IDEAS 2016 - Innovative Developments In Engineering & Advanced Science

IAME-2016 Conference Papers of ECE "

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A Comparative Study of Image Denoising Based on Different Noise Models and Different Filters[ ]


Now a day we want to take photographs everywhere, when we take a photograph in bad lighting condition the image will be corrupted by salt and pepper noise, which is an impulsive noise. Principal sources of Gaussian noise in digital images arise during acquisition. The noise affects human perception. The better human perception can be provided by using wiener and wavelet filters. The goal of the wiener filter is to compute a statistical estimate of the signal using a known signal to produce the estimate as an output.The wavelet filter decomposes the noisy image into different sub-bands where only the edges will be denoised by using thresholding techniques.Then the denoised subbands are recomposed with the approximation co-efficients to get better denoised image compared to wiener filtering. The image denoising helps in human perception and interpretation.

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A Comparative Analysis of Histogram Of Gradient (HOG), Gabor Filter Bank and DCT based Feature Extraction Methods used for Fingerprint Recognition[ ]


Fingerprint recognition is one of the most reliable and popular biometric methods used for person identification. It plays a very important role in forensic and civilian applications such as criminal identification, access control, and ATM card verification. The two major approaches used for fingerprint recognition are image based and minutiae based. The widely used minutiae based representation does not utilize a significant component of the rich discriminatory information available in the fingerprints and local ridge structures cannot be completely characterized by minutiae. Also, minutiae based matching has difficulty in quickly matching two fingerprint images containing different number of unregistered minutiae points. This paper describes a comparative analysis of image based fingerprint recognition using Histogram of Gradient (HOG), Gabor filter bank and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based feature extraction methods. The image based algorithms are used to capture both local and global details in a fingerprint as a compact fixed length feature vector to overcome the disadvantages of minutiae based finger print recognition. The database is formed by capturing 15 fingerprint images per person using 300 dpi fingerprint scanner from 50 persons. The matching technique such as support vector machine (SVM) is used as classifier. Thirteen images from each person are chosen for training and remaining images are used for testing. The recognition performance is measured in terms of False Acceptance Rate (FAR), False Rejection Rate (FRR) and Equal error rate (EER). According to these performance measures, it is observed that the HOG based method yields better results in contrast to other two methods.

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A Review on Character Segmentation of Video Subtitles[ ]


Subtitle extraction from video sequences finds many useful applications in video classification. The complex background, illumination and font size of text present in the video makes subtitles extraction extremely challenging. Text in the video are classified as scene text and graphics text. In this paper, literature review lists several techniques to extract graphics text from the video. Compared to word segmentation in video subtitles, single character segmentation can achieve higher accuracy because of the simple background. The commonly used method for character segmentation using morphological operation is discussed in the paper.

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Modified Text to Public Announcement System[ ]


In this paper we are giving brief outline of improving the transmission of information from user to destination. This system is an interesting solution to avoid the difficulty to convey the messages by user to the various destinations. It is an approach which helps the user to convey messages or important information to a particular person without any time delay. The text messages from the principal are transmitted through a transmitter and is received by the receiver. A micro controller at the receiver end converts the incoming text messages to audio signal. The message from the user is provided as voice message through the loud speaker installed in proper destinations. The corresponding response for the message can send back from destination to user end using a matrix keypad. It can be implemented at institutional level.

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Crack Detection in Paddy using Image Processing Techniques[ ]


In this paper a method is proposed to find cracks in paddy. X ray image of a single paddy is acquired and processed using image processing techniques to assess the quality of a paddy without dehusking. There by eliminating manual, laborious, ineffective process of quality asses of rice granules. On the acquired X ray image of paddy image pre-processing techniques such as de-noising, edge detection, dilation and region of interest (ROI) extraction, feature extraction are performed to detect cracks. There by deciding the quality of paddy. Condition of paddy determines its quality and price.

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Automatic Railhead Crack Detection And Distance Measurement[ ]


Railhead inspection is a very important measurement method for rail track maintenance, because any deviation in geometry indicate where potential defects may exist. However, it is a challenge to inspect such discrete surface defects in a image acquisition system because of illumination inequality and the variation of reflection property of rail surfaces. This paper puts forward an illumination independent crack analyzing system for detect discrete surface defects and measure the distance to crack by DM algorithm using IR sensor fixed in the test train .The measured distance is texted to a base station via GSM modem .This proposed system measure the exact distance to the detected crack from the base station.

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Boost Converter with nonisolated Multiinput Multioutput for Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles[ ]


A new multiinput multioutput dc–dc boost converter with unified structure for hybridizing of power sources in electric vehicles is proposed. The proposed converter can be used for transfering energy between different energy resources. The converter has two main operation modes which in battery discharging mode all input sources deliver power to output and in battery charging mode main energy system not only supplies loads but also delivers power to the rechargeable energy storage systems. It is possible to have several outputs with different dc voltage levels are appropriate for connection to multilevel inverters. In electric vehicles, using of multilevel inverters leads to torque ripple reduction of induction motors. Also, electric vehicles which use dc motors have at least two different dc voltage levels, one for ventilation system and cabin lighting and other for supplying electric motor.

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BIOMETRIC VOTING MACHINE USING ZIGBEE[ ]


The aim of our project is to design a fingerprint based voting machine using ZIGBEE for eliminating the problems that is occurred from the previous electronic voting machine. We are using a ATMEGA 328p microcontroller, LCD (16*2) to display the steps and instructions of voting system, a finger print scanner to scan the voter’s finger print, a security alarm for the alarm of the false voting, ZIGBEE transmitter, ZIGBEE receiver, a RS 232 cable for the interfacing between ZIGBEE and ATMEGA 328p and a computer is used to display the results of the election conducted. Coding and .hex file is generated for ATMEGA 328p using arduino software. Where each voter is allowded to vote once and thus the election being a fair method.There are each fingerprint of voter stored in the database of the microcontroller for the verification during the election process. And thus we can save time and the manpower. Thus this system can be said as a reliable and fast.

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A Robust Algorithm to Decode Trellis Coded Modulation in DMR Systems[ ]


Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) is a digital radio standard which was developed by the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI) for the Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) users. DMR uses state of the art Forward Error Correction methods for reliable transmission and reception. Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) is a bandwidth efficient modulation. In this paper, we propose a competent and fast decoding method for a Rate 3/4 Trellis Code used in DMR systems. TCM coding is based on the key factor of signal-set partitioning. The trellis encoder is implemented as a Finite State Machine (FSM). The decoding is based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection employing Finite State Table of the coder and also the constellation mapper. The decoding algorithm is simulated using MATLAB on an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. The simulation results shows a coding gain of 2dB and the algorithm is able to correct up to two consecutive bit errors.

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Performance Analysis Of OFDM Based RoF System[ ]


The growth of wireless data systems is seen in the many new standards which have recently been developed or currently in under development. The two major development trends of communication are broadband and wireless, and the existing wireless communication system cannot carry high-speed multimedia service signals because of limited bandwidth, so how to realize high-speed wireless access has become a key problem. The continuing increase in customer demand for broadband applications coupled with mobile cellular and personal communications has also becoming a global phenomenon. One of the solutions is radio over fiber (RoF), alternatively known as Hybrid Fibre Radio (HFR), where millimeter-wave (mm-wave) or microwave signals at the carrier frequency are delivered over an optical network from a central station (CS) to base stations (BSs). This technology combines two media: radio and optical. Typically, the optical part is used to interconnect a central radio processing facility with a remote radio antenna, the latter providing coverage to wireless broadband users. Some of the advantages offered by a RoF system include low signal attenuation (in the fibre), improved coverage and system performance, enhanced capacity, low RF power dissipation, reduced complexity due to the centralised processing of RF signals and ultimately low system costs. In recent, Orthogonal Frequency Divi-sion Multiplexing (OFDM) is an emerging technology for high data rates at particular new and upcoming mobile generation and fixed broadband. OFDM is a multicarrier transmission; it congenial for frequency channel selection with high data rates. This technique transforms a frequency selective with wide band channel into a group of non-selective narrowband channels, which make large orthogonality in frequency domain.

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Low cost colour sensing by the implementation of Sigma Delta ADC[ ]


The main aim is to develop a colour detection method with improved accuracy by designing a colour sensor with light dependent resistor and the implementation of Sigma – Delta ADC using an 8 bit microcontroller at low cost. High performance ADC’s collectively referred to as sigma delta converters “SIGMA-DELTA CONVERTERS” has been implemented at the first stage which is highly significant recent commercial communications. The microcontroller used (PIC16F877A) has an in-built ADC which is a conventional Nyquist converter which possesses analog components that are highly precise and very much immune to noise. To avoid these effects, we implemented an oversampling converter which requires simple and tolerant analog components. By this method, we can improve the resolution of the ADC from 10 bits to 16 bits. The importance of sigma delta ADC is that they can be used in many applications where the minute variations in the sensing quantity (light,temperature,voltage,etc..) should be measured. As the next stage, objects with different colours are sensed by the implemented sigma delta ADC with greater accuracy at low cost.

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Counterfeit currency detection using Image Processing and Mobile Recharge System[ ]


Nowadays, near about each man uses a mobile phone, so the recharging of mobile phones has also become a most important task. We are trying to achieve an automatic mobile recharger machine which provides a 24 hour services without interference or need of man. In our daily life we recharge our mobile phone manually, that's we should go to shop or agencies, also these type of easy recharges are not available for 24hrs, also on long root or Expressways. The main blocks of the system are Currency detector, GSM module and user interaction devices. The currency detector is used to detect the amount of money entered and also to check the whether the currency is genuine or not. Global system for mobile communication system (GSM) provided the efficient services and technologies for mobile networks.

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VOICE OUTPUT DEVICE FOR VERBAL APRAXIA[ ]


Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a neurogenic communication affecting the motor programming system for speech production. Individuals with AOS demonstrate difficulty in speech production, specifically with sequencing and forming sounds. The Levelt model describes the speech production process in the following three consecutive stages: conceptualization, formulation, and articulation. According to the Levelt model, apraxia of speech would fall into the articulation region. The individual does not suffer from a language deficiency, but has difficulty in the production of language in an audible manner. Notably, this difficulty is limited to vocal speech, and does not affect signed language production. The individual knows exactly what they want to say. Children with congenital verbal apraxia may often understand spoken and written language and may be socially motivated to communicate, but are physically unable to speak. Because there are few, if any, treatments for this condition, children with this disorder are occasionally taught to communicate by using touch-activated voice output devices, which produce spoken words elicited by pressing buttons or touchscreens. However, for toddlers with severe verbal apraxia, commercially available touch-activated voice output systems present several logistical drawbacks. The project ensures a touch screen with an inbuilt images for children, templates and touch pad for extra typing. It will be a great relief for the patients suffering from verbal apraxia.

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AUTOMATICALLY FOCUSING PROJECTOR MOUNT[ ]


An innovative approach is shown that can allow projector to focus projector image automatically corresponding to the screen in order to reduce trapezoidal distortion. This new but simple technique permits the projector mount to tilt according to Display Screen.Combining The use of LDR and RF modules,We show that the image positioning can be done in two modes ie.Automatic and manual mode. Several experiments are reported also by using a cheap, light-weight cameras to demonstrate that the proposed approach allows real-time operation by portable light-weight device.

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Intelligent Residential Air-Conditioning System Using Embedded Linux[ ]


Air conditioners and air conditioning system are now an essential part of almost every building and institution. They consume a significant part of total energy consumption. Studies suggest that in locations like auditoriums, indoor stadiums and conference halls, air conditioning can contribute as much as 75% of total energy intake. Even in homes and offices, energy consumed by air conditioners is significant. Thus, a new scheme is provided which proposes a compact design to maintain the temperature and the humidity close to the comfortable temperature. A camera is fixed to capture images of the room & the images are sent to the Beagle Bone Black via USB. Here the images are analyzed using image processing technique via OpenCV. The background differencing is performed based on a referenced image of the room to find out the density of persons and there by controls the speed of the Air conditioner. The system also regulates the speed of the fan automatically according to the room temperature and humidity by using a temperature and humidity sensor connected with the Beagle Bone Black. The real time room temperature and humidity will be shown in the LCD display provided and the data can also be saved in the USD card for future analysis. The proposed system will extremely reduce the use of remote control and human endeavor and maintains the reduction of the electrical energy consumption of the AC compressor/fan by controlling the switch and speed of the cooler fan while utilizing all available resources in the most efficient manner.

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8051 MODULAR DEVELOPMENT BOARD[ ]


It is a general purpose 40 Pin 8051 modular development board with onboard 16*2 LCD support, 4*4 general purpose switches, power supply circuit, RS232 port for serial interface with computer and other serial devices, reset switch, poewer status LED. Use this board to kick start development based on compatible 8051 microcontrollers. The board lets you to concentrate on programming, testing and optimizing your code, and therby your overall project, rather than spending time in getting to know the electronics requinboardred to use these microcontrollers. These boards are perfect for learning, testing and development. The intermediate Board offers support for 16*12 LCDs with onboard contrast control and it offers a lot more general purpose LEDs and switches are connected to IO pins on the microcontroller the jumpers and their connected to pins can be disabled if you wish to use the io pins on the microcontroller for other purpose. The board is compatible with the AT89S51/52 microcontrollers. The board is perfect if you are just starting out with 8051 programming and also if you want areliable tried and tested board far building advanced project based on it.

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AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING ROBOTIC VEHICLE[ ]


Fire disaster is a common threat to lives and property. An automatic fire extinguishing strategy provides real time monitoring, exploration and programmed fire alarm. This paper present the design of a low cost, robust and secure fire protection system for buildings. Its sends early alarm when the fire occurs and help to reduce the fire damage. This system consist of a smoke detector and a temperature sensor whose outputs are connected to the controller. The system takes into account the density of smoke and thus the probability of false alarms can be avoided.

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Vehicle monitoring System[ ]


Accidents are very common nowadays. there are several reasons behind it, some of them are over speed drowsiness etc…The design of vehicle monitoring system builds a new monitoring system based on embedded processing technology and MATLAB programming. This helps to reduce accidents. The project contains two sections, an embedded section and MATLAB section. In embedded section PIC microcontroller is using and several modules are connected to it. The highlight of the section is a black box which collects the information from the vibration sensor, RPM sensor, left/right indicator and stores it in EPROM memory. MATLAB section consists of a camera infront of the driver and this camera continuously monitors the eye blinking and if there any fault occurs it switch on the buzzer and this will help to reduce accidents through drowsiness

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Automatic Wall Painting Robot[ ]


Building and construction is one of the major industries around the world. In this fast moving life construction industry is also growing rapidly. But the labors in the construction industry are not sufficient. This insufficient labour in the construction industry is because of the difficulty in the work. In construction industry, during the work in tall buildings or in the sites where there is more risky situation like interior area in the city. The construction industry is labor-intensive and conducted in dangerous situations; therefore the importance of construction robotics has been realized and is grown rapidly.

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