NCETME - 2020: National Conference on Emerging trends in Mechanical Engineering

"NCETME 2020 Conference Papers "

Pages   [1] [2] [3]
 

REVIEW PAPER OF SOLAR ELECTRIC TRICYCLE [ ]


Solar plays a vital role in our day to day life. We have developed the solar tricycle especially for handicapped person Comfort of the person in the tricycle is an important and we have given importance to it. The main content of the tricycle is Solar PV panel, Brushless wiper motor, Charge controller and battery. This will discuss about the main idea of this project and to get a larger picture on what is the problem in the current technologies. Nowadays fuel prices throughout the world is increasing day by day thus a solar tricycle provides an alternative by harnessing solar energy to charge the battery to run the motor Since India is blessed with nine months of sunny climate thus concept of solar tricycle is very friendly in India. Solar hybrid tricycle can become a very vital alternative to the fueled automobile Thus its manufacturing is essential

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DEVELOPMENT OF 3D MODEL FROM 2D IMAGE BY POINT CLOUD METHOD[ ]


Reverse engineering faces challenges when it comes to data extraction using indirect contact method. There are 3D scanners capable of extracting data from distance more than a few meters away without contacting the objects but yet limited to same space range only. Although synchronizing the 3D scanners from another place can enable long distance data extraction, synchronizing devices over long distance can lead to other issues such as lagging. Moreover, the uses of 3D scanners usually involve quite long consumption time regardless of same space range or long distance range application. To overcome these issues, this study introduces a 3D surface reconstruction system by including a webcam imaging technique to produce a 3D point cloud, which is the same as that produced by a 3D scanner, and thus, eliminate the use of a 3D scanner. Through webcam imaging, image data can be transferred over the Internet and can be shared instantly even in different locations. Hence, webcam imaging is an alternative to using a 3D scanner. This system will continuously generate 3D free-form surfaces to resemble the surface profile of physical objects. Acquiring data until the surface fitting process will take less time compared with using a combination of 3D scanner and CAD software. In addition, results produced from the webcam imaging technique are compared with conventional results from a 3D scanner.

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Numerical analysis of supersonic nozzle using method of Characteristic[ ]


Nozzle is a device in which pressure energy is converted in to kinetic energy and this supersonic nozzle can be used for different application includes aerospace, materials science, automobile many more. Present study involves study of flow parameter of a supersonic nozzle for different divergence angle. Convergent area is assumed be a constant but in divergent section area is changing with respect to divergence angle. Flow parameter is observed for the different divergence angle and they are Mach number, static pressure , velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, the diverge angle is used for the 11°,13°.

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Design and Analysis of Plate fin Heat Exchanger used in Radar Systems.[ ]


There is a wide application of plate fin heat exchanger in the field of cryogenics and other industrial Applications for its enhanced heat transfer characteristics and compact structure. There are various factors present that may affect the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger. Here, the experiment has been done by varying the thickness of each of the fins in the heat exchanger and the velocity of the cooling liquid used. The thickness is varied from 0.2mm, 0.5mm and 1mm. The analysis has been done using SolidWorks simulation. Different parameters are calculated from the results obtained and graphs are plotted between various parameters such as Final Temperature of the cooling liquid used, which is in our case, Ethylene Glycol and Water (50:50 ratio). These graphs have been analyzed and discussed to find out the optimal result for which the heat exchanger would give the best performance.

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Design and Development of Cylindrical Robot for Library Applications[ ]


A cylindrical coordinate system is a three-dimensional coordinate system that specifies point positions by the distance from a chosen reference axis, the direction from the axis relative to a chosen reference direction and the distance from a chosen reference plane perpendicular to the axis. The design of three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) cylindrical robot, covering the entire mechatronic process, involving kinematics, control design and optimizing methods. To accelerate the construction of the robot, 3D printing is used to fabricate few parts. The use of robots in library is becoming more popular in recent years. The trend seems to continue as long as the robotics technology meets diverse and challenging needs in educational purpose. This project will provide better service at input as well as output of library, in more elaborate form you have to just select the book at book issue counter book will come automatically to your end. The prototype consists of robotic arm along with grippers capable of moving in cylindrical work space and an ATMEGA 2560 microcontroller. Python is the Software used for programming, RFID is used for identifying the books and it has two IR Sensors for detecting the path. This would reduce the user efforts and save time. In this project we will implement practical knowledge of mechanical engineering. The goal of this project, library automation is to automatically issue books and important fact is that it provides security against theft.

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Determination of Critical Spares and its Stocking Policy to Optimize Maintenance Costs[ ]


The purpose of this study was to determine critical spares of the machines that are being operated at Maini Plant to suggest a suitable stocking policy for critical spares to optimize maintenance costs. sometimes the Industries tend to understock or overstock spares, to effectively handle this situation we propose a stocking policy based on order points calculated for each critical spare.

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Design And Fabrication Of Self Weighing Truck With Free Rotation[ ]


The purpose of this project titled DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SELF WEIGHING TRUCK WITH FREE ROTATION is to minimize the paper work and to reduce the time consumption at weighing bridge to make transportation more convenient in country like India.

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Elimination of Leakages in Hand Primer [ ]


This work is intended to eliminate the leakages in the hand primer and to reduce the rework of hand The main aim of project is to fulfil the customer needs this is achieved by finding root cause of the problem statement and based on the type of root cause the inspection is to be proceed and based on the inspection the assembly of hand primer is studied and suitable solution is implemented to eliminate the leakages

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High-temperature corrosion behaviour of plasma sprayed NiCr-Al2O3 Coating[ ]


The operating conditions in power plants boilers are conducive to fire side corrosion and erosion, both in the furnace wall and in the super heater and reheater areas and these effects cause tube wall thinning and premature failure. In coal fired boiler, corrosion occurs in several fashion due to combustion products which change their state of matter and become salts at high temperature. Combustion of coal generates very high corrosive media particularly near the superheated tubes forming high aggressive ash deposits that contain alkaline metals of sodium, potassium and sulphur.Ash formed due to the combustion of such fuels have a high concentration of compounds formed by Vanadium, Sodium and Sulphur mainly has Na2SO4-V2O5 complex and sodium-vanadium mixtures. These compounds easily liquefy at operating temperature of boilers because they have low melting points 550ËšC and cause accelerated corrosion.The hot corrosion behavior of high velocity oxyfuel sprayed (NiCr 75%+Al2O3 25%)&(NiCr 75%+Al2O3 25%) coating on substrate alloy T22 was investigated.

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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF GANTRY ROBOT FOR NURSERY SEED SOWING APPLICATION[ ]


This work presents the design and implementation of a gantry robot, which performs seed sowing mechanism for nursery use. Seed sowing manually is the inefficient flaws and it became less productive, slow and non-flexible processing when it comes to manual mechanism. To overcome this problem a 3 axis rectangular plane gantry robot is introduced, which can perform the seed sowing application quickly and efficiently. The system comprises of gantry robot with a conveyor system, and completely controlled by programmable logical controller. The conveyors carry’s the tray on which the seed are sown with the help of the gantry robot. The robot is fabricated and tested for movement in X, Y, Z directions.

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CFD ANALYSIS OF AN ECONOMIZER FOR HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUE[ ]


Economizers are used in conventional coal-fired thermal power plants to reduce the wastage of thermal energy through flue gases and increase the efficiency of the boiler. This helps the industry as there is an increase in profit. From the previous numerous researches, we have found that the efficiency of economizer can be increased by using different passive, active, and compound techniques. Several passive techniques can be used to enhance the heat transfer of an economizer. Some of the commonly used passive techniques are rough surfaces, treated surfaces, extended surfaces, etc. Our project mainly concentrates on the serrated fins extended surfaces. There has been work on serrated fins extended surfaces in case of heat exchangers but less amount of work has been done in case of economizers. Our work concentrates on the twisting of blades of serrated fins and the effect it produces on the efficiency of economizer using the CFD model. We will be comparing the CFD result with the industrial data.

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DESIGN AND DEVEVELOPMENT OF LOW COST PICK AND PLACE CARTESIAN ROBOT WITH USE OF SERVO GRIPPER[ ]


The rapid development of robot-based automation technology provides convenience in a variety of processes, both in the aspect of improving the quality and quantity of the production process. One example of an industrial robot application of this system is a robotic manipulator with a Cartesian configuration type, which low-cost, Python integrated open loop controlled Cartesian robot for the small and medium scale industries. Palletizing is one of the basic requirements of the production industry, Palletizing will be monotonous job for the humans. Hence robots are very essential for the repetitive jobs. Robot size will be X-300, Y-300, Z-300 all axis will be equipped with the Nema17 stepper motors. Belt drive will be used for the Transmission. And reputability of the robot will be around 0.2mm and velocity 1m/min.

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DESIGN & FABRICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL SET UP FOR VORTEX FLOW VISUALISATION[ ]


In this paper, by using a towing tank surface visualization of vortex flows around simple geometrical bodies have been investigated to understand the basic nature of resistance offered by the flows to the moving body .Flow visualization is the process of making the physics of fluid flows (gases, liquids) visible .In this paper, we have explored a range of techniques for creating images of fluid flows .The work is motivated not just by the utility and importance of fluid flows, but also by the beauty. The Flow Visualization course is designed for mixed teams of engineering and fine arts photography and video, but anybody who has paid attention to the patterns while stirring milk into coffee or stared at the curl of a rising tendril of smoke has participated inflow visualization, and will understand the purpose of this paper. Surface flow visualization around 2D objects is used to determine qualitatively the extent of resistance offered by the flow to the motion of the body .Surface visualization can be achieved either by moving the flow around the body or by moving the body in a static fluid. In this paper, we explore a range of techniques for creating images of fluid flows. The work is motivated not just by the utility and importance of fluid flows, but also by the inherent beauty. Vortex flows Is very predominant in determining the resistance offered during the motion of a body in a medium. These flows have a characteristics which is independent of the media of the flow and its velocity, but depends only upon a parameter called Reynolds number which is a non dimensional number formed by the velocity, geometrical parameter and kinematic viscosity of the fluid. Surface streaks accurately map out

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Design and fabrication of Delta Type 3D printer [ ]


3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), refers to various processes used to synthesize a three-dimensional object. In 3D printing, successive layers of material are formed under computer control to create an object. These objects can be of almost any shape or geometry and are produced from a 3D model or other electronic data source. A 3D printer is a type of industrial robot. Rapid prototyping is a technique used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD/INVENTORY) data. Construction of the part or assembly is usually done using 3D printing or "additive layer manufacturing" technology 3D printers capable of outputting in color and multiple materials already exist and will continue to improve to a point where functional products will be able to be output. With effects on energy use, waste reduction, customization, product availability, medicine, art, construction and sciences, 3D printing will change the manufacturing world. This is just like a Cartesian bot.

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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CARTESIAN 3D PRINTER AT LOW COST[ ]


3D printing is called as desktop fabrication. It is a process of prototyping where a structure is synthesized from a 3D model. The 3D model is stored in as an STL format and after that forwarded to a 3D printer. Then the 3D printer creates 3D parts by depositing materials layer by layer. Hence it is also called as Additive manufacturing. It can use a wide range of materials such as ABS, PLA, etc., The 3D printer which we are manufacturing can produce the products of size up to 229x229 mm. This work is carried out to make a 3D printer available at a lower cost than the 3D printer available in the market and also to make it easy to operate. We designed the parts of the 3D printer in Solid works and 2D drawings of the parts. After the Fabrication, a part is printed using the 3D printer to check the print quality. To make it easy to use we are installing an SD card reader in the 3D printer to input the program into the 3D printer instead of using a computer.

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Fabrication of Agricultural Robot for Ploughing, Seeding and Grass Cutting[ ]


In India, nearly about 70% people are dependent upon agriculture. So the agriculture system in India should be advanced to reduce the efforts of farmers. Various number of operations are performed in the agriculture field like seeding, weeding, waste planet cutting, plowing etc. Very basic and significant operation is seeding plowing, plant cutting. But the present methods of seeding, plowing and plant cutting are problematic. The equipments used for seed sowing are very difficult and inconvenient to handle. So there is a need to develop equipment which will reduce the efforts of farmers. This system introduces a control mechanism which aims to drop seeds at particular position with specified distance between two seeds and lines while sowing. The drawbacks of the existing system will be removed successfully in this automatic machine.

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Comparative Study on Aluminum Coating Methods on Ti-6Al-4V - Review[ ]


Titanium alloy is widely used especially in the aerospace industry. Though it has excellent favorable properties, it also possesses poor tribological properties. It is thus important to enhance its properties by various surface modification techniques. This review comprises of a comparison between the various methods of coating titanium alloy with aluminum. Seven different processes namely laser surface alloying process; plasma electrolytic oxidation process, thermal diffusion process, ion-plating process, vacuum evaporation process, magnetron sputtering process and dip coating process were evaluated and discussed. It was concluded here that dip coating is the most effective means of coating.

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Automated Paint Dosing Machine - A Comprehensive Review [ ]


Painting is one of the surface finish operations which is done to a part to obtain a well protected and decorative finish. It has many limitations, when it comes to painting an industrial part which is large requires a huge capacity spray gun that cannot be manually operated and there are other health hazards associated with it. All these limitations can be overcome by automation. Design and fabrication of such a system includes identifying the challenges faced and draw a solution. The system includes containers made of acrylic tubes seated on aluminium flange, which is connected using pneumatic connectors and tubes whose opening and closing is operated using solenoid valve (CV).

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Design and Fabrication of Multi-Purpose Agriculture Vehicle[ ]


Agriculture plays an important role in the Indian economy. Mechanized agriculture is a process of using agricultural machinery for different processes of agriculture. The aim of the project is to design and develop a multipurpose agricultural vehicle, to perform different agricultural processes such as ploughing, sowing, weeding, spraying and levelling. In this project a rechargeable battery and motor is used to run the vehicle. The power from battery is also used for seed sowing process which is done automatically. A rotavator is installed for soil preparation process. A sprayer pump is installed for pesticide spraying operation. The different parts are easily adjustable.

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DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING FACILITY FOR STORING VEGETABLES AND FRUITS[ ]


A solar powered evaporative cooling system designed and constructed to increase the shelf life of stored vegetables and fruits. The equipment operates on the principle of evaporative cooling and increasing the relative humidity (RH) in the preservation chamber. The quality and storage life of fruits and vegetables may be seriously compromised within a few hours of harvest unless the crop has been cooled promptly to control deterioration. The major problem during storage is the change in the quality parameters of the produce especially the physical characteristics such as the color, texture, and freshness in which the price sometimes depends on. In order to extend the shelf life, fruits and vegetables need to be properly stored. Proper storage means controlling both the temperature and relative humidity of the storage area. Although, refrigeration is very popular but it has been observed that several fruits and vegetables, for example banana, plantain, tomato etc. cannot be stored in the domestic refrigerator for a long period as they are susceptible to chilling injury. Apart from this, the power supply and low income of farmers in the rural communities makes refrigeration expensive. Evaporative cooling occurs when air, that is not too humid, passes over a wet surface the faster the rate of evaporation the greater the cooling. The efficiency of an evaporative cooling structure depends on the humidity of the surrounding air.An Evaporative cooler reduces the storage temperature and also increases the relative humidity within the optimum level of the storage thereby keeping the fruits and vegetables fresh. It can be use for short term preservation after harvested. Thus, an evaporative cooling is a low cost technology for storage of fruits and vegetables. The Technology of evaporative cooling is cost effective and could be used to prolong the shelf-life.

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Incipient Fault Detection in Spur Gear Box[ ]


Gearbox is one of the most widely used transmission systems in the world. However, due to high service load, severe operating situations or fatigue, faults may develop in gears. Vibration health supervising is a non-destructive technique which can be applied to perceive faults proliferating in gear teeth. The main objective of the work is to detect the Incipient faults in the spur gear. The spur gear is induced with the defects using the Electrical Discharge Machine (EDM) and damaged gear is installed in the gearbox and vibrations were captured using the Piezo-electric accelerometer and analyzed using the MATLAB. The experimental tests have shown that the tooth surface roughness changes and contact length variations will generate impulse vibrations and friction force changes with considerable amplitudes. This method of incipient fault detection is very easy to implement and detect the faults which reduces the time required in disassembly of breakdown machines. The results indicate that the Vibration amplitude intensifies with increase in fault percentage which enables us to identify the damage and replace the gears before breakdown.

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Effective Treatment and Utilization Of Food Waste & Degradable Waste To Produce Biogas[ ]


In our homes daily a large amount of kitchen waste is obtained which can be utilized for better purposes. Biogas production requires anaerobic digestion. The overall goal was to use the food waste to produce a useable energy source in the form of methane gas and to serve as an educational example for the community. We developed methods to produce, filter, collect, and store biogas and used the gas as a cooking fuel instead of a heat source for the greenhouse. Overall, by creating a biogas reactors in the backyard of our homes will be beneficial. Kitchen (food waste) was collected from home for our reactor which works as anaerobic digester system to produce biogas energy. The anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste produces biogas, a valuable energy resource anaerobic digestion is a microbial process for production of biogas, which consist of primarily methane (CH4) & carbon dioxide (CO2). The continuously fed digester requires addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to maintain the alkalinity and pH to 7. For this reactor we have introduced the shredder where the larger sized food waste is converted into smaller substances which increases the speed of digestion in the digester. A temperature maintaining instrument is used for biogas production at 37°-55°C so as to increase the speed of digestion in the digester.

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Solar Tracking Autonomous Lawn Mower[ ]


This paper describes the different features and technologies that could be implemented for present Grass Cutter. In today’s world, Automation is a very important part of invention. Presently, manually handled devices are commonly used for cutting the grass over the lawn. Because of this, there is pollution and loss of energy. The solar lawn mower is a fully automated grass cutting robotic vehicle powered by solar energy that also avoids obstacles and is capable of fully automated grass cutting without the need of any human intervention. The old grass cutters need to be replaced by automated one where system will work on its own or under the guidance and obstacle detection using battery as a power source that could be charged very efficiently with solar tracking system. A solar panel will be rotating to track the sun position from one horizon to other this will reduce the problem of more power consumption.

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Air Filtration Technology-A Comprehensive Review[ ]


Industries and vehicles are primary contributors for air pollution. Particle matter (PM2.5 & PM10) are a major concern nowadays. Few of the hazardous health effects of particulate matter are insomnia, asthma, heart diseases, stroke, lung cancer, etc. These are triggered by the increased levels of air pollution. PM2.5 also reduces the life span of outdoor electronic equipment’s. There exist many techniques for achieving breathable air, other than reforestation, air purification is another viable option. Air purifiers have played a vital role in producing clean air and reducing the occurrence of the hazardous health issues in humans. In this paper a study of the effects of polluting contaminants, PM2.5 & PM10 are done, along with a study of the different existing air filtration technologies and the review of some of the analysis of air filtration techniques.

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Design and Development Of AI Based Quality Inspection Automation Based On Colour And Size[ ]


Automation is need of future. Machines are replacing humans everywhere as they are fast and efficient than humans. Many industries lack in skilled labour and because HSV their efficiency also hampers. Sorting of object is one the basic work done in almost every kind of industry. Physical sorting depends upon colour, shape and other physical attributes of the object. THSV work represents the machine vision-based object sorter. A Camera is used to give machine vision to the project. Camera takes the picture of the object on conveyer belt and passes HSV image to PC for the further processing using python based OpenCV software. OpenCV does the required Colour Processing of the received image using Digital Image Processing Coding. Colour is most important feature of an object. Colour of a living thing holds vital information about quality of object. Here Digital Image Processing is used to get colour related information of the object, shape of the object & seven size of the object. Object sorting and the grading of the object is done based on its colour. Open CV used for colour processing of the image. RGB and HSV colour models along with analysing the colour, size & shape of the image.

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Design and Fabrication of Multi Directional Forging Die for processing of Aluminium Material[ ]


Design and fabrication of multi directional forging (MDF) die and specification of die material (work piece) , and demonstration of required Machining process like milling, facing, grinding, and Harding process. The Preparation of multi directional forging (MDF) die is economic method for the processing of material properties and the effect of multi directional forging (MDF) method in the microstructure evaluation and the grain structure of the conventional aluminium material in the Industries is more because of it’s effective mechanical properties. And those results should concluded from these multi direction forging technique.

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NUMERICAL MODELING OF AN ECONOMIZER USING SERRATED AND ROUGH SURFACE FOR HEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION[ ]


Economizers are used in conventional coal-fired thermal power plant to reduce the wastage of thermal energy through flue gases and increase the efficiency of boiler. This helps the industry as there is increase in profit. From the previous numerous research we have found that, the efficiency of economizer can be increased by using different passive, active and compound techniques. There are a number of passive techniques which can be used to enhance the heat transfer of an economiser. Some of the commonly used passive techniques are rough surfaces, treated surfaces, extended surfaces etc. Our project mainly concentrates on the serrated fins +Rough surface. There have been work on serrated fins extended surfaces in case of heat exchangers but less amount of work has been done in case of economizers. Our work concentrates on the twisting of blades of serrated fins and the effect it produces on the efficiency of economizer using CFD model. We will be comparing the CFD result with the industrial data.

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Design and Development of Palletizing SCARA ROBOT for Food Processing industry[ ]


Robotics have become a common course in a lot of higher institutions. Although there are many robots available in the market, most of them are for industrial purposes and are costly. There is a need to develop low cost robots for students in higher institutions to learn the elements of robotics such as design, kinematics, dynamics, sensing and control. The aim of this project is to design and develop a mechanical structure of a SCARA robot that can perform certain tasks for educational, research and exhibition purposes such as pick and place operation. There report discusses the steps used in design and development of a 3 degree of freedom SCARA robot which includes specification definition, conceptual design, product development, and testing. the specifications of the SCARA robot are first determined. the best conceptual design of the SCARA robot is chosen after making concept evaluation in the conceptual design phase. Then, in third phase which is the product generation, the chosen design of the SCARA robot is fine-tuned. The direct and inverse kinematics, dynamics of the robot are then modeled. Off shelf parts are also selected based on the derived parameters from calculations. Electronic parts such as sensors and dedicated controller using low cost microcontroller are then developed. Finally, the developed SCARA robot is tested to see whether it fits the targeted specifications.SCARA robots are among the most widely used robots in industry due to their inherent rigidity and high accuracy. The design process included, joint design, link design, controller design as well as selection of mechanical and electrical components. SCARA robot offers impressive performance such as ~±0.2 mm repeatability, maximum linear velocity of 8.5 m/s in XY plane, 0.8 seconds pick and place cycle time and a flexible control system. These specifications are in line with existing industrial robots. However, unlike the existing commercial robots, the control architecture in SCARA is designed to allow for simple implementation of new python control algorithms.

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Design and Development of Articulate Robot for Machine Tending Applications[ ]


The Robot is a mechanical device that can be defined as an automatically controlled, re-programmable, multipurpose manipulator in three or more axes (in three or more DOF), which may be either fixed or portable. Robots are now more than an electro-mechanical machine, as robots that control by a program or circuit to become the solution of the future as customer’s demand. The automated glass handling robot, is one of the pick-and-place robot that are widely used in manufacturing industry. It is equipped with robotic arm and conveyor that not only speed up the process, which increases production rates, but it is also more accurate and do not fatigue. Glass handling robot also can perform task within a few seconds of cycle time by giving certain commands. The implementation of automated glass handling robots in the industry indeed enhances production capability and increase profitability. Robotics and automation is employed in order to replace human to perform those tasks, that are routine, dangerous, dull and in a hazardous area. In a world of advanced technology. Today automation greatly increases production capability, improve product quality and lower production cost. It takes just a few people to program or monitor the computer and carry out routine maintenance.

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Design and Development of CNC Based Laser Engraver[ ]


Basically in laser engraving the laser beam burns the top layer of the surface to be engraved. The burnt area is left uncolored which makes it appear different from the surrounding surface. While in laser cutting laser beam has to penetrate through the surface. This can be achieved by prolonging the beam on a particular area for a long period of time, duration being decided on the strength of material to be cut. We are still collecting data from different resources to know this topic more in depth. In our project we have decided to develop working model of laser cutting and engraving machine. This machine is very useful in our department since it’s a kind of rapid prototyping machine. It can cut out paper patterns and thermoplastic sheets to produce desired shape and patterns. Till now we have collected information on laser cutting, laser and what engraving is. Laser cutting is different from laser engraving, in case of engraving very low intensity laser torch is used as compared to laser cutting. We got a brief introduction on laser, how it works, what are its properties, how to generate it and how to control its intensity. It might nut cut through chunks of wood but surely burn the top layer. Simulation analyses are performed in CAD software ‘SOLID WORKS’ in order to simulate each part of the machine. It was helpful for remodeling the moving bed or the job holder, if any errors found during the simulation. Additionally, experiments are performed for the develop laser cutting engraving machine.

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Thermal analysis of a rack mountable unit to study conjugate heat transfer using Solid Works[ ]


When an electronic component is powered, heat will be developed which will in turn increases the component temperature. For safe functioning of these components manufacturer specifies allowable temperature. If the component temperature exceeds these limits component fails. To get rid of this situation heat dissipation mechanism must be effective. Thermal design of an enclosure for PCBs of a rack mountable unit is taken up in this work. The primary objective is to enhance the heat dissipation rate with the proposed enclosure in free and forced convection environment. Selection of fan and estimation of cooling rate is also done. As part of the work junction temperature is estimated using commercial SOLID WORKS software package. After validation process maximum component temperature is obtained in order to ascertain the cooling effectiveness of the proposed thermal design by ensuring that maximum temperature is within the prescribed limits. The selection of a cabinet, enclosure or other packaging for an electronic product presents the designer or system integrator with a variety of choices, in addition to certain criteria that will be dictated by the nature of the application.

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EXTRACTION OF BETALAIN DYE FROM BEETROOT AND PREPARATION OF ORGANIC DSSC[ ]


this study is about the dye sensitizers extracted from organic and natural resources. This paper focuses on selection, extraction of natural dye and fabrication of betalain sensitized solar cell. The effect of the betalain dye and extraction method and parameters such as temperature, absorption rate, pH are analyzed. Also, light absorption by the dye and the effect of mixture or change in concentration of betalain extracts and acetic acid is investigated. . Results from betalain pigments presenting beetroot extracts are examined by using UV-Vis spectrometry, Dye sensitized solar cell(DSSC’s) fallows same principle as the photosynthesis that occur In plants and trees. DSSC’s are advantageous due to their non-toxic property, easy and less-cost Manufacturing process. Design and experimental process have major factors that increases the conversion efficiency. Hence, optimization of each component is necessary to attain best performance results, and thus the colour pigment in the dye plays major role. Cells are fabricated with simple procedure, sensitizer taken as a major component, the same consecutive procedure are followed by varying only the concentration of acitic acid and dye extract mixture.

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Study on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine with Blends Biodiesel with Diesel as Fuel[ ]


The wide use of petroleum-based lubricants increases concerns about pollution, and the rising of awareness of greenhouse gases has produced a demand for the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable lubricants for industrial applications. Vegetable oils are one of the bio-oils that is a good choice for the replacement for petroleum products, due to their environmentally friendly characteristics. Many researchers have accomplished bio-lubricants from sunflower oil, corn oil, palm oil and soy oil but few have studied Jatropha, Neem and Pongamia oil, as a lubricant. In this study, performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel on a diesel engine are tested. Experiments were conducted using bio-diesel blends. The results were compared with diesel.

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A Review on Automatic Tyre Inflation System[ ]


Paper is concerned about and to develop an automatic tyre pressure inflation system. As we are aware that by drop of few pressure units in vehicle its results in the reduction in mileage, tyre life, safety and performance.This system can be placed in every in automobile under any operating condition, this will not only maintain the correct tyre pressure but also increase tyre life, mileage and safety so we have fabricated this system to inflate and deflate the tyre automatically by using control units. This system is named automatic because it checks the tyre pressure continuously using built control device and accordingly gives alert signals to the driver about the tyre condition.

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Development of Carbon Fibers Reinforced Silicon Carbide Matrix Ceramic Composite[ ]


Silicon Carbide (SiC) powders as matrix, which is present in micro scale, is pulverised to nano scale using ball milling process. This process is carried out for 8 hours, with two 10mmϕ Tungsten Carbide balls. Microscopic study is done and material is examined using SEM. Carbon Fibers (Cf) are randomly mixed with the milled powders for better mechanical properties. Sintering process is carried out using machined graphite die and punch at 1900ºC and 2200ºC for two samples. The sintered materials are characterized by sintering temperatures. Comparing the samples we can understand the variation of mechanical properties of ceramics with sintering temperature.

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AUTOMATED PLASTIC SHREDDING DUSTBIN[ ]


Waste management is a problem our modern world has been facing for a long time now with no clear and definite solution in sight. Plastics are one of the major worries of this waste management crisis due to its abundance and nondegradable nature. Presently the processing of plastic waste happens only at a large-scale industry level. Like the solution to many problems we’ve come across, is to deal with the problem at a smaller scale before it reaches a larger scale. The Automated Plastic Shredding Dustbin is a device that will be able to perform the initial steps of plastic waste management right at the source of the waste production. The shredding mechanism is similar to the mechanism used at industries scaled down to a highly compact version. Which will be used to shred commercial and single use plastics produced at events, offices or even at homes? There by shredding and compressing this huge problem.

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LOADING BRACKET FOR LANDING GEAR OF AN AIRCRAFT[ ]


The design and analysis of an aircraft component plays a key role during design of aircraft. The loading bracket has to be designed in such a way that it should be rigid enough to sustain the heavy loads encountered during the landing test. For stress analysis purpose, many software has been developed to calculate the ability and strength of the material to withstand loads and forces. The method approach is with the help of CATIA (to design) and ANSYS (to analyze) software. Hence during analysis, strength test is conducted and based on results of the landing bracket for landing gear, design is validated.

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Simulation of Radome Moving at Supersonic Speed[ ]


Aerospace vehicles at supersonic speeds usually have Mach number in range of 1.2–5. These High-speed flights produce severe thermal and pressure load conditions on the radome. Radome design involves multi-disciplinary process. The shape should be designed for minimum aerodynamic drag and least aberrations. The radome must be able to withstand the aerodynamic heating and pressure loads during the flight conditions at the same time the design should not affect the performance of the electronic module such as Seeker and Radio Proximity Fuse. In aerospace applications, radomes often double as a nose cone and thus have a significant impact on the aerodynamics of the aircraft. High velocity and temperature acting on the radome during flight are analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). This study deals with computational analysis various nose cone profiles. Flow phenomena observed in numerical simulations for different nose cone profiles are highlighted, critical design aspects and performance characteristics of the selected nose cone are presented. Variation of Drag Coefficient (Cd) for various radome shapes are compared.

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CYCLONE SEPARATOR[ ]


Cyclone Separator is a commonly used device to separate dust particles from gas and dust flow. The project presents the design and development of Cyclone Separators based on CFD along with simulations. The present work is based on the performance of flour mill Cyclone Separator for different inlet velocity. In the present investigation the characteristics of the standard cyclone are studied and its effect on performance parameters like pressure drop and efficiency. Cyclone Separator is designed with single tangential inlet and two outlets at the barrel top and bottom area. The study was performed for air-dust flow, based on an experimental study available in the literature, where a conventional Cyclone Separator model was used. Simulation of flow was done with the help of CFD software and verification was done with the help of Theoretical analysis. From our analysis, it is observed that with an increase in inlet velocity from 8-24 m/s the efficiency significantly increases by 5-7% and with an increase in particle diameter of 5 to 25 micrometer the efficiency increases, to obtain proper working of device it is suggested to be operated within inlet velocity range of 10-15 m/s as the pressure drop values are close to theoretical values.

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Microalgae Oil as Bio-lubricant- A Review[ ]


In the current world environmental pollution is a major concern which is mostly affected by usage of wide variety of petroleum-based products which increases global warming. As a result, more environmentally friendly products are required especially in automotive field. In this concern we are producing a bio-lubricant which is eco-friendly and bio-degradable for industrial applications. There are many vegetable bio-oil extracts from neem, palm, jatropha etc., in current market but we chose Alga bio-oil due to its availability and environmentally friendly properties as a renewable resource. In this study, we extracted lipids from algae and converted that into glycerol by Transesterification process and further tested oil properties for viscosity and FFA percentage. Final obtained oil is tested for different lubricant properties. Experiments were conducted using four-ball tribometer. The results were compared with those of 20W50 mineral oil.

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