REACT 2018- Recent Advances in Civil Engineering and Technology

"REACT-2018 Conference Papers "

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Study on Causes and Effects of Change Orders in Construction Sites[ ]


Change orders are one of the major problems in construction projects. Change orders in construction projects are any occurrence in the project after the grant of the contract or bow of work on sites. Such changes may happen due to the needs to satisfy the new or modified demands specified by the owner, to reduce project cost, or to correct existing design mistake. To make things bad most of the changes were made during construction stage. These will cause change orders, contractual disputes, cost overrun, time delay and frustration. In addition to that parties which are involved in the procedure of making the changes into reality will need to submit fresh claims on the extra work done. Hence, proper analysis and actions are required to measure the causes and effects of change orders. The objectives of this study is the identification and evaluation of causes and effects of change orders in construction site which includes data collection by running questionnaires among the parties contributing to these changes, which is analyzed using Relative Importance Index method.

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Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of RC Building[ ]


Vulnerability is generally a term used to indicate the extent of the damage and losses that may probably occur as a result of accidents in buildings. Forecast of vulnerability of existing buildings towards future tremors is one of the most indispensable topics in structural engineering. This paper focuses on the development of fragility curves for a ten story reinforced concrete (RC) commercial building structure in India. Fragility curve is a statistical tool representing the changes in nature of the structural damage as the intensity of ground motion increases. For developing fragility curve a set of earthquake records were selected from pacific earthquake engineering research centre. Earthquake records were scaled in terms of spectral acceleration. Incremental dynamic analysis is carried out to different earthquake records with various intensities using SAP2000.

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Seismic Response Reduction by Pendulum Tuned Mass Dampers on Regular High Rise RC Building[ ]


Vibration’s created due to various human activities and natural phenomenons adversely affect building and its occupants. To overcome these problems various types of dampers have been used. Aim of this study is to understand performance of passive pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD) in response control of a regular RC building during an earthquake. Effect of TMD mass ratio variation on response reduction is also accounted in this study. Fast non linear analysis is performed using SAP2000 V 19 to understand response of structure during a seismic action. Response control is analyzed on regular building with and without damper.

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Seismic Reduction Factor for Simple Moment Resisting Steel Frames[ ]


In last decades moment resisting steel structures has played an important role in construction industry. Moment resisting steel frames are commonly used as the dominant mode of lateral resisting system in seismic regions for a long time. The seismic performance of multi storey steel frame buildings designed according to the provisions of the current Indian codes IS 800-2007 and IS 1893-2002. IS codes recommends unique value of R for steel frames. The objective of present study in moment resisting steel frame is to estimate the R values for frames having varying number of stories, designed as per IS codes and to compare them. The structures are subjected to non-linear static pushover analysis in SAP2000 version 19.2.2, to check its adequacy compared to code recommended R values. The R factors of these frames can be evaluate from their non- linear baseshear versus roof displacement curves (pushover curves).

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Behaviour of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beam Under Shear[ ]


An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of hybrid fibers on the shear behaviour of concrete. The grade of concrete was M25. Hooked end steel fibers and polyester (Recron 3S) fibers were used for the study. The total volume of fibers was fixed as 0.5% of total volume of concrete. The investigation consists of casting and testing of six reinforced beam specimens of size 100x150x750mm. No shear reinforcement was provided in the shear span in order to ensure shear failure. Each specimen was tested under two point loading. Out of six, two were made of NC , two were with 0.5% SFRC and remaining two were with optimum HFRC(0.35% steel+0.15% polyester). Modeling of these beams was carried out using ANSYS 16.1 software. Finally the experimental results were compared with the analytical one. HFRC specimen shows significant improvement (about 58.3%) in the first crack load. The overall performance HFRC specimens (0.35% steel fibers and 0.15% polyester fibers) showed better performance than NC and SFRC. The analytical results were found to be in good agreement with experimental one.

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In-plane Failure and Strength of Pin-Ended Circular Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Arches Considering Local Buckling[ ]


In civil engineering fiber-reinforced polymers are seeing increasing use in various infra structure applications. The use of fiber-reinforced polymer composite arches has been seen as a solution for rapid construction with low future maintenance requirements. FRP arches offer unique characteristics such as high stiffness and strength to weight ratios, high corrosion resistance, reducing construction time and complexity relative to conventional cast-in-place concrete structures. This paper presents a numerical investigation of in-plane failure and strength of FRP arches considering plate local buckling behaviour.

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Optimization of Material Cost through MRP in Road Construction[ ]


In a construction project, materials account for more than 40% of the total project cost. A small saving in material cost through efficient management of materials can result to a large saving in the total project cost. One of the root causes of improper material management is that materials are ordered based on the information from project schedule. Hence the study is conducted to optimize the cost through material requirement planning for District road construction based on site scenario. The study involves mainly three stages, namely factors identification, data collection and its analysis. Data collection on factors which are based on time, cost, quality, quantity and location of various activities were acquired. These were analyzed and optimisation of cost is done through MRP. These results are validated using actual case studies. Efficient planning of materials can result in substantial savings in project costs.

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Electrochemical technologies for leachate Treatment: A review[ ]


Sanitary landfill leachate is very complex and toxic wastewater containing different organic and inorganic components and heavy metals. The conventional treatment technologies are not sufficient to reduce the negative impacts due to leachate contamination. Hence many advanced technologies are introduced and studies are going on in this field to nullify the complete toxic effect due to leachate. Studies reveal that among them electrochemical technologies provide more simplicity in process and more efficiency in removal of pollutants

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An Experimental Study on Effective Utilization of Rice Husk Ash as an Additive in Concrete[ ]


This thesis focused on the experimental study on utilization of rice husk ash as a weight reducing additive in concrete. So that, maximum amount of aggregate in concrete can be reduced by using rice husk ash as an additive in concrete and compare the properties and behavior of members against that of conventional mix. In this study, a different method of mix design was adopted to reduce the weight of structural members. The effect of rice husk ash on the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete was studied initially. The experimental results shows that, the addition of 15% rice husk ash reduce maximum amount of aggregate without compromise in strength. Based on this result, beam of size 3X0.15X0.2m was casted. The flexural behaviour and strength of prototype beams were studied by conducting four point bending test.

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Numerical Investigation of Energy Dissipation in Ogee Spillway[ ]


Spillway is one of the most significant components of a dam to ensure the safety during the flood. The identification of hydraulic characteristics for a spillway is difficult issue because of the rapidly varied flow type. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for investigating system relating fluid flow problems by means of computer based simulation techniques. ANSYS FLUENT is one of the packages used widely for solving water resource related fluid problems. This paper aims to undergo a two dimensional model study of flow simulation in ogee spillway and energy dissipation using Fluent 16.0. Flip bucket is used as mode of energy dissipation in this study.

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Flexural Behavior of RCC Beams Retrofitted with BFRP Wraps[ ]


This work presents retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams which are weak in flexure using Basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) subjected to two point loading. The main aim of this study is to rehabilitate the structurally deficient beam and to make it serviceable in flexure. Experiment consists of six RCC beams. Of the six beams two beams were control beams. Remaining four beams were preloaded to 70% of the ultimate load of the control beam. The beams were then retrofitted by wrapping BFRP on the tension zone and flexural zone. Load–deflection behavior, energy absorption, failure modes and crack propagation patterns are studied extensively. Experimental results are validated with ANSYS software. Parametric study is done in ANSYS for full scaled beams. Various parameters considered are number of layers of wrapping and material of wrapping. Retrofitting with BFRP wraps make structure more efficient and restore stiffness and strength values greater than those of control beams.

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MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF CORRUGATED SANDWICH SLABS IN FOUR - POINT BENDING: ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION[ ]


In this paper, a new generation of composite sandwich slab was proposed as a solution for the rehabilitation of slabs in old masonry buildings. An innovative solution was developed using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material formed by three components: Top and Bottom GFRP face sheets, GFRP stiffeners. Different types of slabs using different geometric orientation was studied and their behavior was assessed under flexural loading. The results showed that the developed hybrid sandwich slabs accomplish all design requisites and assure a stiffness/dead-weight and load capacity/dead-weight ratios much higher than conventional structural slab systems. And the most effective geometrical parameter for the slab was also found.

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Comparative Study on Quality Management System in Construction Site[ ]


Quality management system (QMS) that focuses mainly on customer satisfaction contributes collective assistance and necessities for forming an appropriate quality management procedure, in order to reduce the cost. In construction industry, it assists the companies to achieve their objectives, and ensures that all stages of construction project consistently meet the quality requirements. This study aims at comparing the overall quality and quality cost in order to access Quality management system. Thereby it effectively reduces the overall cost of the project without affecting the quality. Process Cost Model and Cost of Quality acts as the most imperative tools for the comparative study. A ‘Process Cost Model’ projects the mechanism for measuring the quality expenses of construction projects. The quality costs in the PCM are called process costs, which can be divided into two parts: the costs of conformance (COC) and the costs of non-conformance (CONC). The cost of quality management system is mainly used for assessing, monitoring, scheming and conforming to a decision which enhances the business profitability. Quality is the subtle factor for the success of construction projects.

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Developing Interaction Curve for the Seismic Design of Masonry Buildings[ ]


Masonry constructions are the most common type used for all housing purposes. They are classified as unreinforced, reinforced and confined masonry structures. The buildings made of brick and stone are superior with respect to its durability, heat resistance and fire resistance. The masonry structures are most vulnerable to and suffered heavy damages during earthquakes. The analysis is difficult because of its complex nature.

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Analytical Study of New Type of Reduced Beam Section under Cyclic Behaviour[ ]


Recent earthquakes have shown that steel frame (SF) with welded connections are so brittle. According to the studies conducted, great damages were due to the cracking of the weld between the beam flange and the column face and inducing concentrated stresses in this area. A new method is investigated to reduce the stress concentration at the column panel zone could be the use of Reduced Beam Section (RBS). It transfer the plastic hinge formation at a certain distance away from the column face.

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Seismic study of X braced, zipper braced and strong back system in RCC, steel and composite structures[ ]


Steel braced frame is one of the structural systems used to resist earthquake loads in multistoried buildings. Many existing reinforced concrete buildings need retrofit to overcome deficiencies to resist seismic loads. The use of steel bracing systems for strengthening or retrofitting seismically inadequate reinforced concrete frames is a viable solution for enhancing earthquake resistance. Steel bracing is economical, easy to erect, occupies less space and has flexibility to design for meeting the required strength and stiffness.

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Study of Seismic Effect in Unreinforced Masonry Structures with Openings[ ]


From beginning of civil construction masonry structure has a leading role due to its easily availability, low cost, due to its fire resistant ca-pacity, good sound and mainly due to the availability of skilled labours. The strength and durability of the masonry structure mainly depends on the quality of the materials, mortar and the labours. This type of buildings is very vulnerable during earthquake and sometimes the entire structure may collapsed. So in earthquake prone areas proper monitoring should be given for the masonry structures. Various studies are carried out in this field.

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Experimental Study on Behaviour of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Columns[ ]


Study the comparison on behavior of circular CFST columns and HST (Hollow Steel Tube) columns under uniaxial compression. A total of twenty eight specimens were tested in order to analyze the behavior of CFST columns. The effect of same D/t ratio and changeable L/D ratio on the behavior of CFST columns, ductility and failure modes for mild steel tube and stainless steel tube is experimentally investigated. The columns were proven to have certain shortcomings such as ageing of structures, corrosion of steel tubes. Therefore, the implementation of strengthening techniques with the new material is necessary to eliminate this difficulty. So conducted an experimental revise on CFST column wrapped with GFRP strips by varying wrapping width to space width as two, under axial loading.

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Study on RC Beams Strengthened with FRP and PCM[ ]


Reinforced concrete beams needs to be strengthened when the loads applied to the beams are increased or when the existing steel reinforcement in the beams are insufficient or subjected to corrosion or unsafe. The paper summarizes an experimental investigation on Reinforced Concrete beams strengthened with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) sheets and Polymer Cement Mortar (PCM) and comparing it with ordinary RC beam. The ultimate load carrying capacity of the beams were obtained and compared with the control beams.

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Seismic Pounding Mitigation Using TMD in Reinforced Concrete Structures[ ]


Earthquakes often occur on the earth’s crust leads to serious issues to the environment and its belongings. Seismic pounding can be defined as the collision of adjacent buildings due to severe ground motions. The seismic pounding phenomenon and its mitigation technique are discussed in this paper. The mitigation measure includes providing separate Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) on the top of both buildings. From the study it is evident that the TMDs were effective in mitigating seismic pounding in reinforced concrete structures.

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