NCAMREC 2018- National Conference on Alternative Methods To Resole Energy Crisis

"NCAMREC 2018- National Conference on Alternative Methods To Resole Energy Crisis "

Pages   [1]
 

Extraction and Performance Analysis of Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Bio Diesel On Single Cylinder CI Engine[ ]


In the present study attention is being focused on comparison of performance of bio-diesel derived from Calophylluminophyllumoil when applied in different proportions in compression ignition engine. A single cylinder four stroke diesel engine was tested at various loads with the blended fuel at the rated speed of 1500 rpm. Calophylluminophyllumoil bio-diesel blended with diesel in proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%and 100% by volume and pure diesel were used as fuel. Engine performance (specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and exhaust gas temperature) were measured to evaluate and compute the behavior of the diesel engine running on bio-diesel. The results show that the brake thermal efficiency of diesel is higher at all loads followed by blends ofCalophylluminophyllum bio-diesel and diesel. Experimentally the maximum brake thermal efficiency and minimum specific fuel consumption were found for blends up to 20%Calophylluminophyllum methyl ester at all loads among the blends. The reductions in brake specific fuel consumption and increase in brake thermal efficiency made the blend of bio-diesel B20 a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engine.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analysis of Performance Characteristics of Various Alternate Fuels (Bio- Diesel) and its Blends in a 4 Stroke Diesel Engine[ ]


Bio Diesel is a renewable fuel derived from biological sources such as waste cooking oils, animal fat, virgin oils, etc. Bio diesel is a replacement fuel for conventional diesel with the advantages of reducing exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. This paper discuss about the production of Bio Diesel from waste cooking coconut oil and waste cooking palm oil. Single step Transesterification process is followed for producing the Bio Diesel from both the oils.Two set of samples with Molar ratios 7:1 and 8:1 are prepared from both coconut oil and palm oil at 45oC reaction temperature and 2 hours reaction time in the presence of KOH catalyst. Various blends (BD25, BD20, BD15, and BD10) are prepared and the comparison of different properties of the blends is discussed in this paper. Load test on a single cylinder diesel engine is carried out and a comparison of the performance of engine with the various blends is also studied in this work. A study on emission characteristics of the different blends to the conventional diesel is also carried out.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optimization of Biodiesel Blends using Multi-Functional Criteria Technique (MFCT)[ ]


The depletion of conventional fossil fuel source, increased emissions of combustion-generated pollutants and their increasing costs has given rise to development of alternate sources of energy as substitute for traditional fossil fuels. In this view biodiesel has gained lots of importance as an alternative fuel for the diesel engines. In this work waste cooking oil(WCO) is selected as a feedstock for the production of biodiesel. The WCO is tested for its Physio-Chemical properties and after pretreatment of the WCO it is converted into biodiesel by the process called transesterification using methanol(30%), NaOH(6gm/Litre), reaction time of 90 mins and at working temperature of 65°C.. The produced bio-diesel is mixed with diesel in various proportion and blends are prepared namely B20(20% biodiesel, 80% diesel), B40, B60, B80 and B100. MFCT method is used to find the best blend and out of various blends B20 was found to be optimum. From the emisson results it is observed as CO, CO2, and hydrocarbon emissions are decreased by great extent as compared with diesel emissions.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance Characteristics of Biodiesel using Waste Cooking Oil[ ]


The use of waste cooking oil (WCO) from extended household and restaurants was considered as a suitable feedstock for bio-diesel production. It also focuses to showcase the qualities of bio-diesel produced from WCO compared to diesel fuel. The oil that was supposed to be disposed, at times indiscriminately was de-odoured and purified using appropriate solvents. The purified oil was characterized and used for bio-diesel production. The physical and fuel properties such as density, viscosity, cloud point, pour point, cetane number etc, were determined according to ASTM standards. The properties obtained were not only comparable with that of others but also within standard limits. The emission such as CO, HC, NOx, O2 of bio-diesel and BP, BSEC, BTE are compared with the diesel fuel.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fabrication of Solar and Dynamo Power Driven Bicycle[ ]


In present scenario a solar and dynamo power driven hybrid bicycle will help to solve the major problems of fuel prices, especially the petrol is rising steadily day by day. Again, the pollution due to vehicles in metro cities and urban areas is increasing continuously. To overcome these problems, an effort is being made to research some other alternative sources of energy to drive the Bicycle. Again, it is also not affordable to purchase vehicles (mopeds, scooters or motorcycles) for all the class of society. Keeping this in mind, a search for some way to cater these economically poor people as well as to provide a solution for the environmental pollution was in progress. The solar and dynamo assisted hybrid bicycle is driven by direct current motor fitted in the front axle housing and run on electrical energy. The solar panels mounted on the carriage will charge the battery and which in turn drive the hub motor. When the bicycle is idle or stationary in parking, the solar panel will charge the battery and a pair of 48-volt dynamo is fixed on the rear wheel of the bicycle will charge the battery when the bicycle is running on the road. This arrangement will replace the petrol engine, the gear box and the fuel tank in case of a two-wheeler or a gear shifting arrangement of a bicycle.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transition Towards 100% Renewable Energy Wind Energy As Big Bet[ ]


India aspires to achieve a 175GW of renewable energy capacity by the year 2022, the break -up target for wind energy set is 60GW. The present wind power installed capacity in the country is over 32.7 GW and wind energy constitutes around 55% of the total renewable capacity in the country. India started harnessing of the wind power prior to 1990, thus there is an obvious scope to augment the existing smaller capacity turbines to higher capacity by repowering in the years ahead. India is beginning to explore offshore wind energy as a strategic resource to enable long term energy security. The offshore wind power potential has been estimated as 15GW. This paper through an extensive review of existing literature attempts to summarize the growth, current scenario of wind energy sources, presents an overview of major market players. Government's efficient policy ecosystem and effective participation of private sector will lead India towards sustainable energy security.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective Utilization of Heat Generated Using Solar Parabolic Disc Concentrators for Domestic Purposes [ ]


This work deals with the use of Bi- axial Manual Tracking Solar Parabolic Disc Concentrator (SPDC) to generate hot air and use it for residential and industrial applications such as domestic water heating, heating of swimming pools, space heating, water processes for industrial heating and agricultural drying etc. Bi- axial manual Tracking Solar Parabolic Disc Concentrator is fabricated and experiments were conducted by using the above setup. Results were tabulated and analysed. During analysis it is observed that a maximum temperature range of 160o - 180o C is obtained between 12.00-2.30pm. The temperature obtained above is sufficient enough especially for domestic applications mentioned above. This way, this setup can reduce the dependency on electricity for domestic purposes.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effect of Variation of Loads on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Blends of Lard Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel on CI Engine[ ]


In the present study, Lard oil methyl ester (LOME) has been extracted from pig fats by base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst. The effect of LOME addition to pure diesel on the performance and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine has been experimentally investigated by varying the load at a constant Compression Ratio. The experimental test results showed that the addition of LOME to diesel decreased the brake thermal efficiency of the engine by 3% and increased the specific fuel consumption by 3% compared to pure diesel. But for B20 blend, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emission are decreased by 20%, 4%, 14%, and 3% respectively as compared to pure diesel at full load of the engine.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Improving Fuel Efficiency Through Hydrolysis For Two Wheeler[ ]


Faced With the ever-increasing cost of gasoline, automakers worldwide are working overtime to cost-effectively improve vehicle fuel economy while still meeting today's strict emissions requirements. One promising way to boost fuel economy is to add hydrogen to the fuel/air mixture in a conventional gasoline engine. It's called a hydrogen-boosted gas engine. However, since hydrogen isn't readily available at your local filling station, selling a hydrogen-boosted gas engine hasn't been on any automakers' short list. Until now, that is. In this project, we have worked on a new technology that utilizes a fast-response onboard reformer to generate a small amount of hydrogen from gasoline. This hydrogen is added to the engine's normal air/fuel mixture. Engines designed to run on a mix of hydrogen] gasoline can see a fuel-economy gain of 20 to 30 percent with no requirement for control of harmful NOx emissions (oxides of nitrogen). With ever-increasing rise in inflation, fuel costs and taxation, we endeavour to design and friendly and highly efficient.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Studies on Performance of Honge Biodiesel Fuelled CI Engine by Varying Injection Pressure and Number of Injector Holes[ ]


Considering the fast depletion of fossil fuels and environmental threat, a number of renewable sources of energy have been studied worldwide. An attempt is made to assess the suitability of vegetable oil for diesel engine operation, with small modifications in engine by varying the injection pressure and nozzle. Injector opening pressure has an effect on the spray formation , increase in the injection pressure leads to better atomization in turn better and complete combustion. The number of holes of the fuel injector nozzle plays a vital role controlling diesel spray atomization and combustion. increase in the number of holes ,the exposure of fuel and air increases which leads to better fuel atomization, faster evaporation and better mixing. Increasing the injection pressure (180,200 and 220 bar ) and increasing the number of injector nozzle holes improves the performance of CI diesel engine fuelled with Honge biodiesel in terms of increased Brake thermal efficiency(BTE). From the analysis we got the better efficiency at B20 4 hole, 220 bars injection pressure.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance Studies of LHR Engine using 20% Biodiesel Blend by Varying Engine Parameters[ ]


Experiments are conducted on single cylinder water cooled diesel engine using diesel and 20% blend of dairy scum oil bio-diesel (B20) to study the performance characteristics. Even after transesterification viscosity of bio-diesel is higher than diesel. In order to make bio-diesel blend to burn efficiently, in-cylinder temperatures are in- creased by creating adiabatic / semi adiabatic conditions within the engine cylinder. The piston crown of conventional engine is coated with 300 microns of PSZ without altering compression ratio. Experiments are conducted on semi adiabatic engine using B20 at rated injection pressure and timing and results are compared with conventional engine. Effects of injection timing (21oretard, 23orated and 25oadvanced before top dead centre) and injection pressures(180bar, 200bar-ratedand220bar)insemiadiabaticengine using B20 are also analyzed. Results are compared based on Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) and emissions (CO, UBHC, NOX, and smoke opacity). Combustion studies are also carried out by observing variation of cylinder pressure and heat release rate with crank angle degrees.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Strength Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Steel Slag[ ]


The development of sustainable and environment friendly construction materials has gained major attention recently because of depletion of natural resources. Attempts were made to develop materials that can partially or fully eliminate the use of cement in concrete due to the high emissions of greenhouse gases during their production. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of steel slag by partially replacing coarse aggregate in fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Steel slag is a by-product from steel industry. The mechanical and flexural properties were tested with steel slag in proportions of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% in geopolymer concrete after 3, 7 and 28 days of curing. A total of 45 specimens were cast and compressive strength, split tensile strength and modulus of rupture were tested. It was observed that, the optimum amount of steel slag thatcan be used in geopolymer concrete as coarse aggregate is 30%. The results showed that the geopolymer concrete with steel slag as coarse aggregate offered higher strength in compression andflexure, when compared with the geopolymer concrete without adding steel slag.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acetylene Powered Steam Turbine[ ]


Humans have proved themselves of being a superior species and stands on top of food chain. But this position was attained on the cost of ever depleting natural resources and flooding the environment with pollution. Herewith the pollution has affected the land masses as well as water bodies. About 75% of earth is filled with water and only 0.08% of water is available for domestic purpose. Now to recycle this water and treat those, Sewage/effluent treatment plants were introduced. But there is setback to this system i.e. consumers have known the after-form (i.e. mixture of toxin, organic inorganic wastes mixed with water) of the water they have used and refuses to use such water (after treatment) for drinking purposes. Now the question was asked, where this water can be used and the answer given was to restore the ground water saturation level. Engineer's task is to identify the problem and think of the solution. The problem identified in this system was the deficient use of the treated water. The paper here deals with using this purified/treated water as primary fuel and make power/energy out of it. The paper suggests that using the treated water for reaction with calcium carbide which releases the acetylene gas i.e. highly combustible when ignited. The combustion energy of acetylene can be used to produce steam which can used to turn the steam turbine. A proper system/flowchart is shown in the paper. Thus, generating electricity. There is a by-product from water and calcium carbide reaction i.e. calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime) can be used back again in STP for treating sludge. Hence making the system a closed loop and increasing the overall efficiency of the system.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E-Waste Magnetic Salvage[ ]


Electronics recycling can be challenging because discarded electronic products are complex devices manufactured from varying proportions of metals, non-metals, and plastics. These materials then need to be processed and separated in to clean commodity streams that can be used make new products. Resourceful production team, systematic and secured processing allows recycling solution to provide people with closed-loop recycling services, this enable us to ensure environmentally responsible processing of our retired electronics while minimizing the risks involved with handling sensitive digital data.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enthalpy Wheel and its Application in Air Conditioning[ ]


This paper presents about the enthalpy wheel and its application in air conditioning. Enthalpy wheels have two major applications-air dehumidification and enthalpy recovery. Control of relative humidity is an essential aspect of maintaining indoor air quality in an air-conditioned space. The enthalpy wheel dehumidifies and heats the supply air. The regeneration of desiccant is accomplished by the return air, which gets cooled and humidified. Since the operating conditions are different, heat and mass transfer behaviors in the wheels are quite different.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Role of Renewable Energy in Agriculture[ ]


Energy is one of the major parameters for establishing growth and progress of the country, rather the standard of living depends directly upon the per capita energy consumption. Most of energy on the earth is received from the sun. Solar energy creates circulation of wind and ocean water, causes water evaporation and consequent precipitation. Plants use solar energy for photosynthesis and store carbohydrates, protein, fats, oils, alcohols, cellulose and lignin.. In agricultural systems, energy is available from different sources as human, animal, sun, wind, biomass, coal, fertilizer, seed, agro-chemicals, petroleum products, electricity etc. Energy sources that release available energy directly to the system are classified as direct energy sources. Renewable energy and farming are a winning combination. Wind, solar, and biomass energy can be harvested forever, providing farmers with a long-term source of income. This paper is an overview of renewable energy uses for farmers and ranchers on how they can help make renewable a growing source of energy and rural income in India.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop Inside Horizontal Mini Channels[ ]


This study examines the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of annular condensation in triangular mini-channel with two-sided cooling walls. The present paper is to determine the condensation heat transfer coefficient in single channel. The test were conducted for two mass flow rates of 3×10-4Kg/s and 4×10-4Kg/s and four vapour qualities of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 in horizontal triangular channel having 1.5mm hydraulic diameter. The experiments were conducted using steam as a working fluid and water as a coolant. In addition to this, project aims to investigate the factors affecting condensation heat transfer. The conclusion of the test will be with increase in the vapour quality and mass flux there is an increase in the heat transfer coefficient

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mechanical Properties of Recycled Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement with Saw Dust Ash[ ]


Saw dust ash is found to be a suitable material to replace cement in concrete as it has got high pozzolanic activity. But as the replacement percentage increases, the strength of concrete is found to be decreasing. The aim of this study is to enhance the strength of concrete in which cement is partially replaced with saw dust ash by reinforcing it with recycled steel fibres which is obtained from scrap tyres. Concrete reinforced with recycled steel fibres has got very good mechanical properties and the behaviour of such fibres in concrete is found to be almost similar to that of commercial fibres. In this study,cement is replaced with saw dust ash at three different percentages and each is reinforced with steel fibre by 1%, 2% and 3% volume of concrete. Compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength was tested. From the test results, an optimum percentage at which the strength of concrete is maximum is found out.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Scrap Tyre Fibre Reinforced Concrete[ ]


Fibre reinforced concrete is a composite obtained by adding a single type or a blend of fibres to the conventional concrete mix. Fibres can be in the form of glass fibres, steel fibres, natural fibres, synthetic fibres etc. Synthetic fibres are manmade fibres which possess long term durability. In this present study, synthetic fibres obtained as waste material during recycling of used tyres are used in concrete. Most commonly used form of scrap tyre derived products in civil engineering are crumb rubber, rubber powder, rubber fibres and steel wires. Civil Engineering applications of waste tyres include erosion control as barrier reefs, tyre shreds used in landfill and road construction, highway crash barriers, septic tank leach fields and others, tyre derived Aggregate (TDA) and rubberized Hot Mix Asphalt (RHMA). Tyre properties present additional benefits in their applications such as vibration and sound control, lightweight property for prevention of erosion and landsliding and drainage in leachate system. The main objective of the study was to find the mechanical characteristics of concrete such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength by varying the percentage of scrap tyre fibre content in concrete. The scope includes to investigate the effect of scrap tyre fibre (STF) on the strength characteristics of concrete also to find an alternative to the commercial synthetic fibre. The results showed improvement in concrete property.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Theoretical And Experimental Analysis of Fabricated U-Tube With Two Shell Heater[ ]


Heat transfers in small channels is receiving increased attentions due to a very high transfer rates possible with such geometries. Number of studies has attempted to understand the physics behind the heat exchange process. The project attempts to make use of the heat energy which is formed first to heat the water in the shell. So we can reuse the heat energy and by this we can reduce the power required to heat the system. More heat can be generated my less power supply.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electricity Generated By Acetylene Using Waste Water Purifier System[ ]


This paper leads to the idea of using the waste water and utilize the water efficiently and effectively so that the water is reacted with chemicals to produce acetylene. Hence this acetylene is used in the internal combustion engine and electricity is produced such that it reduces the demand of the petroleum products that is going to be extinct in near future. It includes about the emissions of harmful gases that can be reduced by the use of acetylene instead of petroleum products. Various fuels have been tested on IC engines for their suitability as alternate fuels. Except few alcohols, CNG and LPG, not many fuels have been found to be matched with IC Engines requirements .Thus this project is an attempt for the use of an alternative resource such that it can prove to be useful for the peoples in near future. Hence to produce the acetylene the waste water is utilized and hence producing less pollutants and better waste water management and air pollution control solutions for greener future.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distillation for Liquor Using Electrical Induction Heating[ ]


Distillation for liquor out of fermente cashew juice is one of the traditional method in Goa giving it a GI status. The traditional method uses old equipment and thus needs improvement for increase in production rate and quantity. Using induction heating we can improve the method as this mode of heating is comparatively more effiecient then other methods of heating. A prototype hybrid distillation unit was designed to improve the method and a comparative study was done with traditional method.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance Analysis of A Neat Jatropha Biodiesel Fuelled Turbocharged CRDI Diesel Engine[ ]


As civilization is growing, transport becomes essential part of life. The biggest problem is the growing population & depletion of fossil fuel. About 100 years ago, the major source of energy shifted from recent solar to fossil fuels. This necessitates the search for alternative oil as energy source. The present research is aimed at exploring technical feasibility of jatropha oil in CRDI diesel engine without any substantial hardware modifications. In this work the methyl ester of jatropha oil was investigated for its performance as a diesel engine fuel. Fuel properties like kinematic viscosity, flash point, density, calorific value and copper corrosion value of mineral diesel, jatropha biodiesel with different blends and jatropha oil were evaluated. Based on engine performance tests, it can be found that biodiesel blends can be used satisfactorily in the diesel engine without any major modifications in the hardware of the system. Brake thermal efficiency of an engine was found a little bit lower for biodiesel blends when compared with brake thermal efficiency for diesel.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fabrication of Agricultural Waste Shredder Machine[ ]


The scope of this project was to design and development of shredder machine. Focus on chopping of coconut leaves, areca leaves, this chopped powder to prepare the vermin compost. The project began with collection of information and data on user life style and current process by which they perform their job. Concepts was developed with reference of four different shredder machine and operating processes. Concept was developed considering the safety factor users operating environment and maintenance. Considering the user's needs and buying capacity. A prototype was fabricated the machine consists of single phase motor, bearings structural frame cutter, and shaft. the power from electrical motor is transmitted to cutter stat through a belt drive .Cut is made inside the chopping house due to effect of tensile ,friction, and impact effect in chopping process. The coconut leaves get chopped and powder is collected at the bottom. The conventional agro waste disposal is traditional and oldest method of waste disposal in which agricultural wastes are dumped as it is degrade in a particular place for decomposing. As the waste are dumped as such, it takes more time to degrade and it causes environmental pollution. The waste shredder machine aims to reduce the agro waste and convert it into useful nourishing fertilizers. It decrease the man work making the farm neat and clean. Also it reduces the heap amount of pollution, disease causing agro waste and produces better fertilizer with vermin compost.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Efficient Energy Utilization And Conservation Using Battery Management System[ ]


In the face of energy crisis, it is imperative to manage the utilization of energy efficiently. The smallest units of energy sources are batteries used pervasively in all electronic devices. Battery Management Systems (BMS) are the control systems which monitor and manage the utilization of the battery pack. This paper reviews the control parameters, building blocks, topologies and progressive applications of the BMS.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance Study On Two Stroke Spark Ignition Engine Using Petrol Blended With Ethanol[ ]


In this work, various percentages of blends were tested in a typical two -stroke engine for various operating conditions to study the performance of the engine. The study conducted at 4, 8,12,16,20,24,28,32 at rated speed of the engine. As the load increases, brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency and volumetric efficiency increases for all blends of ethanol. As the load increases, SFC decreases for all blends of ethanol. Brake thermal efficiency increases for the selected blends, as compared to petrol. SFC decreases for selected blends, as compared to petrol. It is observed that at the rated load condition, mechanical efficiency is maximum and brake thermal efficiency is maximum an SFC is minimum at around 24% blend . Hence study reveal that the blend has scope. The crude oil demand of the country is met by importing 80 % oil from gulf countries.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy Effient Vertical Handoff Model forWireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) in Ubiquitous Healthcare System[ ]


Present day's network technologies play a very important role in Ubiquitous healthcare Systems (UHS). Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have become an emerging technology in healthcare, where patients are equipped with wearable and implantable body sensor nodes to gather sensory information for remote monitoring. These networks sensor nodes life highly depend on the battery of the coordinating sensory nodes. The increasing development of coordinator devices on patient enables the internetworking of WBANs in heterogeneous wireless networks to deliver physiological information that is collected at remote terminals in a timely fashion. As the monitoring is continuous, the quantity of the event driven activities enormously increases the more energy consumption in the nodes. Hence, we propose an energy efficient network model based on Modified Content-Centric Networking (MCCN) processing module which eliminates all unnecessary events driven and handoff activities during network selection. The simulation results proved that our proposed approach outperforms the Received Signal Strength Vertical Handoff (RSS-VHD), Fuzzy Logic (FL) based and Game Theory (GT) based in terms of the number of handovers, enhancing Quality of Service (QoS), Throughput, and energy consumption.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydrogen Powered Petrol Engine[ ]


In this paper we have studied the basic properties of gas generated through electrolysis of water and then used this gas in the a bike as a fuel with gasoline by mixing it with air. This results the increased mileage of bike 5 to 10% and reduce the polluting contents from the exhaust gases. Taking a prominent place in these strategic plans is hydrogen as a future energy carrier. Energy stored in hydrogen would be available at any time and at any place on Earth, regardless of when or where the solar irradiance, the hydropower, or other renewable sources such as biomass, ocean energy or wind energy was converted.. Hydrogen gas combined with the standard air/fuel mixture increases the mileage. This form of alternative fuel is provided by a hydrogen generator mounted in the vehicle. Once set up is ready, the hydrogen gas (fuel) will be produced from water, an electrolyte process, and electricity supplied from a battery provided. Here we are designing a mixed fuel two wheeler engine that is in a conventional SI engine we are incorporating traces of hydrogen along with gasoline in order to minimum consumption of gasoline as well as to increase the power of vehicle. Here in addition, a hydrogen generating unit is made to produce hydrogen. It is actually an electrolysis unit having high grade stainless steel/graphite/semiconductors as electrodes in a closed container and mixture of water & suitable ionic solution(Sodium Bicarbonate) as electrolyte. Power for electrolysis is taken from an additional battery provided (12V). This battery can be recharged from a dynamo/alternator/motor provided on the vehicle.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Experimental Studies on Turning of AISI 316L Using Modified Neem Oil as Straight Cutting Oil[ ]


In this paper, experiments are conducted on turning AISI 316L material using minimum quantity lubrication technique under formulated Neem oil as cutting fluid. Cutting force, surface roughness and chip formation are studied for the evaluation. The results under the Neem oil are compared with the results turned under conventional mineral oil. The experimental results show that the cutting forces are dropped by 30 % under modified Neem oil compared to mineral oil. About 10 % drop in surface roughness values are noticed under Neem oil. Further, helical form chips are seen under vegetable oil mode of lubrication compared ribbon form under mineral oil based cutting fluid.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pages   [1]