NCSMWM-2019- National Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing & Waste Management

"NCSMWM 2019 Conference Papers "

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Pet Washing Machine[ ]


The project is based on manufacturing of Pet washingmachine. Here in this report design and development of dog washing machine is present. Hygiene of dog is matter of issue in our society as a result of which many diseases are spreading within the animal and the society. The dog owners find it difficult to wash their dogs properly because of which many skin diseases may find their way to the specie.The project emphasizes on proper cleaning of dogs without any manualeffort. It is a dog friendly machine that allows them to relax and enjoy the bath.

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Performance Evaluation of High-Rise Building with Reinforced Concrete Flag walls under Seismic Load[ ]


There has been a considerable rise in the development of high rise buildings in our country mostly in the metropolitan cities such as Delhi and Mumbai. Usable land restriction for construction and rise in population in the cities are the main problems. It is very challenging for structural engineers in designing the tall structure. Tall structures are very critical to the lateral dynamic loads such as wind and earthquake load. To resist such lateral loads many lateral resisting systems are developed. One such interior lateral load resisting system is an outrigger system. But usage of conventional outrigger system involves trusses in the mechanical floors and thus reducing the usable rentable space. Hence a new alternative, flag walls (RC walls not reaching foundation) can be used as they save the space used by outrigger trusses. The main objective of this paper is to study the behavior of flag wall systems and conventional system of a 65-storey three dimensional model subjected to dynamic earthquake load using response spectrum analysis. The analysis is done by using ETABS (Version.2016) software with Indian standards codal provisions for all the models. The results show that, flag system has a significant effect in reduction of lateral displacement and storey drift of tall buildings

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Minimization of surface roughness by waterjet cutting of AL7075-T6[ ]


Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is a non-conventional machining process capable of the machine-wide range of difficult-to-cut materials such as ceramics, alloys, composite materials, etc. This paper investigates the effect of various process parameters on surface roughness which is important performance measures in abrasive waterjet machining. The variable process parameters considered here include traverse speed, stand-off distance and abrasive flow rate. Experiments were conducted by varying these parameters for cutting Al 7075T6 alloy using abrasive waterjet machining process. The paper divided each parameter in four levels. Lower- the-better formula helped us to calculate S/N ratio values. Each parameter has achieved one optimal solution. In taguchi method, the greater S/N ratio means the better performance. The optimum condition represents the combination of machining parameter levels that is expected to produce the best performance. The average S/N ratio for each factor level shows the possible effects of the various factors on the quality characteristics of output parameters of the AL7075T6. The overall purpose of this paper is to minimize the surface roughness on the AL 7075T6 alloy which is cut by AWJM. In abrasive waterjet cutting, the lower surface roughness and the higher cut depth are an indication of better performance. Therefore, the lower-the better (LB) is selected for the surface roughness.

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Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Turning Operation of Al-6061 to Reduce Cutting Force[ ]


Every manufacturing industries aims at production a large number of products within lesser time so as to get lesser power consumption and also to get best quality. Research work basically use the turning operation on conventional lathe as it is most widely adopted method for machining and also plays a vital role in effecting cutting forces. This experiment shows the optimization of cutting parameters for cutting forces in the turning operation to get optimal setting of process parameters and Taguchi method is used to analyze the effect of cutting parameters while turning. The material which is used for this experiment is Al-6061 and the tool used is carbide tipped turning tool. Cutting forces measured by lathe tool dynamometer. Once the experimental work had been done, using Minitab-18 software and Taguchi’s method the best possible combination of input parameters which minimizes cutting forces are find out.

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Experimental investigation of burst area in water jet cutting of granite[ ]


Granite has broad applications as construction material, architectural stone, a decorative stone, bridges and countertops. Black pearl granite is excavated in large blocks providing slabs of suitable sizes. Machining of rocks with conventional method has low surface finish and incorporates cost in final finishing. Abrasive water jet cutting is used for precise cutting of granite. Burst occurs at the other side of the material which is undesirable. The burst has to be minimum for high production and minimum wastage of cost. The experiments were carried on Black pearl granite. By using Taguchi method a L27 Orthogonal Array was formed for deciding number of cuts. Input parameters such as traverse speed, abrasive flow rate and standoff distance were varied whereas water pressure and abrasive size were constant and burst area was the response which is to be calculated. After experimentation, with the help of ImageJ software area of burst is calculated for each cuts. Thereafter with the help of data acquired, coding was done in ANFIS in order to predict the burst area. The motive behind this is to increase the precision of machining and to reduce the cost behind the finishing of granite.

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Study on Shear Lag Effect and Effective Width of PSC Box Girder[ ]


Nowadays most efficient and economical structural system for bridge decks has been the Box Girder Bridges. However, the box section suffers from shear lag effect which causes a non-uniform axial stress along its cross-sectional direction which violates the main assumption of Simple Beam theory i.e. Plane sections remain plane. In this project, three dimensional finite element analysis of a simply supported PSC box girder section for dead load and pretressing using four nodded shell elements is done to evaluate the effect of shear lag. The structure is modeled and analyzed in SOFiSTiK software. The results obtained show, the effects of loading, support and geometry of cross-section on the behavior in terms of development of normal stresses in different box girders. The effective flange width is also calculated considering shear lag effects in the design of box girders bridges as per AASHTO LRFD Bridge design specifications (2017). It can be concluded from the present study that the Simple Beam theory is a rough assumption for analysis of box sections.

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Optimization of surface roughness in turning titanium alloy (grade2)[ ]


In an era of intensive competition, the new challenges faced by industrial manufacturing processes include maximizing productivity, ensuring high product quality, and reducing the production time while minimizing the production cost simultaneously .With the large need of modern engineering products,so the surface roughness control become more vital. These processes work on a particular principle in which we use of certain properties of materials which makes them most suitable for some applications and at the same time put some limitations on their use. In this processes include many process variables (which is known as process parameters) and most suitable parameters setting is too much critical for advanced machining processes which may effect in the performance of process. Due to involvement of large number of process parameters, random selection of these process parameters within the range will not serve the purpose. The situation becomes more severe in case if more number of objectives are involved in the process. Such kind of situations can handle conveniently by use of optimization techniques for the parameters optimization of these processes.

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IGBT Based Induction Heater and Cooker[ ]


For this purpose as a fast heating task decided to work on an innovative and ambitious project task, “IGBT BASED INDUCTION HEATER AND MELTER”. As the name implies , the project is a heater/melter which works on induction principle and the latest state of art IGBT technology. Here IGBT is used as a high frequency switching device, instead thyristers, SCR’s, MOSFET, Power Transistors, etc. Thus improving the efficiency of the overall systems upto 96% to 98%.

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THE IMPACT OF A COST REBATE OF THE ECONOMICS OF SOLAR POWER IN INDIA[ ]


The primary economic reality of vestige fuels is that such fuels are found only in a moderately small number of locations across the world, yet are consumed everywhere. The financial reality, by contrast, is that solar property are available, in varying degrees, all over the world. Fossil fuel and solar resource use are thus poles apart - not just because of the ecological effects, but also because of the primarily different economical, logical and differing political, social and cultural cost. These differences must be approved if the full spectrum of opportunity for solar property is to be exploited. Therefore, this study concentrates on solar power as a renewable source of energy. It has many benefits compare to fossil fuels. It is clean and green, non-polluting and endless energy. For this reason it has fascinated more attention than other alternative sources of energy in recent years. Many energy economists say that solar energy is going to play an increasingly important role in all our lives. To highlight the importance of such a source of energy becomes not only important but also inevitable. This paper analyses the determining factors of solar energy usage and also analyses the cost advantage of the different solar energy devises usage.

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Solar Thermal Air Conditioner Part I - Latent Cooling System[ ]


For long, people have been using the conventional air conditioners working on vapor compression systems that providing cooling using refrigerants. This has led to an increase in global warming due to the hydrofluorocarbons let out from these refrigerants in air conditioners. Secondly, although there have been stringent standards such as the five star rating system to control the power consumed by the conventional air conditioners, they still continue to consume a substantial amount of energy. These standards are known to improve year by year but the AC’s still continue to consume a lot of electricity which is a precious resource. Although air conditioners have been known to provide comfort cooling quickly and reliably, not many are able to afford them. A solution to all these problems has long been overdue and it is now time. One solution to all the above addressed problems can be Liquid Desiccant Systems. An honest attempt has been made to develop such a system in this paper.

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GIS in Municipal Solid Waste Management[ ]


Solid Waste Management (SWM) is an integral part of public health and environmental control. Improper handling of Solid waste leads to both economical and environmental sufferings. SWM includes control of generation, storage, collection, transfer/transport, processing and disposal of waste. Almost all factors related to SWM has both spatial and non-spatial components, thus, traditional ways of storing and analyzing data keeps data in isolated form, which results in inefficient management system. This paper reviews the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) in the field of SWM. GIS in areas related to SWM increases system efficiency, reduce workload, save time and cost, and helps in decision support system.

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Stormwater Management For Hindamata Flooding[ ]


Almost all of the flooding which seriously the disrupt communication and the activity of the Mumbai city, with increasing regularity, are located within the large fill area bounded by the old islands. Not only is the ground levels low but the island of hard basalt rock form natural boundaries to the drainage areas. The low-lying topography, meteorological and hydrological conditions of the Hindamata makes it vulnerable to floods and storm water. Various measures have been conducted for mitigation of flood and inundation damages, but the drainage problem is still one of the major tasks. The flooding inflicted serious damage over the past half-century; these floods have become both more extensive and more severe as experienced in recent storms. Development in the suburbs has taken place very rapidly in recent years. The drainage system is largely of open nallahs based on the original natural drainage channels. The system has not in all places been extended symmetrically to keep pace with development and indeed in many places development has encroached into the drainage channel thus reducing their capacity as the flows they receive has increased. In order to address the problem, different engineering works were utilized to provide flood protection and reduce flood damages. One alternative flood control measure is the provision of underground storage tanks for the purpose of reduction of the peak discharge of flood. Based on the hydrological, topographic and flooding information gathered from government institutions, an underground storage tank facility with a new drain network is proposed as alternative flood control measure in the study area to reduce the flood level and to identify the volume of the proposed storage tank. The conceptual simplified model for underground storage tank simulation model has been used to simulate the operation of the tanks and to evaluate the performance of the proposed structure. Though there are many flooding spots in Mumbai, the Hindamata flooding spot intensively affected. As the major traffic carrying road passes through this an area, it gives serious call to look into this matter. The project deals with finding a proper solution that can be adopted for solving the flooding scenario of Hindamata flooding spot of F/South ward, Mumbai.

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Solar Thermal Air Conditioner Part II - Sensible Cooling system and Concentrator[ ]


Conventional air conditioners are the first option people turn to when in need for cool air. They are known to provide quick and highly efficient cooling. However, there are three main shortcomings to a conventional air conditioner viz. high power consumption, high cost and global warming caused due to the refrigerants used in them. A sleek solution to these three problems can be Liquid Desiccant Systems. These systems do not use any harmful refrigerants, they contribute a very low load on the grid and cost less. The setup of these type of systems mainly consist of a Solar Concentrator, an Indirect Evaporative Cooler (IEC) and Night Sky Reservoir (NSR). The solar concentrator will heat the incoming liquid desiccant which is used for dehumidification of the air to be cooled. This heating is needed for the regeneration of desiccant which will be reused as the system is a closed loop system. The Indirect evaporative cooler is used to cool the dehumidified air. The IEC is known to provide cool air of about 21 degree Celsius without use of much electric power which reduces cooling load by about 40 percent as compared to conventional AC’s. The Night Sky Reservoir is used to cool the stored water at night. The stored water is supplied to IEC and regenerated via atmospheric water regeneration. Thus the proposed system consumes low power, is environment friendly and cost efficient.

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Solar powered atmospheric water generator by using thermo-electric couple[ ]


We introduce an Atmospheric Water Generator which works on the principle of Thermo-Electric Couple (TEC) Device. According to the Previous Research papers, we had studied that we can extract water from atmospheric air. We noticed that the water can be produced from highly relative humidity air with moderate atmospheric temp. It is highly applicable in the desert area, in the sea, rural area, etc.

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Optimal selection of process parameters in FDM machine for surface roughness of PLA material[ ]


In today’s growing market most emerging manufacturing technology is rapid prototyping and aim of RP technology is to satisfy the customer with good quality of surface and dimensional precision. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is rapid prototyping technology, produces the 3D part from wax or plastic. But to achieve the good quality surface and dimensional precision requires a good-skilled operator to set optimum input parameters. For modeling parts, printing head moves precisely overbuild platform according to layer by layer. However, determining the optimum parameters level is not an effortless task. This paper deals with the optimizing the i/p parameters to get low surface roughness of PLA manufactured parts by response surface methodology (RSM). The DOE is based on a 33 factorial design by taking printing velocity, printing temperature and layer thickness as i/p parameters. Printing velocity 141.39 mm/s, printing temperature 190 0C, and layer thickness 0.1264 mm is the optimum grouping of parameters for low surface roughness of 0.510 micrometers.

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Monitoring of surface roughness in CNC end milling[ ]


The general manufacturing problem can be described as the achievement of a predefined product quality with given equipment, cost and time constraints. Unfortunately, for some quality characteristics of a product such as surface roughness it is hard to ensure that these requirements will be met. This paper aims at presenting the various methodologies and practices that are being employed for the prediction of surface roughness. The resulting benefits allow for the manufacturing process to become more productive and competitive and at the same time to reduce any re-processing of the machined workpiece so as to satisfy the technical specifications. Each approach with its advantages and disadvantages is outlined and the present and future trends are discussed. The approaches are classified into those based on machining theory, experimental investigation, designed experiments and artificial intelligence (AI).

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COIR FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE[ ]


Use of naturally gained fiber, is rapidly growing in the working and manufacturing industries. Natural fiber is nothing but the fiber which is get extracted from the trees, animals or any natural thing, like jute fiber, aloe-Vera fiber, banana fiber etc. In this experimental work we characterized the mechanical properties of coir fiber reinforced composite. Alumina is used as filler. Three weight proportions (10,20 and 30 wt.%) were used for the fabrication of composites. Composites were prepared by hand layup method. After sample preparation various mechanical tests such as tensile, flexural, impact were carried out on it, as per ASTM standard.

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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF KITCHEN FOOD WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM[ ]


This paper presents the design and fabrication of kitchen food waste disposal system. This paper investigated that, as the population of a city grows, so does the waste that it generates. Along with industrial and commercial development of a city, waste management systems have to be revised according to the city's needs. According latest surroundings standing Report by Brihan-mumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) the 9,400 tonnes of trash that city sends daily to its marketing grounds, 73% (6,862 tons) includes food, vegetable and fruit. Currently days there are heap of waste is generating on the daily the sources of the food waste are an edifice, residential houses, cafe, restaurants etc. kind of these areas excess food can generate these foods are directly drop in to the surroundings. This creates hazards to the surroundings for different deceases. The results of wasting of food results in pastes, odors, toxic liquid and alkane gas for the additional patents than carbon dioxide. Solely 3% of food is recycled in worldwide remaining that thrower which results in the environmental pollution. With this project we have a tendency to be disposing the waste by mistreatment the mechanical systems like motor, drum, shaft, etc. material used for the components are, stainless steel, cast iron, plastic etc. and design of the components are done in CATIA v5 r20. Because of this project waste management team will find it easier to separate the food waste from other garbage.

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Soil Stabilization Using Water Rubber[ ]


The research is concerned with the stabilization of soil using rubber tire chips. Soil was collected from an area in Kharghar and rubber tire chips were made available from the locally available tire tube. Soil properties play a very important role in construction. Sometimes the properties of soil are not so favorable for construction and we use some methods to improve properties of soil. The method used is called soil stabilization. Soil amendment techniques are described utilizing solid rubber particles to be mixed with soil to improve porosity and reduce compaction. The rubber particles are preferably derived from shredded rubber tubes. The size of rubber particles may also vary, and the amount of rubber mixed with the rubber may also vary. The inclusion of rubber particles in soil improves use efficiency of water. In this paper we used shredded rubber tube to improve properties of soil. Shredded rubber tubes with size 10mm in width and 20mm in length is used for experimental work. The percentage used is 5%, 10%, and 15% for the experimental work. Use of shredded rubber tubes in Geotechnical Engineering for enhancing the soil properties, has received greater attention in the recent times. This paper presents the effect on the behavior of pavement subgrade when pavement subgrade soil is stabilized with shredded rubber tube.

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Fabrication of pneumatically operated paper cup and dish making machine[ ]


This project is based on fabrication and assembly of pneumatically operated paper cup and dish making machine. The project is basically by considering the current problem of expensive computer controlled paper cup making machines. paper cups are mainly consist of plastics. And plastic is an material which is very hazardous to the environment. With the help of this pneumatically operated machine paper cups are made from any kind of paper and leaves are also used for making cups. After researching how current paper cup making machine work, we are come up with low cost effective solution for manufacturing of paper cups and dish. This paper cup making machine size is confortable to suit anywhere and very economical also. For this machine we are using very basic techniques to improve our project efficiency. Example: wet paper or paper pulp is use for making paper cup. So the paper or pulp easily gains shape of die and heater coils are used for evapouration of water from pulp or wet paper. Punch and die arrangement is use for actual manufacturing of paper cup. Pneumatic cylinder supply the air to the actuator by using direction control valve. Punch is operated with the help of direction control valve to control air pressure and by supplying air to the actuator, due to this punch is move down and exerts pressure on the paper pulp or wet paper. Paper gains shape of die and formation of paper cup or dish taking place. This project is very economical and reduce hazardous effects appeared from plastic used.

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Optimization of waste management in plastic & manufacturing industries - The perspective in SME’s[ ]


Following the onset of industrialization, the buildup of waste is a major concern in many SMEs. The industry has to face many challenges to stay in the market such as maintaining product quality, reducing the production time followed by cost, maximizing productivity, etc. So the waste needs to be properly disposed and taken care of before it affects the reputation of the organization. Awareness and education in the area of waste and waste management is important from a global perspective of resource management. Optimization of waste consists of all the actions and activities which are required to manage waste from its first stage to final disposal. The project is to optimize the waste in small and medium enterprises using various techniques and methods which we are applying by finding various areas of wastes where actual waste occur, that are unaware to the industries although these methods can be used in all the SME’s where same type of problems occur. These methods will help the SME’s to increase the productivity, profit and quality by effective amount of use of resources.

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Modification In EMU Bogie for High Speed Application[ ]


The rail industry is one of the biggest part of India society in transport as well as economical way. We have so much developed from steam engine to current EMU Train. But as population increase so this rail technology has to be continuously developed so as to meet requirement of current era. Current using technology referred as EMU i.e electric multiple unit. Instead of using single power unit to drive coaches of train, multiple unit drive attached to each distinct number of coaches. As we know each technology has drawback, this technology is not exception for this. In India we can drive rail upto the speed of 150 km/hrs. If the speed exceeds beyond this limit, some serious problem can occur such as bogie failure, hunting of bogie, failure of suspension etc. this leads to catastrophic results such as mass destruction, public property damage. In this project has to tackle the problem of vibration Roll rubbers are used instead of springs in secondary suspension.

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Optimization Of Drilling Parameters To Minimize The Cutting Force In Machining Of Titanium Grade 2[ ]


This research outlines the Taguchi methodology for optimizing the cutting parameters in Titanium Grade 2 drilling. Cutting speed, Drill bit diameter and feed rate are the drilling parameters evaluated. In order to relate the cutting parameters to thrust force and torque, no of experiments are conducted. A series of drilling operations were conducted on radial drilling machine by using L9 orthogonal array. The operations were conducted by using HSS twist drills on Titanium Grade 2. A signal-to-noise ratio of L9 orthogonal array is used to examine the outcome of these parameters during drilling on thrust force, torque. The study displays that Taguchi method is appropriate with the minimum trials to solve stated problem. The main goal is to find the important factors and combinations of these factors that affects the process of machining to achieve low thrust and torque. The drill diameter was found to be the most noticeable factor for cutting force after 9 experimental tests. The Taguchi method analysis shows that feed rate is most important factor influencing the thrust force, whereas the cutting speed contributes most to torque.

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Fabrication Of Solar Composting Machine[ ]


A waste converter is applied for the treatment and to recycle of solid and liquid waste material. Composting is an aerobic method of decomposing organic solid waste. This work involves decomposition of organic material into compost which is the good fertilizer for plants. This works presents sustainable and low cost solution for organic waste disposal. Method is simple and effective. The work utilized solar energy to effectively convert wet waste into compost. Solar is the energy free source which utilizes and save the cost of electricity and dispose waste. This machine saves initial capital investments due to its lower cost then electrical machines. It gives good quality compost without any problems related to pest, insect, rodents. This work involves the method of aerobic decomposition adding bacterial action on bio degradable organic waste with heating 50-60 degree Celsius, results in good quality control. This paper works on fabricating a semi automatic composting machine using solar technology which uses home waste material and converts it useful fertilizer used for the development of plants. It uses 30 days for the whole process which consists of heating, mixing, ventilation, and addition of culture.

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Implementation of inventory management tools to increase productivity of Panjtan Packaging[ ]


Inventory is defined as the quantity or value of the current stock of a manufacturer or retailer. This can include raw materials and parts which will be used later in manufacturing process. It is vital for controlling goods and materials that have use in production or exchange activities in services. Inventory problems of carrying too small or too great quantities in hand can result in business failure production stops if stock out of a critical inventory item is experienced by the manufacturer. Hence it is important to establish an appropriate inventory control system or to enhance the existing system. Because the organization encounters inventory related costs like handling cost, ordering cost, shortage cost, the increase in any one due to lack of control has negative effects on the profit of organization. The ultimate aim of the research is to study the inventory and demand patterns of a small scale industry, Panjtan Packaging, which deals with the manufacturing of paper bags and suggest optimum inventory level by implementation of inventory management techniques like ABC analysis and EOQ model. This study finds an optimal ordering quantity and systematic categorization of raw material which in turn will help to reduce the losses associated with improper inventory handling.

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Solar Distillation Using Nanoparticle integrated Phase Change Material (PCM)[ ]


The test examination has been done in the period of April, 2019 for the climatic states of Kharghar, Maharashtra, India with scope of 19.047321 N and longitude of 73.069908 E. The reason for this undertaking is to explore the impact of Nano-composite material on the activity of a conventional sun oriented still. The sunlight based still utilized in this examination is of single incline type because of its simplicity of creation and cost amicability. In this venture the customary sun based refining process is improved by the utilization of Nanoparticle incorporated Phase Change Material as inert warmth stockpiling medium. For the experimentation reason, CuO nanoparticles of 10nm size are implanted in Paraffin Wax as Phase Change Material by ultra-sonication process for even scattering of nanoparticles. Paraffin Wax can discharge its inactive warmth amid stage change process which improved not just the time term of the refining procedure yet in addition the efficiency on every hour premise. While the conventional refining procedure could yield greatest yield for a time of 2-3 hours, the work on Nano-composite expanded this period by 2 hours for example 4-5 hours roughly. The timeframe of experimentation was of 12 hours (from 8am to 8pm). In spite of the fact that a further water quality examination should be played out, the investigation uncovers promising outcomes for cutting edge sun powered refining process.

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esign and Analysis of rear car spoiler for Drag reduction and fuel efficiency[ ]


The body form and size of the automotive should have allowable aerodynamic attribute. The aerodynamic aspects are going costlier however lowering aerodynamic drag the economy of quickest automotive is improved. Aerodynamic characteristics of race car are of great interest in drag reduction and increasing fuel potency. At the current stage changed automobile is additional widespread for everybody. At the current most of the sports automobile are seen with a spoiler. Even they need a additional firm chassis and a stiff suspension system for top speed. At this stage spoiler is additional benefitted. This document offers an outline of a simple and a reliable way to do simulations within the automotive field. Several automobile have a firmly sharp downward angle going from rear fringe of the roof all the way down to the trunk/tail of the automobile. It’s useful for reducing flow separation decreasing drag and most significant is reducing fuel consumption. It additionally helps to stay the rear window accessible as a result of the air is flow swimmingly through rear window. In this thesis will concentrate on CFD-based drag prediction on the sedan kind automobile body when the spoiler is mounted at the rear fringe of the vehicle. An automobile rear spoiler is design and model in 3D modeled software system solidworks by completely different models of spoilers. And also the analysis is finished by ANSYS software system. We tend to ansys on completely different speeds i.e. (30m/s, 40m/s).we additionally ansys 2 completely different bodies i.e. without spoiler and with spoiler. This offer US the variation between the drag force and also the potency of the spoiler within the use of cars. In this thesis the CFD analysis to see the drag force, coefficient of drag, velocity, pressure. This thesis can present a numerical simulation of flow around race car with spoiler situated at the rear end using commercial ansys fluent software system. The thesis can concentrate on CFD-based raise and drag prediction on the automobile body when the spoiler is mounted at the rear fringe of the vehicle. A 3D model of a 4-door sedan automobile (which going to be designed with business software system SolidWorks) going to use as base model. Various spoilers are going to situated at rear of car and also the simulation are going to run so as to see the aerodynamic results of spoiler.

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Optimization of process parameters in Wire EDM of D3 tool steel using Taguchi method[ ]


D3 Tool steel is a high carbon, oil hardened and high chromium tool steel. It possess high compressive strength and good dimensional stability. It is used in wide applications in industries like bushes, press tools, forming rolls, blanking dies, forming dies and punches. Wire EDM is a non conventional process of machining which is used for precision machining. It is a micro machining process used for manufacturing complex shapes with extremely close tolerances. The performance of Wire EDM is affected by various parameters. In this paper we attempt to optimize the machining parameters for achieving highest MRR (Material Removal Rate). For studying the performance characteristics we make use of L9 Orthogonal array, S/N ratio (signal to noise ratio). The process parameters considered for investigation are pulse on time, pulse off time, servo feed. Material removal rate was calculated using formulas. After the experimentation Taguchi Method is used to obtain optimum levels. The experimental analysis resulted into combination of pulse on time, pulse off time and servo feed to achieve maximum MRR.

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Aeration and cleaning of lake water using solar energy[ ]


This research targets to fabricate aerator and lake cleaner, a floating boat model as automatic garbage collector to counter accumulation of garbage in the lake which has no flow effectively and efficiently. . The method of implementation is design and construction. This approach consists of the identification of needs, analysis of the aspects required specifically, hardware and software engineering, developing, and testing. In this project the proposed concept is to replace the manual work in lake or lake cleaning by automated system. Now-a-days even though automation plays a integral role in all industrial functions in the acceptable disposal of sewages from industries and commercials are nevertheless a challenging task. To overcome this problem and to save human life we have implemented two applications in one machine. We designed our task to use this in environment friendly way to manipulate the disposal of wastages and to extend the dissolved oxygen level. Various dissolved gases and dissolved metals such as hydrogen sulfide, iron, and VOCs are removed.

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Experimental setup to find heat transfer coefficient in boiling process of water Fabrication and analysis[ ]


The purpose of this project is to fabricate an experimental setup to find out the boiling water heat transfer coefficient inside a tube in dynamic condition. Heat transfer coefficient plays crucial role in almost all the application of boiling water. So it is important to have a practical setup in colleges for deep understanding of students. The problem here stands that whatever setups available are costly, so most of the colleges do not prefer to have this setup in laboratories. Our sole objective is to prepare an experimental setup which is less costly yet sufficient for experiment and simpler in operation. The major components used in this setup are Heater, Pump, Copper tube, condenser and some sensors. Our objective is to fabricate the setup for proper working and analyze the flow inside tube. Before fabrication, a 3-D model is prepared for analysis and then the fabrication procedure was accomplished. The copper tube used has inside diameter of 8 mm and outside diameter of 10 mm. We start the flow of water from a container by heating the water to 50oC. The copper tube is wound by heating coil for further heating of the water is taken place. The thermocouple fitted on the copper tube shows the reading of the temperature of the water through which we can find coefficient of heat transfer for water by the formula of the heat transfer coefficient for the convection process. After that the boiling water is passed through the condenser for cooling and after that the cooled water is again passed into the container for the preheating. The readings taken are further analyzed and time required for heating water up to certain degrees is predicted by this analysis.

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Design of Liquid Air Cooler for Radar and Other Aviation Equipment’s[ ]


An air cooler is used for efficient heat transfer from one particular medium to another medium. For separation of media, a solid wall is used so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact. A cross flow heat exchangers are widely used in Aviation sciences, Automobile industries ,oil refineries and other large chemical processes.This type of heat exchanger is chosen because of Work load efficiency, it has comparatively high values. Its unique compactness adds a reason for its selection. Because of its compactness it has attribute of mobility. The other characteristics are less strain on pocket and the most dignified attribute , operational safety. For designing of the apparatus, various parameters are taken into consideration. Temperature difference being the most important characteristic which is required for proper heat transfer. Flow rate of the fluid flowing through the pipes of the cooler is also of great significance. The heat transfer in the air cooler is also dependant on the pressure of fluid flowing through the pipes and the overall heat transfer coefficient of a liquid in application . Material of the pipes also affects the heat transfer occuring in the pipes.This paper throws light on the view that keeping all consideration in mind the standard design procedure can be followed the values which has been calculated is being drafted into three dimensional model using suitable drafting softwares so that the model can be analysed to validate various thermal structural parameters.

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Experimental setup to find heat transfer coefficient in boiling process of water - Design and fabrication[ ]


The purpose of following project is to find out coefficient of heat transfer for boiling water inside a tube in dynamic condition. Heat transfer coefficient plays a crucial role in almost all the application of boiling water. So it is important to have a practical setup in colleges for deep understanding of students. The problem here stands that whatever setup available are costly, so most of the colleges do not prefer to have this setup in laboratories. Our sole objective is to prepare an experimental setup which is less costly yet sufficient for experiment and simpler in operation. The major components used in this setup are Heater, Pump, Copper tube, condenser and some sensors. Our aim is to design the setup for efficient performance. The copper tube used has inside diameter of 8 mm and outside diameter of 10 mm. We start the flow of water from a container by heating the water to 50oC. The copper tube is wound by heating coil for further heating of the water is taken place. The thermocouple fitted on the copper tube shows the reading of the temperature of the water through which we can find coefficient of heat transfer for water by the formula of heat transfer coefficient used in convection process. After that the boiling water is passed through the condenser for cooling and after that the cooled water is again passed into the container for the preheating.

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Design And Fabrication Of Drain Water Recycling[ ]


Drain water is defined as the flow of water from households, businesses, industries, and institutions subject to treatment plants. Providing clean water is an essential requirement for setting up and maintaining various human activities. Because of the strict environmental regulations and to minimize carbon footprints, hydrogen is considered an alternative fuel for both automotive and domestic purposes so that the drain water can produce hydrogen. Therefore, by using the flapper mechanism or filtration process, the hydrogen production from drain water, the solid particles are removed from drain water. Using the storage tank, the remaining portion of drain water is stored. The drain water from the storage tank falls on the turbine blade that helps rotate the turbine and leads to electricity generation. Turbine-generated electricity is used to perform the process of electrolysis. The production of hydrogen by water using the electrolysis method can be a simple way to achieve the production of clean hydrogen. The separation of hydrogen gas from water molecules takes place in the process of electrolysis. Hydrogen, produced by water electrolysis, is a high source of clean energy and will be stored in the storage tank and used for a further application. This process discusses the different concerns and issues related to the production of hydrogen from drain water.

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Study of energy consumption rate in drilling of SS3316 by Taguchi and Gray relational method[ ]


Make a circular hole in solid part to join an assembly with help of rotating tool harden than work material is called as drilling operation SS316 is the substance contain 0.15% of carbon make it difficult to drill .It consume more power.But proper drilling scenario and factor use can predict powers unnecessary use of power. Speed, feed ,thrust ,torque are the factors influence on the power rate .Using proper range of parameters drilling can be easier and more flexible. This study has been focous on experimental and optimization techniques like Taguchi and gray relational to find influencing factor and range of that factor. With aim of less power consumption and increasing material removal rate. From results and readings of experimentation it found that speed and feed are the most influencing parameter in drilling as low speed low power consumption and low feed low MRR. Hence we conclude that from gray relation and response graph low feed and low speed is the best combination. Level1 is best for both speed and feed.

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Design and development of uniform and continuous lubrication system for wire rope[ ]


The main aim of the project is to provide proper lubrication to the wire which are used worldwide in various industrial applications such as cranes, hoists, Lifts, etc. Also, project focuses on reducing overall cost of the lubrication system which includes lubricant cost, maintenance and operational cost. When wire ropes are made on stranding machine, at the time of stranding lubricant is sprayed which does not penetrate into the core which results into improper lubrication inside the core and failure of wire from core. Insufficient lubrication increases corrosion and fretting wear of rope. As lubricant is sprayed on wire rope, lot of lubricant is wasted and spread on floor which increases chances of accidents and also increases overall cost of lubricant. Our project describes a pressurized lubrication system which provides lubricant inside the core and maintain uniform thickness over the outer surface of wire rope. This is automatic lubrication using hydraulic system which saves human efforts and saves time as speed of lubrication is also increased. Unique design of seal provides better penetration of lubricant inside the core of wire rope. Wastage of lubricant is reduced as there is outlet port which carries extra lubricant back to the reservoir. Thus, proposed lubrication system reduces overall operational and maintenance cost and improves life of wire rope by reducing failure.

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Modification and Analysis for Heat Transfer Through Added Extension[ ]


The optimization of fins is required for enhancing the heat transfer rate throughout the hotter surface areas .Hence to increase the cost of production we are using fins .To achieve the 6 to 10 % more performance through fins, designing the geometry of conventional fins without changing the main geometry of fins just adding extensions on convention fins .Quadratic rectangular extension ,convex quadratic extension, triangular extension are provided on main fins .simulation was performing and the temperature variation was performing per distance wise which have be analyzed .On the basis of final result we were compare with all extension the rectangular shape has higher performing than other.so the fins which having extension providing higher performance than conventional fins.

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MANUALLY OPERATED MUTLITASKING FLOOR CLEANING MACHINE[ ]


The main purpose of this project is to clean the floor surface in colleges, hospitals, auditoriums, malls and workshops. The intend of this project work is to design and develop process for cleaning the dry as well as wet floors. Interior decoration are becoming more in our daily life, cleaning of floor is vital for our health and this floor cleaning minimize our effort which require for cleaning that’s why project is very much useful in our daily life .Construction is simple and easy to operate so that illiterate person can also be able to operate this machine the main parts of this machine are moisture cotton mop, swiping brushes, wiper and vacuum cleaner. It is available in cheap price. Such types of machine under different price are available but they are expensive. Now floor cleaning machines are popular for cleaning the huge floor area in less time.

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Optimization Of Turbine Blade With Different Thickness Of TBC Material[ ]


Turbine blades are the intrinsic parts of energy generation segment because they work in rough conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to increase turbine blade performance to prevent additional expenses of maintenance and repair of component. There are discrete ways to enhance gas turbine blades performance such as using a high strength supper alloy, reduce blade temperature generate during process use of inter-cooling supply line. TBC coating apply on blade surface usually with air plasma spray (APS) coating technique and occupy blade body to protect it from high range temperatures. Effects of different TBC’s materials and Their thickness on heat transfer between jet steam and blade body is studied. YSZ as TBC perform as protecting insulation layer that increases the temperature gradient between the steam and blade body. For this purpose turbine blade model is design using solidworks 3d modeling software and Finite Element analysis software is used for the ANSLYSIS of the Blade. Material properties are taken as temperature dependent and boundary conditions were applied as heat transfer coefficient. Different Thickness of TBC Material are coated and analyzed for Heat Transfer Rate and Life of the blade.

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Characterization of Kenaf Reinforced Bio-composite For Fabrication of FSAE Car Bodyworks[ ]


In manufacturing and fabrication industries composite material has wide use which shows impressive mechanical properties as strength and stiffness. Due to low density final product leads to decrement in weight. As per ecological based articles composites made up of petroleum product which liberate toxicity in atmosphere. Natural bio-composite has increasing attention due to availability and mechanical flexibility. Natural fibers as kenaf, jute, sisal etc. possess higher mechanical stability, thermal resistivity and low density compared to synthetic ones. Manufacturing process with unidirectional woven fiber effectively gives higher flexural and impact strength. Present work has results of flexural, impact and tensile testing of laminated unidirectional woven kenaf as fiber and epoxy as resin material. Fabrication of automotive part with same composite by Hand-layup technique.

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Parametric Optimisation of TIG Welding by using Design Of Experiments for SS304 and SS304L[ ]


SS304 is the most widely and most versatile, which is available in a different range of products, forms and etc. It has good welding and forming characteristics. On the other hand SS304L also has the same properties as of the Grade 304 but the only difference is in its Chemical Composition. It is corrosion resistance while the Grade 304 is not. This paper investigates the effects of input process parameters like voltage and gas pressure. For joining SS304 and SS304L TIG welding played an important role. The TIG Welding is commonly used in various applications such as automotive and aircraft industries. In this paper, design of experiment is used with 3 levels of voltage, Gas Pressure, and constant Current as the input Parameters and also the output parameters are hardness and depth of penetration. These parameters are measured with the help of Hardness testing machine for which we get Brinell hardness and with the help of Ball indenter we calculated Depth of Penetration. As depth of penetration increases the stress carrying capacity also increases. In this paper the welding was done on TIG welding machine and attempts were made to predict the process parameters fir getting maximum hardness and a good depth of Penetration. After the experimentation validation is done by NDT Testing.

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MODIFICATION OF LOW EFFORT RUN CYCLE[ ]


A trend for design customization of bicycle is developing in recent years. During the development phase, a proper surveillance is to be given for the comfort of ride on the bicycle. In this study, the concept is to design the bicycle frame in such a way that it is of the right shape and size w.r.t ergonomics to fit the human body. Key features of the bicycle are frame design, material used, riding posture, various test performed are also discussed below. Further, in this study a detailed methodology is given to help the designer to making it economical as well as efficiently for elliptical bicycle

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Design and Thermal analysis of fin with different geometries of engines[ ]


In Thermodynamic, Heat engine could be a system which converts thermal or heat energy into mechanical work. Similarly, we have various systems operating on high temperature and very high thermal stresses and it is essential to cool them to desired temperature. Two techniques are used for cooling purpose, either water cooling or air cooling method. According to the requirements and working conditions any of this method is utilised. Considering this factor that either of the method has its own drawbacks at many condition we tried to consider replacement of water cooled system with modified air cooling system(fins) with the example of heat engine. An air cool engine block has extended outer surface on its block(Fins) which releases heat into the atmosphere by forced convection. This work deals with modification in the design of fins with the use of different materials. And the purpose of using fins is to utilise atmospheric air and to obtain desired outputs which are good enough to replace water cool system. A model of I.C. engine cylinder and modified fin structure over it is created Solidworks and thermal Analysis is performed in ANSYS.

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Improvement in Design of Gesture Control Rover[ ]


Rover is a type of robot, which is used for applications such as survilliance, data collections, assigned tasks, etc. Rover is mainly controlled by means of wireless communication. This paper talks about operating rover by using gestures, gives idea about use of hand gesture to control the rover, fabrictaion of body of rover, assembly of rover which contains components like DC motors, Raspberry Pi, Aurdino mega, Accelerometers, Batteries, Servomotor, etc. The use of PVC pipe as a material for rover body increases strength, motion stability and weight carrying capacity of rover. Also, Rocker-Bogie mechanism is use for gabricating body of rover. Raspberry Pi is used for better communication it gives higher bandwidth for radio trasmmision, which is basic requirement for survilliance as data trasmmision is very high. Video output give clear idea about motion of rover. Accelerometer is being used to detect motion of hand which gives input to aurdino mega to detect the gesture and transmit the signal to Raspberry Pi which controls the DC motor and hence controls the motion of rover. Servomotors are installed, which gave more degree of freedom to video camera. Programs for DC motor control, Servomotors are coded on Raspberry Pi. Programs for Gesture Detection, motion control by Accelerometer are coded on Aurdino Mega.

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Identification of Manufacturing Flexibility in SMEs- Program, Labour and Machine Flexibilities[ ]


Manufacturing flexibility, the ability to produce a variety of products in the quantities that customers demand while maintaining high performance is a critical dimension of value chain flexibility. It is strategically important for enhancing competitive position and winning customer orders. This work deals with the identification of manufacturing flexibility in SMEs in the parameters of Program Labour and Machine. In today's changeable market, uncertainties play vital role. Uncertainties comes with respect to customer demand and competition. To overcome on this, we used the term named as Manufacturing Flexibility. In today's era of globalization, SMEs should possess the ability of quick change over and delivered the service that should be required. Hence it is important to define manufacturing flexibilities in industries so we can find the right approach for increasing the production. The statistical software used for reliability and validation of data obtained from questionnaire. In addition to this, statistical results indicate the compatibility between different dimension of manufacturing flexibility. By using Cronbach’s Alpha, the overall flexibility of the system is found to be 0.60 to 0.70.

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Testing Mechanical Properties Of Rice Straw Reinforced Composites[ ]


Reinforced composites of 40% and 60% volume fractions of RSF.Rice straw shows potential of reinforcement for natural fibre reinforced composites. It has the ligno cellulosic content and is the by-product which is found abundantly. Rice straw is disposed mostly by open burning which causes environmental pollution. So to prevent this they can be used in making a natural fibre reinforced composite due to their renewable, environment friendly, less hazardous and biodegradable nature. Rice straw fibre reinforced composites were manufactured as per ASTM standards by using hand layup technique. The composites were tested for its bending and impact performance. The standard methods were adopted for bending and impact test procedures viz. ASTM E2248 for impact strength and ASTM D790 for the flexural test of rice straw fibre reinforced composites. The aim of this project is to perform mechanical Testing on Rice Straw Fiber (RSF) under different weight fraction (40% and 60%) of fiber. After Investigating or Performing different test we will compare the results and will decide the day to day useful application needed in human life for that particular test which is successful.

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Concrete using coconut shell as a coarse aggregate[ ]


There were many experimental work conducted to improve the properties of the concrete by putting new materials, whether it is natural materials or recycle materials or synthetic materials in the concrete mix. The most affecting factor in construction is its cost. In most of the construction work concrete is used which consist cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water. In present day the coarse aggregate is obtained from natural resources for example natural rocks etc. But now a days artificial aggregate are also in practice. In India coconut is widely used for various purposes like worship, industries etc. By use of coconut its shell remains as by-product which can be useful for construction work in place of coarse aggregate. Coconut shell is hard in nature and does not deteriorate easily once bound in concrete and therefore, it does not contaminate or leach to produce toxic substances. In our experiment coarse aggregates of concrete are partially replaced by coconut shell as 10%, 15%. All the tests of cement, sand, aggregate and concrete was done as per IS code. The concrete blocks with coconut shells of grade M20 were examined for compressive strength, water absorption and compared with conventional concrete of same grade and the cost is also compared.

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Investigation of Disc Brake Squeal using FE Simulation and Experimentation[ ]


Brake squeal has been a continuing problem in the automotive industry and there has been several attempts to study and analyses the problem with the intention to solve it. Brake squeal occurs due to the instability during braking action between rotor and pad. There are various parameters which affect the brake squeal. In this paper, the results for the effect of speed and angle of attack are presented. Simulation and experimentation for the disc brake squeal are carried out. The static modal analysis of disc brake is done to find modal frequencies of mode shapes which developed during squealing. A Giannini’s Laboratory brake setup is designed and fabricated to simulate squeal. Using Minitab, the design of the experiment is done by the factorial method to minimize the experiments. Squealing frequencies are compared with static modal frequencies. Using these frequencies in Minitab software the dominant parameter and regression equation is obtained. The angle of attack is found to be a more dominant parameter than speed for generation of squeal.

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Creation of Electrical Life Test with integrated temperature data logging as per IEC-60947-4-1[ ]


This paper is part of a study conducted at Siemens R&D test lab for low voltage switchgear equipments as per IEC Standards. Testing plays a pivotal role in both pre and post manufacturing of a product .The goal of this study is to make the testing process reach its optimum level by making the test cells obtain real time data, have less conduction time within minimum space and minimum cost. After a thorough analysis of the various tests carried out in the test lab, the Electrical endurance test viz. an Accelerated life test was found to be the most time consuming and indispensable test. The main reason behind the life test taking the large conduction time is due to its conduction along with a cyclic temperature rise test .The temperature rise test is conducted on a product undergoing a life test after certain stipulated number of operations of the life test. The problems faced in this method of conduction, in addition to its large time consumption, are the difficulty in obtaining real time temperature rise data, space consumption and cost incurred in the setting up of an additional test cell. Hence to overcome the aforesaid issues it is proposed to integrate the two test cells viz. the Electrical Endurance test cell and temperature rise test cell by conducting the temperature rise test in the same cell as that of the life test. The study focuses on the possible methods of integrating the two test cells. A feasibility study is conducted on the possible test circuits that can be implemented for integration .The most feasible circuit is chosen and the test results are compared with that of the conventional method to further assert that the integration of the two test cells have aided in achieving our objectives.

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MODELLING OF ABRASIVE WATERJET MACHINING[ ]


AWJ is a non traditional machining process capable of processing wide range of hard-to-machine materials. This research addresses modeling of the process parameters for this machining technique. To model the process a set of experimental data has been used to evaluate the effects of various parameter settings in cutting 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. The process variables considered here include nozzle diameter, jet traverse rate, jet pressure and abrasive flow rate. Depth of cut is important output characteristics, has been evaluated based on different parameter settings. The ANN method and regression modeling are used in order to establish the relationships between input and output parameters. The pairwise effects of process parameters settings on process response outputs are also shown graphically. The proposed model is then embedded into a matlab algorithm to optimize the process parameters. The objective is to determine proper levels of process parameters in order to obtain a certain level of depth of cut. Computational results shows that the proposed solution procedure is effective in solving many multi-variable problems.

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Knowledge Management: A Review[ ]


Since manufacturing has become global to address the needs of the global market, companies take advantage of advanced information technologies in achieving their global supply chain. It is also important to see to what extent this has been used to facilitate innovation and knowledge diffusion along the supply chain for an ultimate improvement of productivity and quality and in turn manufacturing organizational competitiveness. This paper covers knowledge Management implementation steps, critical success factors of Knowledge Management and benefits.

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ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION BY EXPLOITATION ROOF HIGH VENTILATOR (NATURALLY DRIVEN)[ ]


Wind energy is one among renewable energy and it doesn't cause pollution. Therefore, presently, there's the technological development of applying wind energy for the electricity generation. Wind energy is employed to switch fossil energy like oil and coal, inflicting environmental pollution. This paper presents the electrical power generation by exploitation upper side rotary engine Ventilator (R.T.V). upper side ventilators (RTV) usually used for ventilation purpose, is wont to extract alternative energy by fitly coming up with a generator to couple with it. Upper side Ventilators don't consume any power for its operating. The paper discusses the event of an influence generation system employing a typical RTV.

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Investigation of performance on CNC Machine turning operation process parameters and responses by using Taguchi method[ ]


Machining Operations are involved in many manufacturing small scale industries. In machining operation involves various controlling operating parameters are feed rate, spindle speed and depth of cut. In this paper experimental setup consist of CNC lathe machine, EN-31 steel work material, cutting tool material tungsten carbide CNMG 12 04 04, Handy surf E-MC-S24B is used for Surface Roughness Measurement, stopwatch, weight measuring instrument is used to analyze the process parameter and enhancethe responses of process like surface finish and MRR using EN-31 steel work material, cutting tool material tungsten carbide CNMG 12 04 04. This paper aims to validate the experimental responses with Design of experiment approach by using methodology of multiple regression and Taguchi method with an aid of MINITAB -17 Software Tool. The paper final concluded from the experiment that surface finish and material removal rate is highly dependent on spindle speed and feed rate.

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testing and control of delta robot using fifth order polynomial[ ]


Some of the widely used application of linear delta robot is as a pick and place robot or in 3d printers .After observing the working of the currently used delta robot we found that the surface finishing of the product manufactured using the 3d printer (delta robot) is not so smooth as per required finish. In our project, we are using 5th order polynomial trajectory of motion for controlling a delta robot. Our main aim is to achieve the smooth working and to reduce the infinite jerks which the robot exerts while performing the motion. Also, we are trying to reduce the cost of manufacturing of delta robot by using an low cost controller thus making it more economical to small scale industries and hobbyist.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Bi-directional Flax Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite[ ]


In recent days, the petroleum by-products like carbon fiber and glass fibers are extensively used in construction and automotive industries. These products are harmful to human being and the environment as the manufacturing of such fibers evolves a lot of poisonous gases. Hence, the best alternative for this synthetic fiber can be a natural fiber like flax, jute, kenaf, sisal, etc. The present work describes the fabrication and characterization of natural fiber-based polymer bio-composite consisting of bidirectional flax fiber mat as reinforcement and epoxy resin as matrix material. The bio-composite material is fabricated by using a hand-layup technique with the help of a closed mould. The fabricated bio-composites were tested to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of the laminate.

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SOLAR DISTILLATOR ENHANCEMENT USING NANOPARTICLES[ ]


The experimental investigation has been performed in the month of April, 2019 at Kharghar, Maharashtra, India with latitude of 19.047321 N and longitude of 73.069908 E. The aim of this project is to analyse the effect of CuO Nano-particles on the operation of a traditional solar still. a single slope solar still is used in this experiment because of its manufacturing simplicity and cost effectiveness. In this project the conventional solar distillation process is improved by the use of CuO Nanoparticle mixed with black paint. For the experimentation purpose, CuO nanoparticles of 10nm size are mixed with black paint. Nano particles increases the surface thereby increasing the heat rate. While the traditional distillation process could yield maximum output for a period of 2-3 hours. The employment of Nano-particles increases the productivity The time period of experimentation was of 12 hours (from 8am to 8pm).Although a further water quality study needs to be performed, the experiment reveals promising results for next generation solar distillation process

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EVALUATION OF IMPACT PROPERTIES OF BIOCOMPOSITE MATERIAL REINFORCED WITH WASTE CORNHUSK FIBER[ ]


Composite materials are used widely in various manufacturing and construction applications worldwide. These composite materials are mostly manufactured from petroleum by products like glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid, etc. While fabricating such fibers a lot of toxic gases are emitted in the atmosphere. Along with this, while working on glass fibers very fine particles of fibers are suspended in air which are carcinogenic and may cause harm to humans by inhaling it. A better feasible solution is to replace such petroleum derived fibers with naturally derived fibers which are renewable and non-polluting to environment. In this research, we have develop a bio-composite from waste materials in which fibers from unused corn husk were used as reinforcement and corn starch was use as matrix. The husk were treated with NaOH solution to separate the fibers from husk and to remove any wax present in it. The starch was prepared with gelatinization process. The laminates were fabricated with hot press moulding process. Later tensile testing were done to evaluate laminate strength.

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Design Analysis Of Composite Flywheel Made Of Carbonfiber Using Finite Element Analysis: A Review[ ]


In present examination, to counter the prerequisite of smoothing out the extensive motions in speed amid a cycle of an I.C. Motor, a flywheel is planned, and broke down. By using Finite Element method is used to calculate the stresses inside the flywheel, we able to compare the Design and analysis result with existing flywheel. The finite element method of this model was then produced using the tetrahedron solid element. The analysis was performed in a static condition. We find out the total deformation, normal stress and equivalent stress by using FEA software. In this paper by observing the results of static analysis obtained carbon fiber is suggested as better material for designing of wheel as it has lower weight. This study of the enhancement of high-speed flywheel energy storage is to investigate composite materials that are suitable for high-speed, high-energy density for energy storage and/or energy recovery. The main motivation of the study is to explore the application of the flywheel in automobile car industry.

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Fabrication and Experimental Analysis of Fins[ ]


In this research, the heat transfer execution of balance is analyzed by plan of balance with different segments, for example, rectangular shape, triangular shape and circular shape. The cross-sectional zone of every one of the three segments will be same. The heat exchange execution of fins with various geometry having same territory is thought about. We will provide experimental setup to discover which is the most productive fin by ascertaining the given temperatures of the accompanying balances. On examination, triangular shape fin gives the best heat exchange than that of other shape having a similar region connected to finned surface. The adequacy of fin with triangular segment more noteworthy as contrast with different shapes on balance.

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INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HEMP BANANA FIBER COMPOSITE[ ]


World is as of now concentrating on alternate material sources that are ecofriendly and biodegradable in nature. Because of the expanding natural concerns, bio composite produced out of regular fiber and polymeric resin, is one of the advancements in the business and constitutes the present extent of experimental work. The use of composite materials field is increasing gradually in engineering. The composite consists of mainly two phases i.e. matrix and fiber. The accessibility of characteristic fiber and simplicity of assembling have enticed scientists worldwide to attempt by regional standards accessible inexpensive fiber and to learn their achievability of fortification determinations and to what degree they fulfill the obliged particulars of great strengthened polymer composite aimed at structural requisition. Fiber reinforced polymer composites has numerous preferences, for example, generally minimal effort of creation, simple to create and better quality contrast than perfect polymer tars due with this reason fiber strengthened polymer composite utilized within an assortment of provision as class of structure material. Natural fibers are low-cost fibers with low density and high specific properties. These are biodegradable and nonabrasive, unlike other reinforcing fibers. They are readily available and their specific properties are comparable to those of other fibers used as standard reinforcements. The properties of natural fibers over inorganic fibers include low density, low cost, renewability, recyclability, low energy consumption, no health risk. The major factors limiting the large scale production of natural fiber composites include the tendency of natural fiber to absorb water, degradation by microorganisms and sunlight and low service life. This work describe the mechanical behavior of banana and hemp fiber reinforced polymer composite with the extraordinary references to the impact of fiber orientation and the process of manufacturing fiber composites which is hand layup method. This method is one of the most effective method of making composites.

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Fabrication Of Wheel Operated Pesticides Sprayer[ ]


Farming is the heart of Indian culture. Around 70% of the rural economy depends on agriculture as means for livelihood. The farmers comes under different levels according to their economic condition like small, marginal, medium and rich farmers. Small scale farmers are still using manually operated instrument instead of developed techniques. In farming there are different works like sowing, weeding, reaping etc. In addition to that spraying pesticides is also preliminary action taken by farmers. To protect crops from insects, diseases, fungi and pests. Number of technologies are used for spraying pesticide by using electric, solar and chemical energies. Instead of wasting these energies we can use mechanical energy. Although using these equipment’s farmers face different problems like more cost as compare to manual, less working area, less sprayer tank capacity, more time consuming etc. To overcome these limitations number of product are launched in market, but they are not able to come over all the limitations at a time. We found a solution for all these problems by developing a mechanically operated multi-nozzle sprayer for which any type of energy or fuel is not required except mechanical. Main objective of this paper is to generate a low cost sprayer pump for poor farmers and minimize the efforts. An accurate working model has been fabricated. It gives similar nozzle pressure and cover maximum area. We used crank mechanism along with piston pump, which is derived by rotation of wheel.

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Analysis and modification on effluent treatment plant- A case study[ ]


Most of industrial Wastewater has high organic pollutant and are highly toxic. This WasteWater is harmful and not soluble in water. This is biggest reason that most of the industries often reuse Waste water for more than one purpose. The existing solution for reuse or purification of WasteWater is Effluent Treatment Process, But it cause some issues while purification. The Effluent Treatment Process contains various operations for purification of Waste water where we need to find out parameters like BOD (100mg/lit), COD (250 mg/lit), TSS (100 mg/lit), oil Grease (100 mg/lit) and pH level (5.5-9.0) within the limits. This paper gives an overview and modifications of ETP by testing various parameters of WasteWater. The modification of ETP has reduced the problems at time of processing and the parameters are also within the limits. The output waste of ETP i.e. Sludge are of two types i.e. Biological sludge and Chemical sludge which contains some toxic elements which can be eliminated and used as a fertilizer or for Land Filling. The treated water after purification can be used for various purposes like gardening, landscape development, washing roads etc. thus leading towards water conservation.

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Optimization Of MIG Welding Process Parameter Using Taguchi's Method Of AZ91[ ]


Of all engineering metals, Magnesium is very light metal with density of 1.74g/cc. Compared to aluminum it is 35% light. Therefore, AZ91 is used to great extent in automobile industries. Volkswagen, an automobile manufacturer was first to implement this in their “Beetle” car. Twenty two kilograms of magnesium was used in each model. In 1928 Porsche made an engine consisting of magnesium.We will be using Taguchi's method of optimization to get high hardness for weld for AZ91 (a magnesium alloy). The study of this project willbe helpful in selecting the welding parameters in automobile industry,oil pan, steering column,brackets, 4-wheel drive transfer case, and manual transmission case. Optimization will be done by the orthogonal L-9 array. Magnesium alloys are 20% comparatively more expensive than aluminum. Hence, we cannot afford to make wastage this expensive alloy.Our project study will help to get the correct configuration of parameters for achieving best hardness.

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Design & Fabrication of Linear Delta Robot[ ]


A delta robot is widely used in industries for pick and place operations and it is very popular in 3d printing hobbyists. After observing the working of the currently used Delta Robot we found that it has low workspace area, has low rigidity, its cost is high and surface finishing of the product manufactured using the Delta Robot is not as smooth as per required finish. In our project, we are using 5th order polynomial trajectory for the removal of the jerks, increasing the workspace, increasing the rigidity and to decrease the cost of manufacturing. Our aim is todesign and fabricate a modular delta robot which is also inexpensive. The cost also reduces when we use MDF wood for the fabrication of frame and Mild Steel Rods for its support.

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Design and Fabrication of Plastic Shredder Machine[ ]


The context of this paperwork is the study of Recycling of plastic waste and design and Fabrication of Shredder Machine. Plastic, since is a non degradable material and is potential to cause bad environmental effects, should be recycled. So our attempt is to design and fabricate a Shredder Machine with maximum optimization of the available resources at minimum cost. This paperwork is divided into two parts where the first part deals with the understanding of the need of plastic recycling and its types and properties and how it can be recycled. The second part sheds light on the design and Fabrication of Shredder Machine and its component details, how to operate it, advantages and limitations of the same. In these, design of Blade and machine frame are modified. For designing purpose AutoCAD 2D and SOLIDWORKS have been used.

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Emergency Fire Rescue Kit (Sky Saver)[ ]


Do you live or work in a multi-story building? On the off chance that the appropriate response is indeed, do you have an arrangement set up to enable you to empty the premises rapidly and securely in the event of a flame or other crisis? At the point when emergencies happen all of a sudden, it's not in every case simple to remain centered, think obviously and keep your cool. You need to be prepared. Sky Saver is a real existence sparing, individual self-salvage gadget, worn like a knapsack. It is lightweight, independent and simple to utilize. Just lash it on, connect the heat proof link to a protected grapple point, and you can securely let yourself down the side of the structure. Sky Saver is successful for use in structures up to 260 feet (80 meters). At the point when the circumstance is not kidding, and there's brief period to respond, Sky Saver is a definitive bit of survival gear for multi-story inhabitants.

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Design and Development of Rotary Accumulator Table[ ]


A rotary conveying, accumulating and qualifying mechanism for accomodating articles of various shapes. In our case bearing cup. Our aim is to design and develop rotary accumulation table consisting of round table made of ultrahigh molecular weight nylon(polyethene).It also consist of Asynchronous motor and the power will be transmitted with the help of chain drive. It acts as a buffer or accumulator when input feed is greater than output feed also helps in arranging and stacking of finished products. It acts as a buffer or accumulator when input feed is greater than output feed also helps in arranging and stacking of finished products. A stand-alone parts accumulator that can be retrofit as a unitary add-on to an existing production line. The prototype is to be made in half scale (1:2) of the actual model in order to save cost and also prove effectiveness of process. The variable frequency drive will be used to control the speed and torque of the motor by varying motor input frequency and voltage. The turntable used in industries is of ultrahigh molecular weight nylon(polyethene)material, since this material is quite expensive hence for our 1:2 model we will using acrylic , also support is made of extruded aluminium which will be replaced by mild steel. A lid will be attached to the central overhead bridge which is connected to a sensor, and if the lid is raised during the operation the system comes to a halt and thereby ensuring safety of the worker. Further improvements in the working of the prototype will be our objective and also the improvement in the actual number of components coming out. Additionally the various types of materials used in manufacturing and their effect on our prototype will be analysed.

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Effort towards Design and Fabrication of Injection Moulding Machine for Plastic Recycling[ ]


The main objective of this paper is to study the plastic injection moulding machine, how can it help to recycle and reuse and reduce plastic waste upto most social and economical purpose.The machine was assembled, well designed, constructed and tested. Basically the injection moulding machine is use to recycle and reuse the plastic. In this the binders and flux which is inserted in hopper is well mixed each other by the help of screw, after mixing in screw the mixture is then well heated at certain temperature and is thrown out by the pressure exerted by screw and gravity.in this project we have to tell you that the injection moulding process is the best method to recycle and reuse the plastic. The constructed injection moulding machine is use to make the paver blocks. So keep recycle and reuse of plastic to make other useful things to save your country from the big menace of plastic waste.

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RFID Applications in Industry 4.0: A Review[ ]


This paper presents RFID (radio- frequency identification) application in lean manufacturing using Industrial Revolution 4.0. By focusing on value adding activities we can boost firm’s performance significantly by applying lean. More effectively, Industry 4.0 is another promising trend in industry. To track the manufacturing execution by using RFID system is a significant and interesting topic for demonstration of Industry 4.0. Any manufacturing organization or workshops usually suffer from a bottleneck of capturing and collection of real time information of an on field job which is more important for improving productivity.

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Solar operated air cushion vehicle: a prototype[ ]


The aim of our project is to construct a remote control solar powered hovercraft. The Bluetooth module communication was done mistreatment programmed Arduinos, that turned a mobile into remote.Because hovercrafts float over a cushion of air, they'll travel over water and ground. For this reason, they're wont to navigate troublesome piece of land and may serve a mess of functions. they're useto perform rescue missions in shallow, muddy waters wherever boats with propellers and keels will become simply grounded. A craft additionally typically known as Associate in Nursing air cushion vehicle as a result of it will give way or across land or water surfaces whereas being command removed from the surfaces by a cushion of air.

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Automatic Drainage Cleaning System Using Solar Panel[ ]


In India disposal of solid waste in major issue, according to the sources 80% of solid waste is disposed in drainages, river, lake and other water bodies. A automatic drainage cleaning system is a mechanical device which is design to filter the river, sewer and drainage line passing through cities. The solid waste like plastic bottles, polythene bags, soft drink cans, solid scraps etc., are mostly flow with these lines which need to filter stage to stage. Otherwise this solid waste can cause blockage of these lines which tends to flood like situation in rainy season. To avoid this kind of situations this waste is needed to be taken out of the drainage for continuous flow of drainage water. Drainage can be clean using automatic mechanical system instead of manual robots and labor work . The proposed models chief function is to collect solid waste from drainage system and collect it in bucket. This system will work on solar energy so it can be use where electricity will be unavailable. The filtration is carried out by fully mechanically. This will reduce the problem faced in manual drainage cleaning. This system will help to reduce diseases causes due to the sewage water like malaria. Dengue, typhoid etc.

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PROCESS PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF PLASTIC INJECTION MOULDING BY TAGUCHI METHOD[ ]


Injection molding has been a challenging process for many manufacturers and researchers to produce products meeting requirements at the lowest cost. Faced with global competition in injection molding industry, using the trial and-error approach to determine the process parameters for injection molding is no longer good enough. Factors that affect the quality of a moulded part can be classified into four categories: part design, mold design, machine performance and processing conditions. The part and mold design are assumed as established and fixed. During production, quality characteristics may deviate due to drifting or shifting of processing conditions caused by machine wear, environmental change or operator fatigue. Determining optimal process parameter settings critically influences productivity, quality, and cost of production in the plastic injection molding (PIM) industry. Previously, production engineers used either trial-and-error method to determine optimal process parameter settings for PIM. However, this method is unsuitable in present PIM because of the increasing complexity of product design and the requirement of multi-response quality characteristics. The choice of DOE strategy (Taguchi or Classical DOE) depends a great deal on the degree of optimization required, resolution required, time and cost constraints, nature of the problem and they are illustrates the power of Taguchi approach to DOE. This concurred with the given references of the power of using Taguchi approach because this method is robust design, and they also apply the same method in optimization parameter injection molding plastic part.

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Electric Discharge Machining- An Overview[ ]


Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non conventional manufacturing process in which desired shape is obtained by using electrical discharges. Material is removal from the work piece is carried out by a series of rapidly recurring current discharges between two electrodes, separated by a dielectric liquid and subject to an electric voltage. The EDM process has many advantages over conventional machining processes, key among them being the capability to machine very hard materials and cut complex internal profiles. It is also used to machine micro-parts with high dimensional accuracy and surface finish.

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Analytical Study of Composite Sandwich Panel[ ]


Composite sandwich panels are used in various applications such as in racing cars, satellites, ship hulls and aircrafts etc. due to its light weight and high strength to weight ratio. Aim of this paper is to represent the strength characteristics of composite sandwich panel with aluminium honeycomb as core material and carbon fibre sheets as outer facing/skin theoretically. 3 point bending test is carried out on composite sandwich panel to determine its strength characteristics. Also, we theoretically calculated deflection and stiffness of composite sandwich panel.

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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF WATER WASTE COLLECTING MACHINE[ ]


These days, environmental issues like garbage waste area unit increasing day by day in several cities in Republic of India. These issues arise thanks to industries waste, construction sites, and waste from building homes and through the varied festivals like Ganpati visarjan, Navratri there are several wastes thrown in watercourses that cause the river water is impure. thanks to the floating of waste in lakes, the water becomes foul & dirty. In lakes conjointly the waste will block the water flow. we have a tendency to try to style our project to use a straightforward and economical thanks to collect the Wastages and get rid of in merchandising grounds provided by governments.

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Phytoremediation in Sewage Treatment[ ]


Water being the source of life has become a scarce resource in this millennium. Since the limited resource availability, reuse of the available supply is more suggestible. For the said goal, many technologies prevail addressing the task, among which is the technique Phytoremediation. Lots of waste waters get generated from industrial, commercial and domestic origins and are discarded. Phytoremediation converts this wastewater into usable water with the help of plants. This is a very eco-friendly technique which decontaminates the wastewater in a very economical way. This study emphasis on treatment of wastewater using different plants such as Duckweed, water hyacinth etc. It has found that this plant reduces COD, BOD, TDS & Chloride content of waste water with efficiency of 50% with HRT of 2 day. As density of plants increases, the efficiency of treatment also increases. Hence at the end of 2nd day more than half of concentration of the waste is reduced.

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A REVIEW OF INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINTS[ ]


The climate change and global warming is no more academicians pass time and it is a real threat which is going to affect each and every living being on the planet. Since the Industrial Revolution, human sources of carbon dioxide emissions have been growing. Human activities such as the burning of oil, coal and gas, as well as deforestation are the primary cause of the increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. In 2010, emissions from electricity and heat production reached 12.5 billion tons, and emissions from transport totalled 6.7 billion tons and the agricultural sector totalled 4.7 billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent. While the main purpose of the technology is to augment power, it does reduce carbon footprint. This paper reviews various studies on industry carbon footprint.

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Light weight concrete (partial replacement of cement and coarse aggregates)[ ]


This paper presents an experimental investigation on structural concrete with partial replacement of coarse aggregates using electronic plastic waste (E-Plastic) and cement using waste paper. The use of waste paper and E-plastic in concrete formulations was investigated as an alternative to landfill disposal. In view of utilizing the non-degradable waste in construction industry, plastic from computer ,TV, printer , etc. and newspaper was considered as a coarse aggregates and cement was replaced with different percentage ( 0, 5, 10, 15) of E plastic and paper by volume for M 25 mix. Test was performed for properties of fresh and hardened concrete at different ages such as 7 and 28 days. As a result compressive strength increase upto 10% addition of waste paper and E plastic, further increase in waste paper and E plastic reduces the strength gradually.

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Regenerative Smart Solar Vehicle[ ]


This project is all about regeneration. In this project current is produced by the phenomenon of braking torque. During the regeneration reverse current is produced which is transferred to battery for recharging it. As the current produced by regeneration is insufficient to charge the battery, additional solar panel is installed at the roof of the vehicle so that 2 sources of current will charge the battery. In this the battery will recharge at faster rate so as to run for more than 3-4 hours depending on the solar panel. This is a cyclic process where first battery is used to run the vehicle and then the moving vehicle will produce current (additional solar panel ) which will lead to recharging of battery.

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A REVIEW ON ADVANCEMENTS IN ELECTROMAGNETIC COIL GUN MECHANISM[ ]


A ground based electrically powered launcher could appreciably reduce the complication and cost of space launches for moderate weight payloads. This paper presents results of a study to calculate the required specifications. This study is based on electromagnetic gun technology which is constrained to a coaxial geometry to take advantage of the efficiency of closely coupled coils. Each coil is fired one after the other as the projectile moves down. A hybrid power electronic system has been used for firing of a projectile with no chemical substances, no loud noise or fire. With this in mind, this paper presents the electronic weaponry, which brings a great revolution in the field of advanced weaponry systems in our country and makes us proud.

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Advance Approach For Fire And Safety[ ]


This project attempts to bring under one cover all the information about and related to our topic advance approach for fire and safety. The basic idea behind installation of firefighting systems is extraordinarily simple and maybe that is why also people tend to miss out on the essential requirement of the same.In introduction discusses the complexities of relationship between humans and fire and the status of human efforts of control the disastrous effects of fire. A subsequent section examines characteristics and behavior of fire, with a special note on smoke movement in building. We also discuss fire safety and protection of building in design and construction, with attention to high rise structures. Fire hazards in residential and commercial buildings and understanding the role and responsibility of public fire department and facilities for fire protection are examined. Several sections offer details of fire protection devices and system including fire alarms, detection devices guard services, extinguishing agent, water sprinkler, special system at portable fire extinguishing. Today, we see the emergence, not only of new technologies, but also efficient working and usage of the existing fire protection system. Saving lives and property has been the basic aim since time immemorial. Hence, the motivation of this project: to create an unbreachable system such that even fire also cannot spread its flames. At last all the ideas represented before are tried to install in holistic model.

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Revamping of used oil using filtration process[ ]


In this study, a physical method was applied to revamp the used engine oil by the process of sedimentation in addition with the filtration process through the micron oil filter combined with the centrifugal separation and finally by heating the oil to the apt temperature to evaporate all the water content. During whole process of revamping the base property of the oil remains the same. After the usage oil get contaminated due to the factors like continuous friction between two rubbing parts. After the contamination of oil there is increase in the compounds of sulphur and barium also if the oil is used in the engine then there is increase in the carbon, ash and soot content in the oil which are highly toxic and may cause pollution to the zenith if not filtered. Also the dumping of used oil into the soil can lead to the degradation of the soil and that land may become barren and if the same oil is lead to the water ways via drainage then the contaminated oil is capable of polluting 10 million gallon of water per gallon of waste oil. Also the revamping aids benefit to the consumer by being able to use that same oil. Hence oil should be revamped as it adds benefits to both nature and consumers.

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End Life Of Vehicle Management : A Review[ ]


End-of-life vehicle (ELV) waste flow is an essential environmental matter, since of its fast growing (prenominal) amount and specific combination of precarious substances. Its recycling is a material of country’s attitude towards maintains the surrounding safety and it has emerged as a unusual region of expert research. In this paper, we confer a holistic conception of the environmental engineering test of the ELV recycling by casement a broad range of peer-revision journal papers. The aim of this review paper is to give an broad satisfied analysis overview of the literature published in the period 2012- 2018. In addition, the major assortment system and a disposal list of journal papers reveal in the estimate period are constitute to recognize the primary publication outlets. Finally, on the basis of the accomplish review, several significant recommendations for the prospective research are spotlight and investigate.

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FEASIBILITY OF TRAFFIC IN KHARGHAR NODE[ ]


The growing demand for public transport in cities has serious effects on urban ecosystems, especially due to the increased atmospheric pollution and changes in land use patterns. An ecologically sustainable urban transport system could be obtained by an appropriate mix of alternative modes of transportation. Transport, because of its pervasive nature, occupies a central position in the fabric of modern urbanized society. This project involves a case study for the feasibility of traffic in Kharghar node. The feasibility study involves the solution which is physically and economically possible to perform. We aim to provide a solution to the traffic problems, which have increased in the last few years due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. With this, the increase in population has caused rapid growth in private and commercial vehicles affecting the traffic. Hence we aim to undergo a study were the multidimensional parameters will be considered. The solutions will be carried out in the most efficient and time-saving manner, where public transportation like a rickshaw, bus, skywalk will be efficient to reduce the traffic. Main interpretation that usually follows the term feasibility is one of the following: the case in which an alternative option, a strategy plan, a design or a different location is proved economically preferable The problem which has been identified will be resolved as per the demand and nature of the problem rather than just stating the previous study conclusions

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Fabrication And Analysis of Water Cooling Tower[ ]


Due to the increase in industrialization and increasing power demand, the load on power plant increase to fulfill the outstanding requirements. Water cooling tower plays an important role in improving the overall efficiency of the power plant. It is an essential setup widely used in industrial sector, hospital, schools, boilers etc. the steam coming out of the turbine is converted to liquid water in condenser but the water is still hot and cannot be stored in the storage tank or released in the nature. This is where water cooling tower comes into play and reduces temperature of the water to ambient temperature. Mechanical Draft Air Convection water cooling tower is widely used in plants because of low maintenance and for good performance. In analysis, we found that increasing the heat exchanging area which results in more working ability of cooling tower. So we increase the heat exchange area by providing triangular and pin profile mild steel fins. This resulted in reduction in time required to cool the water as fins facilitated in transmission the heat from the water. We observed that pin fins improved the performance of water cooling tower in by 17% in comparison of mechanical Draft cooling tower with triangular fins. This type of study inspire use to increase performance and workability of cooling tower which enhances the efficiency of power plants.

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Effect of Vanadium Powder Suspended dielectric on process parameters in PMEDM[ ]


The objective of the present research is to study the influence of process parameters such as peak current, pulse on time, Vanadium mixing powder concentration on machining performance of different types of die steel (AISID3, AISID6, H13) with round copper electrode (20 mm diameter) on machining performance (MRR). Experiments have been designed using Taguchi method. It is expected that Vanadium powder concentration mixed in dielectric fluid significantly affect the machining performance, maximum (MRR) is obtained at a high peak current.

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Behavior of flat slab with drop and without drop[ ]


Punching is one of the most important phenomena to be considered during the design of reinforced concrete flat slabs. Three main factors affect the punching behavior. These factors are concrete compressive strength, horizontal flexural reinforcement, and vertical shear reinforcement in the form of stirrups, studs or other forms. Flat-slab system is widely used nowadays. Major and critical problem of this system is its sudden brittle failure is called punching shear failure. To overcome the punching failure problem, there are many ways to increase the punching shear strength of concrete slabs, increasing slab thickness in the area adjacent to the column, increasing column thickness which is against the architectural desire. An attempt has been made to study effect of punching shear in flat slab with drop and without drop in G+15 building.

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Study of PSC Box Girder Bridge subjected to the Two-Way Traffic [ ]


Nowadays most efficient and economical structural system for bridge decks has been the Box Girder Bridges. However, in India sometimes bridges designed for one-way traffic may be used for temporary duration as a two-way traffic. In this project, three-dimensional finite element analysis of a simply supported PSC box girder section for dead load and live load using four nodded shell elements is done to evaluate the effects. The structure is modeled and analyzed in ABAQUS software. The results obtained show, the effects of loading, support and geometry of cross-section on the behavior in terms of development of normal stresses in different box girders. The design of box girder bridge is as per Indian Standard Specifications. It can be concluded from the present study that the introducing two-way traffic one one-way bridge induces more stresses and deflection in girder.

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EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF S.I ENGINE USING OXY-HYDROGEN[ ]


In this experiment we have studied the basic properties of gas generated through electrolysis of water and then used this gas in the bike as a fuel with gasoline by mixing it with air. This results the increased mileage of bike up to 30 to 60% and reduce the polluting contents from the exhaust gases. Hydrogen gas combined with the standard air/fuel mixture increases the mileage. This form of alternative fuel is provided by a hydrogen generator mounted in the vehicle. Once set up is ready, the hydrogen gas (fuel) will be produced from water, an electrolyte compound, and electricity supplied from a battery provided. It is actually an electrolysis unit having high grade stainless steel/graphite/semiconductors as electrodes in a closed container and mixture of distilled water & suitable ionic solution (KOH or NaOH) as electrolyte. Power for electrolysis is taken from an additional battery provided (12V). This battery can be recharged from a dynamo/alternator/motor provided on the vehicle. Keyword- KOH, NaOH, SI engine, electrolysis of water, hydrogen cell.

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Comparative analysis of heat exchanger with different inserts[ ]


A heat exchanger is a device which is used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Heat exchangers are normally used for both cooling and heating processes. The fluids can be separated by a solid wall so the fluid does not mix with each other. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. There are various type of heat exchanger like shell and tube heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger, plate and shell heat exchanger, helical coil heat exchanger etc. In the industry the shell and tube heat exchanger is very popular because of it’s heat dissipation rate. In shell and tube heat exchanger normally straight tube is used but the size of shell and tube is very large due to this it is not economical in small scale industry. In this paper we are going to do experimental study of different inserts so heat dissipation rate increases and we can decrease the shell size and it becomes more efficient and economical. We are going to compare three various shape of inserts. The rectangular, triangular & circular shapes are compared to find which type of inserts have good heat dissipation rate.

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Challenges in Municipal Solid Waste Management in India[ ]


India faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Current systems in India cannot cope with the volumes of waste generated by an increasing urban population, and these impacts on the environment and public health. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. The main problems of managing this solid wastes are accumulation, segregation, transportation and lack of public awareness. About 70-80% of the generated solid waste has been collected for disposal and rest is remains in the streets, institutions and different places. Accumulation of this waste in nature affects the living and non-living environment adversely. So the need of the day is to manage solid waste properly. The present study describes and evaluates the present status of municipal solid waste management in India.

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Performance Comparison of Clustering Algorithm On Banking Dataset[ ]


Clustering is a technique used in data mining which is used to set data elements into their interrelated groups with no advancement of knowledge regarding grouping of definitions. It is not a particular algorithm but a common task is being solved. There will be three cluster in one algorithm. This cluster will be formed on the basis of the amount of transaction.It evaluates the performance of clustering algorithm based on accuracy, time efficiency and error rates. Analysing this data the additional benefit services can be given to the customer. Clustering is a process of grouping a set of similar data objects within the same group based on similarity criteria (i.e. based on a set of attributes). There are many clustering algorithms. The proposed system shows the comparative analysis of three clustering algorithms namely K-means algorithm, Farthest first algorithm and Density based algorithm. These algorithms are compared in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The data for clustering is used in normalized and as well as un-normalized format. In terms of efficiency and accuracy K-means produces better results as compared to other algorithms. The K-mean algorithm specifies 90% of time accuracy compare to other two algorithm.Clustering is the process of grouping of data, where the grouping is done by finding similarities between data based on their features or characteristics. Such groups are termed as Clusters. A study of comparison of clustering algorithms across banking customer is performed here. The performance of the various clustering algorithms is compared based on the time taken to form the desired clusters. The experimental results of various clustering algorithms to form clusters are represented as a graph. Identifying customers by a customer behaviour analysis model is helpful characteristics of customer and facilitates marketing strategy development.

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