NCETSETMA 2017- National Conference on Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering ,Technology, Management and Applications

"NCETSETMA 2017 Conference Papers "

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A Design Of Swastika Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna For Wireless Communication[ ]


This paper presents a compact microstrip patch antenna at operating frequency of 2.5 GHz. The radiating element of the proposed antenna consists of Swastika symbol patch using dielectric substrate 4.2, loss tangent 0.0012 and having the same substrate height 1.6 mm. The antenna size is very compact (28.8 mm × 37.2 mm × 1.6 mm) and covers 1.696 GHz to 2.646 GHz and can be used for GSM and WLAN applications. Using IE3D software package of Zealand, the designed antenna is simulated. The computer simulation results show that the antenna can realize wideband characteristics having good impedance bandwidth of 43.758% (VSWR ≤ 2) for all resonant frequencies. Our aim is to reduce the size of the antenna as well as increase the impedance bandwidth.

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Human Identification Using Feret And Frgc[ ]


The project uses a method which is scalable to the gallery size and modifies one-against-all approach to use a tree – based structure. At each internal node of the tree, a binary classifier based on PLS (partial least squares) regression is used to guide the search of the matching subject in the gallery. The use of this structure provides reduction in the number of comparisons when a probe sample is matched against the gallery.

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Statistical Analysis Of Hrv Signals[ ]


Heart rate variability is a cardiac measure derived from the ECG signal (called RR interval) which is a measure of variability in heart rate. In the method, the nonstationary signal is first modeled with a time-varying autoregressive model. Statistical analysis of HRV series display a significant departure from normality as reflected in excess kurtosis. For all series, the distribution has fatter tails and sharper peaks at the centre compared to normal distribution. Statistics of the obtained spectrum estimates are derived using the error propagation principle. The obtained spectrum estimates can further be decomposed into separate components

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A Study on Wet Reclamation To Reduce Environmental Pollution in Foundry Industry[ ]


Adoption of greener engineering processes like sand reclamation reduce the consumption of natural resources and pollution, thereby certainly improve the environment. The wet reclamation process consists of soaking, washing, solar drying and sieving of used core sand is studied. In this paper, the design of experiments (DOE) technique is used for experimentation of the specimen core of sodium silicate binder with CO2 gas. Taguchi based L27 orthogonal array is used for the experiment purpose and analysis is carried out with the help of Minitab software for Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of mean plot.This paper introduces a Green Manufacturing in foundry. A number of initiatives are being taken by companies in India in the areas of regulation and reduction of green house gases, discharge of pollutants and emissions, hazardous waste management, and energy conservation to pave the way for a cleaner and greener environment for sustainable development. Manufacturers are able to save costs on the final product by reducing energy and materials wastes. ocess parameters selected are: % of Sodium Silicate, % of coal dust, Sand Particle Size (No), Mixing Time ( Mins), Weight of CO2 Gas ( sec) and Cooling time of poured metal ( Mins). A confirmation run is used to verify the result, which indicated that this method is more efficient in determining the best casting parameters.

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Emergency Navigation Using Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing In Wireless Sensor Networks[ ]


One of the Major applications of Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) is the navigation service for emergency evacuation. It is widely used in various domains such as military application, industrious and environment. The navigation application was interaction between sensor and user. CANS is the first WSN assisted emergency navigation algorithm achieving both mild congestion and small stretch using level set method to track the evolution of the exit and the boundary of the hazardous area, while people distant from the danger avoid unnecessary detours. CANS does not require location information, and CANS Algorithm contains level set of methods. The first method is Establishing the Potential map, second method is Building the Hazard level map and final method is Planning a safe path for each user (Potential map and Hazard level map combine Compound level map). In CANS algorithm many people use one way to exit in particular time which is impossible. User doesn’t have different path so heavy congestion occur. So we propose a fine-grained approach, localizability-aided localization (LAL).LAL triggers a single round adjustment, after which some popular localization methods are successfully carried out using Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol (GPSR) and Greedy Forwarding which provides multiple exit paths and avoids congestion.

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Energy efficient routing of MANETS using modified DEL-CMAC protocol[ ]


Abstract-MANET is a self configured network of multiple number of mobile nodes. Co-operative communication establishes the communication between source and destination through relay nodes. All the MANET operation planned with the considerations of the energy and bandwidth limitations. Co-operative communicationutilizes nearby terminals to relay the overhearing information to achieve the diversity gains and improve the transmitting efficiency in the wireless networks. Some protocols CMAC, DEL-CMAC are used to reduce the complication of medium access interactions interms of co-operations. In this, a modified DEL-CMAC namely (distributed energy adaptive location based CMAC protocol based on IEEE 802.11 Distributed Co- ordination Function (DCF) which is a widely used standard for Ad-hoc communication. Modified DEL-Coop MAC increases the throughput , network efficiency and follows a best relay selection strategy by using cross layer scheme. Index Terms-distributed adaptive location based cooperative medium access control, best relay selection.

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EEG-Based Brain-Controlled Wheelchair[ ]


This project discussed about a brain controlled wheel chair based on Brain–computer interfaces (BCI). BCIs are systems that can bypass through conventional channels of the communication (i.e., muscles and thoughts) to they provide direct communication and control between the human brain and physical devices by translating different patterns of brain activity into commands in real time. With these commands a wheel chair can be controlled. The intention of the project work is to develop a wheel chair that can assist the disabled people in their daily life to do some work independent of others. Here, we analyse the brain wave signals. Human brain consists of millions of interconnected neurons. The pattern of interaction between these neurons are represented as thoughts and emotional states. According to the human thoughts, this pattern will be changing which in turn produce different electrical waves. A muscle contraction will also generate a unique electrical signal. All these electrical waves will be sensed by the brain wave sensor and it will convert the data into packets and transmit through Bluetooth medium. Level analyser unit (LAU) will receive the brain wave raw data and it will extract and process the signal using MATLAB platform. Then the control commands will be transmitted to the wheel chair to process. With this entire system, we can move a wheel chair according to the human thoughts and it can be turned by blink muscle contraction. Index Terms: EEG signal processing, P300 speller, brain computer interface, visual stimuli, P300 evoked Potential, Servomotors control, robotic arm.

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The Hidden Secrets[ ]


The Internet was a revolutionary invention, and its use continues to evolve. People around the world use the Internet every day for things such as social media, shopping, email, reading news, and much more. However, this only makes up a very small piece of the Internet, and the rest is filled by an area called The Deep Web. This is not to be confused with The Dark Web or The Darknet. Those terms refer to a part of The Deep Web. The majority of the population visits theœSurface Web€, but what is under the surface? Located under the surface, The Deep Web is not indexed by search engines such as Google, and you need specially configured software to access it, such as the Tor browser for example. Any individual who accesses The Deep Web is doing so for a reason. Somebody could be part of a dark market selling exploits or stolen credit cards, or they could be a law enforcement officer monitoring for illegal activity. Where exactly is The Deep Web and who accesses it? How can you access it? What is it used for and what content is available? In this paper, we will take a look under the ocean of the Internet, and into The Deep Web.

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WIRELESS AC LINE DETECTOR[ ]


In Industries accident takes place due to leakage of electricity. The accidents can be avoided by using the wireless AC line detector. The motive of this project is to detect presence of electricity wirelessly. The detection takes place continuously which can be monitored by using a mobile.The monitoring may be using stand alone application and Personal Computer. Two main components are current sensor and voltage sensor are used in ac lines. Using the transformer step down takes place. The voltage sensor senses the amount of voltage in the line. Then the readings are given to the arduino. The arduino converts the analog signal into digital signal. In a similar way the current sensor senses the current value and gives it to the arduino board. The arduino converts the analog signal into digital signal. The arduino board then sends the data to mobiles and web pages using GSM modules and Wi-Fi module respectively. Keywords— Arduino; GSM Module; Wi-Fi Module; Current Sensor ; Voltage Sensor.

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ARDUINO BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATON SYSTEM[ ]


The motivation of this project came from the countries where economy is based on agriculture and the climatic condition lead to lack of rains and scarcity of water. The farmers has to be dependant on rains and Bore well for irrigation. Even if the farm land has a water pump manual intervention by farmers is required to turn on/off the pump. The aim of our project is to minimize manual intervention by farmers. As there is no un- planned usage of water, a lot of water is served from being wasted. The irrigation is only when there is not enough moisture in the soil.

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AUTONOMOUS FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT WITH SELF POWER MANAGEMENT[ ]


Fire are the accidents which occur most frequently,whose causes are most diverse and require intervention methods and techniqiues adapted to the conditions and needs of each incident. In this paper a new fire fighting robot with fire extinguisher is proposed for intelligent buildings. The fire fighting robot is supposed to reduce the exposure of human fire-fighters to extreme fires,The kind with additional complexities such as fuel explosions,chemical leaks and nuclear meltdowns. Fire fighting robot fights the kind of fire that unexpectedly ball out of control or when there might be an explosion at any minute; airplane fires ,derailedtrains,chemical fires- The kind of fire that no human should be near, whether professional or not. Here, The Multisensor Fire Detection Algorithm(MSFDA) and adaptive fusion method is used to detect the fire. If the fire accident is true the robot will find the fire source using indoor mapping and move to the fire source to fight the fire using extinguisher. The fire fighting robot used here is constructed using pic microcontroller(16F877A). The sensor control unit(SCU) used here converts the analog signal received from other sensors and convert it to digital signal which would be read by the micro controller. This paper also proposes a new energy management method for fire fighting robot based on wireless charging as well as a method to avoid obstacle.This model might be a key structure towards self assessment.

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DECENTRALIZED SMART SENSOR SCHEDULING FOR MULTIPLE TARGET TRACKING FOR BORDER SURVEILLANCE[ ]


Border surveillance requires regular patrolling to prevent intruders from crossing across, emphasizing the need for an automated network of sensing devices that is capable of detecting and estimating multiple moving targets. In this paper 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller and LPC1313, LPC1764 with IEEE 802.15.4 wireless network protocol along with sensors like MEMS Accelerometer, MEMS Magnetometer, Microphone Sensor, Camera Sensor and PIR Sensor were used to implement the same.

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AUTOMATIC SPEED CONTROL OF VEHICLES IN SPEED LIMIT ZONES USING RF AND GSM[ ]


This paper aims to control the speed of any vehicles automatically in cities and also in restricted areas such schools, parks, hospitals and in speed limited areas etc. Nowadays in a fast moving world people do not have self- control. Which leads to acidents. So it is difficult for the police to monitor all the accidents. This paper provides a way to control the speed without harming others. Driver does not control anything during such places; controls are taken automatically by the use of electronic system. In this project we RF for indicating the speed limit areas it is placed at the starting and end points of the restricted zones. RF receiver is placed inside the vehicle. Speed is acquired by the help of speedometer in the vehicle. The controller compares the speed. If it exceeds the limited speed the controller alerts the driver and control is taken automatically. If they does not respond that message an information along with the vehicle number is transmitted to the nearest police station by the use of GSM and penalty amount is collected in the nearest toll gate.

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Intelligent Street Lighting using Power Generated from Speed Breakers[ ]


Energy is responsible for major developments of any country’s economy. In the present situation, power becomes one of the major needs for human life. In the conventional street lighting system, large amount of power is wasted as the lights are ON during the whole night even when there are no people or vehicles passing by. This paper is about power generation using speed breakers and the design of intelligent street lighting using this generated power. Our proposed method is to enlighten the streets utilizing this jerking pressure which is wasted when the vehicles Passover the speed breakers. When the vehicle moves over the speed breaker, it gains height and results in increased potential energy. This energy can be converted into rotational energy using rack and pinion mechanism which is again converted into electrical energy using generator, which will be used for lighting the streets. This power is used in the design of new intelligent street light control system that not only achieve energy-saving power, but also extend the service life of lighting equipment. When vehicles or pedestrians are going through, street light will be waken up and when they go past, the lights are off automatically. Moreover it is controllable and an optimal configuration is achievable. Therefore, by this work, we can save a lot of energy which can fulfill our future demands.

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Visual art recognition using image processing[ ]


Abstract: Gesture Recognition may be a technology that is employed to spot human gestures with the assistance of mathematical algorithms. Gesture recognition acknowledges the hand, tracks the hand movements & conjointly provides data concerning hand position orientation and flux of the fingers. the colour markers square measure placed at the tip of the user fingers. This helps the digital camera to spot the movement of hand and therefore the gesture recognition. The drawing application permits the user you to draw on any surface by following the tip movements of the user’s finger. the photographs that square measure drawn by the user are often keep and replaced on the other surface. The user may also shuffle through numerous footage and drawing by victimization the hand gesture movements.

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Power Factor Improvement Using Dc-Dc Converter In Bldc Motor Drives[ ]


This paper deals about the Power Factor Correction (PFC) in Brushless motor drives by comparing various DC-DC converter. Power factor corrected converter is essential to improve the Power quality (PQ). Speed control is done by Voltage Source inverter(VSI). In order to reduce conduction loss and number of components, diode bridge rectifier is eliminated. It is used to operate in DICM mode. The BrushlessDC motor is fed by bridge rectifier with a elevated rate of DC-link capacitor. It consequences in extremely pulled supply current and a poor power factor.To achieve power factor near to unity is used to new bidirectional bridgeless isolated cuk converter.when compared to conventional Converters Circuit efficiency is further improved.

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ROLE OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR IN AUTOMATIC POTHOLE AND HUMP DETECTION SYSTEM[ ]


Dangerous road conditions may be the result of natural events, such as tropical rains and flooding, that make driving unsafe. Dangerous conditions can also arise from the poor physical condition of a road and its surroundings. It may cause road accidents. Also while driving in the night just the headlights might not be a sufficient assistance for driver. Unexpected hurdles on road may cause more accidents. Also because of bad road conditions, fuel consumption of the vehicle increases; causing wastage of precious fuel. We proposed this system 'Pothole and hump Detection and vehicle speed control System' to inform the driver about the pothole or hump and controlling the speed of the vehicle. This system uses ultrasonic sensor to sense the potholes and humps and which measure the height and dept of the potholes.

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Algorithm Based hybrid battery charge controller[ ]


Maximum power point tracking manipulates the load or output voltage of an photovoltaic array in order to maintain operation at or near the maximum power point under changing temperature and irradiance conditions and to charge the battery. It is very important to improve the efficiency of charger. Charge controllers are usually installed in Solar Systems to protect batteries (from over charging and discharging) and to implement proper buck and boost charging techniques. Some MPPT controllers have also been developed to incorporate multiple charging sources (e.g. Main- Grid or PV panels). However, these controllers lack proper charging techniques to ensure efficient use of multiple charging sources. Also due to improper charging algorithm there might be unnecessary or insufficient charging of batteries. This paper presents a design of peak usage time and prediction algorithm based battery charging technique which enables intelligent battery charging decision which improve the battery life and efficiency of battery. Specifically, the system will use Mains charging only when Solar charging is insufficient. Also, the system will decide when to preserve battery and use Mains as direct drive loads. These decisions are made to utilize more solar energy and less Mains electricity while maintaining high reliability and improve efficiency. The decisions will be based upon battery’s state which is calculated using various data such as peak usage time, solar voltage, solar current, load’s power demand, batteries’ specification etc. the system designed with this technique has better performance over other solar charge controllers

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ECO FRIENDLY BIO BATTRY ON ELECTRONIC GADGETS[ ]


Biobattery is known as device in which substrate material is converted to electrical energy.The substrate is broken down in the presence of these agent to these agents to release protons and electrons and continuos flow within the biobattery generates electricity.Normal batteries contain toxic chemicals (lead,mercury etc)so they are prone to explosion , leakages. Biobatteries have a great potential to be used .Bio battry can store energy 10 times better then the (LITHIUM) li battery. Comparing to normal batteries it can be charged quickly, extremely safe and non-toxic batteries. It can be decomposed easily so it will be one of the best eco-friendly batteries. Application of bio battery is mainly towards the electronic gadgets like Mobile phones, speakers, Smart phones, etc..... Breakdown of protons and electrons can be easily done by enzymatic and microbial process.

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FABRICATION OF SMALL SCALE WIND TURBINE FOR LOW POWER APLLICATION[ ]


Abstract-In this paper we discuss about wind mill fabrication for thelow power application.we can use dynamo based wind energy conversion system which gives higher efficiency than any other generating system.Variable dc voltage from dynamo is given to boost converter and connected to battery through charge controllers. From battery it is given to load via inverter. Wind power capacity has experienced tremendous growth in the past decade. There are many loads (such as remote villages, islands, ships etc) that are away from the main grid. They require stand-alone generator system (which can provide constant nominal voltage and frequency) to provide for their local electrification. This requirement has lead to widespread research on development of new technologies for stand-alone generators. Initially an overview of different existing generator technologies for grid connected operation is given. This paper presents the recent developments in wind energy turbine fabrication and their social and environmental benefits, a review of the interconnection issues of distributed resources including wind power with electric power systems.

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Design and Implementation of a Single Switch Flyback converter for supplying LED Driver with PFC correction and Automation System[ ]


A single switch led driver based on the boost converter and flyback converter with the power factor correction and automation system is proposed. In this proposed driver, the boost converter is operated in DCM mode to achieve high power factor and flyback converter is used to isolate the input-output to provide safety. Additionally snubber is also designed to clamp the peak voltage of the main switch into the low voltage and also recycles the leakage inductor energy. Additionally, a low-voltage- rating capacitor can be used as the DC-bus capacitor because some of the input power is directly conducted to the output; the remaining power is stored in the DC-bus capacitor. An automation system is designed to makes the circuit into emergency lamp during power failure. Therefore the proposed LED driver can provide a higher power factor and a higher power conversion efficiency. These results are verified for an output of 48[V] and 2[A] for the experimental prototype.

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A Literature Survey on Data Mining in the Field of Bioinformatics[ ]


In the field of Biological research the bioinformatics plays a vital role in enriching the results for developing computer databases and algorithms. As various Bioinformatics tools are available in the market still it requires skills for their correct usage. We need trained people that can use their skills autonomously. NCBI (National Centre for Biotechnology Information) is a resource for molecular biology information. NCBI creates and maintains public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develop software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information. This article identifies: 1) Tools used in the bioinformatics; 2) Research approaches and methods of delivery for conveying bioinformatics problems; and 3) Future enhancements on the impact of these programs, approaches, and methods in Bio informatics. Based on these findings, it is our goal to describe the landscape of scholarly work in this area and, as a result, identify opportunities and challenges in bioinformatics paradigm.

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Recognition and Recall based Graphical Password Authentication[ ]


Now a days, Internet has become the essential requirement for most of the people. Online payment and transaction has been made in our day-to- day activities. Human Interaction with computers and smartphones through several applications become unavoidable for which authentication is mandatory to secure the user’s information against Cybercrime. User authentication is the most fundamental component in all computer security systems. Thus the primary goal of this paper is to provide secure authentication that guards against hacking. It also explores the information about strengths and weaknesses of passwords. The secondary goal is to bring awareness in mass about the possible threats they can suffer from and provide solutions by keeping a strong password and to introduce a new idea of presenting graphical authentication.

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Information gain based feature selection for intrusion detection system[ ]


Intrusion detection is the act of detecting harm full attacks towards computer systems and networks. Intrusion detection systems are used to identify and report those intrusions in order to take necessary remedial actions. We use can use real time network data collected from various sensors or devices for analyzing the traffic. Also there are various standardized data sets which contain various types of intrusions such as DARPA and KDD Cup99 data sets. We use NSL-KDD dataset for our analysis as NSL-KDD is an improved version of KDD Cup99 data set. Here, we evaluate the intrusion detection system by with and without applying data pre-processing and feature selection techniques. Thus we analyze the importance of data pre- processing and feature selection applied on the data set using rough sets and information gain.

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LAST CHANCE SURVIVAL SYSTEM[ ]


LCS System is nothing but LAST CHANCE OF SURVIVAL System. The main aim of this system is to rescue the people on board of crashing aircraft if nothing works out. It can be deployed only once in a life span of the aircraft as it dismantle the crashing plane to bring the passengers to the safety. When an aircraft fail to operate in midair there is always a probability of losing all the passengers .Here people in the aircraft are killed not in midair, as they lose their life during crash landing because of mainly impact from the high velocity fall, ignition of fuel which vaporizes the whole aircraft and the people who are on board. There is also a probability that the aircraft will fall on the heavily populated area and causes heavy causality. To avoid all these drastic events we introduce LCS System.

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THORIUM ENERGY & LFTR[ ]


Element 90, found as Thorium 232 in nature, is 4 times more common than Uranium and about 200-400x more common than U-235, the fuel we burn in Light Water Reactors (LWRs) in the US and much of the world.   Thorium is naturally radioactive like uranium, and has a half-life equal to the age of the universe (about 15 billion years) so it will be with us for a long time It is found in large quantities in “Rare Earth” mines, which are rare in the US because they dig up Thorium. Thorium is (weakly) radioactive, and US law requires it be treated as a radioactive waste and buried. Too much Thorium in a rare earth mine makes it unprofitable, but it is these rare earth mines that bring up the high technology metals we need in society today, such as Neodymium for magnets (think generators and motors). A LWR (Light Water Reactor) in the US burns about 0.5%-5% of the fuel put in it, the remaining is disposed of as unburned fuel as part of the radioactive waste.  A LFTR on the other hand, running from Thorium could burn 100% of the fuel.

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Experimental Analysis of Double Pass Solar Air Heater with and without Sensible Storage Media[ ]


An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of sensible storage media on double pass solar air heater. Solar energy can be converted into different forms of energy, either to thermal energy or to electrical energy. Solar collector works by absorbing the solar radiation and converting it into thermal energy, which can be stored in the form of sensible heat or latent heat or a combination of sensible and latent heats. In this work the thermal energy is stored by using sensible heat storage material. The aim is to analyse thermal efficiency of flat plate double pass solar air heater using sensible heat storage media. The inlet and outlet temperature, ambient temperature, sensible heat storage media temperature, solar glazing temperature and the absorbing plate temperature are the measured parameters. In this investigation, thermal efficiency of the double pass solar air heater with sensible heat storage media is more efficient than the single pass solar air heater with sensible storage media and double pass solar air heater without sensible heat storage medium.

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Design and Analysis of Vortex Generator to Reduce Drag Force in Sedan Vehicle[ ]


To accumulate energy and to secure the global environment, fuel consumption attenuation is primary concern of automotive development. In order to reduce the fuel consumption and to improve the driving performance of vehicle, reduction of drag force is essential and it can be achieved by using aerodynamic device. In a racing car and road vehicle the aerodynamic drag is one of the main obstacles which reduce the acceleration of a vehicle when it moves in the air, hence the fuel efficiency is adversely affected. So, vortex generators (VG) are used to reduce the drag force through which the efficiency can be increased. In sedan vehicle in order to delay flow separation at rear end, various shapes of vortex generators (such as Gothic, Parabolic, Ogive, Rectangular, Triangular) are designed and analyzed by using CFD solver and the optimized result will be achieve.

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Performance Investigation on Double Slope Solar Still[ ]


Solar distillation is a simple experiment of converting saline water into pure potable water. Since solar energy is a low price option, heat source from the sun is used for purification in the present work. In solar distillation, water is evaporated using the irradiation from the sun and then the evaporated water vapour is allowed to condensate as distilled water. This process eliminates salts and other impurities. In the work, double slope single basin solar still has been fabricated using the cheaply available material. In this solar still aluminium is used as a basin material. Aluminium is used because it has good thermal conductivity of 205 w/mk. An extensive study was made to evaluate the effect of water depth in the basin on the productivity of the stills. The results clearly states that the productivity of the system is inversely proportional to the water depth in the basin.

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Design and Fabrication of Single Slope Solar Still Using Metal Matrix Structure as Energy Storage[ ]


Solar still act as one of the most economical way of converting saline water into fresh water. In this article the performance of conventional solar still is compared with that of modified solar still in which metal matrix structures are used as a sensible heat storage media, thus it saves the excess energy produced during day time and utilizes the sensible heat energy from the metal matrix structure at the evening or night time. The metal matrix structure is immersed in the middle of the basin where saline water is stagnated. In the solar still, the sensible heat has been released from the metal matrix during less solar intensity hours. An attempt is made to utilize the maximum amount of the incident solar energy and to utilize the sensible heat which is accumulated in the metal matrix structures. Its yield and efficiency are compared with the conventional still under the same climatic condition. It is found that average still yield and efficiency in the modernized still with metal matrix increases significantly with low cost for this modification as it is very cheap and easily available.

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Effect Of Tool Geometry On Surface Modification Of Aluminium 7075 By Friction Stir Processing[ ]


Aluminium 7075 is an aluminium alloy with Zinc as a primary alloying element.  It is strong, with a strength comparable to many steels, and has good fatigue strength and average machinability. It has minimum resistance to corrosion than the other Aluminium alloys, but has significantly better corrosion resistance than the 2000 alloys.FSP is a process through which mechanical properties of the surface can be enhanced by reinforcing ceramic particles.In this surface matrix composite was fabricated on the surface of aluminium alloy (7075) with ceramic reinforcement using .Friction Stir Processing technique.Aluminium oxide and Boron carbide was used as reinforcement. The threaded cylindrical and square pin tools were used for the best distribution of Boron Carbide and Aluminium Oxide in the surface of base metal through the reinforcing techniques.  The chosen FSP parameters such as traverse speed of 40 mm/min, tool rotational speed of 1000 rpm and 10 KN of axial load.

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Machining time reduction in shaping machine[ ]


Shaper is used to machine a single job by using a single point cutting tool and hence it cannot be used for high production rates. This project intends to use shaper for high production as well. A small skeleton structure has been thus devised to demonstrate the machining time reduction in shaping machines. The shaping machine has an idle stroke during its return motion. This project is uses the idle stroke as cutting stroke and hence increase the production rate. This can be achieved by an addition of clapper box with a tool such that the arrangement on tool holder has one tool clamped on the clapper box individually. This stroke would be a rough cutting stroke for the job, compared to the forward stroke. The pneumatic source of power with control accessories is used to drive the ram or the cylinder piston to obtain the forward and return strokes. By this arrangement the machining time of a work piece is reduced by half the time when compared with the conventional machines.

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FABRICATION AND PROPERTIES EVALUATION OF CI – SS BIMETALLIC CASTINGS[ ]


Different metallurgical properties and bond strength are studied on CI – SS bimetallic castings fabricated by pouring molten metal (CI) over solid metal substrate (SS). Various design parameters of the solid metal substrate have been modified and the metallurgical properties are evaluated for the specific L 9 array of Taguchi DOE. The interaction designs for the samples are studied and the results are discussed. From the DOE approach, the best combination of experimental setup is determined.

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A REVIEW ON VIBRO-WIND FOR BLUFF BODY AND PIEZO-ELECTRIC MATERIAL[ ]


The field of renewable power generation has attained a significant growth over the past few years. This is to satisfy the needs of the growing population and due to the degrading resources. Though the non-renewable harvesting methods satisfy the current needs, they are against green environment. Portable power sources such as electro-chemical batteries are very much convenient for our current society, but due to their limited life-span and periodic replacement, there is a need to provide a portable harvesting technology which are non-replaceable, having extended life-span and support green environment and the growing demand and not affected by weather change and satisfy the rural needs. Though there are renewable power harvesting done via wind-mill, turbine, bio-gas and solar. They are big and heavy in construction and low in power generation which can’t afford the growing demand. Thus due to the above drawbacks, the standard biological communities here placed an emphasis on scavenging vibrational energy with piezo-electric material. This article will review the recent articles and literatures based on power harvesting, vibrational energies and provide the best suitable self-powered technology for current trend.

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METHANE GENERATION FROM ORGANIC WASTES[ ]


Biogas is one of the reliable alternative fuels. Nowadays, it is widely used in all over the world. It is a renewable type of energy. The biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion of biodegradable elements. Many research works focused on the biogas preparation from the bio wastes. Vegetable wastes, food wastes are some of the bio wastes. Mostly, in urban areas, the cooking has been carried out by the use of biogas. Biogas can be used as the alternative fuel for the following sectors in industries for boilers and power plants, in transports for buses. Water hyacinths are naturally available in ponds and lakes. Since, Plants such as Milkweed are of no use can be used for the extraction of biogas. Food wastes also a good biogas producers. This paper investigates the possibility of producing biogas from a mixture of water hyacinth and cow dung, milk weed, food waste and analyzing the methane concentration. The biogas consists of methane as a major constituents and traces of other gases which includes CO, H 2 S, and NH 3 .To increase th yield of methane gas cow dung is mixed with water hyacinths.

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