NCIME 2017- National conference on Innovations in Mechanical Engineering

"NCIME 2017 Conference Papers "

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Review: Heat Transfer Coefficient in Pin-Fins[ ]


The development of technology with increase heat transfer coefficient rate stimulated extensive research throughout the world leading to the use increasing of heat flux and heat transfer areas. The present study is the review on heat transfer coefficient in pin fin. Pin fins are one of the parts to transfer heat from system to surrounding and vice versa. Review of investigation of heat transfer coefficient for variation of Reynolds number. Forced and natural convection is the major part of the analysis. It studied that future development of some technologies discussed.

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An Experimental Investigation On Thermal Performance Of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe And Conventional Heat Pipe With Hydrocarbon As Working Fluid[ ]


An experimentation investigation on thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) and conventional heat pipe (CHP) with hydrocarbon as working fluid determine the effect of heat transfer and overall system performance at a given constrained dimensional heat source. The experimental investigation included start-up time, temperature, the average, minimum, and maximum evaporator temperature during its operation, the overall heat transfer capability, and the overall thermal resistance of the system, also the behavior of closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) and conventional heat pipe (CHP) under different heat inputs and with the different working fluids. To achieve the goal the experimental setup is fabricated and tested with two different working fluids Acetone and Methanol with the filling ratio of 60 %. This work provides the detailed discussion on the thermal performance and behavior of closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) and conventional heat pipe (CHP) with Acetone and Methanol as working fluid at different heat inputs.

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Heat Transfer Analysis of 2-Stage G-M Cryocooler at 4 K Steady State Temperatures for the Determination of its Capacity[ ]


A two stage Gifford-Mc Mahon Cryocoolers are used to produce ultra-low temperatures in the range of 4 K to 40 K in the cryo-genics experimentations. Commercially available G-M Cryocoolers have wide range of cooling capacity. Heat transfer analysis has been carried out in the present study on the G-M Cryocooler at no load condition by considering experimental observations as input data. The rated capacity of the G-M Cryocooler is 1.5 W at 4 K temperature. By producing 4 K temperature on the cryocooler at no load condition, the same has been analysed by heat transfer approach. All the modes of heat transfer has been calculated at steady temperature of 4 K with steady vacuum level in the range of 10-5 Torr. The calculated capacity of the Cryocooler has been found near to the rated capacity of 1.5 W at 4 K. The same approach can be made useful to calculate the capacity of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems.

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Vapor Phase Drying for Moisture Removal from Transformer Coil Insulation[ ]


Cellulose based material like paper & pressboards form a very important feature of the transformer construction process. The life end of a transformer depends on the state of cellulose insulation materials like paper & pressboards. Paper with 1.5% moisture content ages 10 times faster than with only 0.3% moisture. It is very critical that the moisture is removed from transformer insulation. Technology has evolved for the moisture removal process from transformer insulation but has not remained efficient over the period of time due to the need of transformers of higher rating. All the methods have an extensive cycle time which may last up to days together incurring heavy energy expenses. Today’s best method available for moisture removal from insulation is vapor phase drying and as compared with other conventional methods, has relatively less cycle time.

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Numerical Simulation of Tubular Combustion Chamber Using Kerosene-Methanol Blend[ ]


Traditional methods like modification of the firing system or post combustion treatment of the flue gas to reduce emissions of CO, CO2, and NOx are very expensive methods. Due to presence of limited reserve of conventional fuels and to reduce the emissions, scientist is continuously searching for the alternative fuels. Many study shows that partial replacement of conventional fuel by biomass based alternative fuels is good option to reduce the emissions. The present work aims to study effect of methanol on temperature and emissions when it is blended with kerosene. Four fuels are considered for numerical analysis kerosene and three blends of methanol (10%, 20% and 30% by volume). Two dimensional axi-symmetric combustor model is considered for numerical study. Ansys fluent 16 is used as CFD for numerical analysis. P1 gray radiation model, K-ϵ turbulence model, non-premixed combustion model, thermal NOx model and mass brooks model for soot are considered for analysis. Numerical results are compared with experimental results of literature taking kerosene as base line fuel. Numerical results show good agreement with the experimental results. Further numerical analysis is carried out to study the effect of methanol on emissions and combustor centerline temperature with blends. Result reveals reduction in emissions like CO, CO2, and NOx. Temperature distribution and flame length are affected by use of methanol blend.

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Qualitative & Cost Effective Producer gas Production System[ ]


This paper reveal some misconceptions related to production of qualitative producer gas. In existing system it is observed that to produce power from internal combustion engine by using producer gas, it takes specific biomass and various scrubbing systems which makes this system expensive. In our research we have found that by using ordinary wood as biomass, some nominal scrubbing andchange in various governing parameters we can produce excellent quality of gas economically.

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Review on Advance Augmentation and Future Opportunity of Magnetic Refrigeration Systems[ ]


Since 1748 from the development of first refrigeration system based on vapor compression refrigeration cycle by William Cullen, vapor compression refrigeration system requires advance modification to improve its low coefficient of performance and minimize its environmental impact. In spite of all these modifications over these years world is still dealing with same issues with vapor compression refrigeration system, but these issues can be overcome by using magnetocaloric effect for refrigeration purpose. First room temperature magnetic refrigeration based on magnetocaloric effect was demonstrated by Brown in 1976. Magnetic refrigeration system has not been developed up to that extent since 1976, but from 1990 it draws the attention of researchers due to its advantages over vapour compression refrigeration systems like low noise, no environmental impact, low energy efficiency etc. This review paper is dealing with survey and analysis of resent development in magnetic refrigeration systems and at the end of this paper the possible future magnetocaloric systems are describe to explore the future achievable advancement in magnetic refrigeration systems.

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Opoc Engine An Emerging Technology In I.C. Engine: Review[ ]


In this century, most of the fossil fuels like crude oil, natural gas and many petroleum products will become very scarce and costly. Day-to-day, fuel economy of engines is also getting increased. But as the efficiency of an engine is improved it gives rise to another problem which is emissions. Then to control the amount of emissions coming out of the IC engines a fuel is selected which produces fewer emissions after the combustion. Another problem which is faced while designing the IC engine is its bulky size and more energy consumption. Presently, the IC engines which are used in the market produced comparatively less power than which is expected from them. Also there is knocking effect due to improper combustion of fuel in combustion chambers. In this paper it is studied that by what means these problems can be overcome by the implementation of new technology in IC engines. An OPOC engine is one of the key for the today’s need of higher power at lower consumption of fuel. It is comparatively much better than the other engines which are presently in the market or still in development phase. An OPOC engine is studied and compared with opposed piston engine on the basis of its performance. Various parts of the OPOC engine is being studied in detail. OPOC’s working mechanism is elaborated in detail and compared with opposed piston engine.

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A Review Paper on Redesigned Piston Rings to Improve Engine Performance[ ]


The usage of internal combustion engines is increasing day by day to satisfy human thirst, which has led to consumption of fossil fuel at a drastic level contributing more than 80% human CO2 emission. As we know that the government norms are becoming stringent day by day due to increase in percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere. Reducing the global emissions of the internal combustion engines is a prime focus of this paper by decreasing fuel consumption. Friction in Internal combustion engines is mainly due to constantly abrading parts like Piston, Piston Rings, Cylinder Liner and other engine auxiliaries. Fuel consumption can scaled down by reducing friction between piston ring assembly and cylinder liner, which nearly accounts for approximately 20% of Engine losses. The friction in the ring assembly is mainly due to top ring (compression) friction which is maximum at T.D.C and B.D.C. positions. Friction can be reduced by analysing and experimenting various materials, shapes, sizes, coatings of the piston Rings for Internal Combustion engine. Model prediction indicated that by employing Skewed Barrel Profile with a positive twist, Taper napier Profile with negative twist and tapered ring with negative twist in the first, second and third piston rings grooves respectively reduces a considerable amount of friction of piston rings assembly, ultimately reducing the consumption of fuel and thereby reducing the emissions from internal combustion engines.

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In-pipe Water Power Generation from Spherical Turbine[ ]


An environmental protective electrical power generating system is the need of this generation. This project relates to an innovative approach for generating electrical power utilizing the flow of sewer waste liquid, as the energy source for operating turbines which in turn, drive electrical power generators. The objective is to create self-sustainable system to generate electricity with the help of the kinetic and pressure energy of the flow of water which runs the turbine assemblies including spherical turbines coupled to generator, sequentially located in the subsequent channel of water. In this project activity, we will be studying the required process parameters, design requirements, operational parameters, cost of implementation and power generating capacity of a spherical turbine in-pipe water power generator for ten households in a street.

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Integrating Finned Tube Heat Exchanger and Liquid Desiccant Cooling[ ]


Lower electrical power consumption and greenhouse gas emission would help to make the technology of air conditioning more sustainable. In present work, a conventional finned tube cooling water coil for air conditioning application was integrated with a liquid desiccant distribution and collection system to work as an internally cooled liquid Desiccant-Air contacting device. More than two-fold rise in latent cooling could be achieved as compared to only chilled water at 16.5oC temperature. This shows that by use of liquid desiccant, the total cooling provided by a cooling coil can be increased and latent cooling can be significantly enhanced at higher cooling water temperatures.

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Single Bubble Dynamics Study during Nucleate Boiling[ ]


A large number of studies of bubble release frequency and departure diameter are found in the literature. Number of vapor bubbles per unit time depends on liquid, evolving interface, system physical parameters. Wall superheat, size of nucleation site etc. parameters affect bubble departure diameter in nucleate boiling heat transfer. This paper reports experimental study of effect of wall superheat in nucleate pool boiling heat transfer on single bubble dynamics using ammonium chloride. Single bubble is generated using vertical hypodermic needle tip as nucleation site. Here the hypodermic needle is used where inner diameter is 0.514 mm with a constant depth of 25 mm. Single bubble dynamics is studied using PCO high-speed camera operating at 120 frames per second at atmospheric conditions and at a wall superheat of 3 K to 20 K for heat flux 601 kW/m2 and 3 K to 29 K for heat flux 950 kW/m2. Concentration of ammonium chloride is 2200ppm and 2600 ppm which is critical micelle concentration at heat flux both 601 kW/m2 and 950 kW/m2. Second order polynomial for departure diameter and third order polynomial for bubble release frequency is investigated. The results conclude that addition of ammonium chloride enhances formation of vapor nuclei at nucleation site. At critical micelle concentration, the bubble release frequency is maximum and enhances nucleate pool boiling at artificial nucleation site.

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Performance Analysis for the High Mass Flow Rate Double-Pass Solar Air Collector with and Without Porous Media[ ]


The double-pass solar collector with porous media in the lower channel provides a higher outlet temperature compared to the conventional double-pass collector without porous media. As a result, the thermal performance of the solar collector with porous media is higher. To develop a solar air heater of higher mass flow rate a literature survey was conducted to specify the design parameter and based on this survey a collector was designed and the porous media has been inserted to increase the total heat transfer rate and contact area. Moreover, the effect of higher mass flow rate and temperature rise has a higher thermal efficiency for the double-pass solar collector. In addition, pressure drop and heat transfer relationships have been developed for airflow through the porous media. The experiment concluded that for the higher mass flow rate the presence of porous media in the second channel increases the thermal performance of the overall system by 20%.

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A Review of Air Conditioning with the Use of Mini-Channel and Micro-Channel Heat Exchanger[ ]


Use of micro-channel and mini channel heat exchangers are significantly increased in air conditioning applications due to its favorable characteristics like higher heat and mass transfer, compact system and lower cost etc. In this review paper, characteristics of air conditioning system with minichannel and micro channel heat exchangers are analyzed. Mini-channel and micro-channel heat exchangers have higher surface contact area to volume ratio. Minichannel and micro-channel heat exchangers are lighter in weight because they are made of aluminum only. Also the cost of mini channel heat exchanger is less because of aluminum structure. Mini channel uses less power and refrigerant charge so it is also good for environment. Effectiveness of mini channel heat exchanger is increased by using fin at internal and external both the side. Mini-channel heat exchanger and micro-channel heat exchanger can be used in refrigeration and air conditioning system. In air conditioning system at both mini channel and micro-channel heat exchanger can be applied as both the condenser and evaporator. As mini and micro-channel heat exchangers are compact in size they are very much suitable for the automotive air conditioning system. Mini-channel and micro-channel heat exchanger the sensible and latent both cooling capacity increases and overall efficiency of air conditioning system increases.

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Experimental Investigation & Validation of Prop-erties of Synthesized Biodiesel from Non-edible Oil Seeds[ ]


Fossil fuels are the most prominent energy source for rapid growth of nation’s economy and fast developing industrialization since many decades. Stringent environmental norms and energy security has forced researchers to think for alternatives energy resources. Biodiesel is one of the alternatives that can replace conventional fossil fuel and can use in any conventional engine, without any design modifications. Several technologies are developed to reduce harmful gases emitted by the gasoline engine, but if fuel itself is not clean, then all these design modifications are not affordable and sustainable. So the main aim of this research is to carry out experimental investigation of properties of biodiesel to improve oil recovery and good quality of fuel from Jatropha, Cotton seeds and Undi oil using transesterification process. Also, it deals with validation of properties of synthesized biodiesel as per ASTM D-6751 standards. The result showed that modified biodiesel plant has oil recovery above 90% for jatropha, and undi oil, properties of synthesized biodiesel are also validated as per standards.

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Experimental Analysis of Delta Winglet Type Vortex Generator Attached on Tube Surface of Tube in Tube Heat Exchanger for Heat Transfer Enhancement[ ]


The Vortex generator is responsible for creating the turbulence in flow of fluid. Delta winglet type vortex generator is used enhance the heat transfer rate in tube in tube heat exchanger. The vortex generators are directly welded on internal side of tubes of tube in tube heat exchanger, which results in to stream wise longitudinal vortices in the tube which disrupt the growth of thermal boundary layer and enhance the heat transfer rate. Influence of geometrical parameter such as aspect ratio, winglet attack angle on heat transfer is studied on rectangular, square, triangular and delta type winglet vortex generator and pressure drop is also calculated to find out the effect on heat transfer rate. Air is taken as working fluid. The flow regime is assumed to be laminar. By varying the above parameter the heat transfer coefficient is calculated and compares all result optimum Dimension of winglet is selected. From the experimentation, delta winglet type vortex generator with size 15mm x 20mm with 30° attack angle has high heat transfer coefficient and high heat transfer rate as compared with other types of winglet vortex generator.

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Heat Pipe Oil Cooler Module with Cross Flow Structure for Hydraulic System[ ]


Hydraulic equipment suffers with the problem of overheating. Heating hydraulic system during operation is caused by inefficiencies. The loss input power is converted into heat. This heat if not dissipated to atmosphere then system comes under the condition of overheating. In current market, various heat exchangers are used to avoid overheating, but they require a lot of space, extra power and investment is required for the cooling water circuit and maintenance of the heat exchanger. Therefore oil coolers are needed to design specifically for mobile hydraulic applications where high performance and efficiency are required and physical size is minimized to allow easy installation. Typical applications include mobile cranes, concrete mixers and pump trucks, road paving machines & transmission cooling. The oil cooler use a combination of high performance cooling elements and hydraulic motors to give long trouble free operation in mobile hydraulic applications. The compact design allows the coolers to fit most equipment and provide the highest cooling performance in heat dissipation whilst minimizing space required. The paper focuses on the design and performance analysis of a single unit of oil cooler, which consist of base module aluminium block with concentric channels for oil passage moving about a heat pipe evaporator section which then dissipates the heat to a rectangular fin structure assisted by forced air cooling. The paper discusses the selection of heat pipe for the application of oil cooling and performance of the heat exchanger in terms of LMTD, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient.

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Performance and Emission Analysis of CI Engine with Ethanol Blended Fuel[ ]


Considering energy crises and pollution problems today, investigations have been concentrated on decreasing fuel con-sumption by using alternative fuels and on lowering the concentration of toxic components in combustion products. In the present work, the variable compression ratio Compression ignition engine designed to run on Diesel has been tested with pure Diesel, and Diesel blended with ethanol 0%, 05%,7.5%,10%,12.5% and 15% by volume without any engine modifications has been tested and presented the result. Performance tests were conducted for, fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, brake power, engine torque and brake specific fuel consumption, while exhaust emissions were analyzed for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and NOx at constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The results showed that blending ethanol with Diesel increases the Indicated power, brake thermal efficiencies and fuel consumption, while it decreases the brake specific fuel consumption and volumetric efficiency. The CO and CO2 emissions concentrations in the engine exhaust does not vary substantially while NOx reduces upto 50%.The 15 volm% ethanol in fuel blend gives the best results for all measured parameter at all engine speeds.

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Design and Development of an ECU with Open Loop Feedback System for Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI) Engine[ ]


The fuel injection is not a new concept. But the approach towards cost effectiveness, compatibility and reliable electronic control has a lot to do with the success of the fuel injection. Electronic is playing a key role in the fuel management and ignition. The precise control of the ignition and injection timing which is possible by electronic means allows reliable combustion. In the present work, an Electronic Control Unit(ECU) hardware device is developed for the fuel injection control of the duel fuel Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI) Engine. This ECU will be used to control the injector timing of the fuel injection system.

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Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics for the hydrogen and petrol fueled MPFI spark ignition engine[ ]


The demand of crude oils made researcher/automobile manufacturer look for alternative fuels which renewable and locally available. Hydrogen is differing from all the alternatives because of its outstanding properties and more than that it won’t give any hazardous emissions. This paper shows the performance and emission comparison of hydrogen and petrol fuel experimentally. The exhaustive experiment was conducted on four cylinder, four stroke, manifold injected spark ignition engine by varying speeds of an engine. The result shows that improvement in brake specific fuel consumption and reduction in emissions for the hydrogen fuel but for brake power an brake mean effective pressure shows decline performance when compare to the petrol fuel.

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Experimental Investigation of grooved tube in tube heat exchanger with and without Nano-fluid[ ]


This paper presents experimental investigation of tube in tube heat exchanger in which four different heat exchanger test sections[1] are compared for different thermal characteristics. Tubes of heat exchanger test section are made up with single start internal/external and combined grooves. Overall heat transfer coefficient is compared with increase in inlet temperature by keeping flow rate constant. Variation of Reynolds number with Nusselt number and friction factor are checked by varying flow rate. Water, Al2O3 Nanofluid of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% has been studied. The results are compared with Open Literature. It has been observed that overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in concentration of nano-fluid. Increase in surface irregularities leads to increase in pressure drop. For plain pipe heat exchanger 48% increase in overall heat transfer coefficient is observed for 0.75% concentrated Al2O3 nanofluid as compared to distilled water. Same was 27%, 25% and 16% for section 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Nusselt number varies as 10.25, 11.89, 4.75, 7.5% respectively for test section 1,2,3,4 respectively. Pressure drop of 37% is observed in grooved tubes as compared to plain tubes.

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Review of various methods for onboard hydrogen production[ ]


In the current scenario fossil fuels are the main sources of energy, but they have a major disadvantage which is the amount of pollution that they cause. Green energy is the suitable alternative for fossil fuels because they don’t cause any pollution. This causes a need for an alternative green fuel which is abundant in nature and also easy to harness. Solar energy is a green fuel that comes to mind first, but it is very difficult to harness due to the low efficiency of solar cells. Hydrogen is a green fuel that can be produced easily and due to its high calorific value is a very good alternative for fossil fuels.Various methods of hydrogen production exist viz. Steam Reforming, Thermolysis, Radiolysis, Photocatalytic water splitting, Alkaline Water Electrolysis, Alkali metal-water reaction and the latest Carbon Catalyst-Hydrogen On Demand(CC-HOD). Currently the problem with usage of hydrogen as a source of energy is its storage, hencethe development of onboard production method which can be used to power small IC engines is underway. Main disadvantage of above production methods for onboard application is feasibility and compactness of production unit.Methods which are suitable for onboard production are Alkaline water electrolysis, Alkali metal-water reaction and CC-HOD.In this paper we are reviewing different methods of hydrogen generation which is based on various parameters to decide a feasible method for onboard production. The methods that are being reviewed are Aluminum-Water Electrolysis, Aluminum NaOH solution reaction and CC-HOD method. Among the above methods, CC-HOD method can be further studied and optimized to use as onboard hydrogen production method.

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Performance Analysis of Vapour Compression Re-frigeration System with Spiral Micro-tube Condenser[ ]


Energy recovery is the prime requirement today to optimize energy consumption. The maximum utilization of thermal energy is achieved by properly designed Heat Exchangers, and selection of temperature program. This paper work elaborates performance of condenser on coefficient of performance of vapour compression refrigeration system. The purpose of paper is to compare the COP of refrigerator by using Spiral micro-tube condenser with the conventional type condenser. It was observed from the past research that the effectiveness of the heat exchanger for other varying shaped coil is more than that for the U- shape coil. In this context, it is essential to carry out the research for COP increment; thus spiral micro-tube air cooled condenser will be attached in the domestic refrigeration test rig to find out the COP of the system.

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Design, Experimentation and analysis of Photovoltaic Operated Instantaneous Water Cooler[ ]


In today’s world use of non-renewable energy resources brought us plethora of problems like anthropogenic pollution, accelerated global warming and so on. This caused us to look for a sustainable and viable solution, renewable energy resources. As we all known solar energy is never ending source of energy, it is being professes by the international community for its sustainable and clean energy.Two known approaches of using solar energy to provide refrigeration includes vapour compression cycle and vapourabsorption cycle. In this project, we are going to discuss about the water cooler based on VCR cycle which consist of tube-in-tube type of evaporator coil and the manufacturing of instantaneous water cooler. Our main objective is to make an effective refrigeration system by making use of solar energy in order to cool water quickly and to decrease power consumption.

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Performance Evaluation of Hydrogen Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine: A Review[ ]


Fast depletion of fossil fuels fuels is demanding an urgent need of alternative fuels for meeting sustainable energy demand with minimum environmental impact. A lot of research is being carried throughout the world to evaluate the performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics of the existing engines using several alternative fuels such as hydrogen, compressed natural gas (CNG), alcohols, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), biogas, producer gas, bio-diesels, and others. Expert studies indicate hydrogen as one of the most promising and advantageous energy carriers for the future due to its superior combustion qualities and availability. Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element on the earth. Hydrogen is always found in combined form in the nature. It has some unique properties which allow it to be used as a fuel. Hydrogen fuel burns completely with zero carbon emission and it is highly flammable. Hydrogen fuel can be implemented as a renewable energy medium with immense potential. When utilized properly, it has the potential to entirely replace fossil fuels. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogen as a fuel for Spark Ignition (SI) internal combustion engine. Paper aims to study introduction to hydrogen, its basic properties, flexibility of hydrogen as a fuel for SI engine, performance and emissions of hydrogen fuel operated SI engine.

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Verification of Multi Evaporator VCR System with Micro channel Condenser[ ]


This paper presents a proposal for a multi evaporative refrigeration and air conditioning system with microchannel condenser. In order to improve refrigerant distribution and reduce pressure drop in microchannel evaporator and thus increase system efficiency. Introduction to the microchannnel condenser in conventional refrigerating system gives positive effect on the performance of system and that is observed in previous literatures. In multi evaporative system in this proposal it is considered the system consists of three different applications of refrigeration, a refrigerator, a water cooler and an air conditioner. Each space is cooled by its own evaporator in order to obtain the required conditions. Multi evaporator systems yields the higher value of coefficient of performance compared to single evaporator system meant for different temperatures. There is easy control of fluctuations in loads by controlling individual evaporator. Also saving in initial cost and space required are the additional advantages with single compressor multi evaporator systems. Considering the above advantages of multi evaporator system over single evaporator system one can easily recommend its use in similar situations. But generally multi evaporator systems are overlooked by assuming it as complex system and hence a problem arises in maintaining specific temperature conditions. It is proposed to develop a multi evaporator system (2evaporators) to maintain the different operating temperature in evaporators with a single compressor, an individual expansion valve and an air cooled condenser. An air conditioner compressor of 1 ton is used. Refrigerant R134a will be used as it is required for compressor model.

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Ergonomics and Packaging feasibility study of driver Seat, Steering and Cluster using CATIA V5-R25 and RAMSIS[ ]


Within available package constraints, analyze the comfort for the driver position of a target vehicle and propose the changes required for a most optimal comfortable position. Along with overall discomforts in other body parts (legs and hands) also needs to be analyze at different positions to check the least discomfort position. Once an optimal seating position obtained, evaluate package parameters such as hand reach, A-pillar obscuration, visibility etc as per SAE standards.

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A Review Paper on Design, Analysis & Performance Evaluation of Semi-Active Monosuspension System for Two Wheelers[ ]


With the advent of high power super bikes the need for a comfortable ride has increased multi folds, hence the conventional passive suspension system will prove to be unfit. Hence there is a need of an active mono-suspension that will change as per road conditions to give optimal ride comfort to the rider. The project deals with design development of semi-active mono-suspension scaled prototype to to prove the operational benefits and evaluate the performance of the same under simulated conditions. The suspension parts will be duly developed using Unigraphix where as the analysis of the components will be done using Ansys work bench. The test and trial on the suspension will be done by arranging the suspension in regular swing arm configuration to find the measured vibration parameters of displacement (δ), velocity (ve) and acceleration and derived parameters of damping coefficient( ξ), at various drive conditions such as pitch, roll.

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A Review Paper on Design, Development and Experimental Analysis of Perticuler Matter Separator[ ]


Dust collection is an online process for collecting any process-generated dust from the source point on a continuous basis. They are often used as an air pollution control device to maintain or improve air quality. Conventional mist collectors or wet scrubber available and used in the industry are extremely costly , high running cost and high maintenance cost hence there is a need of a modified cyclone separator that primarily can separate the particulate matter by mere action of cyclone in the dry condition there by reducing the initial investment, running cost and maintenance cost. Project work will include Mathematical model of cyclone system for optimal precipitation of dust capacity. Development of mathematical model of system of mss flow rate of air , derivation and resolution of pressure drop across various sections of the separator , determination of forces and utilizing system of forces to determine the precipitation of dust and particulate material. 3-D modeling of set-up will be done using Unigraphix Nx-8.0 and CAE of critical component and meshing using Ansys. The experimental validation part of the system be validated using test-rig.

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Vibration Analysis of Ball Bearing Considering Effect of Contaminant in Lubricant[ ]


In deep groove ball bearings, contamination of grease by solid particles is the major reason of early bearing failure.In order To deal with this problem,a non- invasive technique like vibration measurement is used for monitoring of the performance of machines.In this paper, Present work investigates the effect of lubricant contamination by solid particles of coal on the dynamic behaviour of rolling bearing , to determine the trends in the amounts of vibration affected by contamination in grease.Experimental investigations are made with deep groove ball bearings lubricated with contaminated and healthy grease.Coal in three concentration levels and three-grain sizes are used to contaminate the grease.Vibrations generated by bearing due to contaminants in lubricant are analysed in terms of the root mean square(RMS) and peak amplitude values by using FFT analyser.The effects of contaminant on bearing vibration are studied for both good and defective bearings.The results show significant vibration in RMS velocity values on varying the contaminant concentration and grain size.

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Testing and Fabrication of Bladeless Table Fan[ ]


In this paper we designed a bladeless Fan to overcome the safety considerations and noise problem in a normal table fan. This fan has blades which are not visible and is relatively better in all relative aspects such as wind speed, distribution of air, safety. The whole fan was prepared by us in our college workshop by the use of normal daily purpose stuffs like bathroom bucket (plastic bucket), water pipe (PVC pipe). This fan stagnate the noise generated with other various items used such as applying wood support across the motor, no toppling as proper base is provided. The product appears to be a circular tube mounted on a pedestal. We had started with the base of the fan i.e. pedestal and mounted a D.C. motor within it and attached the motor with the help of small wooden block. Then we prepared the upper part of the fan with the help of bucket by cutting it into the required size. Thereafter both the parts are assembled together. After constructing the bladeless fan, we compared it with the normal table fan. We conclude that this type of fan can be used in future efficiently with less sound and more safety as compared to normal table fan.

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Design of Injector for Hydrogen Operated S.I. Engine[ ]


Current era is the era of fossil fuels. Today most of the vehicles are using fossil fuels as the main fuel. But these fuels are exhaustible; they will exhaust after some days. So engineers and scientists are looking for various alternative fuels. Hydrogen is one of the fuels which are abundantly available in nature and it possesses essential properties for being used as alternative fuel for fossil fuels. But hydrogen also possesses some properties such as low viscosity and low density. So injecting hydrogen is one of the challenges. So for injecting hydrogen in the combustion chamber injector is needed. Currently some hydrogen injectors which are operated by using solenoid as an actuator are available in the market. But the main problem deals with them are injection delay and the problem of backfire and pre-ignition. So, piezoelectric hydrogen injectors could be the best option to overcome such problems.Piezoelectric injectors use piezoelectric stack actuators which give quick response as voltage is applied.Using this actuator precise injection is done. This tends in reducing the injection delay by means of which problems like backfire and pre-ignition can be overcome.So in this paper, work related to the design of hydrogen injector using piezoelectric actuator for diesel power generator will be presented along with mechanism developed, design calculations.

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Investigation of Stresses & Deflection of Composite Wind Turbine Blade Spar With and Without Delamination for Different Orientation of Fiber’s[ ]


Stresses and deflection’s are more important in any type of composite structures, especially when we come across the wind turbine blade spar which acts like a cantilever beam. A spar is a member of the turbine blade where it acts as a supportive structure of the blade which carries blade on one end and the other end is rigidly attached to the hub of wind turbine. Spar is first considered as a cantilever beam and analysed for stresses & deflection under given loading conditions and also the spar itself is analysed for stresses and deflection for normal specimen’s and delaminated specimens as well and the results are compared to observe the deviation of results from normal to delaminated specimens.

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Fault detection of rotor system due to disc mass imbalance and misalignment in Flange coupling[ ]


Misalignment is an important cause of vibration problems in rotating machinery. Misalignment in the context of this thesis includes any deviation from the ideal case in which a straight shaft rotates in perfectly aligned bearings. Misalignment can apply to a single piece of rotating equipment with a bent shaft or a straight shaft forced to rotate in three or more bearings which are not coaxially aligned. It can apply to two or more pieces of coupled machinery whose shafts are not properly aligned. In this paper a survey is made of the various types of misalignments often encountered in rotating machinery and the vibrational characteristics which arise due to these misalignments are examined. In particular lateral, axial and angular coupling misalignments will be studied as a function of flexible coupling vibrational behavior. This discussion will include bent or bowed rotors, close-coupled systems, constant and non-constant velocity flexible couplings and axial motion couplings.A specific coupling problem could yield vibrations in one or all of the above directions. In the specific discussions which follow directionality will be specified. The organization which follows will take the shaft coupling problem through an evolving chronology from simple to complex geometric shaft arrangements.

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