International Conference on Materials, Mechanics and Management during the period 17-19, December, 2014

"2014 Conference Papers of Architecture "

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Relationship between Damaged Urban Fabric and Deprivation[ ]


The paper starts with the background of segregation within a city (Glasgow, UK) based on inequality gap followed by the generation of different types of deprivation as a consequence. For the initial analysis location of deprived areas closer to City Centre (Inner City1) are mapped and the obtained pattern is carefully observed. The pattern is then compared with other equally deprived UK Cities such as Manchester and Liverpool. Based on the inference hypothesis is framed that there is a relationship between damaged urban fabric and deprivation. The research then progressed by developing the better understanding about both the variables that made up the hypothesis and followed by analysis. Also, inter dependence amongst the types or domains of multiple deprivations are analyzed to see if direct impact on one can impact the others indirectly. Subsequently, the paper advances the hypothesis by dividing the involved variables into their sub-parts and analyzing them with each other to see if there is any relationship that exists amongst them. Further, the relationship which is obtained through the analysis [between the variables (sub-parts)] is tested in the selected cities to authenticate the hypothesis if the result duplicates or to refute the relationship if the result fails. Based on the analysis and followed by testing the relationships obtained with the help of case study, certain generalizations are made and it was found that there is a relationship between damage urban fabric and few types of deprivation.

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Factors Behind The Formation Of Vibrant Complexity In The Slum Environment[ ]


The constant increase in Urban Slums during last few decades has become a serious concern for many countries across the globe. This can be seen as a parallel expansion along with the sudden & unexpected growth in Urbanization. Even after continuous efforts of Rehabilitation and improvement, the problems associated with it has been continuously growing and have now reached to an alarming stage in many fast developing economies such as India. Though, we cannot deny that situation here (India) has improved by the earlier efforts but unarguably they have not been substantial or appreciable and the problem is continuously increasing. This has generated a need for the better understanding of existing situation (Slum) before suggesting the proposals for their improvement. The paper, therefore, aims at understanding & identifying the factors that plays a key role in the overall working mechanism for such settlements. It begins with the development of basic hypothesis that it is the regeneration of that active and dynamic life of the original settlement into the improved surroundings which is necessary to increase the probability of success for rehabilitation projects. For the identification of most accurate factors, two different slums from different cities were selected and a survey in the form of a questionnaire was carried out.

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Planning Strategies for the Development of Peri-Urban Area[ ]


The intention of the study is to study the rapid physical development process operating in the rural-urban fringe area outside Indore Municipal Corporation in absence of a statutory Development Plan. The study is carried out for the peri urban area of Indore city looking to the pressure of physical development on the south-east area of Indore and variables changing like Demographic pattern, Land use and Infrastructure. So, it is significant to study the appropriate strategies of planning and management to solve the problems for future development.

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Acoustic Evaluation of Vernacular School Buildings in Kerala[ ]


This paper aims at an acoustical evaluation of Vernacular school buildings in Kollam. The two acoustic parameters, background noise levels and reverberation time has been studied and measured scientifically to assess the quality of learning environment. The measured values were compared to the acoustical recommendations of Indian standards. The study of one of the schools is presented in detail. The finding of the study reveals the lack of acoustic comfort in school environments especially in classrooms and points out the need for intervention.

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Performance studies of anidolic concentrator with light pipes for day lighting in buildings[ ]


Performance of conventional vertical light pipes with acrylic domes is highly dependent on the sky condition where efficiency is low for overcast sky condition. Anidolic concentrators are suited for day lighting applications in overcast sky due to non imaging optics. This paper intends to assess the performance of an anidolic concentrator designed with an acceptance angle of 60° in the geographical location of Chennai. The light output of the concentrator is assessed in varying solar altitude angles in a day. Performance assessment of the concentrator with a model light pipe was done with overcast and clear sky conditions and with high and low solar altitude angles in different times of the day and in a year. It was inferred that by designing an anidolic concentrator with an acceptance angle suited for a range of solar altitude angle in a day of a location, day lighting to the interiors in clear and overcast sky is possible. The design of the anidolic concentrator can differ for high latitude and low latitude regions by varying its acceptance angle.

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Critical analysis of the density zoning proposed for Thiruvananthapuram city[ ]


In 2012, the draft Master Plan for Thiruvananthapuram Corporation 2031 proposed a density zoning for the city. The research question is whether the proposed density zoning is apt or not. A critical analysis of the density zoning proposed in the Master Plan is the broad aim of the study, for which a detailed analysis of the population density, existing land use and built up density was done. It was found that the proposed densities vary from the achievable maximum in each zone and hence the proposed density zoning needs revision. However the zoning was found to be correct as it precisely groups the regions with the same trends of population density, land use and built up density.

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Critical analysis of the density zoning proposed for Thiruvananthapuram city[ ]


In 2012, the draft Master Plan for Thiruvananthapuram Corporation 2031 proposed a density zoning for the city. The research question is whether the proposed density zoning is apt or not. A critical analysis of the density zoning proposed in the Master Plan is the broad aim of the study, for which a detailed analysis of the population density, existing land use and built up density was done. It was found that the proposed densities vary from the achievable maximum in each zone and hence the proposed density zoning needs revision. However the zoning was found to be correct as it precisely groups the regions with the same trends of population density, land use and built up density.

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The role of Environmental Audit tools in the measurement of physical characteristics of Streets[ ]


Researchers in Spatial Planning and Design often encounter with the problem of measurement of complex and dynamic physical settings with changing actors. Many types of environmental audit tools are developed for different contexts. The use of such tools for environment behavior studies in urban settings, especially streets is discussed in this paper.

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Need for More Public Recreation Places in Thiruvananthapuram City[ ]


Recreational facilities have been always given emphasis in city planning as it contributes to the development of stable communities. Conservation or creation of large open spaces in a city for recreational purpose can also protect natural and cultural features. At the same time in Thiruvananthapuram city the pressures of urban intensification and related issues potentially resulted in the loss of environmental quality and open lands and this issue need attention. There exists an urgent need to retain and generate recreation spaces as needed by the existing and future generation of the population of Thiruvananthapuram. This paper looks into the possibility of generating a recreational corridor along the Parvathy Puthanar Canal in Thiruvananthapuram city in the context of National Waterway- III project.

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Urban Land Management and Planning[ ]


Land has always been the prime resources for planning and development of any area. Land is such a resource, which is constant and cannot be created. Therefore the importance of optimum usage of land in a developing city is obvious. The main challenge of physical planners is the proper and effective land use planning with the allocation of all the physical and social amenities for existing and the growing population of the area and its hinterlands. Land pooling reconstitution and other associated techniques are appropriate urban land management tools.

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Urban streets and nodes : A case of Bangalore[ ]


Urban design has the greatest impact on the city’s physical environment and quality of life. It is the three-dimensional combination of forms and spaces as seen in time and over time that defines the character of any urban area. Public realm consists of those places to which everybody has access, although this access may be controlled at times. This includes outdoor spaces such as streets, squares, nodes, parks. Etc. The city is indeed and will continue to be a collage of parts, some distinctive and others a mélange. What is imperative is that, cities provide a rich set of behavioral opportunities and aesthetic displays that augment the lives of all people who constitute it.

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Need for tourism infrastructure development in Alappuzha[ ]


This paper intends to bring about the need to bring about tourism infrastructure development in Alappuzha so as to enhance tourist arrivals and revenue there by bringing about local economic development. Strategies are proposed to enhance tourist arrivals and upgrade tourism infrastructure from the inferences arrived at from primary and secondary studies.

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Urban Land and Built Space Management[ ]


The urban built space management in India is a Pandora’s Box for the authorities and planning professionals. The interventions without comprehending the situation has enhanced dichotomy, negated equity in access to urban land, promoted formation of slums, and intensified the development related problems. The functional aspects of urban area are neglected in urban built space management. Social equity, one of the sustainability aspects of development process is not being addressed in urban land management. The affordability of all sections of society has to be addressed to ensure equity and inclusiveness which are inevitable for sustainable development. This paper tries to critically review the urban built space regulations in the background of sustainability perspectives of urban planning and development.

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Understanding the Micro and Macro structures of a more sustainable city as conceptualised by Hilderbrand Frey[ ]


Sustainability of a city is usually expressed in terms of efficiency of energy usage, public transport systems, waste disposal systems and quality of life of inhabitants of the city. The city structure as a point of reference for the sustainability of a city has not been explored much. Hilderbrand Frey in his book “Designing the city: Towards a more sustainable urban form (1999)” has taken up certain models of city structure and analyzed these models with respect to predefined indicators of sustainability. This paper attempts to follow that particular study and derive how the models of city structure can contribute to the sustainability of a city. The indicators of sustainability of a city were summed up as: Degree of containment of development, access to services and facilities, environmental conditions, potential for social mix and local autonomy, degree of adaptability, sense of place and centrality. The overall dimensions of four selected city models catering to two different population sizes were derived. Findings of the study points out that regardless of the population size some of the models show similar characteristics in quantitative aspects and changes across models are more evident in qualitative aspects.

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Renovation of Sattankulangarai Narasimhamoorthy Temple-A Case study[ ]


Kerala the land of temples, ‘the Gods own country’, exhibits a unique and simple style of architecture. The Kerala temple architecture has its roots in ‘Vastusastra’ which is not a religion document but a scientific treatise. The temple architecture is considered as a science of scale and proportion. It is a product of Bakthi cult starting from the dawn of 9th century and received a fillip during the age of Kulasekharas as a part of the activity connected with popularisation of Hinduism. The long unbroken chain of Kerala kings who were the protectors of the Hindu religion was much involved in the construction of temples and its renovation. The contributions of the rulers were strong and solid. Sattankulangarai Narasimhamoorthy temple, an embellishment in wood crafts of Central Travancore is located at Chengannoor in Alappuzha district.

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A study on issues of inter - state migrant labourers in India[ ]


In a developing country like India with exploding population, increasing urbanization rate & regional disparities in development, the availability of adequate housing has been of great concern in the past few decades. Various housing policies, schemes & programmes were formulated in the past, but these policies & programmes never addressed housing issues of floating population who has a short period of stay at their destination, which worsened their situation creating unhygienic living conditions. Every individual has the right to adequate housing which is a basic requirement for one’s survival, hence issues regarding rising housing demands in the country is a matter to ponder on. The floating population as mentioned refers to the migrant labourers belonging to Low Income Group (LIG) or Economically Weaker Section (EWS) of the society who migrate from one state to the other in search of better jobs, facilities & better quality of life. The following paper discusses on socio- economic background & housing issues faced by low income Inter- State Migrant (ISM) labourers working in construction sector in India.

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A model for Low Carbon Campus in Kerala[ ]


At present, it is found that the world temperature is reaching a level that has not been seen in thousands of years. The nations were generally worried about climate change impacts and global warming and they started some regulation and direction on this issue. So International discussions have been focused on how the world community must reduce carbon emissions 60% by the year 2050 and the most prominent step in the direction of low carbon power was signed in 1997 under KYOTO PROTOCOL.

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Remedial measures for flash flood in Trivandrum city[ ]


Flash flood is a type of flood. Trivandrum city is prone to flash-flood for several years. No suitable mitigation measures were implemented successfully, till to date. This area is in low lying area.Water comes from high land area to this low lying area.Conversion of low lying area to built up area cause obstruction to free runoff water.This paper deals with finding the causes and impacts of flash flood at Thampanoor and East fort area. Suitable mitigation strategies are also provided.

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Evidence based design in hospitals[ ]


Poor hospital design leads to patient and staff stress and an overall decrease in the health care efficiency. ‘Evidence based design is the process of basing decisions about the built environment on credible research to achieve the best possible outcomes’ (The Center for Health Design, 2008). Evidence indicates that well-designed physical settings play an important role in making hospitals safer and more healing for patients, and better places for staff to work. Design of single inpatient rooms over multi bed rooms, acuity adaptable rooms, proper decentralised nurse stations, effective acoustics, appropriate lighting, better ergonomic design and positive distractions are the main areas of intervention in evidence based research related literature in hospital design. This paper reviews the literature on this relatively new field of design in spatial analysis of hospital areas like lobby area, patient rooms, nurse stations and positive distraction areas. The paper also attempts to establish the relevance of evidence based design methods in hospital design in India.

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A Study on Visibility Analysis of Urban Landmarks[ ]


Urban experience is a sequential process and the cumulative effect of sequence of views is critical in it. Kinaesthetic experience of moving through space is an important part of visual dimension of urban environment. Urban landmarks are the primary elements of a city’s image. Landmarks are very useful in orienting the observers in a city and providing memorable experience. Visibility and legibility of urban landmarks are important in orientation and increasing the potential depth and intensity of human experience in a city.

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The need for pluralistic spaces in the contemporary individualistic world[ ]


Despite the fact that the multidimensional values of pluralistic spaces in the public and private domain constitute the core of urban sustainability,their importance is not adequately addressed in the context of developing countries.Rapid urbanization always demand for the deprival of open spaces.What needs to explored is the likelihood of the loss of pluralistic spaces due to rapid urbanization, changing urban lifestyles and culture and technological advancements,particularly in the context of developing country like India.This study is basically focusing on the context of Kerala which is a clear cut example of getting individualistic over the past couple of years. The extent of parks and open spaces in the urban areas of Kerala is far below the standard norms.

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Wayfinding in Theme Parks[ ]


This paper aim to examine the complexity human wayfinding process in theme parks pertaining to architectural built environment. As a measure architectural factors like site planning, path configuration, nodes, landmarks and legilbity are studied in chosen theme parks. The present study is undertaken at Wonderla Amusement Park in Kochi, Dream World Water Theme Park in Athirappilly and Silver Storm Water Theme Park in Athirappilly. Also literature studies were undertaken in Disney World Magic Kingdom in Florida, Universal Studios in Singapore and Epcot Theme Park in Florida. A key finding indicates that the configuration of circulation path and the spatial organization in relation to the path plays a major role in the experience of the visitor. Outcomes from this study will benefit designers, policy makers and theme park managers to plan or manage wayfinding system in theme park for conveniences.

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Patterns Of City Making[ ]


What is a city? A city is not the outcome of a single person’s decision nor is it a simplified version of an optimum transportation network. It is a complex system with many interacting sub-units on many different levels of scale, each working out within itself a ‘self-sufficient’ module connected with the whole with various networks that instead of isolating the sub-units reinforce the functional ‘wholeness’ of each. (Christopher Alexander, Nature of order) Complex large scale wholes can only work as an outcome of tightly interacting sub-units. In a city made of geometric modules simplified to bring about ‘crisp’ and ‘coherent’ plans, the depth of small scale interactions between the sub-units and many cases the presence of such varied scale of units in itself is lost in the Gaussian understanding of contemporary urbanism. The paper explains how a city evolved from its historic antecedent has much more interlinked patterns within its complexity that contributes to the cities ‘liveability’ and ‘imageabilty’ rather than the simplistic isolated patterns within a planned city.

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Redefining Cultural Identity Through Architecture[ ]


The culture and architecture are two interlinked concepts that help man to evoke identity as an individual and a social being. Existing studies reveal that a person’s or a community’s identity in a particular setting can be expressed through architecture. It is possible to create spaces with differences in spatial organization, street pattern, landscaping features, etc., according to the lifestyles, beliefs, rituals and customs of the inhabitants which finally becomes the identity of that particular place. But what happens to the identity of a place when all the inhabitants are migrants who left their homeland for better education or job opportunities and settled in a location where all social -cultural aspects are different from theirs? This paper explores how the Architecture evokes the identity of five different migrant communities in Fort Cochin and Mattancherry, Kerala, without affecting the indigenous style of the location and the character of the total setting.

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