NCTS 2017- National Conference on Technology & Science

"NCTS 2017 Conference Papers "

A Two Layer Frequency Selective Surface for Dual Band Applications[ ]


This paper deals with the theoretical investigation on size reduction and bandwidth enhancement of a two layer frequency selective surface (FSS). Two single layer FSS arein cascade arrangement with an air gap of 10 mm. The composit structure exhibits a size reduction of 88%. Over more the low profile FSS with unit cell dimension 22 mm× 22mm provides dual stop band response below -10 dB at 3.43 GHz and 6.76GHz with 31.62% and 41.63% of bandwidth respectively. As the proposed design of unit cell arrangement is symmetrical about X and Y axis of the design plane, the response is independent on 90 degree polarization.

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Design of a Curved FSS providing stable response with variation of incident angles[ ]


In this paper transmission responses of a band pass cylindrical Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs) at various incident angles are investigated using Method of Moment( MOM) based software. Circular slots are used to design the FSSs. The dielectric substrate is considered as air. In case of circular slot type curved FSS when periodic distance between two elements is 28mm, stable response has been achieved for 0 degree, 15degree, 30 degree and 45 degree incident angle. Theoretical investigations have been done by FEKO simulator.

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Effect of Increment of Slit on Compactness of Frequency Selective Surfaces[ ]


This paper presents an investigation on the effect of change of dimension of slit on compactness of a frequency selective surface. Initially a square shaped patch is selected with a certain periodicity. For the purpose of experiment, a slit is introduced in the patch and the slit dimension is varied in different models keeping the periodicity constant. A compactness of approximately 92% is achieved in the final modification. The various models are simulated using the Ansoft Nexxim software. The simulated results along with the models are given in this paper.

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Enhancement of Bandwidth of a Microstrip Antenna using Modified Radiating and Ground Planes[ ]


Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks like low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3% - 6%), low gain. But due to their low cost, low profile, light weight, manufacturing simplicity and ease of implementation, microstrip patch antennas are widely used in various types of applications in communication systems. This paper presents the enhancement of bandwidth of microstrip patch antenna using multiple numbers of slots on patch and ground plane. The antenna has been designed on FR4 substrate with dimension 20mm x 20mm having dielectric constant 4.4 and height h=1.6mm. The operating frequency band of designed microstrip patch antenna is 4.06GHz - 5.26GHz with 27.97% bandwidth across resonance frequency at 4.29GHz and the Gain at resonance is 1.26dBi. The antenna is fed by 50Ω coaxial line. The proposed configuration is simulated and analyzed using Ansoft Designer Nexxim Version 2.2.

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Investigation on a Dual band Compact Microstrip Antenna[ ]


This article presents the design of a microstrip antenna with circular radiating patch and rectangular slot loaded square ground plane. The antenna without slot resonates at 8.35 GHz frequency and after loading the slots on the ground plane resonates at 1.4 GHz and 9.65 GHz frequencies. 97% compactness has been achieved with respect to the reference antenna. Around 2dBi gain has been obtained. The antenna exhibits good Omni directional 2D and 3D radiation patterns. Simulation is done using Ansoft Designer Software.

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Mind Controlled Automation System with EEG[ ]


Bio potentials generated from brain is known as EEG signal. Electroencephalogram or EEG signals are related to the electrical activity of our brain and it tracks the brain wave pattern. Our brains generate 16 different amounts of voltage signals at different states of our mind. There are different mind states like Concentration, Meditation, Attention and etc. Our project is mainly focused on measuring the Concentration, Meditation and Attention level using Neurosky Mindwave. Using LabVIEW programming we are able to manipulate those signals levels of concentration, meditation and attention to control electronic devices.

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Development of an Intruder Detection Technique Using LDR[ ]


Burglary is one of the biggest issues in today’s life. To resolve this issue a circuit has been implemented using LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) and few resistances. Many incidents of theft and burglary took place in Kolkata and many other cities. As a solution of this problem the circuit is implemented. Whenever an intruder will break into the house the buzzer alarm will alert the neighbours.

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Design of a Stress Detection Mechanism using ECG[ ]


We all know that nowadays stress of all the normal human being. Whatever works and activity we do in our day to day life ether physical and mental both creates a by-product known as stress. In this project we are trying to build a system that could encounter the level of stress produced by a person by using signal which is generated by the heart of a human being. As we know that the heart is one of the sensitive parts of our body. So Electro Cardiogram (ECG) is used in this project. First of all we have acquired the ECG signal from the person, then it is analyze by the system and we have tried to display the level of stress.

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Formation of Protein Micro-Spherulites: Thermal Aggregation of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin with Metal Ions[ ]


The aggregation of protein is quite relevant to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Metal ion plays an accelerating role in the aggregation process. In this work, some metal ions have been chosen to study their influences on the conformation and aggregation processes of bovine β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) at equimolar ratio under thermal condition. Fe3+ ion causes a drastic perturbation of the conformation of native β-lg. Other metal ions, like Na+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Al3+, merely affect the structure of β-lg except quenching of tryptophan fluorescence intensities. Fe3+ also influences the secondary structure of β-lg, probably by the formation of Fe3+-β-lg complex which has been proposed with the spectroscopic evidences. The Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions trigger the formation of β-lg aggregates as evidenced by turbidity measurements. Formations of aggregate were identified by PAGE and SDS-PAGE studies. Thioflavin-T (Th-T) assay shows that both the Cu2+-β-lg and Zn2+-β-lg aggregates are fibrillar in nature. High resolution TEM images also reveal the existence of three dimensional nano- cluster with abundant nano-cavities in the Cu2+-β-lg and Zn2+-β-lg aggregates even at such a lower protein concentration (< 2mg mL-1). The morphologic patterns, evidenced by the SEM images, reveal that Zn2+ form larger spherulitic oligomer/aggregates than Cu2+ ion at a fixed temperature. Fe3+ also forms small aggregates with smaller dimension than those formed by Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions. Thus it is the chemical nature of the metal ions rather than the charge factor dominates in the process of aggregation and the pattern of protein aggregates.

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Equivalent Model of p53 pathway using Boolean Network[ ]


A Boolean network model is designed to represent the p53 gene regulation and simulate the model response .Digital logic gates are used to realized the model of p53 pathway in CIRCUIT LOGIX environment. The model responeses truly reflect the core regulation of p53 gene.

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A Review on Mobile Ad Hoc Network and its Routing Protocols[ ]


Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networking in which mobile nodes are associated with ad hoc basis means the network can be established for a particular purpose as necessary. MANETs are both self-forming and self-healing enabling communication between mobile nodes without centralized or fixed infrastructure, since setting up a fixed infrastructure is not always easier especially in disaster area or in war zone. This paper aims at studying details about MANET and the different routing protocols used in MANET as well as how it differs from a cellular network and also merits and demerits of the protocols.

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Designing Over-Current Relay Logic in MATLAB[ ]


Relays are being utilized for secure, reliable and convenient operation of power system. The Over-Current relay is widely used in the power system for protection of short circuit or wrong setting of system to the prespecified value. Erroneous setting of Over-Current relay in the power system causes difficulties in sending the trip signal. So it must be connected carefully in the power system. Therefore, it is important to accredit the setting of power protection equipment. This paper describes modeling of Over-Current relay logic to protect distribution system using Matlab/Simulink package. Sim Power System toolbox was used for detailed modeling of Over-Current relay, transmission line and fault simulation.

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Design and Analysis of Ternary Logic Gates and Combinational Circuits in 180nm CMOS[ ]


The multi-value logic system specifically the ternary logic system can be a good alternative in processing of digital signals and high speed data transfer in optical communication based systems. This paper presents design, implementation and analysis of Ternary logic gates and combinational circuits have been validated using Tanner EDA tool .We have developed a simplified ternary multiplexer and decoder circuit that accounts for a intermediate voltage level. The power dissipation, waveform and transient delay analysis of ternary logic gates and combinational circuits have been presented in detail.

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A Brief Study To Cloud[ ]


Cloud Computing is a versatile technology that can support a broad-spectrum of applications. The low cost of cloud computing and its dynamic scaling renders it an innovation driver for small companies, particularly in the developing world. Cloud deployed enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management applications (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM) applications, medical applications and mobile applications have potential to reach millions of users. In this paper, we explore the different concepts involved in cloud computing. Leveraging our experiences on various clouds, we examine clouds from technical, and service aspects. We highlight some of the opportunities in cloud computing, underlining the importance of clouds and showing why that technology must succeed. Finally, we discuss some of the issues that this area should deal with.

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Microcontroller based system for Power factor Control of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor (SCIM)[ ]


Since majority of loads are of inductive nature, that take lagging reactive power which decreases the system power factor, so they require some amount of reactive power supplied by static condensers or by other devices which neutralize (totally or approximately) the lagging reactive power (VAR) only. Thus power factor of a squirrel cage induction motor can be maintained at high value, preferably near unity, in spite of variation of load on the motor, by employing a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) voltage fed inverter controlled by a microcontroller.

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Dynamic Model Analysis of a DC Motor in MATLAB[ ]


In this paper, modeling of a DC motor is performed by using generalized equation in MATLAB and also analysis of its performance through a speed control using Proportional Integral Derivative controller. Basically DC motors have some important application like electric traction, robot manipulators, and industrial applications. Due to the simplicity in operation conventional Proportional Integral Derivative controller is used as a control strategy. Here performance analysis of the modeled DC motor is performed through a speed control by programming in MATLAB using Proportional Integral Derivative controller.

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PI-D and I-PD Controller Design for a Two Loop Lateral Missile Autopilot in Pitch Plane[ ]


The present work is an approach towards designing of the PI-D and I-PD controller for a two loop lateral missile autopilot system of the surface to surface tail controlled missile in pitch plane, characterized by the dynamics involving non-minimum phase zero. An autopilot is an automatic control mechanism for keeping the spacecraft in desired flight path. Conventional tuning method has been implemented for determining the controller tuning constants. Time response and frequency response of the designed autopilot system in pitch plane for a flight condition have been evaluated and the performances are presented. The frequency domain analysis of the designed control system has been carried out by opening the critical points on autopilot loops; the critical gain margin and critical phase margin of the system have been formulated. The effect of aerodynamic parameters variation on the performance of the designed autopilot system has been analyzed by Kharitonov’s theorem. A study on the effect of external disturbance on the designed system has also been carried out in the present work.

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Application of a Programmable Logic Controller in a Paint Prepairing Industry[ ]


This paper is based on application of Programmable Logic Controller for filling paint containers in paint preparing industries. Here Allen-Bradley or Rockwell Programmable Logic Controller (Micrologix 1100A) is used to implement this operation. Programmable Logic Controller is a digital operated electronic system used for automation of typically industrial electromechanical processes. It reduces time and manpower in any industry. After successful implementation of the program by ladder logic, which is used as a programming language, the industrial purpose to fill colours in containers in a paint preparing industry can be achieved.

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Deterioration of aquatic environment by disposal of plastic litter:a review[ ]


This review paper describes the sources of plastic debris found in water bodies and their fatal effects over the aquatic life. Plastic being versatile in properties considered as one of the most important man-made product that has been formed in large quantity and is used worldwide for various purposes in our day to day life. Due to longer life-span and resistance to degradation, most plastic litter which has ever been introduced into the environment still continued to exist. Plastic litter in the marine environment cause detrimental effect on aquatic life through plastic ingestion and entanglement. Most of the aquatic organism engulfs plastic debris as a source of food causing interference in food chain. Finally, suggestion have been recommended to control the amount of plastic entering the marine environment and governments should play an important role in creating public awareness of plastic pollution by introducing regulation over the use of plastic additives to control plastic contamination in marine ecosystems.In addition, new technologies should be adopted to reduce the plastic pollution in marine environment and make it fit for existence of aquatic life.

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Soil Stabilization using Plastic Strips of Varied Sizes by enhancing the Bearing Capacity[ ]


In a country like India where the natality rate is 3 per second, availability of proper land for shelter and clean drinking water is a bizarre demand and hence economic methods are more acceptable than healthier methods which inturn leads to excessive use of chemically manufactured plastics for all kind of day to day activities. The undesirable effects of plastic use which consecutively leads to pollution which must be eliminated or at least reduced. Rapid improvements in the engineering world have influenced a lifestyle of human beings in utmost extends but day to day activities of mankind are augmenting risk in the environment in the same proportion. Plastic wastes have become one of the major problems for the world. The harmful gas which is being produced during manufacturing and burning of plastics leads to carcinogenic pollutants. So, effective consumption of plastic waste in engineering application has become one of the challenging jobs for environmental, geotechnical engineers. Plastic is considered as one of the most hazardous pollutants of environment as it would not decay or can’t be destroyed rather interferes with the decaying of other components. So the only way to reduce these hazards of this non- biodegradable materiel is to use it in different application in engineering field beneficially.With the huge demand of construction render the civil engineers to use the weak lands as construction site after treating the soil medium by different stabilizers. Nowadays the civil engineers are using non-traditional stabilizing agent in ground improvement technique. Application of plastic waste in various forms is one of the emerging area of ground improvement technique. The implementation of plastic waste as stabilizer is economic and eco-friendly.In this paper plastic strips obtained from polythene bags have been used as stabilizer of soil after carrying out a series of tests which is conducted on fiber reinforced soil with varying fiber content and different aspect ratio.A detail analysis of their results depicts that it can be used in the fields effectively and economically as reinforcing materiel. Plastic strips of varying aspect ratio are were mixed randomly with the soil and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) testswere performed. Aspect Ratio is determined by changing its length and width. From the CBR on soil with and without plastic reinforcements it was found that after reinforcement the soil gained its strength appreciably.

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Study the Characteristics of Infrared Based Proximity Sensor Using FM Transmitter[ ]


While parking the car the driver should be more careful because the driver cannot see the back of the car while parking or taking reverse, if there is any obstacle and ran over, it might damage the car. Our project will help the person in the driving seat and give alarm if there is any obstacle or a wall while parking or while driving in reverse. The IR sensor will detect the obstacle with in 100cm, if there is any obstacle it will sense and give information to the tone detector which will enable the LM555 timer to generate a PWM for the audio input of the FM Circuit. The LM555 will generate the pulse which helps to produce audio output from the FM Circuit, so that the driver can understand that there is an obstacle. Here we are building a wireless FM transmitter which uses RF communication to transmit the medium or low power FM signal.

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A Compact UWB Antenna With Dual Band-Notched Characteristics[ ]


We propose a compact planar ultra wideband (UWB) antenna with 5.5/7.4 GHz dual band-notched characteristics. The antenna consists of a circular metal patch and a 50 ohm coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. Two types of simple slots, semicircular and L shaped are cut in the radiating patch to create dual band-notched characteristics at 5.15–5.825 GHz for WLAN and 7.25 - 7.75 GHz for downlink of Xband satellite communication systems. The antenna has a small size of length by width of 40x37 mm2, a stable gain, and a nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern in the entire bandwidth. The proposed antenna is successfully simulated showing broadband matched impedance, stable radiation patterns and constant gain.

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Study of Binary Phase Shift keying (BPSK) And Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) Characteristics through AWGN Channel with Same Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Using MATLAB and SIMULINK[ ]


This paper presents the characteristics of Binary Phase Shift keying (BPSK), and Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) through AWGN channel using same Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in MATLAB. In Digital Communication several modulation techniques are well flourished in the communications field. Selection of a suitable modulation technique for an application depends on many factors like Bit error rate, data rate, design complexity etc. Among all those modulation schemes the two widely used modulation schemes are BPSK and BFSK.These Modulation schemes are used due to low Bit Error Rate (BER) and simplicity in design when compared to other modulation technique.

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STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF LOW POWER TRANSISTOR LEVEL 1-BIT FULL ADDER CELLS AND COMPATISON OF THEIR POWER EFFICIENCIES[ ]


In this paper, different designed adders are studied and analysed. Analysis is based on some simulation parameters like power, delay and power-delay-product (PDP), different technologies, number of transistor. Simulation is done by HSPICE in 0.18μm CMOS Technology at 1.8 V supply voltage. The different circuit designs are studied and evaluated extensively. Simulations of several designs give new information which are applicable for different requirements. Each of these circuits cell exhibits different power consumption, delay and power-delay- product in different VLSI technology. This paper can be said as a library of different full adder circuits that will be beneficial for the circuit designers to pick the full adder cell that satisfied their specific application.

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Design and Simulation of ∏ (Pi) Shape Meta-material in Micro-strip Patch Antenna[ ]


The advancement in the field of micro-strip patch antennas has made great progress in recent years. Compared with conventional antennas, it has more advantages and better prospects. These are lighter in weight, low volume, low cost, low profile, smaller in dimension and ease of fabrication and conformity. Moreover, the micro-strip patch antennas can provide dual and circular polarizations, dual-frequency operation, frequency agility, broad band-width, feed-line flexibility, beam scanning Omni-directional patterning. Metamaterials can be defined as artificial electromagnetic structures based on the assemblies of multiple elements fashioned from composite materials such as metals or plastics and it is basically an infinitely long metal rod at sub wavelength scale, which have the negative permittivity and the negative permeability simultaneously in a specific frequency range. However it enhances the performances of the antenna.

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An alternate approach to economic generation for solving economic load dispatch problem for a multi machine system [ ]


The paper represents an approach for determining the condition of economic generation in a multi machine system. The economic load dispatch (ELD) problem is generally based on the economic generation of the system. Economic generation problem can be solved in best case by equating the ratio of overall cost to generated power i.e. lambda optimization for all generators in the particular system. In this paper, a new technique is incorporated to minimize the iteration of choice of the economic lambda. The primary purpose of the classic optimal generation dispatch problem has always been to minimize the generation cost of the power system, which includes fuel and operational cost. A heuristic algorithm is also introduced here to establish the method more valuable and effective. The described method is also applied on different test systems to explain the application of the algorithm.

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A Review on Ford Fulkerson Graph Algorithm for Maximum Flow[ ]


In the field of Algorithms in Computer Science, Graphs hold a very important position. Many applications commonly used by us require the application of graphs. For example, we may require the concept of graphs in GPS or Google/Yahoo maps for finding the optimal route between two locations or in case of finding the cheapest airfare between two destinations and many other such instances.

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Measurement of Retinal Vascular Tortuosity for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening[ ]


A new supervised method for blood vessel detection in digital retinal image analization .Tortuous arteries and veins are commonly observed in humans and animals. While mild tortuosity is asymptomatic, severe tortuosity can lead to ischemic attack in distal organs. Tortuosity of retinal blood vessels is an important symptom of diabetic retinopathy (DR) or retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Measurement of blood vessel tortuosity is a useful capability for automatic ophthalmological diagnostic tools. Screening of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), a disease of eye that affects premature infants, for example, depends crucially on automatic tortuosity evaluation. Quite a few techniques for tortuosity measurement and classification have been proposed, but they do not always match the clinical concept of tortuosity. In this paper, we propose the alternative method of automatic tortuosity measurement for retinal blood vessels, an automatic image based method for measuring single vessel and vessel network tortuosity of these vessels.

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Footstep Voltage Generator using Piezo-Electric Transducers[ ]


In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply running on the train in the foot step. Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using foot step needs no fuel input power to generate the output of the electrical power. This project uses simple drive mechanism.

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STUDYING AND OVERCOMING THE PROBLEMS IN PRODUCTION, IN A SMALL SCALE INJECTION MOULDING COMPANY[ ]


Increasing the productivity of an industry requires detailed study of the industrial processes and focusing on the key factors where prevention or improvement can be implemented with a verified study. This project was carried out to detect the failure of highest frequency,find its cause,provide a solution, implement it and finally test it. Every step,study and implementation has been made by prioritizing reduction of production cost, increasing customer fulfillment and hence, no considerations were made to the quality factors.

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SMART HOME TECHNOLOGY[ ]


Generally , when the electrical equipment is plugged in but it is not in use , there still has the flow of electricity .That means we will lose the electrical energy about five to ten percent of regular usage and moreover that may also be cause of many accident such as the conflagration from electrical short circuit. We can relate the circumstance to the advancement of smart home technology

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A PROPOSED MODEL OF A SMART LIBRARY AT CIT[ ]


It is a technical paper based on the technology of IoT. The Internet of Things (IoT) which connects millions and millions of devices within seconds using computer vision, artificial intelligence, sensors, and deep learning algorithms. Internet connects people to people whereas IoT connects Things. In this paper, we present an overview on how we can transform our manual operated library to automated library, which would make a better future of our institute. Proposing a model of a smart library for this institute has been put up in this paper.

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Study the Characteristics of Robust PID Controller for Time Delay System[ ]


In practical field like engineering, biological and other control systems, which deals with a robust PID controller, time delay is always kept in consideration. While controlling a process various uncertainties may arise, which can be resolved by using a feedback system to obtain a desired result. Due to application of several Sensors & Transducers, time delay may occur which reduces the performance of the system. The time delay may be also generated due to communication delay of various parts of system. System oscillation or instability may arise in the applied system due to time delays generated in the controllers, which may cause uncertainties in the system.

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Study and Comparision of GSM Based Smoke Detection and Temperature Monitoring System using Microcontroller AT89S52 and Arduino[ ]


In our daily life as security and automation is the prime concern, so the approach to home and industrial automation and security system design is almost standardized nowadays. In this paper, an advanced smoke detection and temperature monitoring system is designed to detect fire or its manifestations such as smoke, light, heat etc. These monitoring systems are basically based on Microcontroller AT89S52 or Arduino. Smoke sensors, heat sensors, proximity sensors and gas sensors are used as common components for both the devices.

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Study on dependency of resonant frequency of a frequency selective structure on periodicity[ ]


The paper presents the investigation regarding the dependency of resonant frequency of a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) having square patches, on the periodicity. We have done theoretical study on a FSS having patches of dimension 7.5 mm × 7.5 mm but different periodicity values, using Electromagnetic Simulation Software Ansoft Designer version 2.0.

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RFID BASED SECURITY SYSTEM USING ARDUINO MODULE[ ]


There has been rising demand for securesystem that must be dependable and quick respond for the industries and company. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is one of the consistent and fast means of identify the material object. In the long-ago the barcode’s are more preferable as compared to RFID because of their cost but now a day’s RFID are easily available and are more convenient to use. Research has made some drastic changes which makes its programming a lot shorter and easier is because of replacing microcontroller with arduino. Arduino makes the circuit and programming a lot easier to understand. Paper is based upon security access using RFID and Arduino module.

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WHAT IS DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER[ ]


One of the most challenging problem in Physics. Recent research work suggest that the whole universe is expanding in an accelerated frame. What causes this acceleration? Dark energy explains the cause behind that.

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Interorganizational Networks under Leadership[ ]


Interorganizational networks are difficult to manage. It is well known that managing interorganizational networks is an inherently difficult task and by no means an easy option. Researchers of business alliances estimate that more than 50% of alliances fail, and Researchers have identified time and time again how collaboration often succumbs to problems and conflict. Networks are difficult to manage because they are complex. Researchers suggest that failures and the difficulty in managing interorganizational sets arise due to their managerial complexity and the dynamic and ambiguous nature of collaborations.

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