IDEAS 2016 - Innovative Developments In Engineering & Advanced Science

IAME-2016 Conference Papers of EEE "

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A CASE STUDY ON PV STATCOM WITH DIFFERENT CON-TROLS FOR INCREASING GRID POWER TRANSMISSION LIM-ITS DURING NIGHT AND DAY[ ]


PV solar farms produce power during the day and are completely idle in the nights. This paper presents utilization of a PV solar plant as STATCOM in the night for load reactive power compensation and voltage regulation. This STATCOM functionality will also be available to a substantial degree during the daytime with the inverter capacity remaining after real power production. In the night, when the solar farm is completely idle, this new control technique makes the solar farm inverter behave like a STATCOM – a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device. The solar farm inverter then provides voltage regulation at the point of common coupling and improves the stability and transfer limits far beyond minimal incremental benefits. During the day also, when solar farm is producing real power, new control strategy makes the solar farm inverter provide voltage control with the remaining inverter capacity (after meeting the requirements of real power generation) and thereby increases power transfer limits substantially.The result verify the validity of pv solar farm as statcom

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A Comparison on an Efficient PV-Wind Integration For Standalone And Grid Connected System[ ]


Solar photovoltaic (PV)-Wind hybrid system has emerged as an important one because of the complimentary nature of PV and wind. Various PV-wind integration system has been proposed. Here the PV-wind integration, which takes into account the efficiency, cost, etc., for standalone off-grid system and grid connected system is compared. For the stand-alone off grid system, an efficient wind–photovoltaic hybrid generation system using doubly excited permanent-magnet (PM) brushless machine is proposed. Maximum power from the wind turbine can be extracted using flux control of the wind generator and duty cycle control of the singleended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) is performed so as to harness the maximum power from the PV panels. For the grid connected system, a cost-effective, efficient, and compact integration of the solar PV and doubly fed induction generator (PV-DFIG)-based wind turbine system is proposed. Here, the grid- and rotor-side power converters associated with DFIG are used to inject PV generated power into the grid and there is no dedicated power converter for PV source. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the PV installation is realized in conjunction with the dc bus voltage control to extract optimum power from the PV source. The wind turbine system is controlled with the maximum power extraction algorithm in conjunction with pitch control to avoid overloading in case of high wind velocity.

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A Case Study On Voltage Control Strategy Of Standalone Microgrids[ ]


Rapidly increasing energy demand from the industrial and commercial sector, steadily reducing energy sources and at the same time increased concerns about environmental changes, have caused fast development of Distributed Power Generation Systems based on renewable energy. A recent concept is to group Distributed Power Generation Systems and the associated loads to a common local area forming a small power system called a microgrid. High penetration of renewable generation system which cause large voltage deviation in the system due to unpredictable output power fluctuations. This paper proposes a voltage control of microgrids. The aim of this control strategy is to maintain the system voltages at critical buses within safe operating limits. For stable voltage control, the Q/P droop control is added to the reactive power controller of the renewable generation systems. With this control, the voltage fluctuation induced by the output active power fluctuation is effectively prevented as if there is a voltage-damping effect in the renewable generation. This paper is the case study on voltage control strategy of standalone microgrids

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A Casestudy On Direct MPPT Algorithm For PV Sources[ ]


PV Module Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is a photovoltaic system that uses the photovoltaic array as a source of electrical power supply. Every photovoltaic (PV) array has an optimum operating point, called the maximum power point, which varies depending on cell temperature, the insulation level and array voltage. The function of MPPT is needed to operate the PV array at its maximum power point. In the recent decades, photovoltaic power generation has become more important due its many benefits such as needs a few maintenance and environmental advantages and fuel free. However, there are two major barriers for the use of PV systems, low energy conversion efficiency and high initial cost. To improve the energy efficiency, it is important to work PV system always at its maximum power point. important role in photovoltaic (PV) power systems because they maximize the power output from a PV system for a given set of conditions, and therefore maximize the array efficiency. Thus, an MPPT can minimize the overall system cost. MPPTs find and maintain operation at the maximum power point, using an MPPT algorithm. Many such algorithms have been proposed. The mostly used MPPT are P&O and Incremental Conductance Method and Constant voltage and current, Pilot cell etc. This paper proposes a comparison on P&O method, incremental conductance method and direct voltage measurement

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A Casestudy on underfrequency load shedding scheme for hybrid systems[ ]


Frequency is the most relevant module for the efficient working of electrical power system, therefore if any deviation from its rated value will collapse the entire system. So to protect the entire system from the serious condition under frequency load shedding schemes are used. The purpose of such scheme is to maintain the frequency within permissible limits during severe power deficit. Also, in case of hybrid systems connecting or disconnecting power generating source or loads may alter system parameters. These factors may affect the performance of load shedding scheme and reduces the consistency of the system. This paper describes the case study on underfrequency load shedding scheme (UFLS) and the optimal UFLS scheme for hybrid system is proposed.

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A Casestudy of Harmonics in Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Energy System[ ]


Wind energy technology has evolved rapidly over the last three decades with increasing rotor diameters and the use of sophisticated power electronics to allow operation at variable rotor speed. As the size of wind turbine has become larger, the technology has switched from fixed speed to variable speed. The drivers behind these developments are mainly the ability to comply with Grid Code connection requirements and reduction I mechanical loads achieved with variable speed operation. Currently the most variable-speed wind turbine configuration are doubly fed induction generator wind turbine (DFIG) and fully rated converter (FRC) wind turbine based on a synchronous or induction generator. Harmonic distortion is mainly associated with variable-speed wind turbines because these contain power electronic converters which are important source of high-frequency harmonic currents. It is increasingly of concern in large offshore wind farms where the very extensive cable networks can lead to harmonic resonances and high harmonic currents caused by existing harmonic voltages already present on the power system or by the wind turbine converters. This phase develops a framework for the analysis of harmonics in a doubly fed induction generator. Having the stator connected directly to the grid it the flux level in the machine is nearly constant. This means that changes in either the flux or torque producing current in the rotor circuit are limited by the transient time constant of the machine.

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Case Study on Power Quality Mitigation Using Unidi-rectional AC–DC Boost Converters and Three-Phase Active Filter[ ]


This paper introduces a case study on Power Quality Mitigation Using Unidirectional AC–DC Boost Converters and Three-Phase Active Filter. Since most power factor correction circuits available in the commercial market utilize unidirectional ac–dc boost converter topologies, this is an almost no-cost solution for compensating harmonic current and reactive power in residential applications. Harmonic current and reactive power compensation methods in the unidirectional ac–dc boost converter are investigated.In this paper compare control on unidirectional AC-DC Boost Converters with conventional three-phase shunt active filter to remove harmonics and reactive power compensation of the non-linear loads. A 3-phase voltage source inverter bridge with a dc bus capacitor is used there as an active filter (AF). A PWM current control is used to generate the gating signals to the AF. A three- phase diode rectifier with resistive loading is used as non-linear load.

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An Advanced MPPT Technique for Photovoltaic Systems[ ]


Maximum Power Point Tracking, frequently referred to as MPPT, is an electronic system that operates the Photovoltaic (PV) modules in a manner that allows the modules to produce all the power they are capable of. Under fast varying solar irradiation and load resistance, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is required to ensure the fast response of the PV system with minimum power loss.Our paper introduces a fast MPPT technique whose response is faster than conventional MPPT algorithms. The proposed algorithm is a modified version of conventional incremental conductance and is four times faster than the existing algorithm. Incremental conductance is one of the important techniques in this system and because of its higher steady-state accuracy and environmental adaptability it is widely implemented tracked control strategy. Consequently, the proposed algorithm has higher efficiency.

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Transformerless Grid Connection Technique[ ]


Now a days renewable energy sources are most commonly used energy source. When a renewable energy source is directly connected to a grid, but the renewable energy source output is varies with the input. The grid needs a constant transmission voltage and frequency. A high power high voltage step up DC-DC converter are required to deliver the produced electrical energy to HVDC grid, the step up DC-DC converter not only transmit electrical but also isolate or buff kinds of fault conditions.Converter companies introduced a boost converter but its efficiency is relatively low due to large reverse recovery loss of diode and switching loss under high voltage condition, also it has low voltage ratio and not giving soft switching, so we have to introduce a novel resonant converter to achieve the large voltage ratio, zero current and soft switching.

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Online monitoring and control system for Renewable Energy Sources based on Android Platform[ ]


This paper describes the development of an online monitoring and control system for distributed Renewable Energy Sources (RES) based on Android platform. This method utilizesthe Bluetooth interface of Android Tablet/ Mobile phone as a communication link for data exchange with digital hardware of Power Conditioning Unit (PCU). The Low Cost Android tablet can replace the graphical LCD displays and internet modem of RES Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) with enhanced graphical visualization and touch screen interface.

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Mitigation of Power Imbalance in Three Phase Power Systems Using Electrical Springs[ ]


Electric springs have been used previously in stabilizing mains voltage fluctuation in power grid fed by intermittent renewable energy sources. This paper describes a new three-phase electric spring circuit and its new operation in reducing power imbalance in the three-phase power system of a building. Based on government energy use data for tall buildings, the electric loads are classified as critical and noncritical loads so that building energy model can be developed. The proposed electric spring is connected in series with the noncritical loads to form a new generation of smart loads. A control scheme for such smart loads to reduce power imbalance within the building’s electric power system has been evaluated initially with an experimental prototype and then in a system simulation study. The results have confirmed the effectiveness of the new three-phase electric springs in reducing powerimbalance and voltage fluctuation, making the building loads adaptive to internal load changes and external mains voltage changes. MATLAB/SIMULINK platform is used for simulation. The application of the proposed method has been investigated for different load conditions and the results are presented.

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Integrated Automation system for Substation and Power Theft Control using PLC[ ]


The Integrated Embedded system is designed and developed for Automation of the substation for charging the line and clearing the line remotely, also controlling the supply of power for the feeder lines on timely basics and maintaining the power factor at the consumer side by creating the awareness of poor power quality by using power line communication method which uses the DSSS modulation technology.

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A Casestudy of Islanding Detection Methods for Distributed Generators[ ]


Nowadays, Distributed Generations (DGs) have taken a special role in power systems. Distributed genertions have received significant attention as a means to improve the performance of the electrical power system, provide low cost energy, and increase overall energy efficiency. The advancement in new technology like fuel cell, wind turbine, photo voltaic and new innovation in power electronics, customer demands for better power quality and reliability are forcing the power industry to shift for distributed generations. Hence distributed generation (DG) has recently gained a lot of momentum in the power industry due to market deregulations and environmental concerns. . A problem with such generators is the unwanted islanding phenomenon. Islanding occurs when a portion of the distribution system becomes electrically isolated from the remainder of the power system yet continues to be energized by distributed generators. An important requirement to interconnect a DG to power distributed system is the capability of the DG to detect islanding detection. Failure to trip islanded generators can lead to a number of problems to the generators and the connected loads. The current industry practice is to disconnect all distributed generators immediately after the occurrence of islands. Typically, a distributed generator should be disconnected within 100 to 300 ms after loss of main supply. To achieve such a goal, each distributed generator must be equipped with an islanding detection device, which is also called anti islanding devices like vector surge relay and ROCOF relay. Islanding detection important and challenging issue to power engineers. Islanding detection is a necessary function for grid connected distributed generators. Islanding methods can be classified into two 1)Remote islanding Method and 2) Local islanding method. In this, new techniques to detect islanding condition also has been proposed for distributed generation.

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Advanced Crack Detection System for Indian Railway System[ ]


A crucial problem faced by the Indian railway is the formation of crack in the railway track.

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DETECTION OF SENSOR FAULT USING MRAS TECHNIQUE[ ]


This paper present a new speed sensor fault tolerant algorithm for vector controlled induction motor drive. In the proposed method, current estimation uses d- and q-axes currents and is independent of the switching states of the three-leg inverter. The speed is estimated using model reference adaptive system (MRAS). MRAS technique uses reference and estimated values of current and voltage for speed calculation. Speed estimation does not involve the calculation of stator and rotor flux. Such algorithm is suitable for different drives, including electric vehicles to avoid complete shutdown of the system, in case of sensor failure. The proposed MRAS technique has been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software.

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Boost Converter with nonisolated Multiinput Multioutput for Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles[ ]


A new multiinput multioutput dc–dc boost converter with unified structure for hybridizing of power sources in electric vehicles is proposed. The proposed converter can be used for transfering energy between different energy resources. The converter has two main operation modes which in battery discharging mode all input sources deliver power to output and in battery charging mode main energy system not only supplies loads but also delivers power to the rechargeable energy storage systems. It is possible to have several outputs with different dc voltage levels are appropriate for connection to multilevel inverters. In electric vehicles, using of multilevel inverters leads to torque ripple reduction of induction motors. Also, electric vehicles which use dc motors have at least two different dc voltage levels, one for ventilation system and cabin lighting and other for supplying electric motor.

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HARMONIC SUPPRESSION OF CIRCULATING CURRENT IN MODULAR MULTILEVEL CONVERTER USING REPETITIVE CONTROLLER[ ]


A plug-in repetitive control scheme is used here. It combines the high dynamics of PI controller and good steady-state harmonic suppression of the repetitive controller, and minimizes the interference between the two controllers. It is suitable for multiple harmonic suppression

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Robust Reaction Wheel Attitude Control of Satellites[ ]


Attitude control is necessary for the proper functioning of satellite. Actuators used for satellite attitude control include reaction wheel, magnetic torquer, thrusters etc. In this paper design of reaction wheel based on dc motor is considered. Then the performance of satellite is evaluated with reaction wheel. But the system does not settle at the desired attitude. Therefore we first introduce PID controller, then the settling is done at the desired attitude after a large settling time. There after we introduce linear quadratic regulator (LQG) controller, then the system is again become stable and is settled at the desired attitude. The settling time is less as compared to PID controller. Finally robust controller is introduced in the system then the settling time is greatly reduced. Non minimum phase response is the drawback of PID controller that is avoided when LQR and is used

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Modeling and Controller Design of a UAV With Minimum Control Surfaces[ ]


The UAV is an acronym for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, which is an aircraft with no pilot on board.UAVs can be remote controlled aircraft (flown by a pilot at a ground control station) or can fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic automation systems. Generally UAVs have three control surfaces namely elevator, aileron and rudder for the control of pitch, roll and yaw movements. But the UAV used here has only two independently driven elevon surfaces. Though this type of design provides mechanical simplicity, unmanned aerial vehicles with only two elevon surfaces present interesting challenges in dynamics modeling. By using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers and H-infinity controller,the flight performance of the system was analysed and obtained better results by using H-infinity controller compared to PID controllers.

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Control And Tracking Of Fixed Wing UAV System[ ]


This Paper presents the tracking and control of fixed wing UAV system.UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle )is a machine or also known as drone which functions either by means of remote control of a navigator or autonomously.It can fly autonomously and donot carry any human operator.Many applications of small and miniature UAVs requires that the vehicle traverse an inertially definite path.While we considering the effect of disturbance path tracking is not accurate.So it is necessary to control and track the path.Modelling of fixed wing UAV system by considering the longitudinal dynamics and the performance of UAV is analysed by using conventional PID controller and convenient result is obtained. To improve the performance and analysis,another controller named H-infinity controller was used and comparing the results with PID controllers.

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Satellite Tracking Control under J2 Perturbations[ ]


Inter-satellite tracking problem involving two satellites in low earth orbits is addressed here.Two satellites involved are a chaser satellite and a target satellite. The modelling of relative motion among the two satellites incorporating J2 disturbances is discussed here. The objective is to design a suitable controller to keep the relative distance among the satellites constant. A LQR controller is designed and simulations are done in MATLAB.

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REDUCTION OF TRANSFORMER INRUSH CURRENT BY CONTROLLED SWITCHING METHOD[ ]


Transformer inrush currents are high magnitude harmonic rich currents generated when transformer cores are driven into saturation during energization. These currents have undesirable effects including potential damage or loss of life to the transformer, protective relay misoperation and reduced power quality on the system. Controlled transformer switching can potentially reduce these transients if residual core and core flux transients are taken into account in the closing algorithm. This paper explores the theoretical consideration of core flux transients. Based on these studies algorithms were developed which allow controlled energisation of most transformers with reduced inrush current.

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AN IMPROVED GRID CONNECTED INTERLEAVED FLYBACK INVERTER[ ]


This paper proposes a special type of grid-connected inverter system for photo voltaic applications. Here the inverter system is an interleaved high power flyback inverter, ie to implement an improved grid-connected interleaved flyback inverter based on photovoltaic. The existing micro inverter topology based on flyback converter. Therefore the main objective of this paper is to design a new flyback inverter system at high power with good performance. The flyback inverter system designed for 2 KW and it is achieved by interleaving of three flyback cell. The converter is operated in discontinuous current mode (DCM) for easy and stable generation of ac current at grid interface. The system simulation confirms the performance and design of the proposed system using MATLAB Simulink.

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LOAD POWER MANAGEMENT CONTROL STRATEGY FOR A VARIABLE SPEED STAND ALONE WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM USING PMSG[ ]


There are many remote communities throughout the world where the grid is not available. These communities can be supplied with stand alone systems using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). This paper presents a control strategy in order to get output voltage with a constant amplitude and frequency for a variable speed stand alone wind energy system. Here PMSG of 20 kW rated power is connected to a resistive load through a switch mode rectifier and a voltage source inverter. Battery energy storage system is used to store the excess of wind power, to meet the energy demand during shortage. Control of the load side voltage source inverter is used to regulate the output load voltage in terms of amplitude and frequency.

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A Unique Grid Power Controller for DFIG Based Wind Energy Conversion System[ ]


Renewable energy sources are environmental friendly compared to non renewable energy sources. The integration of renewable energy sources such as wind energy system with utility grid is an important issue in the present power system. Doubly Fed Induction Generator has been widely used in Wind Energy Conversion Systems due to its various advantages over Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and Fixed Speed Induction Generator (FSIG).In this paper a grid connected doubly fed induction generator based wind energy conversion system is proposed during varying wind speed conditions. The machine side converter and grid side converter along with battery storage device and capacitor in DC link reduces the power fluctuations in the grid due to varying nature of wind. The control method in this paper is based on the theory of controlling the ‘d’ and ‘q’ axis components of current for both MSC and GSC.The overall proposed strategy is simulated in MATLAB-SIMULINK software and is analyzed.

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WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION THROUGH SOLAR POWER GENERATION[ ]


In the age of wireless technology and increasing use of renewable energy there is a constant increase in the demand for wireless technology which is environment friendly. The phenomenon incorporated in here is to transfer power using a renewable source, without using wired medium. This paper mainly focused on combining both wireless and solar technologies together. This principle of wireless electricity transfer works on the principle of using coupled resonant objects for the transferring electricity. If the efficiency of transmitting the power wirelessly is increased slightly further, then wireless power transmission could become a standard means for charging any electronic gadget, and also if it is by means of a renewable and clean power source such as solar energy, it would be a cherry on top of the cake. The overall goal of this paper is to design and implement a clean power generation and wireless power transmission system.

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EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZED SENSORLESS SPEED AND INDIRECT VECTOR CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES[ ]


Nowadays, Induction Motors are popular such that these motors must be compact, lightweight, less expensive and may be recycled very easily. Furthermore, without using the speed sensor we have increased the safety and reliability. Efficiency optimized speed sensorless control technique offers sufficiently high performance. In Indirect vector control the total rotor flux is aligned along the d-axis and the q-axis rotor flux is set to zero. The efficiency optimization is based on the measurement or estimation of the active power input to the machine and by utilizing the reactive power the speed sensorless algorithm is developed. Simulation results and experimental results are presented.

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ROTOR FLUX VECTOR CONTROL TRACKING FOR SENSORLESS INDUCTION MOTOR[ ]


In this paper, a novel method to estimate the rotor flux position of an induction motor by injecting high frequency signal at very low speed including zero. A high frequency model based on fluctuating signal flux orientation is proposed, and the difference of the high frequency impedance of an induction motor between d and q- axes can be measured. A high frequency model of induction motor, which is oriented with high frequency signal space vector. So the rotor flux angle can be tracked by tuning the space vector of high frequency signal. The control scheme of rotor flux tracking for sensor-less flux orientation is proposed and verified by the experimental results. The experimental results show that this method is very simple to control, and it is robust against the voltage disturbances and saturation state and load change.

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MPPT TECHNIQUE USING SEPIC CONVERTER TO TRACK MAXIMUM POWER POINT FOR PV PANEL[ ]


In this paper, a technique using a SEPIC converter to efficiently track the maximum power point of a solar panel under varying meteorological conditions is presented. Every PV panel has an optimum operating point which varies depending on cell temperature, the isolation level and array voltage. So, in order to maximize the PV output power, a maximum power point tracker should be used in PV system .The SEPIC converter is one of the buck-boost converters which maintain the output voltage as constant irrespective of the solar isolation level. SEPIC has minimal active components, a simple controller, and clamped switching waveforms that provide low noise operation. Incremental conductance control method has been used as MPPT algorithm. The technique is simple and elegant and does not require complicated mathematical computation.

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