NECITME- 2020: National Level E-Conference on Innovative Trends in Mechanical Engineering

"NECITME 2020 Conference Papers "

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Design and Analysis of Propeller Shaft By Using Composite Material[ ]


a drive shaft is the one of the most important part that transmits power from the motor to the differential component of a rear wheel drive vehicles. The steel drive shaft is used as a part of car, now days this steel drive shaft is replaced by composite material drive shaft. The propeller shafts are used in automobile applications, aircraft and aerospace applications. The automobile industry is manufacturing composite material in order to obtain their reduction of the weight without decrease in vehicle quality and reliability. The drive shafts are utilized as a part of racing car, air ship applications. The steel material shaft fails due to only torsional loading, Because of this the steel material is replaced by the composite material. This composite material consists of Kevlar and Graphite which has good strength to weight ratio as compared steel material. Its design and analysis have done by CATIA and ANSYS software respectively. It is tested on Universal Testing Machine (UTM).

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Heat Loss Charecterization of Cylindrical Plain Receiver of Scheffler Concentrator[ ]


Author has developed a protocolfor evaluation of thermal performance of solar steam generating system, using concentrating solar collector is being proposed herewith. He has conducted experiment investigation on plain cylindrical receiver employed at focal point of on 16 m2 Scheffler concentrator, generating steam at 10-15 bar (gauge) pressure. At the same time, energy and exergy analysis are used to predict the thermal performance and heat loss pattern. The effects of wind velocity on convection heat loss have also been investigated. The effects of operational parameter such as pressure and mass flow rate of steam, wind velocity and structural parameters such as receiver geometry and its inclination are investigated.

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Influence of boron carbide, heat treatment on ductility and yield strength of Al2024 alloy.[ ]


The need of advance materials in aerospace industry is increasing day by day. Aluminium 2024 alloy posses light weigth and strong enough to fulfil the requriments of aeroscape industry. In this research article Al2024 alloy was choosen as matrix material and boron carbide was choosen as reinforcement material with different mesh size and also by varying wt.% of boron carbide particulates into the matrix materials. The stir casting technique was adopted to form the MMCs. The heat treatment was done for the machined test specimens in 2 stages that is solution treatment at 520ºC for 24 hours and continued with artificial aging process at 175ºC by holding time 1, 3 and 5 hours. From the research work, it was found that there was an increase in yield strength of the formed MMCs with the increasing of aging time and wt.% of boron carbide particles from 0 to 5 wt.%. Ductility of formed composite materials was found to be declined with increasing aging treatment and also when compared to aluminium 2024 alloy alone.

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A Study on Precipitation Kinetics of Super Duplex Stainless Steels[ ]


In duplex stainless steels ferrite and austenitic phases are present in balanced quantities and are easy to fabricate and having excellent corrosion resistance with higher strength. Duplex stainless steels find major applications in oil and gas industries, chemical process plants, pulp and paper industry and desalination plants. The present study includes the precipitation of intermetallic phases in super duplex stainless steels through frequent aging and heat treatments. The effect of Sigma phase, Chi phase, R phase and 4750C embrittlement on super duplex stainless steel were studied

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Design and Manufacturing of Automatic Screw Jack Stepney for Automobiles Car[ ]


As the technology is growing so rapidly, the efforts required to do any work is going on decreasing day by day. By implementation of better design the efforts which are required to achieve the desired output can be effectively and economically be decreased. A person an lift heavy load for certain limit of weight, so in this case to lift the overweight screw jack is needed. It becomes more convenient to use when it is motorised. In order to implement this idea, we have designed and developed a system called automatic screw jack stepney. In this system we have used IR (Infrared sensor) and screw jack with small wheel attached to the vehicle axel.

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Design of Enclosure for Charging Point of Electric Vehicle.[ ]


In recent years, due to increase in environmental pollution, increased fuel costs & energy crisis, automobile industry is shifting away from production of internal Combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles. The major problems associated with these vehicles are availability of charging stations & safety of charging points from environmental contaminations. Therefore, an enclosure should be designed for charging point for these vehicles which can protect it from environmental contaminations such as dust, dirt & moisture and which should be also provided with locking& unlocking system so that if one person using it, other person can't open it which also prevents its safety. The present study is focused on design of enclosure for charging point for electric vehicle which can be used to prevent it from environmental contaminations and which can be provided with locking and unlocking system which prevents damage to it by other person and ensures safe charging of electric vehicle. The operating temperature range, ingress protection Rating,enclosure material, mounting method & dimensions of enclosure are considered as input parameters for designing it. The design of various parts of enclosure&their assembly is carried out using CATIA design software.

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Reduction of NOx Emission in Hydrogen Fueled SI Engine[ ]


Hydrogen gas has been considered as a best alternative to gasoline in case of SIand CI engine. Automobileexhaust pollution has considerable contribution in today’s overall pollution levels.Hydrogen as a fuel can enhance combustion characteristics and emission in spark ignition engines at different operating condition. In this study, fuels such as hydrogen reduces this critical pollution levels. Hydrogen combustion produces very clean exhaust due to its desirable characteristics.Tests were conducted on a 1.1 litter Peugeot SI engine as a representative of small engine powered vehicles. The engine was modified to operate with the mixture of gasoline, hydrogen & oxygen. ECU was used to control hydrogen injectors with controlling unit for oxygen cylinder as well. All the tests were carried out under idle condition and hydrogen & oxygen gas mixture were used as supplementary fuel. Various hydrogen energy fractions such as 0%, 5%, 8%, 10% and 15% were selected and the effect of hydrogen addition on coefficient of variation in the engine speed, coefficient of variation in the indicated mean effective pressure, peak in-cylinder temperature, energy flow rate, indicated thermal efficiency, indicated specific fuel consumption, THC, CO, and NOx emissions were investigated under idle condition. According to experimental results, coefficient of variation in the engine speed, coefficient of variation in the indicated mean effective pressure, energy flow rate, indicated thermal efficiency, indicated specific fuel consumption, peak in-cylinder temperature, THC and CO were improved with the increase of hydrogen energy fraction. However, the dramatic increase of NOx emissions which can prevented with increasing amount of oxygen. Hydrogen is superior in many aspects over conventional fuels and produce satisfactory performance in engine applications. To meet the current restrictive emission norms, hydrogen will be one of the most important fuel in the near future.

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Review on Vibration and Noise emitted by Automobiles[ ]


Abstract:The IC engine is made up of reciprocating and rotating parts and they produce unbalanced forces during their operation and produce the vibratory output at the vehicle supporting members. The vibration reduction will be possible by minimizing unbalanced forces and by providing the anti vibration mounts at the engine-vehicle interface. Many researches were made to find the causes for the vibration and to reduce the vibrations at the engine supports. But still there is a research gap on the vibration modeling and vibration isolation of the engine. In this work, an attempt is made to represent the state-of-the- art for the engine vibrations and its isolations and to provide a gate way for the future work on it. It reveals the various work carried out on the engine multibody modeling of the IC engine components and different engine mounts and their orientations. The present work describes various automotive noise & vibration sources and their contribution, engine vibrations and engine mounting areas and revealed the gaps and untouched parts that requires further research.

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Modification in Forming Die to Overcome Manufacturing Process Limitation[ ]


Forming of sheet metal is common and vital process in manufacturing industry. Sheet metal forming is the plastic deformation of the work over an axis, creating a change in the parts geometry. Generally, there are two parts used in forming process; one of the part is punch which performs the stretching, bending and blanking operation and another is Die block which secularly clamps the workpiece and same operation as punch. Forming processes are particular manufacturing processes which make use of suitable stresses like compression, tension, shear, combined stresses which causes plastic deformation of the material to produce required shapes. During Forming process, no material is removed i.e. they are deformed and displaced. Some examples of forming processes are Forging, Sheet metal working, thread rolling, Electromagnetic forming, Explosive forming, rotary swaging, etc. Here the problem statement of the project is to combine these two parts design in one forming die which is now manufacturing separately on two different forming dies.

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Cloud Seeding by Non-Convectional Methods[ ]


Water is one of the most basic commodities on earth sustaining human life. In many regions of the world, traditional sources and supplies of ground water, rivers and reservoirs are either inadequate or under threat from ever-increasing demands on water from changes in land use and growing populations. This has prompted scientists and engineers to explore the possibility of augmenting water supplies by means of cloud seeding. This paper provides an overview of the current scientific status of weather modification activities to enhance precipitation and cost effective methods.

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SOLAR OPERATED WATER CUM AIR COOLER[ ]


ndia is a tropical country which experiences a very high temperature during summer and becomes highly uncomfortable for the people. For cooling purpose people use refrigerator and air coolers which generates a high electricity bill, which leads to the investigation of water cum air cooler using the principal of evaporative cooling and thermosyphon, using solar energy as the source of power. This paper shows the research work in solar operated water cum air cooler using clay pots, which can overcome the problem of high electricity bill, wastage of water used for cooling purpose and the cause of global warming due to the refrigerants used in the VCR system.

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FABRICATION OF DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM WITHOUT USING SENSORS[ ]


In the view of effective use of solar energy, more specifically solar photovoltaic cells major research is going on. This paper explains, independent solar tracking system based on individual independent panels to track the main central panel according to the sun position using motors which are individually operated via particular compact panels. The direction of main central panel is controlled by this individual independent panels to drive the motors and then to rotate the pulley by the belt transmission to achieve the exact position for the main central panel. This paper deals with the performance of solar panels energy conversion is dependent on sunlight it receives. Therefore, it is necessary to design a tracker device that can set the direction of the solar panel always follow the sun position. The two-axis sensor less trackers have developed in this research to maximize energy conversion. Position of solar panel move based on sun position using sunrise and sunset database. By using linear interpolation, the sun position in latitude and longitude direction for other time can be obtained during a day. Based on these values the solar panel set its position using two DC motors. This technique independent from weather conditions, although cloudy, panel position remains consistent with the maximum illumination when the weather is sunny back later. By this way, the solar panel absorbs maximum sunlight as well as generate maximum electricity. In this study, a dual axis solar tracker system is newly designed and tested at several times to track the sun position. A new approach to solar panel systems has been investigated and designed in this study via motivation of no sensor and less mechanical construction. Since a fixed solar panel will not work with the highest solar radiation at every moment of a day; a system which has solar tracker can consider..

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Thermal Energy Storage Using Phase Change Materials for Solar Heating Applications: A Review[ ]


Limited reserves of fossil fuels and various other drawbacks of exhausting energy sources like pollution and harmful environmental impacts has led to growing research interest in development of use of renewable energy sources . Solar thermal energy storage refers to converting solar energy of sun directly into thermal energy and storing it for later use. Phase change materials(PCMs) are used as storage media due to their high latent heat and storage capacity. This review paper deals with thermal energy storage(TES) using phase change materials and its application in various domestic and industrial solar heating applications. Classification and properties of phase change materials are also presented in this article. Recent advancements in use of phase change materials are also given attention in this paper.

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Implementation of Six Sigma for Automation of Broaching Machine[ ]


Abstract-Automation using latest technological tools for new product development is an increasing need of industry as it reduces cycle time, increases productivity and reduces labor cost. The main challenge for industries is providing a better quality, specifications to meet consumers increasing demands, and meet financial goals of organization. Design for six sigma deals continuous improvement of new or existing process using tools which are extensively used such as DMAIC and DMAIV. The main objectives of this research paper is designing and developing a Hydraulic Broaching Machine using Design for Six sigma technology replacing with existing conventional Broaching Machine. For replacing the existing conventional Broaching Machine DMAIC and DMAIV is used. DMAIC briefly defines the problem and analyzes it thereby finding a suitable technique to control the arising problem. By implementation of Design for Six Sigma Methodology speed variations, gradual loading, good surface finish, shorter cycle time can be achieved including waste management. The cost required for replacing the Broaching tool which used to break due to wobbling is also reduced. In this way the maintenance cost is reduced. The heat generation problems and vibration issues will also be controlled.

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TO REDUCE WEIGHT AND TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE[ ]


Due to development of all the country now a day’s all the country requires good energy source. As there is increase in demand for energy usage day by day we require good energy source which is renewable. Moving across the emerging trends of renewable energy sources, wind energy has attracted more attention because it is considered as a renewable resource and is easily available. Wind energy is an important renewable energy source due to maturity of technology, good infrastructure and relative low cost competitiveness. Due to growing interest in wind energy harvesting offshore as well as in the urban environment, vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have recently received renewed interest. Vertical axis wind turbine uses a radically new approach to capturing wind energy.the device capture the energy of wind and converts into mechanical form. Their omni-directional capability makes them a very interesting option for use with the frequently varying wind directions typically encountered in the built environment while their scalability and low installation costs make them highly suitable for offshore wind farms. However, they require further performance optimization to become competitive with horizontal axis wind turbines as they currently have a lower power coefficient. The angle of attack is a potential parameter to enhance the performance of VAWTs. The current study investigates the variations in the experienced angle of attack and weight optimisation of turbine.

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Road cleaning and scrap collecting vehicle[ ]


Cleaning is the main basic need for all human beings and it is necessary for daily routine process. The conventional road cleaning machine is most widely used in many applications such as example roads, railway stations, airports, hospitals, Bus stands, in multi floor buildings, colleges etc. also this machine uses human energy for its working operation. In our project we are aimed to use easily available materials with low cost and it can be easily fabricated and easy to use and control. It is the better alternative for conventional machine.

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Design AND Development OF Paper Bag Making Machine[ ]


Nowadays, carry bags have become a more convenient way to carry daily accessories. The well-known form of such a bag is in the form of plastic bags. Because of using such a bag plastic pollution is increasing day by day. So, to prevent plastic pollution we are using paper bags. Plastic bags are used on a large scale by retailers for a simple reason that plastic bags are much cheaper than paper, cloth, or other eco-friendly bags. So, for this reason, our main aim is to develop a paper bag machine so that human beings can use this bag in day to day life at a low cost. The 3 D model of our project will be drawn with the help of CATIA software. The analytical results are verified with the results of CATIA and the conclusion is drawn.

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Design and fabrication of 90 degree Steering Mechanism[ ]


The Soft Car design proposal has swing 90 degrees. It can pull up alongside a parkingspace and drive in sideways. Conventional steering mechanism involves either the use of Ackerman or Davis steering systems. The disadvantage associated with these systems is the minimum turning radius that is possible for the steering action. This difficulty that is associated with the conventional methods of steering is eliminated by employing a four wheel 90 degree steering system. This innovation promises to ease the task of parking on narrow Cambridge streets. The most striking elements of the car are wheels that incorporate electric motors and the suspension inside their circumference. By working through the problem so logically and indeed unemotionally we will anticipate discovering new possibilities. "We want to step back and rethink the automobile from scratch.Arrange steering system at front and rear side. When steering wheel will be rotate.

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The Rich Tradition of Powder Metallurgy in Indian System [ ]


The powder metallurgy is an important branch of metallurgy. The applications of the metal powders can be seen in various fields like automobile, defense, atomic energy and 3-D printing. Production of metal powders, their compacion, and fusing of the powders are significant processing stages in the powder metallurgy in the present times. However, there has been the application of powder metallurgy techniques in traditional Indian system since ancient times. The referances suggest Indians have had the knowledge of converting metal in to powdered form traditionally for a very long time before this process was introduced in modern world. The ancient Indian scriptures and texts like ‘Shukraniti’ also provide indications to the use of gun powder. The Ayurvedic texts have procedures and explainations for preparing the powder of metals like gold, silver, iron, copper. Even today these procedures are followed by the Ayurvedic doctors in India. As practical application in medicine is evident today, this technology has been percieved to have its boundry constrained to the medical sciences. However, it is not so, there are referances in ancient texts that suggest its application in various fields. This technology is actually the science of the production of metal powders using herbals. The purpose of this article is to reveal the rich tradition of powder metallurgy in indian scriptures and its applications

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3D Printing Technology, Material Used For Printing and its Applications[ ]


This is research paper on the 3D-printer in which reader introduced basic components operation materials used for making objects and applications. Now a day we are growing every day and every second. We adopt new technology with new invention and create new invention and create new things for enjoys life very easily. There are lots of new technologies we adopted in our daily life. In this technology one of them is 3D-printer. This is one of innovation on this we can make many objects.

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Design and Fabrication of Solar Operated Portable Bicycle[ ]


The solar powered self-balancing vehicle is a two wheeled vehicle which uses solar energy stored in battery to run its motor and attain acceleration. It is convenient form of transport without consuming fuels. Self - balancing vehicle is a two wheeled vehicle which balances itself in air vertically with reference to the ground. This vehicle is designed to mirror the process of walking and can be used for inspection purpose in the malls and offices. With solar energy as source of energy self-balancing vehicle technology and related uses of non-motorized transportations, a long term solution is to establish dedicated on-motorized lanes in urban environment, which will promote more energy efficient and environment friendly travel means. In this research solar energy is used as a source of fuel. A D.C motor is driven by solar energy. Solar energy is a natural resource available free of cost and in adequate quantity. The balancing of vehicle is achieved by the weight balance on the platform plate at the static condition and the action of inertia forces in the dynamic state. This vehicle is capable of moving with the speed of 15 Km/hr.

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Design and Constructional Changes in Boiler Chimney to Enhance Boiler Efficiency[ ]


The heat lost in boilers is through many ways such as discharge of hot combustion gases to the atmosphere through chimneys, discharge of hot waste water, and heat transfer from hot surfaces. This study is regarding the changes in design of the boiler chimney to reduce the fouling creation in chimney. In this research, an initial design of chimney for 15 TPH boiler, 16 bar pressure is considered. The design had a problem, in that designed chimney, maximum amount of carbon particles i.e. fouling is formed. This study is based on the work undertaken to redesign the flue gas duct in chimney to reduce the formation of fouling which affect the efficiency of the boiler. This system was specifically designed for boiler chimney. In the completion of the design, the flappers are provided in the flue gas duct. The attempt of this research is to reduce the cross section area in that particular segment to increase the flow of flue gases.

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Design and Fabrication of Solar Tracking System for Stirling Engine[ ]


Concentrated solar power (CSP) has attracted increasing attention as a renewable energy source with zero carbon emission. For efficient conversion of the externally concentrated heat, a suitable electric generator is crucial. In contrast to the currently widely used steam turbine, the free-piston Stirling electric generator (FPSG) features a flexible power range, high reliability, and zero water consumption. To date, most Stirling electric generators have been integrated with a parabolic dish concentrator in a dish-Stirling system. However, this configuration faces great difficulties in incorporating thermal energy storage or an auxiliary heating facility. To address this, a trough-Stirling concentrated solar power system, in which the parabolic dish concentrator is replaced with a parabolic trough collector (PTC), might be a good collecting device. This project presents different components and various configurations alongside with the feasibility of using solar energy as a source of heat for a Stirling engine. In addition to this, calculation of different components of Stirling engine and parabolic dish like sun heat calculations, Stirling torque calculations, generator calculations, and calculations for following and tracking the light intensity to get maximum solar power. This paper addresses issues which we saw during design and development of solar Stirling engine with generator to be sufficient acceptable for experimental and small wattage applications. This makes the energy usable in homes as a supplemental source of power or as an independent power source. Model is showing that is consisting of the parabolic collector, receiver, Stirling engine, and generator. The design is implemented to include location and depends on properties that affect the performance based on the sun elevation angle, ambient temperature, the wind speed, and density of air (altitude). Here experimental study is conducted on small-scale solar parabolic Stirling engine with generator. Low power is consumed to find the maximum power and highest light intensity. The applications of solar Stirling have green and clean energy generation from sun energy. Overall efficiency of solar Stirling power of system is expected to be around (24-36) percentage.

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Waste Heat Recovery from Vapour Compression Refrigeration System to Heat Water[ ]


Energy conservation is becoming a vital need of today’s era. Conventional methods of energy extraction do not satisfy rate of consumption and they will deplete soon. So, it is necessary that the significant efforts should be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery. In this project an attempt has been made to utilize waste heat from condenser of vapour compression refrigerator. This heat can be used for various household and industrial purposes. In this project we are going to keep our condenser in the flow of water instead of atmospheric air. Condenser will reject heat energy to flowing water so that temperature of water will increases up to certain notable amount and this hot water can be used for different domestic as well as industrial applications. For the purpose of flow of water, a compartment is used from which the condenser coils will passes. This compartment with an arrangement of condenser coils that will work as a heat exchanger for extraction of waste heat. These coils of condenser of refrigerator that will be modified and will put in the container can serve the purpose of geyser.

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Tool Condition Monitoring using Machine Learning Approach[ ]


The continuous monitoring of the machine tool is required to obtain consistent performance of the machine tool. The machine tool wear/ breakage lead to deterioration of machining accuracy, poor quality and variation in product dimension. Developing and implementing real time monitoring on–board diagnostic system is essential. To take online decision about machine tool condition monitoring, the implementation of on board/Real time health monitoring system is need of the hour. The aim of this project is to implement real time health monitoring system for multipoint cutting tool of Vertical Machine Center using Machine Learning Approach. The significantly affecting parameters on tool condition monitoring, sensing technique and sensors are selected from the literature. The experiments are conducted to obtain the data from defect free and defective samples through DAQ system using sensor and FFT analyzer. The features are extracted from acquired signals using signal processing techniques such as time and frequency domain analysis methods. whereas features are selected using Pearson correlation or Taguchi orthogonal array method. The tool condition monitoring provides a better health condition, promises higher productivity reduced maintenance cost saving idle time, enhancing tool and machine life.

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Experimentation and Fabrication of a Thermoelectric Water Dispenser[ ]


The recent rise in the environmentally harmful pollution has given rise to scientific study on different fields that would give us the idea of saving the planet earth to some extent. The refrigerant used in convectional systems is one of the most alarming things of all. The emission of CFC’s has given a rise to the depletion of ozone hence harming our eco-system as we speak. This research aims to reduce the use of refrigerant by an alternative system usage. The convectional refrigerant can be exchanged for a thermoelectric peltier module that can also generate Cooling. Literature survey carried out led to problem statement that the refrigeration time would be terribly high but the cooling would be effective. Hence the aim was to experimentally analyze the performance of thermoelectric module by putting it into an application that would render useful for recent years to come.

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Fabrication of Loop Wheel System[ ]


A Loop wheel is a wheel with integral suspension, designed for better shock-absorbing performance and greater comfort. Loop wheels give you a smoother ride.They are more comfortable than standard wheels: the carbon springs absorb tiring vibration, as well as bumps and shocks. They’re extremely strong and durable.Loop wheel springs are made from a composite material, carefully developed to give optimum compression and lateral stability as well as strength and durability. Specially-designed connectors attach the springs to the hub and rim. The three loops in each wheel work together as a self-correcting system. This spring system between the hub and the rim of the wheel provides suspension that constantly adjusts to uneven terrain – cushioning the rider from bumps and potholes in the road. In effect, the hub floats within the rim, adjusting constantly as shocks from an uneven road hit the rim of the wheel. The spring configuration allows the torque to be transferred smoothly between the hub and the rim.

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Design, Development and Analysis of Ornithopters[ ]


Ornithopters, biomimetic systems that utilize flapping wing flight to generate lift, are a growing field of robotics. Large scale ornithopters have several real world applications, including payload carrying and transport. Although these bio-inspired robots are of particular interest, there are currently no successful large scale hovering ornithopters in existence over 2 kilograms. This project developed a prediction and validation system that can effectively guide, examine, and validate ornithopters prototype designs. The development of flapping wing utilizes a combination of two things, biologically inspired design and incorporation of composite material. The ornithopter has imitated the wing structure as a basic concept of aerodynamics and kinematics. Hence, study and analysis of aerodynamics of bird and insect has been carried out. The main objectives of this project are, to create an ornithopter with best available flapping using kinematic arrangement and to attain crash resistance power by building the ornithopter with suitable material. In particular, by using customizable input variables of angle of attack, crank speed, and wing size, the projected lift force, flapping frequency, and power requirements of the prototype could be determined. A Two-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic study is administered on an oscillating flat plate at various flow situations so as to realize insight on the flow field and forces acting on a generic flapping wing in a viscous flow within a certain flying conditions and static structural analysis on frame of ornithopters for various forces acting on it.

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The Comparative AnalysisOf ANSYS And SHPB On Compression Loading.[ ]


The main focus of this work was to design a Split Hopkinson Bar apparatus to determine the dynamic compressive behavior of Gray Cast Iron. In the split Hopkinson bar test, a short barrel shaped specimen is sandwiched between two long bars. The bars are by and large made of gentle steel with distances across 20mm and a length 1500mm.The finishes of the weight bars and specimen are machined level to implement recommended limit conditions. Huge headways executed from the ranges of testing strategies, numerical techniques, and sign preparing have enhanced the exactness and repeatability of high strain rate testing.Mechanical structures undergo a wide range of loading conditions. Structures can be loaded statically or dynamically with a wide range of strain rates. With impact loading or high strain rates the relationships between stress and strain are not the same as in static loading. It has been observed that material properties are dependent upon the rate at which they are tested. Many investigators have studied the effect of high compressive strain rate loading conditions, in metals. The most common method for determining the dynamic response of materials is the Split Hopkinson bar.

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Improving the cooling performance of automobile radiator with ethylene glycol water based nanofluids[ ]


Inthispaper,theperformanceofethyleneglycolandwaterbasedTiO2nano?uidsasanautomobileradiatorcoolant is determined experimentally. Forced convective heat transfer coef?cient of TiO2 nano?uids has been measured and compared with the data of base ?uid in an automobile radiator.Nano?uidswerepreparedtaking40%ethyleneglycoland60%waterwi the volume concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% of TiO2 nanopowder. All the experiments were conducted in the range of Reynoldsnumbersfrom4000to15,000.Inalltheexperiments the nano?uids made to ?ow through the radiator tubes with elliptical cross section and air?ows with constant speed in the crosswise direction in between the tubes of a tube bundle. Results demonstrate that increasing the ?uid circulation rate can improve the heat transfer performance while the ?uid inlet temperature to the radiator has little or no effect. Nano?uids investigated in the present work with low concentrations enhanced the heat transfer rate up to 37% in comparison with base ?uid. The results of the investigation are presented graphically in terms of non-dimensional heat transfer coef?cient as a function of volume concentration, temperature and ?owrate.

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Study on Biomechanics of Human Body Motion[ ]


Central nervous system is one of the most intricate part in nature, however it plays a key role in day to day life. The motion executed by commands given by central nervous system are very precise. Today’s technology is no match for CNS due to its agility, accuracy, ability to adapt to environment and quick decision making. This seminar deals with the model and the methods of computation, biomechanical analysis of human movement in real-time using inverse kinematic and dynamic analysis of muscle. Also deals with the force estimation technique, Sensors to estimate movement and forces. We use motion trackers to generate a record motion and further create a motion generating algorithm. This algorithm may help us to improve the machines. But no computational model has yet made it possible to generate an algorithm that is even close to CNS in terms of accuracy, agility and adaptability. Using various sensors, we synthesize a model to estimate its kinematics and dynamics and use various concepts of physics to compile the collected and calculated data. Hence helping us to select correct criteria for the synthesis of movement.

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Experimental analysis of Electro Hydraulic Active Suspension System for Commercial Vehicle.[ ]


The purpose of the suspension in a vehicle is to keep the tires in contact with the road and to prevent the shocks from the roads. Adjustable Variable damping suspension is an automotive technology that controls the vertical movement of the wheels with an automated system rather than the movement being determined entirely by the condition of the road surface. The system attempts to minimize the body roll and pitch variation in many driving situations including cornering, accelerating, and braking. This technology allows vehicle to achieve a greater degree of ride comfort and maneuver by keeping the wheels perpendicular to the road in corners, allowing better traction and control. This paper proposes an electro hydraulic active suspension system which overcome the limitations of passive suspension. This paper also illustrates the experimental results for variable damping. The theoretical and experimental results are validated.

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Automatic guided vehicle for medium load carrying capacity[ ]


Automatic guided vehicles (AGV’s) is a mobile machine that can detect and follow the line drawn on the floor.Generally, the path is predefined and can be either visible like a black line on a white surface or it can be invisible like a magnetic field.Therefore, this kind of Robot will sense the line with its Infrared Ray (IR) sensors that installed under the robot and perform the given task like carrying load and transferring the load from point A to B

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Prediction of Surface Roughness for Aluminium 6053 alloyusing Soft Computing Techniques[ ]


Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology are used to develop predicted values and are verified using regression coefficient. The machining depends on the three fundamental parameters i.e. Speed, Feed and the Depth of cut made, so here an array is obtained using the Minitab software. In this paper an attempt is made to compare various methods to predict the surface roughness of al 6053 alloy. The ANN model is modelled using Multilayer Perceptron Network for nonlinear mapping between the input and output parameters..From the results it is seen that ANN predicted values are close to the experimental values indicates that the developed model can be effectively used to predict the Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness of 6053 alloy.

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AUTOMATIC HUMIDITY CONTROL OF HYGROSCOPIC AIR WITH AHU[ ]


The viable solution to the high latent load that naturally occurs in tropical regions requires an alternative system that runs at relatively low energy consumption yet be able to provide indoor thermal comfort by e?ective handling of the excessive humidity. Although the existing outdoor air treatment system is a proven approach, it is unpopular in developing countries due to its high initial cost. In this paper, a new system termed Dual Air Handling Unit system is proposed to be the answer. The function of Humidity-control Air Handling Unit is to remove the moisture from the conditioned room up to the desired humidity level and in the process the room temperature is also fractionally reduced. The Temperature-control Air Handling Unit completes the task by removing the remaining sensible heat so that the room temperature is maintained at the required set-point. By reducing the relative humidity to 50%, a much lower value than that of the normal air-conditioning could o?er, room temperature of the new system is shifted higher to 26 °C in order to reduce the energy consumption. The simulation result shows that the proposed system o?ers energy savings up to 13.2% compared to the conventional air-conditioning system, without compromising the thermal comfort of the occupants.

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Effect of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes On Strength of Single Lap Joint[ ]


The average shear strength and elongation at failure of adhesively bonded single lap joints (SLJs) were studied when different weight percentage of nanoparticles i.e. multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were added to the adhesive. The overlap length of the SLJ is varied to further study the effect on strength. This study takes in consideration Aluminium 6082 T6 with adhesive AV 138.

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Thumb based horn system on steering wheel[ ]


With the rise in total fatalities on the road and with increase in number of vehicles every day, the need for communication between vehicles before collision has never been this important. The time before collision is often not utilized to communicate promptly. Thumb based horn system on steering wheel utilizes this crucial time during critical emergency situations. Horn is the most easily understood method of communication on Indian Roads. The travel of hand to apply horn on airbag is reduced by providing horn on the steering wheel thumb contour. This saves crucial time during emergency situations and helps in prompt communication. This not only provides safety but also a convenience feature to driver especially in city traffic situation. A steering Wheel with both Honking arrangements was manufactured and time required to honk was calculated. The time required to honk with thumb based horn system was less than time required for honk with airbag. This is a significant time and can help drivers to take appropriate decision during emergency situations. With this provision of thumb based horn becoming common on passenger cars it will help in reducing fatalities, accidents on Indian roads.

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Preparation of Nanoparticles:A recapitulation on preparation of nanoparticles[ ]


Unexpected changes in surface properties in light of molecule size have made nanoparticles exceptionally famous in the ?eld of material science. Diminishing in molecule size to nano-size shows impossible to miss and improved properties, for example, molecule size dispersion and morphology. This unmistakable change in speci?c surface region is answerable for its high worth and a?ects basic parameters like surface reactivity. Utilization of nanoparticles in different ?eldslike energy, medicines, and nutrition has tremendously increased nowadays. In pharmaceutical and therapeutic sciences, nanoparticles are assuming a basic job. A few methodologies are utilized for the arrangement of the metallic nanoparticles, which is ordered into two principle types on as base up techniques and top-down strategies relying upon beginning material of nanoparticle readiness. Certain metals have particular properties like antimicrobial property of gold and silver. Metal particles, for example, gold are broadly utilized from antiquated time for the medicine and Ayurvedic arrangements in India and China. The utilization of metal nanoparticles is consistently expanding worldwide in biomedicine and associated disciplines. These days scientists are concentrating on metal nanoparticles, nanostructures and nanomaterial union on account of their obvious properties. The present survey specifically centers around di?erent techniques for nanoparticle arrangements and its focal points, detriments, and applications.

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Design and Development of Automatic Handbrake System for Four Wheeler [ ]


Safety in automobile is most important parameter on which every car user concentrate. Researchers also put efforts to increase safety in car. Handbrake (or parking brake) is one of the system in vehicle, which incorporated for safety when the car is parked or stopped on hill road, to stop the car. It is also essential in this system is that, when the car moves hand brake system must disengage. Conventional handbrake system has a hand lever for control which works manually. In this system due to manual errors, it is observed that the system may remain engaged when car is moving. And it is harmful to system components and for safety also. Our aim is to increase the safety by using modified parking brake system named as Automatic Handbrake engagement and release system. In this modified system, we are going to control Handbrake automatically without manual interface. This system works on the input by ignition key position. As when the ignition switch turned ON, handbrake must disengage and vice versa when ignition switch is OFF, handbrake must engage. System may work electro-pneumatically using solenoid and pneumatic circuits.

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Hybrid Waterways Cleaner[ ]


Hybrid Waterways Cleaner, fundamentally a river cleaning machine, which incorporates the advantageous mechanisms of other different machines into one. This paper presents a detailed study on the study of these mechanisms, their relevant details and working parameters, and the methods adopted to combine these mechanisms into one machine. The key is identifying and categorizing the types of detritus found in different waterways, selecting some particular type of detritus that could be cleaned, and then selecting a set of mechanisms to achieve the cleaning. The dimensions are decided on a trial and error basis and a relevant simplified CAD model of the boat, arm, and bucket system, and Belt drivedesign is made. This project emphasis on design and fabrication of the river waste cleaning machine. The main fundamental mechanism consists of a conveyor belt with a vibration system, water releasing mechanism, gating mechanism, dumper mechanism, and hydraulic crushing system. This innovation is easy, less costly, and has a lot of room to grow more economical. This project “Hybrid Waterways Cleaner”, designed with the hope that it is very much economical and helpful to river and Pond cleaning. Based on its design, cost, and availability of its parts, it is very cheap and useful for our Indian society.

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Experimental Study on Impact of Temperature Variations in CNC Milling, During Dry Machining and Wet Machining For Al and CI Material[ ]


The study of heat has become prominent in metal cutting as it has very critical influence on machining processes. Any machining process involves three basic elements viz., chip, tool and workpiece. Heat developed among these three elements is vital and may cause considerable effect in the machining performance. The heat is generated due to several factors among which friction between the tool and the chip is one of the reasons. The effect of heat generation can be viewed in two forms, one from the workpiece and another form the cutting tool. In this paper a review has been done on the various sources of heat generation and its considerable effects on the life of cutting tool and the quality of the machined part. A study has also been conducted on the temperature distribution on the different regions. Generation of heat can be controlled by various machining parameters and cutting tool geometry, this paper also focuses on various factors that influences on the temperature generation. Although any amount of heat can be generated during machining, the determination of cutting temperature is also one of the important factors. A review is also done on various measurement techniques of cutting temperature. For the betterment of the machining, the perspective of heat generation in metal cutting is a prominent factor.

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An Innovative Technique to Make our Highways More Green Using VAWT as A Renewable Energy Source[ ]


The work mainly focused on the utilization of maximum renewable sources for green highway missions and the design of portable vertical axis wind turbines to produce electrical energy in a very simple way. In this, the shaft of VAWT will rotate using the blades which will rotate by the wind draft or pressure thrust created by moving vehicles on the highway to produce electrical energy. The main focus is on to reduce the amount which produce pollution by burning of fossil fuels to produce electricity by introducing clean potential energy source.Whenever the automobiles move from highways or expressways, there is a creation of pressure band on both the sides of the highways. This pressure band is created due to the imbalance of high-pressure and low-pressure energy band created by the movingvehicles. Due to this generated pressure band wind flow and create pressure thrust. The pressure thrust is sufficient to generate electricity through a designed vertical axis wind turbine

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Adhesively Bonded Single Lap Joints With Hole & Pillar Interface. [ ]


A continuous investigation and experimentation are carried out to study the behavior of single-lap adhesive bonded joint by proposing different ideas with geometrical perspective to improve the performance. For example, wavy sinusoid, reverse bent, a pattern generated, non-flat zigzag adherend generated, by introducing micromachining, etc. This work is an attempt to present a new design concept for single lap joint with hole and pillar arrangement at the interface of a thick adherend to improve joint strength by reducing peel stress at overlap end. The performance of pillar and hole generated single lap joint has been investigated numerically and experimentally. A parametric study was carried out by varying diameter of hole/pillar and distance from the centre of the overlapping area. Single lap joint was manufactured by using ductile (2015) and brittle adhesive (AV138).The experimental results showed that the interface hole and pillar can considerably influence the adhesive joint strength and this was in correlation with the numerical results obtained from finite element analysis.

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Weighted Sum Model (WSM) based Selection of Battery in Electric Vehicle[ ]


Battery-powered electrical Vehicles area unit beginning to perform a significant role in the automobile sector. There exist many categories about batteries discovered in this development in electrical vehicles, for which to determine the fulfills most beneficial essential features, from totally various perspectives, like energy storage efficiency, valuable characteristics, expense amount, and protection. This study confers the liberty of an electrical Vehicle employs 4 different varieties of batteries: lithium-ion (Li-Ion), Lead Acid, Nickel Metal hydride (Ni-MH), and Nickel-cadmium (Ni-CD), all of them should continuous electrical energy storage capacity. Since the battery area a very important role in the completion of an electric vehicle, so it is required to find out the most beneficial or optimal performance of the batteries with the list specifying. So by using the WSM method we found that the ranking status for the battery for Lead-acid is second, for Nickel-cadmium (Ni-CD) is third, Nickel-Metal hydride (Ni-MH) is fourth and for Lithium-ion is first.

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Oscillating fan system for electronic cooling applications[ ]


The cooling fans used in today’s electronic devices are rotating fan type. This type of cooling device will not cool the centre portion of the heat sink. Usually heat sinks have linear air flow channel. Hence the air flow generated by rotary fans cannot cool the system effectively. To overcome the drawbacks of the existing rotating type fan, a prototype model of swinging fan cooling device is fabricated and its performance is studied.It operates quite differently from rotary fans as it generates air flow due to swinging action of blades.Oscillating action of the blades is obtained by using magnetic relay. The relay gets magnetized and demagnetized at specific time intervals with correspondence to the electric supply. The time interval is controlled by IC 555 timer circuit. Due to this, blades attached with the relay swings up and down which causes air flow. Thus, the heat sink which is mounted on the heat source gets cooled by the flow of air. The performance is studied at different blade orientations. Also, the power consumption, operating frequency and vibration amplitudes are also discussed subsequently.

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The Performance Comparison of the Experimental Study of Indirect Evaporative Cooler with Direct Evaporative Cooler[ ]


The evaporative cooling is environment friendly and efficient method of air condition. The efficiency of the evaporative cooling system is depending on the reduction in the outlet air dry bulb temperature, and will increase as the outside temperature increases. The efficiency is also depending on the reduction in outside air relative humidity. Due to higher relative humidity, its uncomfortable in certain localities due to heat and mass exchanging in direct evaporative cooling. In such hot and humid areas indirect evaporative cooler can provide the comfort conditions. Whereas the indirect and direct evaporative cooler combination can provide comfort conditions in the areas where alone direct evaporative cooler is not able to provide comfort conditions. In this paper, the results obtained by experimentation on the indirect evaporative cooler and the results from the literature only for the direct evaporative cooling are compared. The various performance parameters are inlet and outlet dry bulb temperature, change in relative humidity, cooling capacity and effectiveness.

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Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Hardness and Microstructure of Cemented Carbide Insert [ ]


The cutting tool is an most important part used in machining industries for the production of finished products. In previous days at the start of twentinth century the life of cutting tools is increased by conventional heating process of decarburizing, annealing, aging, quenching and tempering.Todays industries are facing challenges of accomplishing high quality of final products with dimensional accuracy, surface finish and higher production rate to sustain in a very compatetive market. This leads to use of tools of newely developed material with higher mechanical properties, so it is therefore necessary to check their sustainability with continuous machining resulting higher process temperature. Nowadays cemented carbide which is a combination of tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co) is commonly used in every machining industry due to advanced properties. Many researchers have tried to improve the properties of cemented carbide insert by coating process via CVD and PVD coating. This paper deals with improvement in mechanical properties and related microstructral changes in tool by subjecting it to sub zero treatment known as cryogenic treatment. From the results it can be concluded that the hardness of cemented carbide insert is improved due to conversion of retained austenite into martensite and refinement of grain size which is responsible for improvement in wear resistance.

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Experimental testing and CFD simulation of Existing Automotive Muffler[ ]


With the rise in total fatalities on the road and with increase in number of vehicles every day, the need for communication between vehicles before collision has never been this important. The time before collision is often not utilized to communicate promptly. Thumb based horn system on steering wheel utilizes this crucial time during critical emergency situations. Horn is the most easily understood method of communication on Indian Roads. The travel of hand to apply horn on airbag is reduced by providing horn on the steering wheel thumb contour. This saves crucial time during emergency situations and helps in prompt communication. This not only provides safety but also a convenience feature to driver especially in city traffic situation. A steering Wheel with both Honking arrangements was manufactured and time required to honk was calculated. The time required to honk with thumb based horn system was less than time required for honk with airbag. This is a significant time and can help drivers to take appropriate decision during emergency situations. With this provision of thumb based horn becoming common on passenger cars it will help in reducing fatalities, accidents on Indian roads

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Design & Analysis of Electronically Controlled Self-locking Differential Gear Box[ ]


The engine, clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and simple differential are being used from the last 130 years have some limitations as today's lifestyle is 130 years ahead of that system. Generally, some limitations regarding differential can be observed such as one or both wheels of drive system lifted, on a slippery track, stuck into mud or stuck to obstacle then, vehicle struggles to move further. In said situations rate of failure to overcome the problem is very high in conventional as well as some of the modern differentials. Hence there comes a need for a differential that can counter the above-mentioned issues along with providing different speeds at the rear axles and providing proper traction control. The 3D CAD model of our project will be drawn with the help of CATIA software, for analysis, we will be using Ansys v18.0. All the components which are required for our project will be manufactured. After the manufacturing of the components assembly will be done. The experimental testing will be carried out and then the result and conclusion will be drawn.

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