NECITME- 2021: Second National Level E-Conference on Innovative Trends in Mechanical Engineering

"NECITME 2021 Conference Papers "

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Sanitary Pad Disposal Machine[ ]


Sanitary waste is non-biodegradable in nature and there is no effective way available to deal with this waste and also due to social stigmas attached to mensuration in our country, the sanitary waste ends up in a dustbin. In present work the system involves an incinerator which uses electricity to heat the heating coil which in turn will lit up the sanitary napkins which when put into it. The principal of heat being generated when current is passed through a resistance is employed in various household appliances like electric iron, water heaters. Although the disclosed device has the same principal of operation, here the heat produced is used to burn the sanitary napkin which is dumped into the incinerator. For this purpose, the most commonly used heating coil made up of nichrome alloy is used. The material used for the body of the incinerator is stainless steel as it is poor conductor of heat therefore it will not get heated up quickly during the use of the incinerator. The sanitary napkins primarily surrounded by papers will have an ignition temperature of around 250-to-300-degree Celsius. When the napkin burns, it is reduced to ashes. The burnt ashes will be collected at the removable ash collector being rigidly tightened to the upper part of the incinerator. The disclosed pot is scalable in all aspects because the materials preferred for this investigation is easily reachable in the marketplace. This system can be used in all schools, colleges, hospitals and offices etc.

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Pest Controlling in Agriculture by Robot[ ]


In this research work an engineering solution to the current human health hazards involved in spraying potentially toxic chemicals in the confined space of a hot and steamy glasshouse or agricultural field is achieved by the design and construction of an autonomous mobile robot for use in pest control and disease prevention applications in commercial greenhouses. For this a mechanical robot is designed. The effectiveness of this platform is shown by the platforms ability to successfully navigate itself down rows of a greenhouse, while the pesticide spraying system efficiently covers the plants evenly with spray in the set dosages.

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Modelling The Tibial Bone Using Reverse Engineering Technique and FGM Modelling of Simple Bar Using ANSYS[ ]


This work explores the area of biomedical imaging processing. Tibia is the largest bone after femur in the human body. Due to its complex geometry, developing an accurate and reliable model of Tibia bone is a challenging task for orthopedics. Therefore, to develop a 3D bone model Reverse Engineering Technique is used. This method minimizes the error in importing the models into the Finite element software to get better results. 3D slicer software is used to reconstruct the bone from Ct scan using DICOM files. A 3D model of human tibia bone has been modelled from CT scan images which is further segmented and modified to form an accurate 3D model by varying the segmentations parameters and methods.

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Design and Analysis of Multipurpose Power Weeder [ ]


Earlier farmers were using Traditional farming method which is time consuming, hardworking and costly, hence we introduce new technology. Generally, the machines are used for the farming purpose in India which is of higher level. All machines were used in farms are costlier and not affordable to farmers, hence to overcome this problem we were make this model. This working model of mini cultivator, we were done their trial on the farms and results are being successful and achieve our main aim to make this model. In this paper we can directly discuss about the working machinery which would be work in one and half hector for tilling purpose. This modern technology we were introduce, plough will be getting moves in forward and base wheel moves rotating with blades having traction effect.

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Bioactive and Antibacterial Coating on Titanium Alloy for Biomedical Application[ ]


A multilayer hydroxyapatite/titanium (HA/Ti) coating was prepared on the Titanium alloy by magnetron sputtering. The composition, surface topography, microstructure, adhesion strength and electrochemical properties of the as-deposited coatings were characterized by SEM/EDS, AFM, XRD, EIS, etc. Hydraoxyapatite as a biocompatible material has excellent osteoconductivity and corrosion resistance. Titanium Alloy has an excellent corrosion resistance and high tensile strength and toughness even at extreme temperatures. This project investigates the result of an experimental study carried out to verify the chemical composition, to determine the surface characteristics, mechanical properties as well as observing the surface topography of coating of the composite material hydroxyapatite/Titanium coated Titanium Alloy. This composite material is a new biocompatible multi-layered coated Titanium alpha beta alloy, in which the multi-layered coating consisted of an underlying Ti bond coat, the alternating layer, and an HA top-layer. It has great application in biomedical fields such as in bone and teeth implanting.

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Design and Fabrication of Gearless Right Angled Transmission and Continuous Variable Transmission[ ]


Introduced gearless power transmission arrangement used for skew shafts. In this transmission system no. of pins or links used must be odd..3,5,7,9…..& centers of any two pins or links hole must not be on that line which represent the diameter of the shaft. If more pins or links used motion will be smoother, but increase in no. of pins or links not at the cost of strength of the shaft. Pins or links are fixed (may be permanent of temporary) in the drilled holes at the both shaft ends due to which motion is transferred. The dimensions of the pins or links and angle for the pins are all given very precisely, holes drilled very accurately. Proposed arrangement used for skew shafts at any angle & if there is a need we can change the angle between shafts during motion or during intermittent motion with any profile of shafts having rotational motion along its own axis. The Working of this arrangement is very smooth & use very effectively with a very minimum amount of power losses.

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Advancement of shopping cart to reduce push/pull while shopping[ ]


shopping cart is a type of transportation or container that can be used by customers to transport their interior design, grocery stores, and grocery stores. A shopping cart is a stroller designed by grocery stores. Our cause of the project is to design an automated shopping cart, to be able to assist buyers, along with a vast ability to avoid obstacles with the help of built-in intelligence. This can be done because the system is controlled by a simple micro-controller (Node-MCU ESP8266), an ultrasonic positioning system, a transmitter, and a receiver-based approach to identifying and locating the victim, and an infrared sensor system for the measurement of the orientation of the obstacle. In the hope of adding intelligence to the values, and the shopping cart is designed in such a way that it could allow for ease of use. The idea is to reduce human efforts and the detection of objects that are virtually devoid of any point of contact, with the aid of sensors. Proximity sensors use high-frequency to detect any obstacles in the vicinity of the sensor. This paper represents the software and hardware design of the automatic transmission trolley.

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GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY BY USING BALL SHAPED TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR[ ]


The newly developed Hydroelectric Generator (TENG) provide an excellent approach to convert mechanical energy into electricity, Which are mainly based on the coupling between Electrification and electrostatic induction. The TENG has the potential of harvesting many kinds of mechanical energies such as vibration,rotation,wind,human motion and ever water wave energy also, which could be a new paradigm for scavenging large scale energy.

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MAGNETIC BURR COLLECTOR WITH FLOOR CLEANER[ ]


The intention of this mechanical engineering project is to fabricate a scrap collecting machine. Since complete automation is very complex and even research facilities haven’t come up with one, you better design one that is operated via auto control. The automatic scrap collecting machine is designed to remove metal scraps from the work station to the disposal area with the help of Magnet and Photoelectric sensor. The use of this automated vehicle system reduces human efforts and the chances of hazard. The collecting work station consists of the work room, conveyors and iron shattering machine. The big iron scraps from the work area is collected by a conveyor and is brought to a iron shattering machine to reduce its size. This shattered iron scraps are brought away from the machine to the rail module through a conveyor for disposal.

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Development & Modification In Roller GeaModification Tester[ ]


The “Parkinson gear tester” is a very great innovation in its own & is specially made for the purpose of checking flank surfaces of gear. Gears are the crucial element of any transmission system which generally used for power transmission. Such type of part must be check by using the highly accurate methodology in order to assess its functional performance in advance. Constant change is observed in manufacturing sector in accordance with the trouble of passing on new arrangement into reality. New machines and the frameworks are being made constantly to makes diverse thing at less costly rates and with high precision. Gear is most important component in to the power transmission method. The gear profile is very important factor of gear application at different area like automobiles, machine tools & other area power transmission. Hence the gear shape & accuracy is very important. Parkinson gear tester excellent testing measuring instrument for gears. Model of Parkinson gear tester testing includes the gear tooth profile through dial indicator. It can be very useful for gear testing laboratories, gear modification industries and gear repairing workshops. The inspection methodology of gears should be accurate with less time consuming procedure for its inspection. This gear test rig will check the gear in minimum time which results in a decrease of non- productive time and improves plant efficiency.

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Study and Investigation of Phase Change Material Application in Solar System: A Review[ ]


For photovoltaic (PV) systems to become fully integrated into systems, efficient and cost-effective energy storage systems must be utilized together with intelligent demand-side superintendence. As the global solar photovoltaic market grows beyond imagination, building onsite consumption of power produced by PV technology will become important to maintain electricity grid stability. This review paper provides the first comprehensive itemization of all types of energy storage systems that can be integrated with PV incorporating electrical and thermal energy storage systems. The integration of PV-energy storage is reviewed together with the role of energy storage for PV in the circumstances of future energy storage advancements.

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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY CONSERVATIVE WATER PURIFIER[ ]


Pure, clean drinking water is a need of every household as humans can’t live without it. Electricity at rural and remote areas is extremely erratic, thus making conventional water purifiers almost redundant for use. A pedal operated water filtration system is a water filtering apparatus which can filter water by using human muscle power via a pedal operated mechanism. Thus this project is specifically aimed at such areas and conditions of the world where water supply is erratic or non-existent and access to clean drinking water is sometimes at long distances. The apparatus is also designed to be made detachable so that it can be easily shifted from one place to another with minimal modification.

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Experimental Performnce Investigation Of A Thermal Energy Storage System With Spherical Copper Balls[ ]


The goal of this research is to improve heat transmission in a twin pipe energy storage system. The effective thermal conductivity of the combined media of PCM and copper spherical ball is increased by using a copper spherical ball put inside the phase change material (PCM), which is paraffin wax. The experiments are carried out in accordance with the diameter and quantity of spheres implanted in the phase change material. In addition, the investigations look into the impact of raising the heat transfer fluid's temperature (HTF). The melting Fourier number and the PCM Nusselt number are used to represent the results. The Fourier number decreased by three times, whereas the Nusselt number increased by the same amount. This significant improvement is achieved by replacing 2-volume percent of the wax material with metal spheres.

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HEAD MOVEMENT CONTROL WHEELCHAIR ON CANTIPILAR TRACK[ ]


Manual wheelchair propulsion in daily life is increasing day to day. So, preliminary study of human factors engineering is important in designing the wheelchair to be more ergonomics for them in doing daily activities. The main objective of this project is to improve the existing wheelchair in term of daily usage. It focuses on the use of simulation in analyzing the critical parts of the wheel-chair model and evaluates it in term of daily usage. The health service sector has been continuously trying to improve the service giv-en to the people in need of mobility assistance. As a result, more developers have been directed towards robotic wheelchairs. A robotic wheelchair is an intelligent wheelchair that has capabilities of navigating, detecting obstacles and moving automatically by utilizing sensors and artificial intelligence. We have developed a Robotic Wheelchair for the quadriplegic patients for mobility assistance oper-ated using the head gesture. The main aim of our project is to deliver a design of an innovative wheelchair that will facilitate disabled people in moving. Nevertheless, the team had to also take in to account that the wheelchair as a product should be competitive on the market and attractive to potential consumers

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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMART PUMP CONTROLLER USING ARDUINO BASED SENSOR FOR HOME APPLICATION[ ]


Water is one of the most valuable resources on our planet Earth. We use water for a wide range of purposes. For example: Washing Clothes, Drinking, Bathing, Industry Purposes, ETC....But the water waste problem is a really big issue all around the world. One of the most common reason being Human Errors.

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Review on Selection of Optimum Working Fluid for Organic Rankine Cycle.[ ]


The whole universe is facing several major challenges that are caused by some anthropogenic activities. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is commonly accepted as a viable technology to convert low temperature heat to useful work. To prerequisite for achieving the goal of sustainable energy is to create a flexible and agile power system. The organic Rankine Cycle is a green energy technology that utilizes low grade heat. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is widely recognized as a viable method for converting low-temperature waste heat to electricity. Several ORC waste heat recovery plants are already in operation as a result of these excellent characteristics. Despite the fact that the basic ORC is gradually being adopted by industry, there is still a need for application of new generation of working fluid with almost null ozone layer depletion potential (ODP)and significantly less Global Warming potential (GWP) compared to currently used working fluids.Waste energy is rejected at different temperatures depending on the industrial process, therefore selecting the best working fluid is vital. This cycle programme allows for the use of a variety of organic working fluids. The current article looks at ORC with a focus on the working fluid and how it can be used in ORC for various applications

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A REVIEW ON EVAPORATIVE COOLING [ ]


India is a tropical country which experiences a very high temperature during summer and becomes highly uncomfortable for the people. For cooling purpose people use refrigerator and air coolers which generates a high electricity bill, which leads to the investigation of water cum air cooler using the principal of evaporative cooling and thermosyphon, using solar energy as the source of power. This paper shows the research work in Evaporative cooling using clay materials and thus helps us in learning and understanding the cooling system more efficiently. This paper combines the different research work on evaporative cooling

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MULTIPURPOSE SOLAR DEVICE[ ]


India is a tropical country which experiences a very high temperature during summer and becomes highly uncomfortable for the people. Inadequate preservation techniques and poor storage provisions lead to deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Advanced processing techniques have been used to reduce postharvest losses of agricultural goods. In this paper, a attempt have been taken on the effective use of solar energy on the device which will work on multiple applications like cooking, hatching, drying food and water heating with or without storing material. Thermal energy storage technology in materials as sensible and latent heat. Applications with storage unit is very beneficial for the humans and as well as for the energy conservation.

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Overview on Application of Drone systems in Agriculture[ ]


one of main source of income in of India is agriculture. The production rate of crops in agriculture is based on various parameters like temperature, humidity, rain etc. Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles that are remotely Controlled . The field of agriculture is also depends on some of factors like pests, disease, fertilizers, etc which can be control by giving proper treatment to crops. Pesticides may increase the productivity of crops but it also affects on human health. So the main aim of this paper is to design agriculture drone for spraying pesticides. The use of pesticides in agriculture is very important to agriculture and it will be so easy if will use intelligent machines such as robots using new technologies. This paper gives the idea about various technologies used to reduce human efforts in various operations of agriculture like detection of presence of pests, spraying of UREA, spraying of fertilizers, etc. This paper describes the development of quad copter UAVand the spraying mechanism. In this paper we also discuss integration of sprayer module to quad copter system. The discussed system involves designing a prototype which uses

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Design of M-cycle Cross Flow Heat Exchanger for Indirect Evaporative Cooling[ ]


This project is mainly focused on analysis of m-cycle cross flow heat exchanger which reduces the temperature of the air without affecting the humidity and without using any type of harmful refrigerant. The software used in this work were Catia v5 and Ansys Workbench . So, by application of theoretical knowledge and guidance of experts in the particular field, we will get the result in terms of reduction in temperature.

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Performance Evaluation of Waste Heat Driven Absorption Refrigeration System[ ]


Automobiles lose a lot of heat in exhaust gases which reduces the overall thermal efficiency of the engine and is also a source of pollution. In present work vapour absorption system exhaust heat from engine is used as heating source of vapour absorption system. From the literature, it is clear that heat potential in the exhaust is enough for powering the present air conditioning system. The significance of the work is that it will prolong the working of VARS and enhances engine performance and efficiency without affecting performance of the automobile, essentially the fuel economy. Further the vapour absorption cycle uses non-CFC refrigerant-ammonia, and thereby have no ill effect on environment. The present work is focused towards the mathematical model of a VARS for the automobile using waste heat from exhaust gas. This helps to improve thermal efficiency of an engine. This study aims to investigate the effects of different heat inputs supplied to the generator on the energy performance of Absorption Refrigeration System. To achieve this goal, we have mathematically calculated the effects of changing generator input on COP, heat absorbed by evaporator and rejected by absorber.

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FABRICATION OF UNIT FOR NOx GAS SENSOR[ ]


The number of sensors which can detect various gas species has increased dramatically especially with respect to global issues of environment and earth atmosphere, the necessity of those gas sensors which can detect air pollutant such as NOx gases in environment is felt. They are essentially required in order to control the systems of combustion exhausted from industry, stationary facilities and automobiles. So it is necessary for the scientists to design and fabricate the gas sensors which are of low cost, selective, sensitive, and accurate especially in low level concentrations of target gases, easy to process and of high recovery and response time, good electrical properties, and above all tunable structure at the nano scale so we have studied and characterize a material for NOx gas sensor. A novel composite room temperature (RT) gas sensor based on a a-Ni(OH)2 thin nanosheet (TNS)/reduced graphene oxide composite (a-Ni(OH)2 TNS/rGO composites) was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal process. Structural and morphological characterization of prepared materials are evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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Paper on Wind Load Estimation and Truss Optimization of Parabolic Radio Dish Antenna[ ]


This paper focuses on estimation of wind load and optimization of truss structure for parabolic dish antenna using an analytical approach through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. CFD is a less complicated and time-efficient process in calculating the coefficient of drag and lift i.e CD and CL respectively. From this, we evaluated resultant wind load at varying operational angle. Ansys was used as software and CFD analysis as a tool with assuming uniform material density and wind load acting as uniform distributed load with an exemption of environment conditions. The use of truss member over single structural support resulted in weight reduction up to 10% to 20%. This method is useful to perform analytical approach using CFD for approximate theoretical wind load estimation and design of optimum truss structure.

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SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF ROBOTIC GRIPPER (GE BRACKET) USING FUSION 360[ ]


In engineering application a Flat bracket is any intermediate component for fixing one part to another, usually larger parts. The role of a bracket is to be an intermediate between the two and fix the one part to the other. Brackets vary widely in shape, but a prototypical Flat bracket is Flat shaped metal piece that attaches a shelf (smaller component) to another part (larger component). The shelf bracket is as effective as that of the architectural bracket. The objectives of the research is to optimize the shape of usual flat bracket and suggest the best shape at lowest cost with same loading conditions with help of Fusion..

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Performance Investigation of Solar Photovoltaic System using Passive Cooling Method[ ]


This paper reviews the performance investigation of solar photovoltaic system using passive cooling method. In which phase change material is used as cooling material. Main aim is to reduce the temperature of PV panel using PCM and Fins. A large part of the PV conversion losses are related to the temperature increase of the solar cells. Maintaining the temperature of the module at an optimum level was the aim of this study. Experimental research on a silicon PV module in a PV/PCM system in which the optimum operating temperature of the cell was stabilized through the use of a suitably selected PCM has been conducted. Measurements of electrical parameters of the loaded modules under constant intensity of radiation and with various configurations of the system were performed. An appropriately selected PCM should be used for the PV module modification: the basic criterion is a suitable melting point, which must be higher than 300 C, so that the material remains in the solid state under ambient temperature in the summer season. At the same time, the material should possess the highest possible enthalpy change h.

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Smart City Applications in Environmental Different Fields[ ]


Objective of the paper is to get analyze the scientific studies by focusing on smart city concepts and sustainability to understand better. As cities grow and develop, the urban landscape undergoes a high degree of change. The proliferation of “Smart Cities” initiatives around the world is a part of the strategic response by governments to the challenges and opportunities of increasing urbanization and the rise of cities as the nexus of societal development. This JISA Thematic Series presents significant research contributions related to the design and development of Infrastructure, Services and Applications for the Smart City and Urban context. In this smart city application unwanted noise can be controlled, harmful smokes can be avoided by introducing Smart smoke control system smart drainage cover, BRT bus gate controlling as well as electric bus charging is going to be available.

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Automated Paper cutting machine[ ]


Now a days, there is lot of competition in the market. So there is need of developing a new method or process for effective manufacturing. That process or methods should fulfil the requirement about accuracy Productivity.

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Smart Restaurant Menu Ordering System for using Raspberry PI 3B[ ]


E-Menu is an interactive menu for restaurants, hotels and other entertainment venues, viewed on a networked LCD screen located on tables, offering patrons a full range of ordering and interactive entertainment services. Patrons want good, efficient service, they would not like to wait around to order food or drinks, to receive their order or ask for the bill. Wireless hotel menu system is designed to accommodate the needs of various of properties viz hotels, models, resorts clubs, small, hotel franchisees and club’s small hotel franchisees and clubs. Wings Front Desk Hotel Software is the modern solution which has a whole range of integrated modules to cover every aspect of property management. The generalized version of Wings Front Desk, Hotel reservation software is state-of-art technology and extremely easy to use in nature. With the information we received from our users in the User Needs and Analysis report we have engaged in and iterative design cycle to develop a final interactive graphical interface for our electronic menu system

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HIGH EFFICENCY SELF LOCKING LIFTER[ ]


When an external load applies a dynamic or static torque to the output worm gear shaft, and this torque does not result in any rotation of the input worm, the reducer is considered self-locking. Depending on several design and load characteristics, worm gear speed reducers may be selected which either self-lock or back-drive and in some limited cases can do both depending on external loads and operational conditions. When an external load applies a dynamic or static torque to the output worm gear shaft, and this torque does not result in any rotation of the input worm, the reducer is considered self-locking. Depending on several design and load characteristics, worm gear speed reducers may be selected which either self-lock or back-drive and in some limited cases can do both depending on external loads and operational conditions. For that purpose, we need to analyse at which load the self-locking occurs.

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MODIFICATION CHANGES AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS IN THE THREE WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER[ ]


The catalytic converter is a device which converts harmful exhaust gases from internal combustion engine into harmless gases. Harmful gases like NOX, CO, unburned HC etc. are converted into N2, CO2, H2O respectively. Internal Combustion engines generate undesirable emissions during the combustion process, which include, NOX CO, unburned HC, smoke etc. Apart from these unwanted gases, it produces Particulate Matter (PM) such as lead, soot. All these pollutants are harmful to environment and human health. They are the main causes for greenhouse effect, acid rain, global warming.

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Design of coconut breaking machine with water collecting tank[ ]


This research work includes the study of problems that were faced during the cutting of young coconut in commercial purpose. By studying such problem the need of efficient coconut cutting machine was developed. If the developed machine is commercialize the problem of use of coconut water at hotels and restaurants will get benefited .The purpose of this research is to develop, test, and evaluate the young coconut fruit cutting machine. This research work include the description of such a machine which will not only used to cut the coconut but also can be used to drink coconut water at parks and beaches. The objective of project is to design and developed the coconut de-shelling machine and performance of machine which can remove maximum coconut shell at less time.. The construction of machine will be simple in design so that it can be easily manufactured in small workshop. Also the machinery will be of low cost so that an average farmer and small scale vendor can afford to buy it.

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T-Box Power Generation[ ]


The intention of this project is at production of electricity by using the concept of the rotation of wind turbine due to the wind caused by the moving train and also by using an electrical power generation system. As anyone living near railway tracks will tell you, speeding trains generate quite a bit of wind as they whoosh past. The idea is to design a wind turbine that can be installed between the sleepers on a track, and as the train passes overhead, the wind drives a turbine to generate electricity. This device could be placed along railway or subway lines, and make good use of an otherwise wasted resource. An electrical power generation system comprises a variable capacitor and a power source. The power source is used in the form of a generator to prime the variable capacitor that effectively multiplies the priming energy of the power source by extracting energy from the passing vehicle. By alternately priming the variable capacitor using charge from the power source and discharging it at a later time in a cyclic manner to change the capacitance, a significantly large amount of electrical energy is produced due to change in capacitance.

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Design and Development of Energy Efficient Solar Regenerated Dessicant Dehumidifier[ ]


The indirect evaporative cooling system does not dehumidify the inlet air. This project is mainly focused on the design of the desiccant system which dehumidifies the air supplied to the indirect evaporative cooling system. The software used in this work is Catia v5. So, by application of theoretical knowledge and guidance of experts in the particular field, we will get the result in terms of reduction in humidity.

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Investigation and design of Maisotsenko Indirect Evaporative Cooling System[ ]


In this paper, the Maisotsenko based Indirect Evaporative cooling system related Material considerations, performance standards, design related assumptions and dimensionless values are investigated. The physics of the Maisotsenko IEC was investigated based on a developed geometry. A CAD model of hiorizontal plate M-IEC is prepared based on the understood physics. The operational parameters observed in various papers were collectively studied. Based on the parameters the effect on performance is investigated.

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REDUCTION OF HEAT LOSS IN TUNNEL KILN FOR CLAY PRODUCT MANUFACTURING[ ]


In India from ancient times clay utensils were used for many purposes before the method of making metal utensils were discovered. the traditional way of making and baking of clay product is still carried out in all over India causing the pollution and wastage of heat. the development of saving energy and waste heat recovery Technologies has surged as a result of Climate Change initiative and require energy intensive energy industry to and their emission and lower energy consumption. In this paper we are including Three Types of baking processes which are traditional baking process, close furnace and tunnel kiln process

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Optimization of EDM Process Parameters using Taguchi and Grey-Based Taguchi Methods[ ]


In manufacturing processes selection of conditions is one of the most important points to take into consideration in most of the manufacturing processes related to Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). In electrical discharge machining, it is important to select machining parameters for achieving optimal machining performance. EDM is an important and cost- effective method of machining extremely tough and brittle electrically conductive materials. This new research shares the dif- ference between optimization processes Taguchi method and grey-based Taguchi method. The effect of the variable parame- ters mentioned above upon machining characteristics such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), and power consumption will be carried out for optimization and investigation. This paper reviews the research work carried out from the inception to the development of good surface finishing and quality improvement & also briefly describing the cur- rent research technique trend in EDM, future EDM research direction

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Enhancement of Osseointegration and Antimicrobial Property of Titanium Alloy by the Application of Coating[ ]


The target is to develop implant material and investigate it by various inspection techniques so that it serves for much longer period or until lifetime without failure or revision surgery. Thus, development of appropriate material with high longevity, superior corrosion resistance in body environment, excellent combination of high strength and low Young´s modulus, high fatigue and wear resistance, excellent biocompatibility and be without cytotoxicity is highly essential. To avoid problems associated with Ti alloys and to enhance biocompatibility, Hydroxyapatite (HA)-Silver (Ag) composite coating is need to apply. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate, which has a high osseointegration due to its chemical similarity with bone mineral and Silver (Ag) is quite an attractive element for this purpose since it has broad antimicrobial spectrum. This project is focused on the Enhancement of osseointegration and antimicrobial property of Titanium alloy by the application of coating.

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Development of Elevator based on Electromagnetism[ ]


An elevator lift is a vertical transport machine that effectively moves peoples and goods between the floors of a building. They are generally powered by electric motor, traction cables and counter eight systems, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston. They are also used for conveying materials in factories, warehouses and mines. Conventional elevators pose quite disadvantages i.e. they occupy large floor area, need a lot of repairs and regular maintenance and find operational difficulties in high rise buildings. The study focuses on countering these disadvantages by replacing the mechanical systems with electromagnetic systems. The report comprises of designing of elevator mechanism using electromagnets, lined on the wall of the shaft of elevator, and permanent magnets attached to the cabin of elevator, study of factors affecting it and calculation of forces and design of components. The polarity of electromagnets is controlled to generate a synchronized push-pull force that will elevate the cabin.

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HAND OPERATED PLASTIC INJECTION MOULDING MACHINE[ ]


The use of plastic is increased now a days in many industries like automobile, packaging, medical, etc.The reason behind this is that the plastic made things are quit easier to manufacture, handle and reliable to use.So the plastic goods manufacturing industries are striving hard to purchase good quality products injection molten resins into a closed, cooled mould where it solidifies to give the desired products was developed.The machine was designed and constructed to work as a prototype for producing very small plastic components at large scale and cheaper cost.

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Design & Fabrication of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System using Solar Parabolic Trough[ ]


For past few decades, energy has played a prominent role in the development of technology and economy. Energy has now become inevitable factor for production as well. The objective of this project is to develop an environment friendly vapour absorption system. Vapour absorption system uses heat energy, instead of mechanical energy as in vapour compression system, in order to change the condition of refrigerant required for the operation of the cycle. R 717(NH3) and water are used as working fluids in this system. The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel to obtain heat energy, instead of using any conventional source of heat energy. In this project various observations are done by varying operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures. The drawback of this system is that, it remains idle in the cloudy weather conditions

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Experimental Performnce Investigation Of A Thermal Energy Storage System With Spherical Copper Balls [ ]


The goal of this research is to improve heat transmission in a twin pipe energy storage system. The effective thermal conductivity of the combined media of PCM and copper spherical ball is increased by using a copper spherical ball put inside the phase change material (PCM), which is paraffin wax. The experiments are carried out in accordance with the diameter and quantity of spheres implanted in the phase change material. In addition, the investigations look into the impact of raising the heat transfer fluid's temperature (HTF). The melting Fourier number and the PCM Nusselt number are used to represent the results. The Fourier number decreased by three times, whereas the Nusselt number increased by the same amount. This significant improvement is achieved by replacing 2-volume percent of the wax material with metal spheres.

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