ICSDDM-2017- International Conference on Sustainable Development in Design & Manufacturing

"ICSDDM 2017 Conference Papers "

A Review paper on Artificial Neural Network: A Prediction Technique[ ]


This paper presents a brief review of prediction technique- Artificial Neural Network (ANN). It is used to improve prediction accuracy of the model with less dependancy on experimental data. The basic steps used in MATLAB are reported along with different ANN trainings. The purpose of the training is to minimize mean square error. ANN model can be used easily for prediction of output parameters which helps in optimum selection of machining parameters for the purpose of process planning and optimisation of machining parameters.

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5S- A WORK PLACE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM[ ]


The following paper tries to explore in detail the concept of 5S management, its benefits and the framework required for implementation. 5S is a Japanese system predominantly for the improvement of work place management, it is rightly said that all the good things start from home. This holds true in the case of 5S also. Almost each of us follows it In our daily routine though at different levels. But since it is not implemented in a structured fashion it fails to impact either our thinking process or attract any attention. The authors try to use simple and practical ways in this paper for deployment of 5S. Let us understand it in simple ways. The 5S of the Japanese system can be understood in common man’s language as - 1. Segregate 2. Sort in order 3. Shine 4. Standardize 5. Sustain The aim of this paper is to explain the 5S implementation methodology. On the basis of our own research it can be stated, that introducing the 5S rules bring great changes ithin company, for example: process enhancement by costs’ reduction, increasing of effectiveness and efficiency in the processes, maintenance and improvement of the machines’ efficiency, safety increasing and reduction of the industry pollution, proceedings according to decisions. The 5S method begins each programme of improvement in a company. This method can be used in all companies. Its result is the effective organization of the workplace.

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Review of Lean Manufacturing as a production management technique[ ]


This paper explains about a new type of Cell type manufacturing system used by Bosch-Rexroth group. This new production system uses the old lean manufacturing system but incorporates new production methods to cut down the production time and to provide better ergonomics. All the production management systems are compared with new lean manufacturing techniques to see if this strategy can work in today’s work environment. Overall equipment effectiveness is calculated for the specific cell type manufacturing system and are compared with ideal cycle time.

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Design and Fabrication of Paper Shredder Machine[ ]


This paper deals with a detailed study & design procedure of a paper shredder machine. A detailed study of various parts of shredder machine like stand (frame), transmission system and cutting system are made and designed separately. The first part deals with the study of cutting system of a shredder machine i.e. types of blades, different profiles, its dimensions, its alignment, advantages and disadvantages of different types of blades. The second part includes problem definition, objectives, procedure of design with the detailed design of each component of the cutting and transmission system i.e. designing a blade and making certain modifications in it and the frame. The third and last part deals with the design of 3D model of various parts on Dassult Systems “SOLIDWORKS 2014” and its motion study and the analysis of the stand in ANSYS 15.

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Selection of Vertical Formwork in Construction Project Using Fuzzy Logic[ ]


Vertical formwork system has a considerable share in total construction cost of a project. Selection of an appropriate vertical formwork system is important and challenging role in cost savings in a construction project. The aim of this paper is to propose a decision support tool to contractors and consultants while making the selection of a vertical formwork system using fuzzy logic incorporated with Relative Importance Index (RII). Eighteen major factors were identified and categorized into four groups. Importances of these factors were quantified by using Relative Importance Index method and ranking to these groups is given on the basis of their importance index. In this research paper a simple form of Mamdani type fuzzy rule is used. The results obtained from relative importance index are utilized as a fuzzy rule weights to construct a fuzzy assessment model for the selection of vertical formwork system.

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Modified Geometry of Mast to Reduce Smoke Ingress Problem in Naval Ship Using Flow Visualization Study of Exhaust Smoke[ ]


One of the challenges in the ship building is to avoid the smoke ingress problem in gas turbine which is located at the base of tall mast and uses as a prime mover It is important to identify the possibilities of occurrence of ingress of smoke in to gas turbine at the at the design stage itself so that steps can be taken to avoid such an eventuality. Modern warships are prone to the problem of smoke nuisance because they tend to favor a full-beam superstructure with a tall mast and short funnels. This paper presents flow visualization studies undertaken in a wind tunnel over a simplified superstructure of a generic naval ship in order to understand the effect of opening in mast for plume trajectory by taking lowest velocity ratio to reduce smoke ingress problem in gas turbine and the exhaust plume path. These investigations have been carried out at three design of opening in mast for three frame of simplified superstructure. The result of these flow visualization studies provides insight into the process of plume dispersion in the vicinity of the funnel and other structures on the topside of naval ships. These results can also be used for validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, including path lines of the exhaust smoke in the presence of superstructure interaction in a variety of vehicles like cruise vessels, ferries, yachts, naval ships, etc.

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Effect of Steel bracings in Steel Structure[ ]


The word ‘Bracing’ originated from the word ‘Brace’ which basically means to strengthen or bolster by clasping firmly. Now days in metropolitan cities problem of time required for construction of RCC Structure is more as compare to steel structure. In case of steel structure to resist the lateral force and increase the stiffness of steel frame, bracings play very vital role. Bracing will make structure indeterminate. But it stiffens the structure and also helps to resist the sway of the structure. Bracings are straight member and carry only axial forces. In present study, G+7 storey building model has been analysed considering different types of bracing system under wind loading [1] using STAAD Pro V8i SS6. Results are concluded by comparing the Base reactions, Maximum displacement of member, Nodal displacements, Nodal rotation for a fixed base steel structure.

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Energy Efficient Air Distribution Systems For Air Handling Unit[ ]


An air handling unit (AHU) is a large piece of equipment that alters the temperature and pressure of air being distributed throughout a building. They are usually located in their own part of the building, often in the penthouse or basement. Heating ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC) systems consumes nearly 50 to 60% of the total power consumption in any building and thus, offers huge potential and challenge to reduce the energy consumption by employing various innovative systems designs. No-cost measures for reducing the energy bills. For air conditioning systems, the measures include selecting the right temperature [no overcooling or overheating], minimizing the space for air conditioning and closing of dampers / grills for areas where air conditioning is not required. Reducing wasted HVAC energy consumption is an important building block in the push for greater sustainability in the business world. It is also a great way to substantially reduce operating costs. And many of the steps that business owners and managers can take to improve sustainability and reduce costs require little to no expense. Many of those steps are also incredibly simple, and the more complex waste-reducing practices often offer excellent return on investment. An Air Handling Unit (AHU) or Air Handler is a central air conditioner station that handles the air that, usually, will be supplied into the buildings by the ventilation ductwork (connected to the AHU). Handling the air means that the air will be delivered into the building spaces with thermo-hygrometric and IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) treatment.

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A to Z of Water Management and Overall Scenario in Saudi Arabia[ ]


Water is an essential resource and plays a significant factor for the industrial field. It is the platform of economic and society survival. During the last years, the kingdom has gone through comprehensive development in all fields along with tremendous growth rates in population. For that, integrated water resource management is important to ensure the continuous supply of quality water for all sectors. In spite of the tremendous efforts made by the government to develop the water supplies in the country, the consumption of water in Saudi Arabia has reached alarming levels. The objective of this paper is to seek sustainable management for water resources in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through the following the integrated water management approach.

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Screw feeder performance prediction using Discrete Element Method (DEM)[ ]


Screw feeders are widely used for transporting particulates at controlled and steady rates. These devices suitable for handling a wide variety of materials that have good flow ability characteristics. They are used in many bulk material applications in industries ranging from chemicals, cement, sand, industrial minerals, and food processing. In this paper the influence of screw diametric clearance and hopper filling level on the feeder performance is illustrated. A computational particle flow simulation of a Screw feeder is presented by applying the Discrete Element Method (DEM) with periodic boundary conditions. The DEM modelling gives predictions of screw feeder performance. The simulation tool allows the modelling of all relevant machine parts without expensive real manufacturing and to test their characteristics.

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Cost of Quality Applications and Challenges: A Review[ ]


This paper presents cost of quality (COQ) its applications and challenges with the help of COQ models and the constituents components of the models. It describes different parameters responsible for COQ and also issues related with COQ. COQ is a measurement system that translates the language of management into a monetary language that every stakeholder can understand. COQ concepts affect operating costs, profitability, and consumer needs.

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Designing Experimental Set up for Validation of FEA[ ]


Engineering analysis is today of paramount importance in the product development cycle. FEA tools are one analytical computer aided engineering (CAE) tools, provide the engineer with the ability to analyze, model, simulate and optimize a design. FEA tools, when applied to a mechanical structure, offer the engineer insight into the stresses, deflections, model frequencies & mode shapes of the structure. FEA can be applied to other type of analysis, including heat transfer, electrostatic potential & fluid mechanics. The physical problem typically involves an actual structure or structural component subjected to certain loads. The idealization of the physical problem to a mathematical model requires certain assumptions that together lead to differential equations governing the mathematical model. The FEA solves this mathematical model. The experimental study is devoted to analyze the buckling analysis of bar. The experiment set up for the buckling which could be of linear elastic type. In this type since the experiment will not be destroy the sensor. Buckling occurs when a structure under an applied loading converts membrane strain energy into strain energy of bending. In the present paper the author’s attempt to elaborate the some of the issues & attempt to show how this could be addressed.

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A Review of Absorption Refrigeration in Vehicles using Waste Exhaust Heat[ ]


This paper provides a literature review on absorption refrigeration system. The study shows energy from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is used to power an absorption refrigeration system to air-condition an ordinary passenger car. In vapor absorption refrigeration system, a physicochemical process replaces the mechanical process of vapor compression refrigeration system. Aqua-ammonia is the best combination of absorbentrefrigerant having no adverse effect on environment. The average coefficient of performance of absorption refrigeration system is low about 0.1-0.3. The low COP value is an indication that improvements to the cycle are necessary.

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Quality Function Deployment for Designing Bottle Holder[ ]


Bottle holder is a need of long journey passengers. Passengers are having some set of expectations regarding bottle holder. Passenger expect that the bottle should hold multiple size of bottles. As well as he demands for low price and durability. Few passengers expect thermally insulated bottle holder. But it is designers choice that what customer expectations should be fulfilled. Hence QFD (Quality function deployment) Approach helps to transform customer requirements into design specifications. The QFD is explored through House of Quality where different rooms lead certain characteristics aiming towards transformation of Customer requirements of Bottle Holder into exact design specification satisfying such requirements.

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Design and Fabrication of Compact Paper Recycling Machine[ ]


Due to lack of proper waste collection channels we lose a major portion to landfills. The amount of imported waste paper is greater than indigenously collected paper. So, instead of throwing away the waste paper in trash, recycling can be adopted. In institutes like offices, schools, colleges and industries the paper recycling machine can be used to reduce paper waste and cost saving. The main benefit of recycling is double decrease of the environmental load. Designing automatically operated compact recycling machine which can be used to simply the process and reduce the production cost of paper. The machine is designed with essential sections to carry out the process. The 3-D modelling is done in CATIA and the machine will be fabricated accordingly.

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Button Operated Gear Shifter in Two Wheeler using Stepper Motor[ ]


The main objective of this paper is used to bring automation in gear shifter of two wheelers using stepper motor. This is the new innovative model mainly used for the vehicles to control the vehicle. Here we are concentrating to design the automatic gear changing mechanism in two wheeler vehicles by using the components like gear box, stepper motor, battery, electronic switch etc. This is very useful and unique method for the gear changing mechanism in two wheeler vehicles. By using this we can easily control the bike through button which will give instruction to stepper motor through programming we going to achieve to control motion i.e. Clockwise or anticlockwise by some specific angle.

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Optimization in nozzle design to increase thrust[ ]


Nozzle is mechanical device,used to convert chemical energy of the gases coming out from the combustion chamber into kinetic energy. Also gives direction to the gases coming out from the combustion chamber and converts pressure energy into the kinetic energy. For efficient conversion of pressure energy into kinetic energy convergent-divergent nozzle is being used also known as DE-Laval nozzle. In this paper literature survey has been carried out to increase efficiency of the nozzle by optimizing various performance parameters such as: 1. Divergent Angle 2. Exit Diameter 3. Profile of nozzle and 4. Cross-sectional area of nozzle

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Multi Objective Optimisation in Drilling of Composites[ ]


Composite laminates (CFRP, GFRP, and fiber metal composite laminates) are attractive for many applications (such as aerospace and aircraft structural components) due to their superior properties. Usually, mechanical drilling operation is an important final machining process for components made of composite laminates. However, composite laminates are regarded as hard-to-machine materials, which results in low drilling efficiency and undesirable drilling-induced delamination. Therefore, it is desirable to improve the cost-effectiveness of currently-available drilling processes and to develop more advanced drilling processes for composite laminates. Such improvement and development will benefit from a comprehensive literature review on drilling of composite laminates. This review paper summarizes the progress in mechanical drilling of composite laminates reported in the literature. It covers drilling operations in conventional drilling and high speed drilling, drill bit geometry and materials, drilling-induced delamination and its suppressing approaches, thrust force, and tool wear. It is intended to select appropriate parameters for the experimentation on CFRP using conventional drilling method, to reduce delamination effect and for multi-objective optimization using ANN.

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Literature Survey On Sand Flea Jumping Robot[ ]


The aim of this work is not only to give an up-to-date review of jumping robots, but also to joint key topics of publications in the research area of jumping robots. The following presents an overview of previous work on jumping animals, robots and theoretical models. The systematic studies of the movement trajectories that maximize jumping performance are presented in this review. The review includes various movement strategies and animal movements for maximum height jumping, design and fabrication challenges.

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Some studies on Sustainable Machining : A Review[ ]


Machining plays an vital role in industrial economy and it contributes. more than 5% to the country’s economy. The machining processes has gone through significant changes in the last decades. Competition has increased drastically to gain more profit. Machining processes are been used widely and attempts have been made to minimize the machining cost and the energy consumption. To achieve sustainability the machining parameters like speed, feed , depth of cut and the coolants used play an important role. Our main focus in this work is to increase the surface integrity and the tool life by making use of minimum resources and attain sustainability in machining to reduce the energy consumption.

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Tool wear monitoring and process in milling of titanium grade5[ ]


Tool wear is a major loss of finance for the industry and a major area of research. With time various studies have been conducted for its research and monitoring so that tool wear can be monitored, predicted and hence controlled. If this is done it would account for saving huge losses incurred to the industry not just in terms of finance but also in terms of time of production and loss of material. This paper discusses the review of tool wear mechanisms, sensors used for monitoring tool wear and optimization techniques.

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A Review on Re-manufacturing of Engine Oil Filter[ ]


As the population of the world is increasing rapidly, it is important to fulfill their needs. To fulfill their needs lots of burden is imposed upon the natural resources which may lead to depletion of those resources and make them extinct in future. So to avoid this situation it is necessary to reuse and recycle this resource. Thus, remanufacturing becomes a very important and useful in such circumstances. Remanufacturing is the rebuilding of a product to specifications of the original manufactured product using a combination of reused, repaired and new parts. It requires the repair or replacement of worn out or obsolete components and modules. This paper gives us brief information about the engine oil filter, its components and its function. The paper mainly focuses on the methodology used to remanufacture the engine oil filter and its performance in normal working conditions.

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXHAUST GAS RESONATOR[ ]


Noise pollution is on the rise with the increasing automobiles. Muffler is an essential component in the automobile which is used to reduce the noise from the engine. In this paper, there is a detailed literature review of papers related to the muffler considering the frequency analysis of the exhaust noise as an important aspect. Design, fabrication and model analysis methods of the muffler are also discussed.

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Selection Of Tube Geometry To Enhance Heat Transfer Rate In Heat Exchanger[ ]


This review focuses on the various researches on CFD analysis and experimental studies in the field of heat exchanger.Different turbulence models available in general purpose commercial CFD tools likes k-ԑ model, K- ω model and K-ω SST models.Shell and Tube Heat exchanger are the basic types of heat exchanger one of the fluids flow through a bundle of tubes enclosed by a shell. The outer fluid is forced through a shell and it flows over the outside surface of the tubes. Such an arrangement is employed where reliability and heat transfer effectiveness. With relate to same to have a maximum heat transfer rate this paper gives various optimal design solutions using computational techniques. To measure the performance of different designs, its model is suitably designed so as to analyze the heat transfer rate. Thermal analysis has been carried out for different design with fluids and on the basis of comparative results is made which one give the best heat transfer rates.

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Design and Development of FDM Based Portable 3D Printer[ ]


Additive manufacturing process or 3d printing process is now becoming more popular because of its advantages over conventional processes. A 3d printer is a machine that create objects out of plastic, nylon like many other materials.3D printers now days available are not so portable and also they are very costly. By analyzing this problem, we are trying to make a portable 3D printer which we can take anywhere easily because of it's briefcase like design. The cost of this printer will be very less compared to other 3D printers. In this printer we are also providing more interfacing options like we can control it through computer or we can send G-codes directly from SD card.

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Thermophoresis and Radiation Effects on MHD Free Convection Flow along a Vertical Plate Immersed in a Porous Medium[ ]


Thermophoresis and thermal radiation effects on Magneto-hydrodynamics steady laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible fluid over a vertical flat plate immersed in a fluid saturated porous medium is studied in this paper. Rosseland approximation for radiative flux is used to model the heat transport phenomena in energy equation. The equations governing the flow concentration and temperature field are reduced to a system of nonlinear differential equations. The resultant equations are then solved numerically using fourth-order Runge–Kutta method with shooting technique. The results are obtained and displayed graphically to elucidate the effect of thermophoresis on the various physical flow parameters.

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Design and Fabrication of Pneumatic Robotic Arm[ ]


This project aims to Design and fabricate pneumatic arm for pick and place of cylindrical objects. The handling of materials and mechanisms to pick and place of objects from lower plane to higher plane and are widely found in factories and industrial manufacturing.There are number of pneumatic arms are available which consists of so many mechanisms hence becomes expensive. The designed pneumatic arm consists of two cylinders, a shaft works with lead screw mechanism capable of converting motion of piston to rotational motion of arm with help of using compressed air. The designed processes are carried out based on integrated information of kinematics dynamics and structural analysis of the desired robot configuration as whole. The highly dynamic pneumatic arm model can be easily set at intermediate positions by regulating the pressure using the flow control valve. It can be used in loading and unloading of goods in a shipping harbour as the movement of goods is done from lower plane to higher plane.

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DESIGN and ANALYSIS of UNAMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE[ ]


UAV is a most rapidly growing sector today with its application ranging from Defense, Surveillance to personal hobbies. A UAV is a radio-controlled Aircraft which will have flying range of 500 meters‘ radius. It can be equipped with a camera which will be useful for surveillance purpose. The UAV can also be used in rescue mission to provide food, medicines and other utility products in areas affected by natural calamities, where it is out of human reach. The UAV‘s are also used by Army and Air force for short missions (e.g. dropping a bomb) in enemy dormitories. The advantage of the same is safety as no human is involved and because of its low cost. Our UAV will be controlled using a radio frequency of 2.4 GHz. The control surfaces will be controlled through servo motors and the engine will be a brushless DC motor connected with an electric speed control and the power source will be Lithium Polymer battery. The key components that will be designed are the Wings, Control Surfaces and the Structure of the Plane.

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A Review Paper On Cooling Ability Of Nanofluids[ ]


Cooling system is one of the important systems of study. It is responsible to carry large amount of heat waste to surroundings. The heat transfer through radiator can be improved by maximizing the heat transfer area and increasing the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient can be increased either by using more efficient heat transfer methods or by improving the thermo physical properties of the heat transfer material i.e. coolant. Earlier, Water was widely used in radiator as a coolant for its good ability to holding heat, transfer heat and can be readily obtained. Also the mixture of water & ethylene glycol later introduced as a coolant. Both of them having certain merits & demerits. With the advancement of nanotechnology, the new generation of heat transfer fluids called, “Nanofluids” have been developed and researchers found that these fluids offer higher thermal conductivity compared to that of conventional coolants. Nanofluids which consist of a carrier liquid, such as water, ethylene glycol dispersed with tiny nano-scale particles known as nanoparticles. This review paper deals with the study and fabrication of the existing cooler modified with a radiator through which refrigerant fluids of nanoparticles are passed.

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Self-Healing Concrete By Bacterial And Chemical Admixtures[ ]


The objective of the present investigation is to compare the best effect of self-healing in concrete. One such thought has led to development of very special concrete known as Bacterial concrete where bacteria of bacillus subtilis (JC3) is used and other known as Super absrobant polymer concrete. The variation in compressive strength with respect to the different dosage was studied. From Scanning Electronic Method (SEM) it was found that pores were partially filled up by material growth due to addition of bacteria and Super absrobant polymer (SAP). Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrum test (EDM) gave us the percentage of calcite present in concrete sample which needed to repair the cracks. Durability study was carried out to determine the resistance offer by the bacteria and SAP mix from aggressive environment. Study reveal that bacterial concrete was more durable. It was also observed there was improvement in split tensile strength for cylinder with addition of bacteria.

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A Review on Design and Development of Jig and Fixture for Circular Welding[ ]


Welding the various parts in manufacturing is very common and popular form of permanent metal joining process. This is widely used in the manufacturing and reworking industries. There are many types of welding available like Arc welding and gas welding to weld different thickness of metal. Welding is very delicate joining process which requires very high skill for fine work.

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Static And Modal Analysis Of Truck Frames[ ]


A study will be carried out to find the characteristics of mode (and vibrational) responses of heavy vehicle chassis subjected to vibrations .The chassis of the truck is modeled in CATIA V5 software and meshing in a Hyper mesh 12 software for carrying out analysis. Further this meshed model is imported to ANSYS and modal analysis is performed. The vibration characteristics (natural frequencies and mode shapes) of a structure or a machine component during free vibration modal analysis are determined by modal analysis. The natural frequency and mode shapes are important parameters in the modal analysis of any component. Mode shapes are obtained by giving suitable conditions with some excited input (frequency).Hence, using Modal analysis defects can be detected and necessary modifications such as change in material, geometry of stiffener, etc. can be made.

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Effect of EPS Beads & Air Entraining Agents on Concrete[ ]


Areated concrete can be produced by introducing air entraining agent, gas forming chemicals and foaming agents. Soft ground arresting system (SGAS) consists of cellular aerated concrete blocks arranged in the form of arresting bed having 15 meter width and 30 meter long. SGAS can be used in case of emergency landing of aircraft on all runways and also can be used on runways which do not have required space for emergency landing due to high costs and space limitation. The objective of this paper is to present the required and measured properties of aerated concrete and whether it can be implemented as an SGAS. Tests like compressive strength, transient high temperature test and plate load test were conducted whether it has ability to withstand support vehicle loadings, while failing underneath loading from an overrunning aircraft. In this Trail Mix design has been developed for concrete with varying dosage of 0.5%, 0.1%, 1.5% in case of synthetic based air entraining agent and 2%, 3%, 4% in case of protein based air entraining agent. The dosage is taken by weight of cement respectively. Expanded poly sterene (EPS) beads less than or equal to 2mm are used in case of coarse aggregate in-order to reduce the density of concrete. The density of concrete was kept below 1600 kg/m³. As per the results obtained it was observed that the density and strength of concrete reduces with increase in percentage of air entraining agent. On the basis of results obtained the synthetic based air entraining agent gave good results by using less percentage of air entraining agent by increasing the strength up to permissible dosage and decreasing the density of concrete. The areated concrete when heated at 105°C, leads to increase in the strength of concrete due to rate of hydration. The same Concrete when heated at temperature 170 °C showed decrease in strength of concrete. Plate load test also indicates that Synthetic based air entraining agent is more optimum in comparison of protein based air entraining agent.

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Analytical Study of Thrust Force for Drilled Composite[ ]


Composites are laminated materials and can be manufactured to achieve required mechanical properties. The delamination is major issue in machining of composites. Due to delamination there is change in mechanical properties of composites. So, the model based on linear elastic facture mechanics, laminated plate theory and mechanics of cutting is used and modified for the case of ellipticity ratio 1.

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Hydrogen as a fuel for automotive engines: A Review[ ]


Literature review of various papers on usage of hydrogen of fuel & its characteristics are discussed in this paper. The main focus is kept on the optimization aspects for stabilization of hydrogen production process and its usage and hence only such research works are included in this work in which the use of advanced techniques like fuel-cell storage & electrolysis generation of hydrogen were involved.

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Design and Analysis of Active Leaning Suspension[ ]


A preferably four wheeled vehicle having tilting characteristics that allows the vehicle to have substantial leaning properties similar to those offered by an inline two wheel vehicle, but that does not require complex linkages or control system to operate effective. We are designing this mechanism in order to increase the cornering safety and stability of the vehicle at high speeds as according to the local survey done riders face difficulty in cornering and controlling the vehicle at high speeds. We are using four linkage mechanism for allowing the vehicle to tilt or lean. These four linkage through two uprights at front and rear while is drive is only given to rear wheels.

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Instrumentation required for formulation of M.R. fluids used for automotive applications[ ]


Magneto-rheological (MR) fluids consist of stable suspensions of magnetic particles in a carrier fluid, usually silicone oil. Magneto-rheological effect represents a reversible increase, due to an external magnetic field of effective viscosity. MR fluids and devices have the potential to revolutionize the design of automotive brakes, actuators, valves, active shock and vibration dampers, and other components used in mechanical systems. New MR fluids need to be developed, because the present ones are either too costly or do not offer substantial benefits over the existing technology. This can be done by lowering their production cost through improved manufacturing processes and by using localized components. Also, the instruments which have to be used for evaluating the properties of the MR Fluids have been covered in detail in this paper.

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Methodology for Optimisation of Raw Material[ ]


The purpose of this paper is to present the importance optimisation of raw material cost in manufacturing industries and identify the factors that influence the selection of proper method or techniques to optimise the raw material cost in various manufacturing industries. The paper discusses the reasons for applying optimisation techniques for raw material cost and problems faced by them during the implementation. The paper begins with an overview of scenario of manufacturing industries, what are the challenges and opportunity in optimisation of raw material cost and its implementation in organisation. The motivating factors for the companies to apply optimisation techniques and challenges faced by companies in implementing techniques are discussed. This paper will direct leaders on what is optimisation of raw material cost? How it is organized? What are the benefits how it is to be monitored? Evaluation and monitoring plays an important role in improving optimisation activities with new implantation for regular problems in manufacturing industries to minimise the raw material cost.

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Review Paper on Plastic Waste Management for Smart City[ ]


Plastic solid waste (PSW) presents challenges and opportunities to societies regardless of their sustainability awareness and technological advances. In this paper, recent progress in the recycling and recovery of PSW is reviewed. A special emphasis is paid on waste generated from polyolefinic sources, which makes up a great percentage of our daily single-life cycle plastic products. The four routes of PSW treatment are detailed and discussed covering primary (re-extrusion), secondary (mechanical), tertiary (chemical) and quaternary (energy recovery) schemes and technologies. Primary recycling, which involves the re-introduction of clean scrap of single polymer to the extrusion cycle in order to produce products of the similar material, is commonly applied in the processing line itself but rarely applied among recyclers, as recycling materials rarely possess the required quality. The various waste products, consisting of either end-of-life or production (scrap) waste, are the feedstock of secondary techniques, thereby generally reduced in size to a more desirable shape and form, such as pellets, flakes or powders, depending on the source, shape and usability. Tertiary treatment schemes have contributed greatly to the recycling status of PSW in recent years. Advanced thermo-chemical treatment methods cover a wide range of technologies and produce either fuels or petrochemical feedstock. Nowadays, non-catalytic thermal cracking (thermolysis) is receiving renewed attention, due to the fact of added value on a crude oil barrel and its very valuable yielded products. But a fact remains that advanced thermo-chemical recycling of PSW (namely polyolefins) still lacks the proper design and kinetic background to target certain desired products and/or chemicals. Energy recovery was found to be an attainable solution to PSW in general and municipal solid waste (MSW) in particular. The amount of energy produced in kilns and reactors applied in this route is sufficiently investigated up to the point of operation, but not in terms of integration with either petrochemical or converting plants. Although primary and secondary recycling schemes are well established and widely applied, it is concluded that many of the PSW tertiary and quaternary treatment schemes appear to be robust and worthy of additional investigation.

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Ground Coupled Heat Exchanger Air-Conditioning System: A Study[ ]


This paper provides a literature survey on “Ground Coupled Heat Exchanger Air-Conditioning System”. The study indicates the use of earth as a heat-sink with an aim of controlling global warming and moving towards a greener air-conditioning technology. Measurements show that the ground temperature below a certain depth remains relatively constant (15 °C-20 °C) throughout the year. This is due to the fact that the temperature fluctuations at the surface of the ground are diminished as the depth of the ground increases because of the high thermal inertia of the soil. The difference in temperature between the outside air and the ground can be utilised as a preheating means in winter and pre-cooling in summer by operating a ground coupled heat exchanger.

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Review Paper on Fabrication of Manually Controlled Drainage Cleaning System[ ]


This paper focuses more on Automation of Drainage Cleaning System. There is a problem of mobility and space, to overcome this problem Automation of the system is necessary. Our concept is to use this in efficient way to control the disposal of wastages and with regular filtration of wastages. Introduction of autonomous vehicle is been done to make the system mobile. The system does require man power only to control the motion of the system.

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Experimental and theoretical investigation of notched specimen under bending loading[ ]


Fatigue is an important parameter to be considered in the behavior of mechanical components subjected to constant and variable amplitude loading. Mechanical, metallurgical and environmental variables can influence the fatigue resistance of a structural component. The number of cycles that a metal can endure before it breaks is a complex function of the static and cyclic stress values, the alloy, heat-treatment and surface condition of the material, the hardness profile of the material, impurities in the material, the type of load applied, the operating temperature, and several other factors. Various materials are subjected to different notch sizes and tested under bending loading for their endurance limit. These results obtained are then compared with their respective theoretical values obtained by The Modified Manson Coffin Curve Method.

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Experimental Investigation Of Cutting Parameters And Optimization Of Lathe Machine Using Lathe Tool Dynamometer Adopting Taguchi Method: A Review[ ]


In this paper an attempt is made to review the literature on optimization of cutting parameters in machining using Taguchi method. The cutting parameters include cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate etc their effect on the surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, tool wear. Surface roughness is used to determine and evaluate the quality of a final product. In order to get better surface finish, the proper setting of cutting parameters is crucial before the process takes place. So it becomes important for the manufacturing industry to find the suitable levels of process parameters for obtaining desired surface roughness.

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Numerical Model Study of Dispersion of Hot Water from Dahanu Thermal Power Station[ ]


Thermal power plants require considerable amount of water for condenser cooling and the heated water is usually discharged into nearby water bodies such as lake, dam reservoir or coastal areas through suitable outfalls. If the hot water discharged in the water body enters the intake, the cooling water temperature significantly increases, thereby reducing the efficiency of the power plant. The study of the temperature distribution in the receiving waters after the heated discharge is let out helps to choose optimum sites of intake and outfall so that adequate cooling water can be obtained with minimum recirculation. Physical model study for coastal areas is often expensive, time-consuming, labour–intensive and requires large space and water. Hence Numerical Model Study is often preferred. It is essential to check whether the BIS standard of the variable about hot water dispersion in coastal area are fulfilled or violated. If they are violation then applicable solutions need to be suggested. Dahanu, a industrial town in Maharashtra State, India has a thermal power station, which uses sea water for cooling the condenser. The hot water is discharged back into the sea. Numerical model study of mixing zone dispersion and dilution of temperature in the area of existing cooling water intake and hot water outfall has been developed for estimating the temperature dispersion in this region. There are three alternatives including existing intake and outfall was carried out for the outfall locations for the feasibility of the relocation of outfall due to the existing outfall is working with slight temperature increase is entering in to the intake. To avoid the hot water at the intake, the proposed locations were tested using mathematical modelling techniques. MIKE21 HD and ECOLAB modules were used to find out suitable location in the vicinity of offshore region and south side of the creek for more dispersion and dilution of hot water in the sea. After the studies, it concluded that the south side of the creek say about 2 km from the creek is more suitable compared to other outfall locations. The recommended outfall location is suggested from the present studies for more dilution and dispersion of hot water in the coastal environment.

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Effect of angle of abduction and illumination level on performance in a human-machine interaction environment[ ]


An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the human performance in the context of human-machine interaction environment. It was observed that both the illumination level and an angle of abduction have significant effect on human performance when workers work in human-machine interaction environment.

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Gas turbine blade leading edge film cooling[ ]


Throughout the design process, our team decided we wanted to design this turbine in such a way that, if damaged or redesigned, we could easily swap out parts. Not only was this characteristic especially useful for us as designers, but we figured that a real world turbine that is easy to assemble/disassemble would also be easy to repair. In the event of a blade getting broken or a part being worn, the ability to disassemble and reassemble the turbine in a matter of minutes would be especially useful and appreciated by maintenance workers. We believe that this motivation is evident in our design. To reduce high temperatures, high stresses, and a potential environment of high vibration on blades. To reduce blade failures which are potentially destroying the blade. To increase the blade life. To increase the gas turbine plant life.

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Sustainable Manufacturing: Integrating Lean and Green[ ]


The adoption of lean and green operational practices and independently the uptake of business practices related to sustainability and corporate social responsibility continues to grow. Past research has hinted at relationships between these two areas – suggesting that “lean is green”. The lean mantra of waste reduction and “doing more with less” is immediately apparent as delivering environmental benefits and has formed the basis of past research. Almost all research linking lean and green operations to sustainability issues have focused exclusively on environmental impact. The purpose of this paper is to explore the broader sustainability benefits of lean and green operations

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Knowledge Management[ ]


Knowledge Management is the key to survival of organizations in such an advanced economy. This paper highlights the importance of Knowledge Management by use of integrating knowledge management into Manufacturing and Quality Management thereby reducing costs, improving quality and overall process in order to ensure optimum utilization of available resources. Various techniques such as Six Sigma, PDCA, and DMAIC have been discussed in this paper with integration of Knowledge Management for ensuring better implementation and improved quality practices

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Thermal barrier coating on IC Engine Piston to improve Engine efficiency[ ]


The piston is considered as most important part of I.C engine. High temperature produced in an I.C engine may contribute to high thermal stresses. Without appropriate heat transfer mechanism, the piston crown would operate ineffectively which reduce life cycle of piston and hence mechanical efficiency of engine. The literature survey shows that ideal piston consumes heat produced by burnt gases resulting in decrease of Engine overall Efficiency. In this project work an attempt is made to redesign piston crown using TBC on piston surface and to study its Performance. A 150 cc engine is considered and TBC material with different thickness is coated on the piston. 3D modeling of the piston geometry is done 3D designing software Solidworks2015. Finite Element analysis is used to calculate temperature and heat flux distribution on piston crown. The result shows TBC as a coating on piston crown surface reduces the heat transfer rate within the piston and that will results in increase of engine efficiency. Results also show that temperature and heat flux decreases with increase in coating thickness of YSZ.

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ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR[ ]


Population growth, the modernization of lifestyles, higher electrification rates and rapidly growing gross domestic product (GDP) in India drive a large increase in energy demand and put pressure on the security, reliability and affordability of energy supply, all of which are strongly linked to economic stability and development. Energy consumption in Industrial sector is on a rise with increase in GDP but as energy is itself not only costly to produce but the resources used in producing energy are scarce it is important to ensure that various steps are taken in Industries in order to conserve energy while improving productivity.

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Review of Machining on Composite and Connected Optimisation Techniques[ ]


This paper provides an associate comprehensive review of the literature, principally from the past decade, on optimization techniques of composite materials machining, each conventional and non-conventional process. Composite materials are regularly replacement conventional materials because of their wonderful corrosion resistance, higher strength to weight quantitative relation, however, the machining of composites may be a challenging method. Experimental trials all the same, researchers have also used numerous optimization techniques like Taguchi technique, Grey relation analysis, Response Surface technique, and fuzzy logic with analysis of variance etc., to spot the optimum parameters for the machining processes. Also, predictive modeling techniques like Artificial Neural Networks has also been used as optimization tools for studying the composite machining method. It had been found that Taguchi technique is that the most popular technique within the optimization studies.

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GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE[ ]


This paper reviews the published literature associated with six –sigma and lean six-sigma. The paper shows that however, the methodology changes with the dynamic trend and competition. Nowadays, the pressure of competition from multi-national firms had raised and among them is the automotive industry. it's the impact when the amount of competition is intensifying because the manufactured vehicles shifts from being national to international. As a part of competition, the necessary of understanding the implementation of LSS thought is really helpful to be a good competitor. The review offers why the industries fail to implement as well however they can overcome it

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A review on applications of iron based shape memory in civil engineering[ ]


Shape memory alloy is one of the popular metals that have the sensual properties. The traditional building materials like brick, stone, concrete, timber, steel, etc. are incoherent as they are incompetence to feel their neighboring and modify themselves. A basic description of highly non-linear material behavior in terms of shape memory effect, pseudoelasticity, austenite, martensite and its damping behavior and changeable stiffness is explained. It is followed by a brief introduction to Ni-Ti and Fe-Mn-Si SMA’s. Previous and new applications related to active vibration control, damping and prestressing or posttensioning of structures including tendons and fibers. SMA is frequently used as braces in frame structures, as self –rehabilitating structures. SMA is used in association with FRP as reinforcement in concrete structures to constrain the deflection. SMA-FRP bars have more power to improve the ductility and energy dissipation capability of concrete structures compared to conventional FRP bars. Moreover, the relatively high costs and difficulty in retaining posttensioning forces when using some types of SMA’s are named. In this regard is Fe-Mn-Si-Cr discussed as future low cost SMA and alternative to the expensive Ni-Ti-based SMAs. Finally, new ideas for using iron based SMA’s in civil engineering structures as an upgraded concept for the active confinement of concrete members. This paper presents the introduction of iron based shape memory alloys to the civil engineers of the world and appeal them to contribute to their wider use in civil engineering structures.

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Nonlinear Seismic Performance Analysis and Vulnerability Assessment of Existing Structure in Mumbai Region - An Overview[ ]


This paper deals with overview of nonlinear seismic performance analysis and vulnerability assessment of existing structure in Mumbai region. The earthquake in the Indian subcontinent has severe damages, the ductility of building is main issue for all the structures. In such cases, seismic performance analysis and vulnerability assessment of existing structures have become an extremely important. In order to avoid collapse of structure during earthquake ground motion, the absorption and dissipation of kinetic energy developed by earthquake is necessary. Vulnerability analysis can be carried out for buildings, essential facilities, lifelines etc. Fragility functions (or curves) are extremely important for estimating the overall risk to the civil infrastructure from potential earthquakes and for predicting the economic impact of future earthquakes. They can also be very useful for emergency response and disaster planning by a national authority, as well as insurance companies that wish to estimate the overall loss after a scenario earthquake. Nonlinear seismic performance analysis is carried out by using various software such as SAP2000, ETABS, STAADPRO, DRAIN-2DX, OPEN sees, Seismostruct, etc.

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Critical Study on Transparent Concrete[ ]


Construction of high rise buildings and sky scrapers leads to the obstruction of natural light in buildings. Due to this problem, use of artificial light has increased in large amount. Thus, it becomes necessary to reduce artificial light consumption in structure. This leads to the introduction of innovative concrete, Transparent concrete. Transparent concrete is fiber reinforced concrete which is used for aesthetical application by inserting the optical fibers in concrete. Both natural as well as artificial light passes through the transparent concrete due to optical fibers. The study is not only constrained with the decorative purpose but the effect of fiber application in strength aspect is also discussed. Load carrying capacity of transparent concrete increases when fibers are arranged in different layers and also various pattern can be created to make the concrete decorative. This concrete can be used in interiors of hall, lobby and ceiling to glow in dark by external lighting source and in day time it glows by the light transmission from natural resources. This paper presents the study on addition of waste glass with optical fiber in transparent concrete.

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Entrepreneurship for Women in GCC[ ]


This paper discusses strategies and policies which could help to create an enabling environment for women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in GCC. The women have started taking an active role in a primarily male dominated Saudi society. In the recently concluded municipal elections women candidates sprung a surprise by winning decent number of seats. The authors aim to provide a set of practical recommendations to promote sustainable growth of entrepreneurial activities and enterprises owned by women. Empowering women has become one of the major focuses for development of the Kingdom. When a woman moves forward, she helps in advancing the family, the community and the nation. Therefore, improving the economic empowerment of women is highly called for. This paper focuses and provides an insight into the meaning, qualities required for a women entrepreneur, opportunities and challenges faced by them. The study concludes with recommendations to promote a supporting environment for women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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Relative Study of Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storey Composite and Irregular Structure[ ]


Several non-linear static and dynamic analysis of structure have been developed in recent years. This paper discusses and compare those measures that have been implemented for the dynamic analysis of composite and irregular structures. Steelconcrete composite arrangements for structures are designed by connecting the steel structural member to the concrete member. In present study, a multi-storey composite and irregular structure for seismic analysis has been studied for various different software’s like STAAD-PRO and ETABS for different seismic zones in India. Also studied the collapse simulation and analysis using the finite element based software named ANSYS. This study comprises of different irregularity responses due to plan and vertical irregularity. The comparative parameter studied, includes; base shear, storey drifts for the structure, shear forces and bending moments for column’s and beams at different level.

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Comprehensive Wind Analysis Of Stress Ribbon Bridge[ ]


A stressed ribbon bridge (also known as stress-ribbon bridge or catenary bridge) is primarily a structure under tension. The tension cables form the part of the deck which follows an inverted catenary between supports. The ribbon is stressed such that it is in compression, thereby increasing the rigidity of the structure where as a suspension spans tend to sway and bounce. Such bridges are typically made RCC structures with tension cables to support them. Such bridges are generally not designed for vehicular traffic but where it is essential, additional rigidity is essential to avoid the failure of the structure in bending. A stress ribbon bridge of 45 meter span is modelled and analyzed using ANSYS version 12. For simplicity in importing civil materials and civil cross sections, Civil FEM version 12 add-on of ANSYS was used. A 3D model of the whole structure was developed and analyzed and according to the analysis results, the design was performed manually. A comprehensive wind analysis was performed under IRC 6 guidelines for the bridge for spans 45m, 50m, 55m and 60m. Further, depth optimization was performed 45m span for the wind zone located in Mumbai (Zone III)

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Evaluation of seismic response of a building with soft story[ ]


Open ground story buildings have become a very common feature in multistory constructions in urban India to facilitate the parking requirements. Even though such buildings were found to be vulnerable to earthquake shaking during past earthquakes, their construction is still carried out widely. Such buildings exhibit stiffness irregularity due to absence of infills in the open ground story. This sudden reduction in stiffness causes higher stresses to be concentrated at the ground story columns leading to its failure. This study mainly aims at studying the effect of introducing a soft story in a building. For this three different models of G+15 RC building are being modeled and analyzed in ETABS software using response spectrum method. The stiffness contribution of the infill walls is being considered in the analysis by modeling them as equivalent diagonal struts pinned at both its end. The building is considered to be located on a medium (Type II) soil profile. The behavior of soft storied building is compared with a fully infilled frame building in terms of seismic responses such as modal time period, story stiffness, lateral displacement and story drifts. Also various column forces such as axial, shear, bending moment and torsional moment of the open first story of soft storied building were compared to the forces of first story columns of fully infilled frame building. Also the change in seismic responses as we move from zone III to zone V is evaluated. From the above study, it is found that introduction of soft story poses a threat to life during earthquake shaking.

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Design Improvement and Structural Optimization of an Motorcycle Disc Brake[ ]


Design of a disk brake rotor is essential factor for break performance in motorcycle. In this paper a motorcycle disk brake is studied for design improvement of rotor. Optimization of rotor of disk brake is carried out using “shape optimization” tool in ANSYS 15.0. After determination of the possible area for material removal, the behavior of modified rotor design is analyzed under same boundary conditions as for previous design.

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Design and Analysis of Smart Automobile[ ]


As the technological advancement are made keeping in mind sustainable manufacturing and environmental concern there is need for a car which is eco-friendly as well as having better safety measures. Automobile engineers have undertaken various measures and improvements which are done, but one of the aspect which is not given that much importance is tyres .The conventional tyres are rubber made which results in pollution in both making and decomposing. So we are trying to make Honeycomb structured Non-pneumatic Tyres (NPT) using Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), which are eco-friendly at the same time doesn’t compromise with the properties of the tire. As well as to reduce the weight of vehicle the chassis is made from Chromoly Steel which is stiffer than normal steel but at same time light weight. With these the smart automobile model is incorporated with features such as Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication to communicate with other vehicles and road infrastructure to assist driver, cruise control system which controls speed of vehicle, ambient intelligence system which will detect drivers state(stress, fatigue, inattention) to improve drivers safety, solar panels to power the motors.

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Warehouse Management: A study of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)[ ]


This paper on Warehouse covers the importance of Warehouse management system in Saudi Arabia. The authors also focus on how structured approach and technology play an important role in the modern world in enhancing the performance and efficiency of warehouse management to manage and handle inventories which lead to proactive management of supply chain management process. In this research paper, we discuss the basics of warehouse management and its implementation along with failures which are associated with warehouse management system and then we move to study of warehouses to understand the problems they were facing and how they handle those issues using warehouse management system, at the end of paper we conclude us discuss by giving recommendation about proactive management of Warehouse Management systems. Some warehouse management examples of Saudi Arabia are also shared in this paper.

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Review on Steel Industry in India: Potential & Technologies for Reduction of CO2 emissions[ ]


Steel Industry is complex and highly pollution intensive. Way ahead, the sector is growing rapidly, so at every stage of steel making, better efficiency and pollution control is inevitable. Indian steel sector is a strong element of the Indian economy. Since its commercial beginning, the industry has come a long way to reach a production. Indian Steel sector is one of highest energy consuming and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitting industry designated as one of the 17 highly polluting industries in India. This paper summarizes recent developments Potential & Technologies for reduction of CO2 emissions. Modernization & Technological up gradation of the existing plants to phase out old/ obsolete/ energy inefficient/ polluting production facilities.

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INTRODUCTION TO NFRC AND REVIEW OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HEMP FIBER AND HEMP /PP COMPPSITE : EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENT[ ]


This review article introduced about natural fiber reinforced composite (NFRC) and also study of mechanical properties and effect of surface treatment on hemp fiber and hemp PP composites. In this article we studied about natural fiber, their properties, composition and application in automobile as well as hemp fiber’s properties and properties after chemical surface treatment.

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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF IMPACT ENERGY ABSORBING BUMPER[ ]


With the new inventions in technology, automotive sector has been growing rapidly. Also road accidents and mishaps have increased remarkably. According to the report by Ministry of Urban Development 2013, 47% of accidents in Delhi took place with pedestrian as victims and 33% in Vadodara. For the pedestrian and occupant safety, the design of bumper is one the main consideration. The objective of this work is to design and develop a shock absorbing bumper for M1 category of vehicle for better safety which is easy to manufacture, environment friendly and cost effective. The different energy absorbing materials are tried such as honeycomb, foam and compressive structures to reduce the transfer of impact force under collision. The modelling of bumper is done in CATIA and simulation is carried out by using ANSYS Explicit Dynamics Tool. After the fabrication, the testing is performed as per standard. The result shows reduction in the impact energy with energy absorber.

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