ICSTAGE 2017- International Conference on Smart Technology and Green Environment

"ICSTAGE 2017 Conference Papers "

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF COLD FORMED SIGMA AND Z SECTION PURLIN CONNECTIONS[ ]


Cold formed steel sections are widely used as purlins in industrial buildings. Plain C, Z and sigma sections are most common cold-formed steel purlins in use for roof systems throughout the world. In a pre engineered building of larger bay span two purlins are connected in such a way that it acts as a continuous member. The purlins are connected either by overlapping them or by bolting a short sleeve member that holds and connects the purlins. This paper aims in determining the capacities of bolted overlapped and sleeved connections for z and sigma section having same depth and thickness. The stability, load bearing capacity and failure modes for the four different connections are found by both finite element analysis and experimental test. The finite element analysis is done by ABAQUS/CAE. Results are compared to find which connection type has higher strength and is effective for use in industrial buildings.

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Analysis of Smart Composite Material Structures[ ]


Composite materials have wide range of applications in the aerospace and defence structures. A finite element formulation is developed to model the response of buckling of composite plates with piezoelectric sensor and actuator layers. The stress equations of motion are derived using the variational principle with respect to the total structural and electrical potential energy. Semiloof shell element was used to study the behaviour of the composite plates subjected to mechanical loading. The material properties: Isotropic, Piezoelectric and composite were considered. The analytical solution is validated by comparing the available results in the literature. New results are presented for the effect of piezoelectric material on the buckling for the cross ply laminated plates.

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ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION ON SPHERICAL SHELL SUBJECTED TO BLAST LOADING[ ]


Blast is defined as release of air due to the explosion of bombs and dynamites caused by ignition. Explosives are used in various applications such as mining, demolishing of buildings, gunpowder which is use to propel bullets. Another area where explosions likely occur is in nuclear power plants, here even inhaling or slightest exposure to the radioactive gas can seriously damage the human body, however health precautions have been implemented. The main problem has been isolating the explosives and dynamites when they are not in use.

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Compatibility assessment of commercial cements and superplasticizers[ ]


Nowadays different type of cements and superplasticizers are available commercially. It creates a lot of confusion to the users in selecting the type of cement and superplasticizers which are compatible to each other. To eliminate this confusion, the Information on compatibility of superplasticizers and cements are very much needed. In the present study, the compatibility between two types of commercially available blended cements and two types of superplasticizers are experimented for each combination. The optimum dosage of the superplasticizers is identified using marsh cone test and mini slump test for each of the combinations. The strength properties of concrete made with each combination were tested through compressive test, splitting tensile test and flexural test and reported. The best compatibility is found between the polymer based superplatizer and slag blended cement.

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Experimental Investigation of Recycled Coarse Aggregate in Concrete with Mineral Admixtures[ ]


Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregates bounded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. Concrete is the most common and useful material in the construction industry and its demand get increasing day to day. Coarse aggregate is a compressive member plays an important roll in concrete. Extraction of natural coarse aggregate to produce concrete has considerable environmental consequences. So in order to reduce the usage of natural coarse aggregate recycled aggregate can be used as the replacement material, which is generally collected from demolished buildings, roads, bridges etc. To enhance the strength of recycled aggregate concrete two different admixtures are added along with the concrete Silica Fume, Fly Ash by using this admixtures we can reduce the percentage of usage of cement in concrete. So that emission of CO2 gas during production of cement get reduces. The aim of the project is to increase the strength of concrete by adding more percentage of recycled coarse aggregate by replacing natural coarse aggregate.

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Experimental Investigation on Fly Ash and Bagasse Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete[ ]


This paper reports the comparison of bagasse ash and fly ash-bagasse ash based geopolymer concrete. In which cement is fully replaced by pozzolanic material that is rich in silicon and aluminium like fly ash and bagasse ash referred to as “Geopolymer concrete” which is a contemporary material. Geopolymer concrete was actually manufactured by reusing and recycling of industrial solid wastes and by products.Fly Ash, a by-product of coal obtained from the thermal power plant is plenty available worldwide.

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Experimental Investigation on Steel Concrete Composite Hollow Section[ ]


In recent days, due to the expansion of cities it is required to construct high storey buildings. Composite buildings prove to be promising for multi storey building. As a result, composite columns have recently undergone increased usage throughout the world, which has been influenced by the improvement of high strength concrete enabling these columns to be considerably economized. Columns are designed to resist the majority of axial force by concrete alone can be further economized by the use of thin walled steel tube.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON CONCRETE WITH e-PLASTIC WASTE[ ]


Management and recycling of e-plastic waste is rapidly growing as it is a valuable resource of IT industries and it is very hazardous substances with low recycling rate. The use of e-plastic waste will reduces the aggregate cost, landfill cost and it is energy saving. An experimental study is made on utilization of e-plastic waste as coarse aggregate in concrete with partial replacement from 0% to 20%(by volume) on strength criteria of M20 concrete. Compressive strength of concrete at 7&28 days, and split tensile strength of concrete at 28 days were determined. The results indicate that replacing natural coarse aggregate with e-plastic waste doesn't affect workability significantly and compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete was found to be marginally increased upto 10% partial replacement with natural aggregate.

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Integrated Thermal Structural Analysis of Spacecraft Structures[ ]


Finite element analysis procedures for predicting temperature response and associated thermal stress and buckling to 2D thermal structural analysis of advanced composite plates and shells are presented. Thermal analyses of structures are usually performed with non-consistent tools leading to an excessive effort in data adaptation. The application of 2D finite elements for this task relaxes this deficiency. With thermal composite theories, the temperature profile is assumed linear or quadratic in the thickness direction, but it is calculated by solving the Fourier’s heat conduction equation. Finite element program has been developed using Semiloof shell elements and same eight noded isoparametric element concept for steady-state heat transfer. Results are verified for heat transfer, thermal stress and buckling analysis. New results are presented in terms of temperature, thermal stress and buckling for advanced composite plates. The results from this paper are to be useful mainly in nuclear reactor vessels and Thermal Protection System (TPS) in defence application.

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INVESTIGATION ON FENESTRATION DESIGN FOR A COMMERCIAL BUILDING[ ]


Incorporating energy efficiency and sustainable green design features into a new commercial building has become a top priority in recent years. This study intends addressing the process involved in the delivery of energy efficient building which is not just the result of applying one or more isolated technology. An integrated or whole building design process involves studies of the energy-related impacts and interactions of all building components, including the building location, envelope (walls, windows, doors, and roof), heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, lighting, controls, and equipment. In other words, energy efficient building design can best be achieved by various design features involved in the building energy consumption.

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MODELLING OF SELF ACTUATING MR DAMPERS FOR BRIDGES[ ]


Earthquake damage to a bridge can have severe consequences. Clearly, the collapse of a bridge places people on or below the bridge at risk, bridges are often provided as a link in a transportation system. so it is important to prevent the bridge from the collapse. In this paper, 91/5 over-crossing, located in Orange County of Southern California is taken as a benchmark bridge with the provided literatures and it is modeled and time history analysis is done. In order to prevent the bridge from collapse, displacement is to be controlled and reduced. Magnotorheological (MR) dampers have been demonstrated to be more effective in reducing the structural response due to earthquakes using only a small amount of external power. In this paper MR dampers are used to control the structural responses from bridge and in-order to make the semi-active damper into passive damper.

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Nonlinear Analysis of Composite Plates and Shells subjected to in-plane loading[ ]


In this article, nonlinear analysis of the composite plates were carried out using the semiloof shell element. The finite element formulation is based on Green strains and Piola-Kirchhoff stresses. The nonlinear solution procedure was implemented to study the nonlinear behaviour of composite plates. Due to coupling effect in composite plate and shells under in-plane load, pre-buckling displacement is significant and hence the behaviour is nonlinear. A verification study has been carried out to establish the efficiency of the present model.

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OPTIMIZAION OF RESOURCE USAGE AMONG PRECAST AND THE CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES[ ]


Different construction technique helps to complete the project earlier but it may be costlier and other construction technique the project can be completed with a reduced cost and increased time duration. The main aim is to evaluate precast and conventional construction techniques used in the recent construction industry based on the knowing the cost and time for the four different cases which is to be considered in the project. Time and Cost data are collected for the four different cases based the values got the data table is formed. From the data’s collected the analysis is to be done by using the Earned value analysis method to find the earned value percentage for cost and time of the construction project for the different cases and sub-cases considered in the project. The mathematical equation is to be generated from the Earned Value percentage found for each case. By which the separate Equation for cost and time for different cases is generated. Graph is plotted from the equations generated. This will be helpful for each construction firm to know the cost and time of construction of residential building by constructing different components of the structure using precast construction technique. The suggestions are given for the use of precast construction technique in the construction of the residential building.

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Optimization of MR Dampers in a Multi-Storey Building[ ]


Control of civil engineering structures in the area of earthquake mitigation brings out an impending area of research which has claimed a tremendous growth in the past thirty years. Control systems required for these structures have unique requirements and constraints as no two earthquake induced ground motions are the same. For example, during a major seismic trigger, possibilities of damage to the external power source is higher leading to a complete shutdown of power supply for the control system making it ineffective. It is uncertain that if a system proven to work for a structure in one ground motion will work efficiently in another ground motion. Great efforts were carried out to develop the concept of energy dissipation in structures to bring it into an applicable technology. Magnetorheological (MR) dampers have come up as a promising class of device that mesh well with the set of requirements and constraints of seismic applications, including robustness and very low power consumption. Identifying the location and number of dampers plays a major role in the reduction of response of a structure during a seismic event. In this paper different patterns of arrangement of dampers have been analysed for a set of earthquake records with varying current for MR damper in terms of inter storey drift.

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Removal of Iron from synthetic waste water using Sawdust and Rice husk[ ]


This study mainly dealt with removal of iron from ground water sources by using locally available low cost materials such as sawdust, rice husk and lime stone. In this process, we fabricated a filter tube of length 60 cm and diameter 150mm in which the adsorbent materials (sawdust and rice husk) mixed at varying proportions was sandwiched between limestone aggregates. The sample we used for this filtration process was synthetically prepared iron solution of 1000ppm by dissolving 3.5713g of Ferric Sulphate salt in 1l of distilled water. The filtration process was done at various surface loading rates (1.715𝒎𝟑/𝒎𝟐/hr and 1.357𝒎𝟑/𝒎𝟐/hr) and at different proportions 1:1, 1:1.5, 1.5:1, 2:1 and 1:2 denoting the ratio of sawdust is to rice husk. As a result, we obtained the high reduction of iron concentration at surface loading rate 1.357𝒎𝟑/𝒎𝟐/hr at proportion 1:1.5 denoting ratio of sawdust is to rice husk.

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Seismic Performance Analysis of RCC Benchmark Problem with Passive Control System[ ]


Structures situated in a high Seismic risk area undergo a higher level of dynamic response. Seismic response, reduction through increasing structural stiffness and damping by implementing passive energy dissipation devices is found to be effective in the non-linear response reduction. In Earthquake Engineering, damping is an inherent property of the structure which tends to resist the movement of the structure due to vibration. Higher the damping of the structure quicker it will return to its resting position from the displaced position. This paper presents a performance analysis of various passive dampers, assessing effectiveness of 6 storey RCC Benchmark structure under controlled and uncontrolled condition. Systems of structural control considered are ViscoElastic Damper, Metallic Friction Damper and Viscous Fluid Damper. A multi storey Benchmark building with 6 stories have been modeled using FEMM Software package SAP2000, Nonlinear Time History Analysis was carried out for three earthquake ground motion data namely Elcentro 1940, Imperial valley and Northridge. The response of the Benchmark structure was studied as displacement, interstorey drift and base shear. Viscous Fluid Damper and Friction Damper shows efficient damping performance when compared to other passive energy dissipation systems..

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SOLAR ENERGY IN MARINE FIELD[ ]


The main economical background of many country is shipping industry but it stands the top most position in polluting the nature. It creats atmospheric pollution, sound pollution, wild life collusion, coventional pollution, green house gas pollutant, oil spills etc,. by using solar panel we can convert solar engy into mechanical energy and can use the energy to run the propoller. By this way we can controll some of the the pollutions which are emmited by the ships during the voyage.

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Stochastic finite element analysis of simple hip truss[ ]


In this paper, nodal displacements and member stresses in a simple hip truss are determined using stochastic finite element method. The random variables considered are wind loads and cross-sectional dimensions for truss members. In this analysis, the random variations in material properties are ignored. The second order perturbation technique is used for stochastic finite element analysis. The statistical properties of nodal displacements and stresses in truss members are verified by modeling the truss in ANSYS Probabilistic Design System Module and using Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. 5000 simulations were performed in ANSYS. The results obtained through both the methods are in good agreement. The maximum difference in nodal displacements and member stress was found to be 0.09mm and 0.0725% respectively. As stochastic finite element method provides a direct analytic solution for the analysis, it is preferred over the time-consuming simulation procedures.

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STUDY ON IMPACT OF NOISE LEVEL DUE TO QUARRYING ACTIVITY IN AND AROUND RATHINAMANGALAM AREA OF KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA[ ]


Mining is the extraction of minerals and metals from earth.Depending on the type of location and nature of the resource, there are different types of mining. Mining can generally be divided into surface and subsurface (underground) mining. It plays a very significant role in the economic growth and development of the country. Quarrying plays an important role in infrastructure development and also the development of particular area.

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Thermally stressed vibration of composite plates and shells[ ]


In this research article, the characteristics of vibration of thermally stressed composite laminated shells are considered. Since, aerospace structures like space craft and defence structures like missiles are subjected to aerodynamic heating and they are most susceptible to vibration. Finite element method of analysis using semiloof shell element is employed in the formulation of governing equations. The thermal load can be specified by means of nodal temperature, varying over the surface as well as through the thickness. The governing equation includes the mass matrix, the geometric stiffness matrix and structural stiffness matrix. The validation checks on the program are carried out using results on homogeneous isotropic and laminated composite structures are available in the literature. Parametric studies are carried out for: cross ply and angle play laminations with symmetry and anti symmetry stacking sequence; simply supported, clamped boundary conditions; varying ratio of coefficient of linear thermal expansion; Varying number of layers for given laminated thickness; thickness to radius ratio.

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Agricultural drought assessment and management in Arjunanadhi and Kousiganadhi sub basins[ ]


Agricultural drought is the shortage of precipitation (relative to the normal precipitation for that location) sufficient to have an adverse effect on crop production or range production. It occurs when the soil moisture is insufficient to meet the needs of a particular crop at a particular time. The study area for this thesis is Arjunanadhi and Kousiganadhi sub basins of Vaippar river basin. The taluks covered in the sub basin are Srivilliputhur, Sivakasi, Sattur and Virudhunagar of Virudhunagar District and Peraiyur of Madurai District

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Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring - A Review[ ]


Agricultural drought refers to circumstances when rainfall and soil moisture is insufficient and results in the unhealthy crop growth and reduction in crop production. The main consequence of agricultural drought is the reduction in crop yield, which is too small for farmers to neither feed their families nor their livestock. The prolonged food deficit will force farmers to sell livestock as the decline in production may reduce food supplies.

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APPLICATION OF BIOMIMCRY TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS[ ]


In order to explore and fulfill his desires, man has always exploited Nature and destroyed natural environment. This has resulted in some negative repercussions on the environment in which man lives – Global Warming. To curb the horrifying impacts of global warming people are aiming towards sustainable living. Everyone wants a development that meets the need of the present without compromising the needs of future generations and having a minimal negative impact on nature. Currently, buildings account for 40% of world‘s energy, and it is projected that in next decade 60% of world‘s population will be living in buildings in cities with a population of over one million. And world‘s energy is expected to grow more than 30%.

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“EFFECT OF COST OVERRUN”-A CRITICAL REVIEW[ ]


The present day contracting appears to have more of contradictions than the clarity that is needed. This is mainly because of the variation that creeps into the description in the bill of quantities and specifications. Many times the related drawings may not reflect the specifications. Such issues can disturb the coating structure presented by the executing organization leading the extra claims which can be called as “cost overruns”. This leads to time delay in the project which again adds to the cost. On many occasions the cost increase due to time delay is more than the other causes that result in increase in cost budget, which again is termed as cost overrun. Review of the published literature indicates that the study of cost overrun appears to have been done in a more generic way. This particular presentation studies the effect of certain specific aspects causing abnormal increase in the cost and attempts to provide suggestions on remedial measures.

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Effect of Sea water intrusion on Geotechnical behavior of soil- A review[ ]


Due to seawater intrusion there is a change in behavior of geotechnical properties of soil. Sea water intrusion changes soil behavior and also leads to geotechnical problems, the alkalinity and TDS value is increased in groundwater due to rate of intrusion. There is a discrepancy in seawater effect on compressibility and consistency properties of clay having low and high plasticity, the results indicates that the seawater intrusion is negligible on tested consistency limits of compressible characteristics of clay when liquid limit is up to 110%. The main reason for the changes in decreased Atterbergs limit and increase in shear strength parameter are due to increase in soil salinity , this is due to increasing attractive force between soil particles , establishing a bonding between them , and forming salt crystals in pore soils.

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Effect of Subsurface Development on Groundwater Regime of an Urban Aquifer - A Review Paper[ ]


Groundwater has emerged as an important source to meet the water requirements of various sectors including the major consumers of water like irrigation, domestic and industries. The sustainable development of groundwater resources requires precise quantitative assessment based on reasonably valid scientific principles. An urban aquifer is likely to be affected by the surface and subsurface development, unlike rural areas. Hence, quantitative assessment of groundwater should be based on the residential areas, commercial complexes and utilization services.

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ENERGY CONSERVATION USING EARTH SHELTERING TECHNIQUE-AN APERCU[ ]


Earth sheltering is an age long traditional practice. In modern times its benefits has prompted new definitions for its practice. With the potential thermal conservation qualities and physical characteristics of earth as a building mass, earth shelters can now be defined as structures built with the use of earth mass against building walls as external thermal mass, which reduces heat loss and maintains a steady indoor air temperature throughout the seasons. The popularity of earth sheltering was advanced mostly by research in energy conservation in residential housing. Originally conceived as dwellings developed by the utilization of caves within the traditional context, its evolution through technologies led to the construction of customized earth dwellings all across the globe. These structures in the past were built by people not schooled in any kind of formal architectural design or with identifiable building techniques rather they depended on the cover the very structure of the earth could provide them for purposes of shelter, warmth and security. By reducing building energy consumption a nation can reduce dependency on imported energy and strengthen its strategic position. This paper is aimed at addressing the role played by earth sheltered houses in energy conservation.

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Experimental and Analytical Studies on Prototype Water Tank Constructed Using Flowable Cement Composites[ ]


Ferrocement elements are being used for water tank construction because of their strong and durable nature. The construction of water tank using ferrocement technology requires highly skilled manpower of artisan type. In the recent day’s labour cost is very high and also the availability of artisans is very difficult which increases the cost of the ferrocement water tank. To overcome these difficulties, an attempt is made to develop a composite of flowable nature without compromising its strength by suitably modifying the mix proportion. Cube specimens were cast to determine the compressive strength of the composite and slab specimens were cast using different types of steel wire meshes to study their flexural behaviour. Prototype water tank was cast using the composite and its structural behaviour was studied experimentally under hydraulic loading. The behaviour of the tank subjected to hydraulic loading was monitored using LVDTs and strain gauges. The analytical study indicates that the predictions are comparable with the test results. The outcome of this study may be useful to formulate guidelines to design water tank of various capacities.

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Experimental Investigation on Fly Ash and Bagasse Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete[ ]


This paper reports the comparison of bagasse ash and fly ash-bagasse ash based geopolymer concrete. In which cement is fully replaced by pozzolanic material that is rich in silicon and aluminium like fly ash and bagasse ash referred to as “Geopolymer concrete” which is a contemporary material. Geopolymer concrete was actually manufactured by reusing and recycling of industrial solid wastes and by products. Fly Ash, a by-product of coal obtained from the thermal power plant is plenty available worldwide.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE WITH GGBS AND RHA ICSTaGE-2017[ ]


Alkali activated concrete is becoming an attractive alternate to Portland cement concrete to address sustainability issues and its solids are made of industrial by products. This paper aims to investigate the strength properties of alkali activated concrete with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) as source material. Rice husk ash (RHA), industrial waste material obtained from modernised rice industries has to be partially replaced up to 20% by weight, of GGBS for the production of geo polymer concrete.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGTION ON HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE IN WHICH CEMENT IS PARTIALLY REPLACED WITH GGBS AND SILICA FUME[ ]


In this paper is an effort is to be carried out to investigate the strength properties of concrete in which cement is partially replaced with GGBS (Ground granulated blast furnace slag) and silica fume. A experimental study is to be carried out to investigate the possibility of utilizing a broad range of materials as partial replacement materials for cement in the production of concrete. Also the mechanical behaviour like compression strength, split tensile strength, flexure strength, water absorption is to be studied. For this the cement content is replaced at various percentage of GGBS and silica fume say 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% respectively. Totally mix is to be designed. At the end the optimum percentage of GGBS and silica fume replacement is to found out.

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