NCCAM 2016 - National Conference On Current Advances In Mechanical Engineering

"NCCAM 2016 Conference Papers "

E Class Railway stations Revenue Hike and development Strategy in Kerala[ ]


In the present, all small railway stations in Trivandrum & Palakkad divisions of Kerala state need some more exposure and development for the enhancement of the transportation system in the rural area. In this journal paper, the author has applied the theory of Marketing Management in the area of Small railway station up gradation. We have discussed how pull system of Marketing can be applied in the Small railway station to attract more passengers in the railway stations. In this paper, the author has done a case study in Pudukad Railway station which comes under E class category under Trivandrum division of Kerala state

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Design and Fabrication of Steering and Bracking System for All Terrain Vehicle[ ]


The project aimed at designing, analysing, fabrication and testing of steering and braking system for a student Baja car and their integration in the whole vehicle. The car has been designed and fabricated to the best of its possible. The primary objective of this project was to identify and determine the design the parameters of a vehicle with a proper study of vehicle dynamics. This project helped us to study and analyse the procedure of vehicle steering and braking system designing and to identify the performance affecting parameters. It also helped us to understand and overcome the theoretical difficulties of vehicle design.

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A SHOCK ABSORBER[ ]


Shock absorbers are a critical part of a suspension system, connecting the vehicle to its wheels. The main function of vehicle suspension system is to separate the vehicle body and passengers from the oscillation created by the irregularities and to provide continuous contact of vehicle’s wheel from the road surface. A suspension system or shock absorber is a mechanical device designed to smooth out or damp shock impulse, and dissipate kinetic energy. The shock absorbers duty is to absorb or dissipate energy. So the design of spring in suspension system is very important.

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLER USING CFD AS PER BIS NORMS[ ]


The design of the impeller was carried out in order to improve the performance of a centrifugal pump. Design parameters from vane plane development for impeller design were selected and effect of the design parameters on the performance of the pump was analyzed using ANSYS package Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used for fluid flow analysis. Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Engineering (CAE ) are made it possible without the actual manufacture of the impeller, a 3D model can be generated using commercial 3D CAD software’s like CATIA, SolidWorks, etc. and models can be simulated for flow visualization using CFD. CFD is closer to experimentation than to theoretical fluid dynamics. Numerical simulation is done on the design specification of centrifugal pump of discharge 5 liters/s capacity, 22 m head carried out using FLUENT. Modeling of impeller is done with SolidWorks software pack and Finite element analysis is done on impeller with ANSYS software for investigation of stresses. And flow analysis is performed by using computational fluid dynamics Software. The three-dimensional flow field of the whole flow passage of a mixed-flow pump is numerically simulated by using CFD software on the basis of turbulent model according to the original design of the pump.

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Synthesis and Mechanical Characterization of Woven Banana and Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites[ ]


Use of eco-friendly composites gain attraction due to its light weight and moderate strength in the recent years. Woven fabrics are attractive as reinforcement since they provide excellent integrity and conformability for advanced structural composite applications. In this work, woven banana and glass fibre (WRM) fabrics were arranged in different stacking sequences to prepare the composite. The effect of this layering arrangement, woven architecture and influence of glass fibre hybridization on the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus, bending characteristics, impact energy absorption etc. are investigated. The inter-laminar shear strength and fracture toughness study of the fabricated composites arealso focused. Three types of hybrid laminates are fabricated by using hand lay-up method. By introducing weaving architecture to form the fibre laminates, around 50 % of the improvement in tensile strength and a considerable difference in impact strength was obtained. The layer sequence has greater effect on flexural and inter-laminar shear properties than tensile properties. An overall comparison between the properties of all the laminates revealed that the hybrid laminate with glass plies as skin layers gives the optimum combination with a good balance between the properties and cost. The fracture toughness and inter-laminar shear strength of the hybrid composites were even higher than those of glass fibre reinforced composites due to the excellent hybrid performance of the hybrid interface.

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Numerical Investigation on Reducing Fluid Forces Acting on a Square Prism in a LaminarFlow Regime Using a Control Plate[ ]


This paper investigates the passive control of fluid forces acting on a square prism in a laminar flow regime. The passive control employed in this study is a flat plate placed in the upstream of the prism. 2D unsteady numerical simulation is done using FVM employing pressure based solver and PISO scheme in CFD fluent. A computational domain and grid independence study has been carried out to obtain a grid resolution prior to simulation to ensure that there are no discrepancies in the results obtained. The flow Reynolds number based on the square prism side length (D) and inlet flow is chosen as 150.The length of the control plate is chosen as D and the distance between control plate and prism (S) is chosen within the range of 1D-5D. In this range of S, the different flow patterns and magnitude of reduction of fluid forces are studied and optimal value of S is found out. The results show that the optimal position of control plate is at a distance of 2D away from the prism, where almost maximum reduction of fluid forces occurs.

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Structural analysis of TIG generated chromoly welds[ ]


This work presents the results of investigation on the material characterization of a TIG-welded A-4130 Chromoly steel. A single V-groove butt joint weld was laid using ER70S-2 as the filler metal and Ar as the shielding gas. The tension test on the resultant weld was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine and its microhardness was measured using a Rockwell Microhardness Tester. Further, the weld microstructure was investigated using an optical microscope. All results were compared with that of a mild steel weld laid under similar conditions. The results of the investigation showed that under similar conditions, the chromoly welds exhibited superior properties compared with the mild steel welds.

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Performance Improvement of a Household Refrigerator by Use of a Phase Change Material[ ]


This work aims to improve the performance of a household refrigerator by increasing its compressor cutoff time and thereby minimizing the electrical energy used. A PCM is introduced inside the evaporator of the refrigerator inorder to attain this aimThe PCM used in this experimental study is water and different quantities of water are tried along with different encapsulations inorder to findout the maximum performance characteristics.

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Reduction of Combustion Chamber Heating by Swirl Shield flow in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine[ ]


Ina swirl shield combustion rocket engine theoxidizer is injected tangentially into cylindrical chamber which is closed at one end and which has a converging outlet at the other end. The flow is introduced into the interior of the chamber near the outlet end of the chamber and in a direction which is tangent to the inner wall of the chamber. This tangential injection causes the flow in the chamber to swirl and follow a spiral path up the inner wall of the chamber and carry away the generating heat due to combustion.

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Innovative Design and Development of Transmission System for an Off-road Vehicle[ ]


A transmission is a machine that consists of a power source and a power transmission system, which provides controlled application of the power. Often the term transmission refers simply to the gearbox that uses gears and gear trains to provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device. Often, a transmission has multiple gear ratios with the ability to switch between them as speed varies. This switching may be done manually or automatically. Here we are converting a four speed manual gearbox into single speed constant mesh gearbox. This transmission is designed for an All-Terrain Vehicle, which is to be used in Baja student competition. An All-Terrain Vehicle is a single seat, open cockpit, open wheel off road vehicle with an engine positioned behind the driver. The All-Terrain Vehicle, which we have designed for the Baja student competition is as per the regulations of the championship. The manual gearbox being used here is a Mahindra Champion Alfa gearbox. The manual gearbox is coupled to a continuously variable transmission (CVT). A CVT is an automatic transmission that can change seamlessly through an infinite number of effective gear ratios between maximum and minimum values. This combination of manual gearbox and CVT is designed in such a way that it provides the required gear ratio and satisfies our requirement for an All-Terrain Vehicle

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Development and Cost Analysisof Bio-diesel from Karanja and Diary Scum[ ]


Biodiesel can also be used in blends with conventional diesel, while still achieving substantial reductions in emissions. Technically, bio-diesel is Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). It is formed by replacing the glycerol from each triglyceride molecule of veggie oil. Once the glycerol is removed from the oil, the remaining molecules are similar to petroleum diesel fuel. The biodiesel molecules very simple hydrocarbon chains, containing no sulfur, ring molecules, nor aromatics associated with fossil fuels. Biodiesel is made up of almost 10% oxygen, making it a naturally "oxygenated" fuel. Bio-Diesel is a name of a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources. Bio-Diesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with conventional diesel to create a bio-diesel blend. It can be used in compression ignition diesel engine with little or no modifications. In the past several decades, it has been found that biodiesel (esters derived from Vegetable oils) is a very promising one. The most common blend is a mix of 20% biodiesel. And 80% petroleum diesel, called “B20”. Here we explain the process involed in the production of bio-diesel.Bio-diesel can be produce cost effectively from karanja oil and diary scum.

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Design and Development of Domestic Centrifugal Pump Impeller as per BIS Norms[ ]


In this project, design of the impeller was carried out in order to improve the performance of a centrifugal pump. Design parameters from vane plane development for impeller design were selected and effect of the design parameters on the performance of the pump was analyzed using ANSYS package.Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the present day technique for fluid flow analysis. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE ) are made it possible without the actual manufacture of the impeller, a 3D model can be generated using commercial 3D CAD software’s like CATIA, SolidWorks, etc. and models can be simulated for flow visualization using CFD. It is closer to experimentation than to theoretical fluid dynamics.Numerical simulation is done on the design specification of centrifugal pump of discharge 5 liters/s capacity, 20 m head carried out using FLUENT. Modeling of impeller is done with SolidWorkssoftware and Finite element analysis is done on impeller with ANSYS software for investigation of stresses. And flow analysis is performed by using CFD. The three-dimensional flow field of the whole flow passage of a mixed-flow pump is numerically simulated by using CFD software on the basis of turbulent model according to the original design of the pump.Analyzing the calculation results, a new pump impeller is optimally designed. The numerically simulation results show that the hydraulic performance of the impeller of the mixed-flow pump are improved, and the engineering requirements of the are satisfied.

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Plastic Waste to Fuel: A Sustainable method for Waste Management[ ]


The synthesis of petroleum based fuel from plastic waste by carrying out pyrolysis under catalystic action is been presented. Pyrolysis involve breaking down of polymeric chain in presence of proper catalyst and in absence of oxygen. The waste plastic select are mainly LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene). The work involve production of oil samples from plastic with the help of different catalyst. The catalyst reduces the reaction time and increase the output oil. The catalyst used are Alumina silica and Barium CarbonateUnder thermal degradation the plastic melts and form vapor which when condensed give liquid hydrocarbon product.The other by product is the residuals which is carbon black wich can be used for making bricks or in tarring. The parametric study of the synthesized oil sample was conducted. Based on the study the catalyst for the reaction was selected. The proportion of polymer to catalyst ratio in the pyrolysis is 10:1.The temperature maintained about a range of 300- 450 o C.

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Analysis of mechanical behavior of 3D printed ABS parts by experiments[ ]


The research work presents analysis of Mechanical behaviour of 3D printed ABS parts.3D printing technology- an additive manufacturing process is a method of making Three Dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The emerge of 3D printing technology is challenging many products that have been traditionally made. In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created. In this work, the mechanical properties and behaviour of a 3D Printed object is to be studied by varying parameters such as layer thickness, orientation etc. Various tests such as tensile test, compression test, flexural test and impact test to determine failure characteristics of such materials will be conducted. Based on experimental results, stress–strain relationship and failure criterion can be proposed. Then the strength and mechanical properties of a 3D printed specimen is compared with the product made out of conventional manufacturing method i.e.; through Automated Injection Moulding process. Test results and microscopic observations confirmed that 3D Printed products have anisotropic structure and have advantages over conventional manufacturing processes.

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Impeller Thrust Stabilizer For Waterborne Craft Using MEMS and Embedded Controllers[ ]


Aconventional waterborne craft generally rolls because its hull is doing what it is supposed to do – stay always in level with water underneath it. Conventional fin stabilizers jut from the bottom of a watercraft’s hull port and are utilized for stabilizing the waterborne craft at the time of roll .The setup is hydraulically actuated and the power is taken from the engine of the craft. The proposed system is an improvised model for propelling and stabilizing waterborne craft with a rotary Impeller which is downwardly projected and is having atransverse thrust which inturn is controlled using feedback sensors and an embedded system.

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Corrosion Behaviourof Sol-Gel Derived Nano-Alumina Film[ ]


In this paper, the effect of nano-alumina coating on the corrosion behavior of IS 2062 low carbon steel was investigated. The coating was achieved by sol-gel dip coating method. The coated specimens were subjected to Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) technique and the corrosion resistance was measured in terms of the corrosion time. The experiments were designed using the Taguchi methodology of Design of Experiments (DoE). Results revealed 80% increase in the corrosion time for the coated specimen compared to the uncoated one. Statistical analysis revealed that dipping time was the most influential in increasing the corrosion time followed by sintering temperature and molar concentration.

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A QUADCOPTER USING CATIA[ ]


In this paper or work was to study the static and dynamic parameter of the structure of quadcopter by determining and analyzing the dynamics of the quadcopter.. Though, there are many parameters which affect the performance of the quadcopter, the scope of this paper work is limited to optimization, determination, design and analysis of framework and to integrate them into whole systems for best results.

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A Comparative Study on Various Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques[ ]


In this paper a brief review on the various boiling heat transfer enhancement techniques is presented. A comparison of all techniques was made based on their application in the industrial level application and the methodology adopted. Boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux were identified as the parameters that have to be analyzed in each technique. The experimental results obtained in various techniques were analyzed and summarized.

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM FOR AN ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE[ ]


In this paper our work was to study the static and dynamic parameter of the suspension system of an ATV by determining and analyzing the dynamics of the vehicle when driving on an off road racetrack. Though, there are many parameters which affect the performance of the ATV, the scope of this paper work is limited to optimization, determination, design and analysis of suspension systems and to integrate them into whole vehicle systems for best results.

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Design and Fabrication of a Halotherapic Generating Unit for Curing Pulmonary Diseases[ ]


This paper include the description of a treatment for respiratory problems called as halotherapy. Halotherapy is recognized as a better solution for many of the respiratory illness such as asthma, COPD, smoker’s cough etc. The design consist of preparation of smaller particles of dry sodium chloride. The dry sodium chloride is being grinded to size of 1-5 micron and is effectively distributed in a room condition of 18- 24? and the concentration to be maintained is about 1- 16 mg/m^3

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