of step-back multi storey buildings using non-linear static analysis with the help of SAP2000 and comparison with regular buildings. Structural modification is proposed to mitigate the causes of failure. Roof displacement, base shear and column bending moment have been studied to assess the seismic performance. By introducing bracings at suitable locations, considerable reduction in the column building moment is observed in step-back building which is similar to that of regular building.

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Parameter Analysis of Crisscross Shaped Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns under Axial Loading [ ]


Criss-cross shaped concrete-filled steel tube (XCFST) columns are becoming attractive to researchers and engineers owing to their advantages of avoiding column protrusion from walls and they can save space. In addition, these columns can be used as central columns in civil engineering applications. Numerous research studies have been conducted on the behaviour of these types of columns under axial compression; however, the design methods require further investigations. In this study, finite element (FE) models of crossshaped composite column connected by double vertical steel plates were developed to simulate the axial behaviour and parameter analysis. By conducting 3D nonlinear analysis using ANSYS Workbench, the effect of width of connecting plates over the load carrying capacity of crisscross shaped columns are studied. Maximum allowable ratio between width of mono column and that of connecting plate and maximum allowable ratio between the length of the column and overall breadth are determined.

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Suitability of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Methods for Micro Watersheds [ ]


Flood hydrographs are graphs that show how a drainage basin responds to a period of rainfall and it is important to plan for flood situations and time of drought. One of the admired tools to derive these hydrographs is the unit hydrograph, which requires the site-specific concurrent rainfall and runoff data. But the collection of such data for every site especially micro watersheds however is neither practicable nor economically feasible. In the absence of such data, a synthetic unit hydrograph can be used which relates the watershed characteristics with the unit hydrograph parameters. In the present study, the most suitable synthetic unit hydrograph method for a micro watershed is derived. For this, unit hydrograph will be derived for watershed within which micro watershed lies, and using precipitation data, the flood hydrograph was derived by the process of convolution. The simulated discharge hydrograph was then compared with the observed ones to determine the suitable method. Since area of concern i.e., micro watershed lies within watershed it can be assumed that most suitable method derived is applicable to the micro watershed as well. The method was then used to derive the flood hydrograph of the micro watershed.

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Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Fire Exposed Steel Structure Under Protected & Unprotected Condition [ ]


Most of the earthquakes in urban areas can cause fire.Such fire can deterio- rate the structure of the building and can make it in repairable, if exposed for a long period of time.During a fire event,the temperature exposed is different along the depth of the beam and column. If the building frame does not deform severely after such a fire event, it is usually rehabilitated for continued occupation. This study investigates the comparative study of seismic performance of a fire-exposed steel frame under protected and unprotected coating by performing finite-element anal- yses incorporating fire-exposed steel material properties. The simulation responses demonstrate vulnerability of fire-exposed steel buildings under seismic loading. Re- sults show that the protected floors offer a higher fire resistance as the temper- ature of the steel section remains within 600C even after 60-minute standard fire exposure. Lower temperatures in steel result in lesser reductions of strength and stiffness, hence, the protected floors undergo lesser deflections and offer higher fire resistance.

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Treatment of Real Tannery Wastewater by Nanocavitation Based Hybrid Oxidation Methods [ ]


Tannery sector is a main contributor for the development of Indian economy, exports and also provides large scale employment.This industry produces a substantial quantity of highly complex toxic effluents which can cause severe water pollution. Presence of recalcitrant organic pollutants in the tannery effluent create a major problem for efficient treatment of real tannery wastewater.These organic pollutants cannot be completely oxidized by the usual physiochemical and biological methods because of its complex nature.This study focuses on the removal of organic pollutants present in tannery wastewater by Hydrodynamic cavitation(HC) reactor and its combination with other oxidizing agents like HC+ozone,HC+ozone+hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and HC+Ozone+Fenton reagents.The effect of different types of parameters like inlet pressure,initial concentration of tannery effluent, ,concentration of ozone, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Fenton reagent on pH,COD,,TOC,TDS,TSS on the tannery wastewater were studied.The experiment consist of two different procedures by varying these operating parameters. In the first procedure, wastewater was subjected to cavitation alone and in the second procedure wastewater was subjected to cavitation based hybrid oxidation technique with the purpose of maximizing the extent of mineralisation.The novel integration of hydrodynamic cavitation with oxidizing agents results in 80-85% removal of COD and TOC under optimized conditions.

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Significance of Constructed Wetlands for Enhancing Reuse of Treated Effluent [ ]


Natural treatment systems are quite effective in the treatment of biodegradable organic pollutants. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a class of natural treatment systems which have a potential in contributing towards sustainability since they return nutrients to the environment and do not consume energy as well. They can also be incorporated in peri-urban and rural landscapes quite easily. The important criteria for categorizing constructed wetlands include hydrology (open water surface and subsurface flow), flow path (vertical and horizontal) and type of macrophytic growth of plants. One practical example is a constructed wetland installed in the Katchpua slum in Agra city where the treated effluent was used for the irrigation of grass fields. The removal of conventional pollutants has already been widely studied. However, the removal of emerging pollutants is also important for reuse of treated effluent from urban sewage streams. The emerging pollutants include pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other micropollutants. This review paper describes the application of constructed wetlands which were involved in the effective removal of both conventional and emerging pollutants along with some suitable modifications required to improve its effectiveness.

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Numerical Study on Cold Formed Steel Channel Section [ ]


One of the main reasons steel columns is used in so many construction projects is its durability. It has the highest strength to weight ratio of any other building material, making it ideal for buildings both large and small. Even thought, steel columns with thin walled open cross sections are highly susceptible to instability phenomena such as local buckling, global buckling, distortional buckling. These buckling modes can be critical depending with length and cross sectional properties of member. This work presents and discusses numerical study of behaviour of lipped steel channel columns experiencing distortional buckling. The objective of this research is to study the distortional buckling behavior of cold formed steel channel section strengthened by different shape stiffeners. Numerical analysis is carried out using ANSYS 18.1.

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A Review on Strengthening of RC Beam using Basalt and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer[ ]


Nowadays, the field of concrete structure strengthening has become a hot point. Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures with externally bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite is a technique that has been developed in recent years where high strength is needed for carrying heavy loads or repairing is done due to fatigue cracking, failure modes and or corrosion. This material possess high strength capacity and corrosion resistance and can be used as a strengthening material with different adhesives in the reinforced concrete beams. This paper deals with the various studies conducted on strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete beams using FRP composites such as basalt and glass fibre sheets under static and cyclic loading conditions.

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Buckling Analysis of Hybrid versus FR Laminate Composite Box Beams [ ]


The buckling analysis of thin-walled laminated composite box beams subjected to flexural loading conditions has been studied in this research. Considered box beams are made up of 8 layers of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate and fiber metal laminate (FML) with different lay ups. The comparative study of buckling behaviour for box sections made with GFRP laminate and FML have been done. Top flange buckling of laminated composite box beams are emphasized in this study. Numerical models were analysed using ANSYS 18.1. Numerical models were prepared with simply supported boundry conditions. The parametric studies are carried out by changing fiber orientation, breadth to depth ratio and length to breadth ratio.

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Study on Performance of Recycled Tyre Steel Fibre and Waste Granite Chip in Concrete [ ]


The usage of suitable waste materials in concrete can contribute not only to reduction in the cost of construction, but also solves some of the waste disposal problems. The main threat to construction industry is the fast depletion of natural resources. Granites are increasingly used for flooring now a days. But large amount of wastes are generated in the form of chips. This can be used to replace coarse aggregate in concrete. Most of the volume of concrete is aggregates. Replacing all or some portion of natural aggregates with waste granite chip aggregate would lead to considerable environmental benefits. The steel fibre reinforced concrete is also becoming predominant in the construction industry. But the cost of these steel fibres are very high. Steel fibres extracted from these tyres shows the same properties of normal steel fibre. So steel fibres are replaced with recycled tyre steel fibre. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the cyclic behavior of the beam with the addition of steel fibre extracted from tyres and also replacement of waste granite chip with coarse aggregate. Cube, cylinder and beam tests are conducted to examine the strength of concrete produced. The steel fibres are varied at 0,0.5,1,1.5,2% respectively. The waste granite chips are replaced with normal coarse aggregate at 0,25,50,75,100%. Physical properties of both tyre steel fibre and granite chips were investigated and discussed. The parameters including workability, compressive strength, tensile strength are studied and discussed.

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Evaluation of Hydrological Safety of Sholayar Dam [ ]


The construction of dams in rivers can offer many advantages; however, the consequences resulting from their failure could result in major damage, including loss of life and property destruction. To mitigate the threats of dam break it is essential to appreciate the characteristics of the potential flood in realistic manner. In the present study, it is proposed to estimate the revised flood of Sholayar dam of Kerala using the updated PMP Atlas published by Central Water Commission and the synthetic unit hydrograph developed based on the Flood Estimation Report published by Central Water Commission in HECHMS plat form. It is also trying to rout the flood through reservoir as well as river reach when inflow design flood impinges the reservoir during FRL condition using HEC-RAS. Adequacy of spill way to handle the revised inflow design flood is also studied.

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Beam-Column Connection with Core Reinforcement and Recycled Concrete Aggregate: An Overview [ ]


This paper presents the literature review on beam-column connection with core reinforcement and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA).The presence of core reinforcement improves the load carrying capacity, the energy dissipation capacity of the joint, stiffness and the ductility factor. Using RCA in concrete preserves the environment by reducing the need for opening new aggregate quarries and decreases the amount of construction waste that goes into landfill. The properties of RCA such as specific gravity, absorption, and the amount of contaminant present in it contribute to the strength and durability of concrete. The quality of RCA depends on the features of the original aggregate and the condition of the demolished concrete. Silica fume can be used to improve the strength of RCA and to make RCA par with natural aggregate.

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Performance Evaluation of Pumice as Green Wall Medium For Grey Water Recycling [ ]


The exploding urban population growth creates unprecedented challenges, among which provision for water and sanitation has been the most pressing and challenging. An attempt to address the issue of lack of access to freshwater resources for sustainable management of natural resources is greywater recycling using engineered vertical walls with efficient and economical green media. Greywater is a type of in-building wastewater which is nowadays recognized as a substantial alternative source of water after providing them with suitable treatment and disinfection, saving 30-50% of potable water yearly. Green walls are vertical vegetation system that offers various benefits compared to other conventional water treating technologies such as less land footprint, air quality control, improvement in indoor thermal comfort, and reduction in energy demands for heating and cooling. Despite this fact, only few studies about the application of natural media over the conventional sand medium have been conducted. Pumice is a porous adsorbent which can provide good drainage, aeration, nutrient-water retention capacity along with favorable surface conditions for bacterial growth that promotes biofilm formation. The study involved a comparison between the media pumice and sand using column study on their hydraulic properties, functional parameters, and efficiency in the removal of pollutants. Pumice was found to be a better medium than sand with impressive hydraulic properties, higher COD removal potential, turbidity removal at an efficiency of 56% but conductivity didn’t show much variance. The study suggests more comparison tests with different proportions of media tested under different discharge rates which might prove to be a more cost-effective option for vertical green walls. The test results can be used for further studies for choosing the most effective mediacombinationsforgreywater recycling.

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Seismic Performance & Structural Stability Analysis of Floating Column Building[ ]


Many buildings are planned and constructed with architectural complexities. The complexities include various types of Irregularities like floating columns at various levels and locations. Floating column is a distinctive feature in high rise buildings in the present modern construction. As per IS: CODE-1893:2016 clause no-7.1, floating column construction is prohibited but there is no limitation and restriction for research work. This study is done to obtain the seismic response of a building and to analyze and build the structure in which there will be less damages to the structure and its component under the excitation of earthquake. A G+9 storied building with architectural complexity such as External Floating Columns is analyzed statically and dynamically for various earthquake zones IV and V. In overall study of seismic analysis, worst case scenario is found out. The worst case is then taken into consideration and suitable strengthening is provided and displacement, drift graphs are plotted. This Building is designed and analyzed with the help of SAP2000.v20 Software.

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Thermal Performance of Double Skin CFST Column [ ]


Concrete-filled double-skin Tubular (CFDST) columns offer a number of benefits and are often used in tall buildings and other industrial structures. Concrete-filled double skin columns also have much bet- ter endurance characteristics than conventional reinforced concrete columns under fire conditions as the steel casting prevents spalling of the concrete, which remains better protected against fire.Another benefit is that the tubular form of the steel eliminates the need for formwork. The four different geometry such as circular,square and combination is taken.Numerical models were developed using ANSYS15 and investigated the behavior of concretefilled hollow steel columns under post earthquake fire. For that CFDST columns were first subjected to axial loading, and then fire testing of the same specimens.The best specimen was found out by calculating the column having least percentage of load reduction capacity.

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Design Optimiation Study of Conical Shroud Structure [ ]


Launch vehicle design is a complex and multidisciplinary engineering activity. In the recent decades it become more challenging with the maor obectives of faster realiation repeatability lesser mass higher reliability and lower cost. To attain these design cycles are important in terms of time uality and cost. Optimiation of the design of the structure is necessary to get the best structure. In structures designed for impulse loading transient response analysis help to find out the response of the structure during time varying load. Integrally stiffened structures provide many advantages over other configurations of launch vehicle structures. This paper discusses the design studies of conical shells in launch vehicles. The present study is described in three sections i.e. the linear static analysis and free vibration analysis of Conical Shroud Structure using orthogrid and isogrid construction sie optimiation of the structure and finally the transient response analysis of the structure. FEAST software is used for modelling and analysis. Design optimiation is carriedout usingNASTRANsoftware.

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Numerical Investigation of Structural Performance & FRP Shear Mechanism for Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels [ ]


In this paper, flexural behavior of thin precast concrete sandwich panels with different shear connectors was studied. The external wythes were made of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete. High dosage of small 24 mm coated glass fibres were used in mix design for concrete wythes. Expanded Polystyrene insulation was used as core material. Full height panels for three different widths were modeled and tested by way of three point bending. Studies were done by finite element analysis. Steel meshes were provided parallel to concrete to increase the load carrying capacityof thin panels. Different models with CFRP, BFRP and GFRP as shear connectors were studied. The result showed that thin concrete panels and light weight claddings is a plausible solution and can meet the design wind loads.

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Study on Waste Marble as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete [ ]


Marble wastes is an industrial waste produced from cutting of marble stone for usage in various construction applications in India. Also, a large amount of marble is accumulating in the environment due to demolition of old structures having marble. This causes environmental pollution. Also, the process of manufacturing of natural aggregates uses a lot of energy and causes pollution. The use of waste marble as coarse aggregate in concrete reduces the amount of natural aggregate required. This work is concerned with studying the feasibility of partial replacement of coarse aggregates with marble. Varying percentages of replacement is considered (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) for the cube specimens and the optimum percentage of replacement is found out.

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Enhancing Last Mile Connectivity in Bengaluru Metro - A Case Study [ ]


Bengaluru is one of the fastest growing cities in India and expanding vastly in all directions.As a result of larger floating population with increasing existing population of the city, there has been increase in vehicular population adding to extreme congestion and air pollution on the city roads.The mass rapid transit system (MRTS) was encouraged, so that commuters could start using public transport more and more, instead of using private vehicles. It is necessary to understand the actual origin of traffic , for that purpose Origin and destination studies are carried out by interview techique and related data are collected. Last mile defines the difficulty in getting for the people from a transportation hub, to their final destination.In this study, the problems associated with last mile connectivity of Bengaluru’s Mass Rapid Transit System named as “Namma metro” is evaluated using survey123 Arc GIS app. This paper presents and analyzes the results from a case study in which new mobility enterprises are piloted as last-mile solutions at a metro station in Bengaluru. Commuter preference to mass transit system (MTS) has increased since its launch but the traffic congestion has not at all reduced significantly. Inspite of increase in commuter population in metro and hence the fuel consumption. Metro has emerged as safe mode of transport, but still commuters continue with unsafe modes of transport due to limited connectivity of the metro rail.The outermost destination covered by BMTC services and feeder facility has to be improve by providing more number to last mile destination for the different sectors.

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Non linear static analysis of multi storey steel structure with different re-entrant ratios [ ]


Structures with re-entrant corner are commonly encountered when there is a scope for maximum utilization of the minimum available space. Also, these structures respond differently when built with different re-entrant ratios.One of the major problems associated with re-entrant corner is torsion. It also leads to difference in the stress induced in different wings of the structure leading to stress concentration at the re-entrant corner. This study focuses on the response of steel structures with re-entrant corner to a monotonically increasing pattern of lateral loads. The major objective is to generalise these responses of the structures, when different re-entrant ratios are considered by conducting a non-linear static pushover analysis inSAP2000. The results obtained for structures with different re-entrant ratios are compared in terms of lateral displacement, inter storey drift and torsional irregularity.This study also includes dissipative capacity improvement of these structures (with different re-entrant ratios and number of bays) without increasing its stiffness in a significant way with supplemental fluid viscous dampers.

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Structural Behavior of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Long Columns Stiffened by External and Internal Continuous Spirals[ ]


Concrete filled steel tubes (CFST) are composite members consisting of a steel tube infilled with concrete. CFST long columns are increasingly used in high-rise buildings and in large span structures inorder to provide axial strength and stiffness. This paper investigates the behavior of concrete filled steel tube long columns stiffened by external and internal spiral reinforcement. Numerical models were developed using ANSYS and structural behavior of CFST long columns strengthened by external and internal continuous spirals were analysed. Specimens were stiffened as (1) external continuous spiral (ECS) welded to the exterior surface of the steel tube, (2) internal continuous spiral (ICS) welded to the interior surface of the steel tube. The main parameters in this study are steel tube thickness, diameter of spiral bar, the number of spiral turns and location of the continuous spirals. A comparative study was done on CFST and reinforced concrete filled steel tube (RCFST) columns. Structural behavior of CFST long columns under eccentric loading is also analysed. Finite element analysis has been done to obtain the most effective specimen. The result shows that as steel tube thickness, spiral bar diameter and number of spiral turns increases load carrying capacity increases than the control specimen. It can be interpreted from the results that CFST specimens stiffened by internal continuous spirals have better load carrying capacity than the other specimens.

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ANALYTICAL STUDY ON CFRP STRENGTHENED STEEL COLUMN UNDER TRANSVERSE IMPACT LOAD [ ]


Naturally, steel has high strength and stiffness, which makes it harder to strengthen compared to materials such as concrete and wood. When steel is strengthened with a material whose Young’s modulus is lower, the strengthening should only be effective after the steel yields. To solve the issues of conventional methods, there is a need for accepting a long-lasting, cost-effective material. A possible solution is the use of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. This paper deals with the numerical simulation of the strengthened square hollow section (SHS) steel columns under transverse impact loading and analysis was carried out using ANSYS 18.1. Parametric studies are conducted to find out the impact load capacity of CFRP strengthened SHS column under transverse impact load, by providing CFRP layer of various thickness, lengths and providing the CFRP layer on multiple sides (1, 2 and4 sides) of the column are used for CFRP distributions. The impactor is modelled as a rigid mass using 8-node brick element with dimensions of 89 x 89 x 90 mm. The density of the impactor was adjusted to achieve a specific mass of 170-kg with initial impact velocity of 7m/s. A series of detailed analyses on the impact behaviour of CFRP-strengthened steel columns was performed using the validated finite-element model to provide further insight.

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Ground Wind Dynamic Load Alleviation Using Vibration Absorber & Lateral Support for Typical Launch Vehicle [ ]


Launch vehicles are subjected to ground wind loads while on launch pad. The response of the vehicle to the steady winds, vortex shedding effect and turbulence can produce significant steady and dynamic loads. Vortices are shedding due to periodic unsteady separation flow along a portion, or entire length of the vehicle. It causes oscillating pressure distribution on the vehicle. Oscillating force distribution due to this pressure excites the vehicle and causes dynamic load on the vehicle. The present work focuses on accurately estimating and reducing the ground wind dynamic load by introducing lateral support and mounting vibration absorber. A finite element model of a typical launch vehicle using beam elements with base fixed condition is modelled in MSC PATRAN software, considering mass distribution, material and geometric properties. Modal (Eigen value) analysis is carried out for natural frequencies and mode shape estimation on basic FE model and on basic FE model with lateral support. Transient response analysis is carried out for the dynamic load estimation due to vortex shedding for basic model, basic model with lateral support and basic model with tuned mass damper. Displacement is also estimated for the three cases. Estimation of vortex caused dynamic loads and the analysis were done by using MATLAB code. Introduction of lateral support at 35% of vehicle length from nose tip makes the frequency higher. Dynamic bending moment (BM) decreased due to this frequency shift. Mounting of tuned mass damper (TMD) system to the vehicle model at 25% and 35% of vehicle length from nose tip. For two tuned mass systems, normalised tip displacement is less than that of base fixed condition. Normalised dynamic BM is reduced for excitation corresponding to first and second natural frequency. Thus it is concluded from this study that dynamic BM is effectively reduced by using TMD.

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Effects of Crowd Behavior on Dynamic Responses of Permanent Grandstand Structure [ ]


Construction indusry’s novel design design have resulted in an enhanced use of slender structures having low natural frequency. Enthusiastic potential behavior of people from concert, shows, and sporting events etc., causes dynamic crowd load may excite supporting slender structures such as stadium, grandstands, auditorium, bridges, malls and convention center. The combination of slender structures with dynamic crowd load induce the structure easily vulnerable to excessive vibrations and dangerously affects the safety and comfort of occupants. Hence these vibration problems due to increased structural slenderness and more lively dynamic crowd excitation becoming more common aspects. So study the behavior of dynamic crowd load is mandatory. The present work aims to find out the behavior of permanent grandstand structure under dynamic crowd load. So study investigates the behavior of grandstand structure considering load at different frequency of jumpers in the range of 1.5 Hz to 3.5Hz, different types of activity such as normal jumping, high aerobics and low aerobics and various percentage of active crowd with total crowd, also the effects of rake angle on the structure to reduce the vibration. Active dynamic crowd load was analytically developed as taken from BS 6399-Part 1 and generated as time history and applied to the structure. The passive live load as taken 5kN/m2 specified in IS875 (Part II). A three dimensional finite element model is used to model the grandstand structure. For modelling the grandstand structure and dynamic analysis finite element software, SAP2000 was used. The results obtained are compared in form of horizontal frequency, vertical frequency, acceleration, displacement, shear force and bending moment.

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Comparison of Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Conventional Concrete [ ]


Plain concrete possesses a very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking, so there is a necessity to overcome these problems. It has been recognized that the addition of small, closely spaced and uniformly dispersed fibres to concrete would act as crack arrester and would substantially improve its mechanical and durability properties. This type of concrete is known as Fibre Reinforced Concrete. In the present study, investigations on fiber reinforced concrete is carried out and mainly crimped steel fiber and polypropelyne fibers are used. Pavement quality concrete of grade M-40 is designed as per IRC: 44-2008 and a water cement ratio of 0.38 is adopted. Specimens such as cubes (of size 150 x150 x150mm), cylinders (300mm height and 150mm dia.) and beams (100 x100 x 500mm) are cast by adding different fiber dosages such as 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% by volume for steel fibers and 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% for polypropelyne fibers. The specimens are kept for curing over a period of 7 days and 28 days. The structural behavior of the specimen is determined by conducting destructive(compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength), non-destructive(UPV test) and durability tests(water absorption and sorptivity). From the test results it can be concluded that the performance of conventional concrete can be improved by the addition of small amount of fibers. Finally, the optimum dosages of steel and polypropelyne fibers are found to be 1.5% and 0.3% respectively.

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A Study On Evaluation Of Temperature Stresses In Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slabs [ ]


Temperature is an important parameter which affects the design and performance of both flexible and rigid pavements. Temperature variations within the rigid pavement structure induces many distresses. Knowledge of temperature effects is essential for the design and maintenance requirement. The temperature differential depends mainly on the thickness of slab and the grade of concrete. In this study an effort is made to design M-40 grade concrete mix as per IRC:44-2008 and to determine realistic temperature differential and temperature stresses in pavement quality concrete, fiber reinforced concrete slabs of different thickness i.e., 150 mm and 200 mm. The optimum dosages of the fibers are fixed based on the mechanical and durability properties of the concrete. The Concrete slabs of size 500X500 mm are cast by adding optimum dosages of crimped steel and polypropelyne fibers and placed on the prepared subgrade and instrumented with thermocouples to record the temperature differential in the slabs. The temperature is recorded every hour for a period of seven days during summer and monsoon season of the year to study the variation of temperature. It is observed that the temperature is more predominate at the top of the slab during day time when compared to bottom of concrete slabs and also observed that the temperature is more at the bottom of the slab during night time when compared to top of concrete slabs. A rigid pavement is designed for an assumed traffic as per IRC:58-2011 by doing bottom-up and top-down cracking analysis. It is observed that thickness requirement for steel fibre and polypropelyne fiber reinforced concrete pavement is lesser as compared to the conventional concrete for the same traffic. Among steel and polypropelyne fibers, steel fibers will give satisfactory results and hence preferred.

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Beam-Column Connection with Crossed Inclined Reinforcement Bars An Overview [ ]


This paper presents the literature review on beam-column connection with crossed inclined column reinforcement bars.The presence of crossed inclined reinforcement improves the shear strength, the energy dissipation capacity of the joint and the pinching effect of the beam’s reinforcement. The specimens with -bars in the joint area were able to maintain maximum strength for a larger number of post yield cycles. It was also clear from the literatures that the presence of crossed inclined reinforcing bars introduced a new shear transfer mechanism in the joint area, beyond the mechanism of the concrete diagonal strut and the steel truss mechanism of the conventional shear reinforcement (common closed stirrups and vertical bars). The new mechanism due to the addition of the -bars was called truss mechanism of the crossed inclined reinforcement.

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Exterior Type-2 Wide Beam - Column Connection An Overview [ ]


In regions with a low to moderate level of seismicities such as Hong Kong, Italy, Spain, and Australia, it has been a widespread practice to utilise RCMRF with wide beams as the primary structural system for resisting lateral seismic loads. The design and construction of such structural systems are efficient and profitable. However, the resistance of the beam-column connections in this structural system against lateral earthquake loading is the major concern of structural engineers around the world. The exterior wide beam-column connections are not only susceptible to joint shear failure but also they are highly vulnerable to failure of the spandrel (transverse) beam in torsion. This paper presents the literature review on exterior type-2 wide beam-column connection

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