NCETSET 2016-National Conference on Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering and Technology

"NCETSET 2016 Conference Papers "

NETWORKING: ENHANCING PERFORMANCE MEASURES IN ENERGY EFFICIENT TRUST SYSTEM THROUGH WATCHDOG OPTIMIZATION FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK[ ]


Watchdog mechanism is one of the intrusion detection techniques in Wireless Sensor Network. The main purpose of this method is reducing the energy consumption as a key factor and also minimize the energy cost of watchdog usage while keeping the system’s security in sufficient level. Then, I introduce an analytical model to evaluate the detection time and the cost of this collaborative approach. Sensor nodes are usually equipped with limited battery and work in an unattendive mode for long period of time such as the deep desert and ocean abyss. So Rechargement or replacement of those node’s power very expensive and difficult. A way to reduce the detection time of nodes in a network is the collaborative watchdog and optimize watchdog frequency and reduce its redundancy. Finally determined trustworthiness and untrustworthiness node.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APPLICATION OF POLYNOMIAL EIGEN VALUE DECOMPOSITION[ ]


The algorithm to compute the Eigen value decomposition of a Para Hermitian polynomial matrix is described. This lead to diagonalizing the polynomial matrix by the Para unitary “similarity” transformation. The algorithm uses Para unitary matrix and perform generalization of conventional Hermitian matrix diagonalization. A convergence proof is presented. The application to Broadband Signal Subspace Decomposition, signal processing, MIMO Precoding for Filter Bank Modulation Systems is highlighted in terms of strong decorrelation and multichannel data compaction. The performance parameters are presented to demonstrate the capability of the algorithm.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNET OF THINGS[ ]


The paper is all about the upcoming technology “Internet of things”.As it is one of the latest trend it deals with many real time and day-to-dayobjects.Internet of things exists because it is going to dominate all the other technologies including cloud computing.There is no fields of life where Internet of Things is notapplied.In the coming years all the electronic, softwares, networks,machines and all the devices will be working with Internet of Things.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MULTI CLOUD COMPUTING WITH SECURITY FRAMEWORK[ ]


Cloud computing is used by most of the people in recent days. Cloud computing provides many benefits in terms of low cost and accessibility of data. Ensuring the security of cloud computing is a major factor in the cloud computing environment, as users often deal with “single cloud”. There may be service availability failure and there is possibility of malicious insiders being in the single cloud. A movement towards “multi-clouds” has become popular recently. This paper focus on multi clouds usage and how to use multi cloud environment with a security mechanism. This work aims to promote the use of multi-clouds and to reduce security risks that affect the cloud computing user.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Improving the Power Quality in a Grid Integrated PV System[ ]


With the increase in energy demand due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are connected in distributed system which uses power electronics devices. The use of power electronics devices generate harmonic current and may reduce quality of power. This paper, presents a grid interfacing inverter control that compensates power quality problems and interface renewable energy sources with the grid. The RES used here is Photo Voltaic (PV) system. The grid interfacing inverter is given with hysteresis current control method to generate gate pulses and it has the capability of injecting RES power to the grid, reduces load unbalance, load harmonics, reactive power demand and distortions. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the grid connected system is analyzed. This concept is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analysis of Fuzzy Inference System for Intrusion detection[ ]


Security is important in computer networks, Intrusion detection system monitors network or system activities for malicious activities or policy violations and produces reports to a management station. There are various approaches being utilized for intrusion detection, Fuzzy logic is one Artificial Intelligence approach, for effective rule generation in intrusion detection. This paper focuses on study of fuzzy logic and fuzzy inference systems for intrusion detection. The paper proposed the necessary steps of fuzzy inference systems for fuzzy rule.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In-Flight Entertainment Systems Inside aircraft Cabin using hybrid protocol[ ]


In-flight entertainment (IFE) refers to the entertainment available to aircraft passengers during a flight. Today, in-flight entertainment is offered as an option on almost all wide body aircraft. While some narrow body aircraft are not equipped with any form of In-flight entertainment at all. One major obstacle in creating a in-flight entertainment system is system safety. With the sometimes miles of wiring involved, voltage leaks and arcing become a problem. This is of more than theoretical concern..

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Securing Video Files using Steganography Method in Android Mobile[ ]


The development of smart phone technology has lead to denigrate of the phone prepared with many sophisticated features such as sen-sors. Camera is one of the most extensively used sensors. Although the photographs capture by camera can be shared via Multimedia Message Service (MMS) which allows broadcast of files like photographs, audio and video. A major problem of MMS is, it doesn’t provide adequate safety mechanism. Because of this, the data of the people who wants to conceal confidential information from state-controlled systems that can be easily monitored. Video Steganography is a technique to hide any type of files in any extension into a Video file. The idea proposed in this paper is to embed any kind of data in another file, which is called carrier file. The carrier file must be image video file. Steganography is the art of hiding messages inside other messages such that the very existence of the message is unknown to third party. In this paper, a steganography-based android mobile application that can insert the confidential information into an image, then into a video that can be send it to receiver. Finally we can extract the confidential information from the image in the receiver side.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SPY SECURITY SYSTEM USING IMAGE PROCESSING[ ]


Now a days human-machine interaction is moving away from mouse and pen and is becoming pervasive and much more compatible with the physical world. In this project to establish fully secured system in ATM and other important territories like war fields we have designed an algorithm in mat lab. The signals of the controller Module are controlled by the Microcontrollers. Face detection is done by, the histogram based tracker which uses the PCA algorithm that provides the capability to identify an object using a histogram of pixel values. Our approach treats face recognition as a 2D recognition problem. Face images are projected onto a face space. The best changes among the face images are encoded by this face space. The face space is defined by eigen faces which are eigenvectors of the set of face images, which may not coincide with general facial features such as eyes, nose, and lips. The eigen face approach exercises the PCA for recognition of the images. The system performs by projecting pre extracted face image onto a set of face space that expresses the important changes among known face images. Face will be categorized as known or unknown face after comparing with the stored database.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Invisible Watermarking of Color Images using SVD and DWT[ ]


The rapid growth of the world wide web and the wide spread usage of multimedia in the internet has resulted in various security and authenticity issues. Everyday multimedia content is shared via internet to different locations and different people across the globe. The various image processing techniques available today allows intellectual property theft and reproduction of digital images in an unauthorized way. This has given rise to the need to protect copyright of digital images. Protection of copyright of the digital image is done through the process of water marking. This process embeds an authentication mark (water mark image) into the actual image that is transmitted over the internet (cover image) to avoid unauthorized reproduction of the digital images. In this paper, an effective and robust invisible water making method is proposed using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular value Decomposition (SVD).

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THREE LEAF COMPOSITE SPRING FOR LIGHT WEIGHT VEHICLE BY FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHOD[ ]


Composition materials are nowadays widely used in the engineering field. The equitable of this project is to be design and analysis of composition semi-elliptical spring for light weight vehicle. semi-elliptical spring are commonly used in the suspension system of automobile. If the weight of semi-elliptical spring is reduced then the fatigue stress induced in the semi-elliptical spring is also reduced. The weight is reduced by replacing nine- semi-elliptical spring with three leaf composition materials spring under the identical condition of design parameters. Since the strength to weight ratio of composition materials is superior that of metals the weight of the leaf spring is reduced drastically. The composition spring is designed to possess constant width and varying thickness method. The composition materials are used is E-glass/epoxy. Both steel and composition materials semi-elliptical springs are modeled and analyzed using ANSYS software. Modeled developed has been validated using theoretical calculations. Stresses and deflection loading on spring are derived. The results verify that the performance is same as that of semi-elliptical leaf spring and the stress of the composition materials leaf spring is found to be lower than that of the semi-elliptical leaf spring. A reduction of 64.89% weight is achieved when a nine semi elliptical spring is replaced with a three-leaf composition materials spring under identical condition of design parameters is analyzed.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF DUAL BRAKE SYSTEM[ ]


With the increasing technological development in the area of motors, heavy-duty vehicles have been suffering an increase in size and in load capacity. Friction brakes are to decelerate a vehicle by transforming the kinetic energy of the Vehicle to heat, via friction, and dissipating vibration that heat to the surroundings, which produces excessive heat on lining surface. This shows increase in frictional area will definitely reduce the load on brakes by sharing the energy of the vehicle .So the above- factor is taken into account and finally reduction in inertia forces on rotating shaft by providing more frictional area is discussed on this paper. Also give details about applying the frictional force on differential gear shaft . To achieve this inner shoe, which is less than the size of the outer shoe, is provided as per the design of the system developed with the aid of solid works modeling tool. This can be actuated by a specially designed cam, which will actuate both outer shoe and inner shoe respectively. During braking the outer shoe will engage previously to absorb energy in the drum before the inner shoe get actuated. When the cam moves both the shoe remaining energy in both shoes share the vehicles. This entire system is analyzed by using FEA tool ANSYS 14.0 to determine the thermal stress developed in it. These results are compared with the conventional braking system.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE STEERING KNUCKLE[ ]


Steering knuckle plays a vital role in automobile which connects the suspension, steering part, wheel hub and brake to the chassis. During its working, it subjected to various loading conditions. so, it requires high accuracy,, quality, and durability. The main theme of this work is to access the fatigue performance of a steering knuckle. This can be performed by a detailed load analysis. Therefore, this study requires two steps. First part of the study involves modeling of the steering knuckle with the design parameters using the latest modeling software CATIA and the second part involves in fatigue analysis using ANSYS WORKBENCH. This provides us to improve the overall knowledge about the component.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EASY LIFT STAIRS FOR ELDERLY AND PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PASSENGERS[ ]


Transportation is an extremely important policy issue for those with disabilities. People with disabilities have consistently described how transportation barriers affect their lives in important ways. So there is a need to focus technology on providing an optimum quality of life for the disabled/elderly to provide a high level of artificial or “barrier free” environment and an easy and smooth means of transportation. This research investigates the inaccessibility of the elderly and the physically challenged community into the public transportation vehicles in our country and the challenges faced by them while using the steps in high floor buses. The problems faced by them can be eradicated by designing an easy lift stair which can be implied in the buses which will provide easy accessibility to the physically challenged and the elderly.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PREDICTION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN END MILIING PROCESS OF Al 7075/ B4C USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY[ ]


One of the most perceptions of quality in mechanical product is its physical look. One among the foremost necessary factors in physical look is that the surface roughness. This analysis focuses on study and analysis of surface quality improvement in end milling operation of Al 7075/B4C metal matrix composite. Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are main key for advance engineering materials due to their ductility, strength and toughness. The present study investigate the effect of spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and varied percentage (% wt.) of B4C on surface roughness in end milling of Al7075 alloy. To increase the mechanical properties, strength the of Al7075 alloy it is reinforced with varied composition (weight %) of Boron carbide using Stir casting method. Stir casting method is used to prepare the specimen due to better and even spread of reinforcement material. Experiments are conducted on a CNC milling machine according to design of experiments methodology. A response surface model for surface roughness from the observed values is developed using Response Surface Methodology. The result obtained using RSM gives a good prediction of surface roughness when compared to actual surface roughness. The experimental results were analyzed statistically to examine the influence of process parameters on surface roughness.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EVALUATION OF FATIGUE LIFE OF THE CRANKSHAFT[ ]


The crankshaft is one of the critical component on the internal combustion engine. The dynamic analysis has been undergone in this paper under the condition of 4-stroke single cylinder diesel engine. The SOLIDWORKS software is used to creat the 3D model of the single cylinder crankshaft. The Finite element analysis method had been carried out in this process to identify the various stress concentration and the critical point of the crankshaft. The preprocessing stage is done through the HYPERMESH software and analyzing and post processing is done through ANSYS software. The dynamic analysis is done through the FEA method which results in the load iteration form applied on the crank pin bearing. The load is applied on the crankshaft based on the engine mounting condition and the stress concentration and the critical point has been found. The stress variation, Torsion and the bending load had been taken in consideration for this analysis. The relationship between the vibration and the frequency had been shown in the harmonic analysis of the crankshaft using this software.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RESEARCH ON AIRCRAFT LANDING SCHEDULE USING OPPOSITION BASED GENETIC ALGORITHM WITH CAUCHY MUTATION[ ]


Optimal scheduling of airport runway operation plays a significant responsibility in the aircraft transportation. The radar range control systems perform as the brain for the aircraft scheduling operations. Arrival runways are a crucial resource in the air traffic system. Arrival delays encompass an immense impact on airline operations in addition to cost. In radar system to communicates the entire aircrafts within the 200 nautical miles (370 km). An imperative responsibility is the planning of airport operations like arrival and departure of aircraft. At this juncture this paper describes the technique of the execution time in addition to the penalty cost of the every aircrafts. Specified a set of aircrafts by way of target landing times with time windows intended for landings and runways, the intention of the ALP is towards minimizing the entire deviation as of the target landing time calculated for each plane. There are costs associated through landing moreover prior or later than a target landing time meant for each plane. Every aircraft encompass to land on one of the runways surrounded by its predetermined time windows with the intention of separating criteria among the entire pairs of aircraft are satisfied. Existing techniques does not measure the timing factor, consequently based on the time factor penalty cost is extremely high. A lot of of the techniques are utilized towards reducing the penalty cost whenever possible to landing as well as take-off operations are done intended for the emergency flights. These experimentations demonstrate whenever aircrafts landing on the runway in the mean while no congestion on to facilitate particular path, if it’s happening subsequently it seems to be problematic. In order towards eradicating these problems, neural network and Genetic Algorithms through Cauchy mutations are utilized in the direction of eradicating the congestion occur during the runway as well as in addition to proposed technique towards reducing the penalty cost to be charged.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EFFECT OF CALCIUM TITANIUM OXIDE COATING ON THE POWER GENERATION OF SOLAR CELLS[ ]


The present study aims in analyzing the effect of Calcium Titanium Oxide (CaTiO3) coating on the power generation of polycrystalline solar cells. CaTiO3 offers unique characteristics such as orthorhombic, biaxial, non-radioactive and non-magnetic with electron bulk density of 3.91 g/cm3. CaTiO3 film deposition on the solar cell substrate has been carried out using RF magnetron sputter coating technique. This method has advantages in terms of controlling the film thickness, low processing temperature with high stability, multi-layer coating and maintaining chemical stoichiometry. CaTiO3 coating on the substrate has been performed with varying time duration (15-45 min). Constant process parameters are maintained during coating, which are depicted as follows, argon pressure of 0.7 bar, vacuum chamber pressure 6x10-2 mbar and process current 80 mA. Deposition of CaTiO3 film on the substrate has been confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. Pure polycrystalline solar cell (dimension- 2 cm2) portrays total radiation level of 1114 to 846 W/m2 and temperature range of 48.7 °C to 49.7 °C during day time (10 am to 4 pm). Average open circuit voltage observed through multimeter shows generation of 531.8 mv for uncoated solar cell. Solar cells with variation in coating time of CaTiO3 portray 1.01% (15 min), 1.73% (30 min) and 1.09% (45 min) improvement in open circuit voltage compared to control. Uniformity in deposition of CaTiO3 film could be achieved for the coating time of 30 min.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHALLENGES AND APPROACHES TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY TOWARDS GREEN COMPUTING[ ]


Approaches towards financing e-waste recycling depend on a lot of factors including state legislation in addition to policies, social preferences, commodity prices and obtainable recycling facilities. Even though a lot of programs offer free recycling towards the consumer, recycling is never truly free since costs associated by means of collecting, transporting, processing, refurbishing and disposing electronic waste. Before discussing the current state of e-waste disposal in a global in addition to national context, it is vital towards understanding the two main financing models intended for e-waste collecting as well as recycling efforts, Extended Producer Responsibility.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Water Level Monitor, Control and Alerting System Using GSM In Dams and Irrigation System based on Season[ ]


The global system for mobile communication (GSM) is used worldwide for continuous monitoring, controlling and alerting of dam water level. This advance technology uses short message services (SMS) to directly control and monitor the opening and closing of the shutter in dam. Through the SMS this system alerts the people staying nearby places about the rise in water level. Temperature sensor, sense the changes in atmospheric temperature and take up appropriate measure like relieving the excess water in dam for irrigation purpose in seasons. This paper gives a detailed model of the system which senses the changes like temperature and water level difference using sensors, and overflow detection using GSM technology.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mobile Apps For Measuring Green Environment Parameters in Data Center[ ]


The cloud computing is the evolving area in which multiple datacenters are placed in different location for providing data and service to customer and users worldwide. The various performance measures for the efficient cloud computing data center are (PUE) Power Usage Effectiveness, (DCiE) Data center Infrastructure Efficiency, (CPE) Compute Power Efficiency, (GEC) Green Energy Coefficient, (ERF) Energy Reuse Factor, (CUE) Carbon Usage Effectiveness, (WUE) Water Usage Effectiveness, (DCP) Data Centre Productivity, (DCeP) Data Centre Energy Productivity, (SWaP) Space, Wattage and performance. The performance measure and data center servers has gained more importance due to cost effectiveness and customer satisfaction. However customer disagreement can be cause if performance measure is not provided by the data center as specified in SLA. In this paper we present a novel collaborative approach to measure the various performance of the datacenter through a novel real-time collaborative mobile apps application on smart phone to let customer and data center provide interaction in an efficient way.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optimization of Die Design Parameters in Blanking Operation Using Genetic Algorithm[ ]


In the blanking operation, the quality of the product and the tool life is mainly depends upon the punch and die clearance. The main objective of the study is to improve the quality of the product and also the tool life by optimizing the punch and die clearance and sheet thickness. The quality of the product and tool life mainly depends upon the punch and die clearance. If the punch and die clearance is too large leads to large burrs and poor quality, otherwise the clearance is too small results in part with poor edge quality, reduce the tool life and leads to more frequent tool component replacement. By using optimal amount of die clearance, the shear cracks join; this balances the punching force and optimizes part quality and tool life. By getting the optimal amount the optimization is used; in that genetic algorithm is a simple but powerful tool to get the optimal clearance value. This experimentation is carried out with the help of regression equation and genetic algorithm is used to optimize the punch and die clearance.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Classification and Detection of Faults in Grid Connected Photovoltaic System[ ]


An integration of distributed generations (DGs) to the utility grid has raised the need for good power quality, safety operation and islanding protection of the grid interconnection. This paper presents the classification and detection of faults in a distributed generation, particularlyphotovoltaic (PV) grid-connected system. The initial step in fault detection of PV system is recognition, investigation and classification of all possible faults that maybe occur in the system. The classification, simulation and discussionof all possible faults in both AC and DC side of PV system are presented, where 100 kW array connected to a 25 kV grid via a DC-DC boost converter and a three-phase three-level Voltage Source Converter (VSC).

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AN ENERGY EFFICIENT RING ROUTING PROTOCOL WITH A MOBILE SINK FOR WSN[ ]


Routing is one of the challenging tasks in wireless sensor network. In wireless sensor network, the energy of the sensor nodes near the sink drains more rapidly than other nodes due to the data traffic focused towards the sink. To limit the problem of data traffic in a network, energy efficient mobile sink routing protocol is proposed, which aims to reduce the overhead in terms of packet delay and energy utilization. Mobile sinks entirely provide load-balancing and helps in achieving uniform energy consumption diagonally over the network. In sensor network, a center node is selected and with the distance of 100-150 m the ring nodes are identified which forms the ring structure. Further in order to reduce the activation of the nodes in the ring in motive of reducing the energy consumed, the sensor nodes forward its data to the ring nodes and mobile sink moves through this ring structure and aggregates the data.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A ROBUST ENCRYPTION AND DIGITAL WATERMARKING SCHEME FOR DICOM IMAGES USING QUATERNIONS AND DWT-SVD[ ]


The Digital Image and Communication On Medicine (DICOM) images are now subjected for transmission over the internet which bring about concerns regarding data security. The security of the medical images over the DICOM network currently relies on encryption techniques such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES). These techniques however consume substantial processing time for the medical images. A new lossless encryption technique using quaternions can be adopted which reduces the processing time enormously. The quaternion technique is implemented using counter mode of encryption and modular arithmetic operations.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Safety Management (TSM) Implementation in an Electronic Components Manufacturing Industry[ ]


The paper brings a whole new spectrum of light on Total safety Management philosophy and the evolution of TSM concept from a systems perspective in an electronic components manufacturing industry. The traditional method of safety management employed in the industry was not productive in the context of organizational performance. In order to boost up the organizational performance, the establishment of TSM culture is viewed and focused. The functional content of the TSM model with its theoretical framework were discussed. The basic elemental features of TSM are highlighted. The components of TSM and the implementation steps are practically carried out, executed and fulfilled in the industry.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERS IN FACE MILLING PROCESS USING FRICTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN[ ]


In present scenario, with globalized market, industries are in need to produce high surface finish of metallic parts at lowest possible cost. Face milling is most adoptive and widely used technology in creating complex surfaces which creates larger surface finish. The current research focuses on determining optimal cutting parameters to create high Material Removal Rate (MRR) in milling process. These experiments were carried out on LM6 Aluminium alloy reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The machining parameters which are taken for the present study are cutting speed (rpm), feed rate (mm/tooth), depth of cut (mm) and coolant condition. Tungsten coated face mills with lager rake angles are used in machining of LM6 aluminium alloy and frictional factorial design technique is used for optimizing process parameters. Experiment was conducted by eight runs of two level of 24-1 fractional factorial design. The mathematical models were developed from the data generated. ‘T’-test and ‘F’-test were used to test coefficients and adequacy of developed models. The research details that the established equations clearly show that surface roughness increases with the feed increasing and depth of cut but under wet condition it decreases with increasing cutting speed.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPLEMENTATION OF LOSS MANAGEMENT IN A CHEMICAL INDUSTRY[ ]


Chemical manufacturing sector in India is well established and has recorded a steady growth in the overall industrial scenario .The chemical and the allied industries are among the faster growing segments of Indian industry. The risks associated with the chemical industry are commensurate with their growth. Apart from their utility, chemicals have their own inherent properties and hazards like flammable, explosive, toxic or corrosive etc. Several major accidents had occurred in India and around the world killing many lives of people. Thus safety in a chemical industry is of prime concern and this project deals with safety in a chemical company (TCC LTD).There are several methods to improve the safety and minimize the risks like risk assessment, safety models, safety management systems. several methods are implemented in the industries with safety standards like OSHA, HSE etc .Even though many industries are implementing safety systems with these standards still injuries and accidents tend to happen due to many reasons In this project these reasons are searched and necessary actions are taken by implementing a loss prevention programme so that the potential risks are detected and eliminated. The objective is to improve safety and working conditions by carrying out risk assessment in the chemical industry which is TRAVANCORE COCHIN CHEMICALS Ltd, ERNAKULAM.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPTIMIZATION ON THE EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT PARAMETER OF THE WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF HYBRID ALUMINIUM COMPOSITES USING NEURAL NETWORKS[ ]


Among the engineering practiced material, the utilization of aluminum based material is rapidly increasing in all domains especially in aerospace and automobile industries due to excellent physical properties such as low density, low weight and low production cost. But it has a limitation of low wear resistance and poor coefficient of friction and low seizure limit to overcome the problem and to improve the wear behavior of aluminum, reinforcement of hybrid composite elements such as silicon carbide and graphite are added. The aluminum hybrid reinforced composite was produced using stir casting process.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comparative Study of Super Hard TiCrN Coating On Micro Drill Bits Using Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering[ ]


Nano structured TiCrN films were coated on Micro drill bits by pulsed reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique .We have also deposited nano structured TiCrN coatings on silicon wafer and on stainless steel substrates. The process parameters have been optimized to achieve highly adherent good quality TiCrN coating. The crystal structure, chemical composition and morphology of the TiCrN films were characterized by X ray diffraction, Atomic force Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope and energy Dispersive analysis of X ray (EDAX). X ray diffraction patterns and Structural morphology of SEM results of different frequencies of power supply was compared.50 holes are drilled on 1mm thick 316L stainless steel plates by means of both the coated and uncoated drill bits. The holes are compared for its diametral precision, Chip removal and delamination area.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPERIMENTAL AND INVESTIGATION OF HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE[ ]


Concrete is most widely used in construction material in the world. Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is a concrete in which small and discontinuous fibers are dispersed uniformly. The fibers used in FRC may be of different materials like steel, carbon, glass, polypropylene etc. The addition of these fibers into concrete mass can dramatically increase the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of concrete. The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present investigation. In this paper hybrid fiber with crimped steel and polypropylene were used in concrete matrix to study its improvements in strength and durability properties. This paper addresses the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure behavior of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. The specimens incorporated steel and polypropylene fibers in the mix proportions of 0.5% of use of M25and M30 grade of concrete.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Experimental investigation of concrete using Silica Fume and Expanded Polystyrene[ ]


Concrete is the most important ingredient in the construction field. The increases quest for sustainable and eco-friendly materials in the construction industry has led to research on partial replacement of the conventional constituents of concrete by two selected waste materials. The attempt is made on replacing Silica Fume (SF) and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) as replacement for cement and coarse aggregate in the M25 grade concrete. In this project, ordinary portland cement (OPC) is replaced by 10, 20, 30 percentage replacement of Silica Fume and 5 percentage of coarse aggregate is replaced by Expanded Polystyrene in M25 grade concrete.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR TWO PHASE FLOW DISTRIBUTION HEADERS IN HEAT EXCHANGERS[ ]


A flow header having number of small multiple branch pipes are commonly used in boilers and heat exchangers. In the beginning the headers were designed based on the assumption that the fluid distribute equally to all lateral pipes. In practical situation the flow is not uniform and equal in all lateral pipes. Mal distribution of flow in heat exchangers significantly affects their performance. Non-uniform flow distribution from header to the branch pipes in a flow system will lead to 25% decrease in effectiveness of a cross flow heat exchanger. Mal distribution of flow in the header is influenced by the geometric parameters and operating conditions of the header. The flow distribution among the branch pipes of dividing flow header system is analyzed for two phase flow condition. In the two phase flow condition, the effect of change in geometric cross sectional shape of the header (circular, square), inlet flow velocities are varied to find the flow mal distribution through the lateral pipes are investigated with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics software.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFLUENCE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES BY CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON ALUMINIUM ALLOY 7075[ ]


Al-Mg alloys are extensively used in transport applications, including marine, automotive and aviation, due to their high strength-to-density ratio. Cryorolling is one of the important deformation processes to produce sheets with high strength. Because of their strength and light weight, Al-Mg alloys is also desirable in other fields. Rock climbing equipment, bicycle components, inline skating-frames and hang glider airframes are commonly made from 7075 aluminum alloy. They are also used for the manufacture of M16 rifles for the American military. In the present work, formability of cryorolled AA7075 alloy sheets was characterized. Sheet samples were cold rolled and cryorolled with 30% reduction in thickness and mechanical properties were compared. Cryogenic treatment was done on the sheet samples of AA7075 in order to improve their mechanical properties without loss in their strength with respect to reduction in thickness.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Numerical Simulation on the Pattern Factor of the Annular Combustor[ ]


Combustor in a Combustion system plays a vital role in controlling pressure loss distribution, durability, stability and performance. The design of combustion chamber involves complex coupling of aerodynamics, thermodynamics and chemical kinetics of reaction. There are various parameters which decide the successful design of combustion chamber, one of them is the exit profile factor or pattern factor. The life of turbine blade is decided by the exit temperature profile; hence it is vital key to be studied.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR TWO PHASE FLOW DISTRIBUTION HEADERS IN HEAT EXCHANGERS[ ]


A flow header having number of small multiple branch pipes are commonly used in boilers and heat exchangers. In the beginning the headers were designed based on the assumption that the fluid distribute equally to all lateral pipes. In practical situation the flow is not uniform and equal in all lateral pipes. Mal distribution of flow in heat exchangers significantly affects their performance. Non-uniform flow distribution from header to the branch pipes in a flow system will lead to 25% decrease in effectiveness of a cross flow heat exchanger. Mal distribution of flow in the header is influenced by the geometric parameters and operating conditions of the header. The flow distribution among the branch pipes of dividing flow header system is analyzed for two phase flow condition. In the two phase flow condition, the effect of change in geometric cross sectional shape of the header (circular, square), inlet flow velocities are varied to find the flow mal distribution through the lateral pipes are investigated with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics software.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------