International Conference on Materials, Mechanics and Management during the period 17-19, December, 2014

"2014 Conference Papers of Mechanical "

Pages   [1] [2] [3]
 

Data Envelopment Analysis based Benchmarking for Road Transport Corporations: A Case Study[ ]


Benchmarking is a improvement technique essential in the case where similar organizations are functioning for satisfying the customers in a profitable way but delivering it with different efficiency. Here the performances of Road Transport Corporations (RTC’s) are compared and a generalized methodology is formulated using the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This is the first attempt for a DEA study on performance of road transport corporations that is carried out in two stages ie financial analysis stage and operational analysis stage. For the purpose of analysis three Road Transport Corporation in South India where selected. In which Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) is regularly hitting the headlines with the reports of huge financial loss every year. The nearby Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) and Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) are performing extremely opposite by making huge profits. Various variables concerning the efficiency of transport corporations where identified first to carry out Financial statement analysis and operational analysis by framing two general mathematical model. This case study pinpoints the areas where Kerala SRTC needs to concentrate to improve its standard. Although the focus of this paper is in the above three corporations, much of the approach can be generalized for any number of transport corporation in any context for the purpose of benchmarking. The work can also be viewed as the initial step for framing Theory of Constraints based strategies for the transport corporations.

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A Study On The Effect Of Market And Stock Specific Factors On Investment Behavior Of Investors In Indian Context[ ]


Investment refers to the employment of funds to assets with the aim of achieving additional income or growth in value over a given period of time. The art of investment tries to maximise the return with minimum risk which is inherent in all investments. As the stock prices are governed random walk hypothesis, it is highly unpredictable. knowledge of factors that contribute to the movement in stock prices is worth analysing for all segments of investors as the investment decisions will have major impact on the investor's future well being.This paper tries to unearth the relation between important market parameters by analysing the data relating to Bombay Stock Exchange"

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Digital Human Modeling Approach In Ergonomic Design And Evaluation - A Review[ ]


Digital Human Models (DHMs) are becoming an effective tool for ergonomics design and analysis. The use of DHM reduces the product design and manufacturing task cycle times by eliminating the production prototypes. In the first part of the paper traditional ergonomic assessment methods such as predetermined time standard methods (PTS) and analytical methods are discussed. In DHM based design of products and work station, anthropometry is one of the most important aspects to be considered in the initial phase of the design process. Different databases were incorporated in DHMs to choose the size and shape of the manikins in simulation process. In every ergonomics DHM, inverse kinematics principle which is the principle behind the working of robotic arm are using for posturing the manikin. The article discusses various works which describes the DHM based ergonomics design and analysis. DHM software, such as Jack, RAMSIS, SAMMIE,CATIA- DELMIA, AnyBody and the UM-3DSSP are discussed in the paper. Limitations in current DHM models are also discussed.

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Comparison of Agility in Process Industries using Agility Attributes: A Case Study[ ]


In recent years, demand pattern of customers are changing rapidly due to requirement of customized products in wide ranges and varieties. In order to meet this volatility in demand patterns, the industries must be agile enough to respond to these changes quickly. Agility is the approach that can be applied to deal with these challenges of volatility in the modern market conditions successfully. The main aim of agility is to achieve organizational flexibility during changing situations and opportunities and thus organization can withstand and handle the external or internal turbulent conditions. Agility of organizations depends upon certain attributes or factors called agility attributes that are difficult to describe because of its multidimensionality and vagueness of its concept. In this work,ten agility attributes are considered based on which, a questionnaire is prepared and survey is conducted in two process industries. Based on the responses, agility attributes are ranked using its mean value calculated for both process industries separately. The agility of two process industries are also compared using mean values of agility attributes calculated and found out to be similar in both industries. Finally the least agile attributes are pointed out for both process industries and thus industries can improve its agility by concentrating on these least agile areas..

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PSU Employees Acceptance of e-Procurement based on Revised Technology Acceptance Model[ ]


Supplier management is one of the key issues of supply chain management because the cost of raw materials and component parts constitute the main cost of a product and most of the firms spend considerable amount of their sales revenues on purchasing. The Internet has greatly facilitated the globalization of the competitive business arena especially in the era of B2B ecommerce.One element of B2B e-commerce is electronic procurement (e-procurement), which is the focus of this study. Business organizations face a more complex and competitive environment than ever before in the internet era. The buyers and suppliers need to become more integrated and information systems will become the platform for integrated supply chain management. So automation of a firm’s procurement process, eprocurement, is becoming increasingly recognized for its ability to improve business operations. Government of India (GoI) has set up an e-Procurement marketplace, linking government departments, agencies and local bodies with their vendors. e -Procurement is a Mission Mode Project (MMP) under National e-Governance Plan (NeGP).Finance ministry of India issued a memorandum on March 2012 to implement comprehensive end to end e-Procurement system in all Government departments. As a result, e-procurement system was fully implemented in all the Kerala PSU’s in collaboration with NIC and IT mission on June 2012.The paper here focuses on the analysis of factors influencing employees acceptance of e-procurement in the Kerala PSU’s under the department of industries & commerce. A research survey is conducted among the employees in the purchase departments of various Kerala PSU’s and results are tested based on revised Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) using SPSS V17 and WarpPLS V3 software’s. The major variables influencing employee’s adoption of e-procurement is found out and the relationship between various factors influencing the adoption are determined.

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Quality Models To Measure Software Quality:A Descriptional Review[ ]


The software industry is largely affected by costoverruns, delays, poor customer satisfaction and quality issues that are costing clients and customers world-wide lots of money each year. The phenomenon is known as “The Software Crisis”. Software Quality Engineering is an emerging discipline that is concerned with improving the approach to software quality. It is important that this discipline be firmly rooted in a quality model satisfying its needs. Software Quality Engineering needs a quality model that is usable throughout the software lifecycle and that it embraces all the perspectives of quality. Software quality models are a well-accepted means to support quality management of software systems. Over the last 30 years, lots of quality models have been proposed and applied with varying degrees of success. Despite successes and standardisation efforts, quality models are still being criticized, as their application in practice exhibits various problems. The goal of this paper is to find out a quality model suitable for such a purpose in Indian Software development Sector, through the comparative review study of existing quality models used outside India and their respective support for Software Quality Engineering.

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Evidential Reasoning Approach for Logistics Collaboration in Supply Chain Coordination[ ]


t present supply chains coordinate to bring together multiple organizations and functions effectively for achieving the performance. Logistic collaboration provides give new and innovative ways to improve supply chain coordination, reduce overall cost and improve social management of the supply process . In this paper a methodology to coordinate supply chains through logistic collaborations using evidential reasoning is being attempted.

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Cloud Computing Advancements and Challenges - A Management Perspective[ ]


In Cloud Computing users access computing resources such as Processing Capability, Computing Memory, Storage Memory, Network resources, etc as a service. In other words Cloud Computing could be termed as ‘IT as a Service’. Though there have been many advances in Cloud Computing, it is still not fully developed and is yet to mature. Cloud computing model offers tremendous opportunities for both the providers as well as consumers. The technology is sure to change how business is done and managed, across enterprises and across boundaries. This paper discusses the recent advancements and challenges in Cloud Computing from a Management Perspective.

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Developing Multi Criteria Decision Making Model in Procurement Chains for Sustainable Products[ ]


The manufacturing organizations have recognised the importance of sustainability with increasing government regulations and concern of sustainable products among customers. The environmental impact, economical advantage and social performance are the three dimensions of product sustainability and it’s often termed as triple bottom line concept of sustainability. For improving sustainability at product level, product design, material selection and manufacturing process are the important orientations needed to be considered. To achieve sustainability the material used for product or product part plays an important role. To meet the triple bottom line concept of sustainable material selection the multiple criteria related to the physical nature of the product and its production scenario are to be considered. This work developed a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model and weighted the criteria and sub criteria for material selection for the front mudguard part of two-wheeler. The commonly available and used material for manufacturing the part is polymer. The material alternatives selected for the part are Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polypropylene, Nylon (PA), Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Acrylic (PMMA), polystyrene (PS) and Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) based on k-mean cluster analysis on a data set collected of thirty polymers. These criteria included in the work are physical properties and other factors which includes density, specific stiffness, young’s modulus, strength, cost, elongation, toughness, recyclability, maximum temperature limit and energy of the polymer. MCDM methodology of Analytical Hierarchy Process is used for selection of the best alternative from the available choices.

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Mixed Model Production Sequencing Problem: A Genetic Algorithm Based Approach [ ]


In Mixed Model Production systems a variety ofsimilar product models are assembled in a mixed fashion. Sequencing these product models on a production line, termed as MMP sequencing problem belongs to the NP hard combinatorial optimization class. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm based approach for solving the MMP sequencing problem considering the objectives of minimizing the production rates variation and number of set-ups. The method is applied for diverse sets of problems of small and medium sizes. The performance of the algorithm is compared with the results for the same problem sets using other methods reported in the literature. The computational results reveal that the present algorithm gives better sequences in small and medium sized problems.

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Factors for Developing Resilient Backhauling Logistics System for Medium Scale Industries [ ]


Logistic system are very complex in nature and a defusing field. The importance of good logistic system is growing tremendously due to its practical importance and robustness. So naturally it becomes an opportunity as well as an issue. There are so many challenges to logistic system. One of the issues that faces is Resiliency in logistic system. Resiliency in logistic sytems is considered as a way to reduce the severity and likelihood of logistic system disruptions. An effective logistic system makes industries competitive and profitable. India is a developing country and most of its industries are small and medium enterprises (SME). Achieving resiliency in logistic system is considered as a best way to reduce the severity and likelihood of logistic system disruption. In India major portion of the cargo is moved by road and train. The Medium Scale enterprises in particular are using road as their logistics medium.Many firms are adopting backhauling in distribution of products. In back hauling the trucks after delivering goods, returning to original destination in empty condition are being hired by another company and they are loading the vehicle with their product and shipped to the destination which will be near or on the way to the starting point of vehicle. This will save one fourth of expenditure in logistics. This thesis finds out the parameters which will cause disruption and aims to model a resilient backhauling logistic system for a medium scale industry under Indian scenario.

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NExperimental Investigation of effect of Jet Impingiment Dual Quenching process on Mechanical properties of AISI D2 steel[ ]


AISI D2 steel (HCHCR) is a high carbon highchromium steel with range of industrial application. . Due to high carbon content die steel have excellent hardness and moderate toughness. Improvement of toughness while hardening is a challenging problem.Heat transfer enhancement is one the major parameters required to improve the performance of the thermal systems in many industries such as electronics, aerospace, automotive and steel manufacturing. Jet impingement cooling and spray impingement cooling are two of the most effective ways to improve the rate of heat transfer from the hot metal surface. Impingement cooling helps to achieve desired cooling rates from the surface by appropriate parametric control during the cooling process. Hence this process finds its use in many application in particular to metal processing industry . The main focus of the present work is to study experimentally themechanism of jet impingement cooling in single and double quenching and the effect of mechanical are compared with conventional method of quenching . Numerical analysis of jet impingement cooling is conducted to optimize the parameters like the ratio (H/d) of the jet to target spacing (H) to the jet diameter (d).Parameters effecting jet impingement cooling are H/d ratio, jet velocity ,single jet ,multiple jet . The distance between nozzle exit to impinging surface ( H/d) is varied from 2 to 7 and found the optimum H/d as 6 the result is experimentally validated The effects of parameters were studied at this optimum nozzle-to-plate distance. Mechanical property tests like charpy, brinnel and Rockwell test were carried out to study the effects of jet impingement and double quenching processes on hardness and toughness. From the results it was found that the toughness value almost doubled in case of jet impingement double quenching process. Jet impingement process also show improvement in hardness over conventional quenching. Microstructure study shows that the grains of jet impingement double quenching is finer when compared to conventionalmeans. As the grain boundaries increases it inhibits the crack propagation result in improving toughness.

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Experimental Determination Of Weld Pool Dimensions In TIG And A-TIG Welded Mild Steel Plates[ ]


TIG welding is widely used in modern manufacturingindustries. In almost all kinds of metals, TIG weldingproduceshigh quality welds, butshallow penetration in single pass is amajor limitation. Thepurpose of present work is to investigate the effect of oxide flux agentson gas tungsten arc weld pool. Experimental study was carried out on steel plates ofdifferent thicknesswith different welding currents. ActivatedTungsten Inert Gas (A-TIG) welding can increase the weld depth to bead width ratio, and reduce the deformation of welded plate.In this paper, the effect of different fluxeson the weld poolgeometryis analysed by conducting suitable the experiments andresults were compared with results available in literature.

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Numerical simulation of hole drilling method todetermine residual stress[ ]


The present study deals with the finite element modelling and simulation of the through-hole drilling method for the residual stress analysis in isotropic materials and laminated composites. Through a theoretical study how the relaxed strains around a hole are connected to the residual stresses are explained. Using finite element simulation a methodology for hole-drilling method under in-plane loads is proposed. The results obtained from the numerical method are compared with experimental results. An acceptable agreement between the results shows the reliability of the numerical method presented in this study.

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Machine Tool Damage Prediction Using Modal Characteristics[ ]


Crack damage is the one of the main reasons for the machine tool structure failure. Machine tool damage prediction (MTDP) helps to make sure that there is no damage in the tool during machining and to predict the possible breakage of tool by identifying the appearance of small cracks in the tool during machining. Machine tool state monitoring is critical for controlling the work piece quality and production continuity in the case of mass production. For assessing tool wear and tool breakage MTDP is a suitable means. In this study finite element based damage prediction model employing piezoelectric is developed for determining the depth as well as the position of tool cracks. The variation of modal characteristics like natural frequency and mode shape with tool damage is analyzed. Parametric study is conducted by varying the number, depth and position of cracks. Piezoelectric sensor is also modelled using ANSYS to prove the effectiveness of the same in MTDP. Modal and harmonic vibration analysis are performed to determine the natural frequency of the system.

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Instability Analysis of Landing Gear During Ground Maneauring[ ]


Landing gears are the connecting members between aircraft and the ground. Theyact as the load bearing members between the fuselage and the ground.Landing gear dynamics, especially shimmy and gear walkvibrations, is one of the problems faced today bythe aircraft community. In this paper the effect of runway profile on gear walk instability is studied. Later a single beam landing gear model is developed to analyse gear walk phenomena as a result of ABS braking.

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Transient Analysis of Plate Coupled with Fluid [ ]


This paper deals with finite element modelling of three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction problem. Mathematical model for the structure is developed using a first order shell deformation theory and fluid is assumed to be acoustically compressible and wave equation is used to model it. Displacement of the nodes are the structural variable and velocity potential is taken as the fluid variable, the fluid is always in contact with the structure i.e. no separation. The interface conditions will give the coupling between the fluid and the structure. The changes in dynamic response of the structure such as resonant frequency due to added mass effect of fluid media is evaluated. A Finite element program in MATLAB developed to predict the dynamic response of the same structure including fluid structure interaction. Transient analysis conducted using ANSYS CFX for the fluid structure interaction problem of a vibrating plate attached to a box containing fluid.

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Influence of hole-hole distance and orientation on strength of composite laminae[ ]


Numerical analysis of 0 degree ply orientation of fibre glass with polyester resin with Open hole test model as per ASTM standards is carried out using ABAQUS CAE. The result is validated against experimental results available in literature. Numerical simulation of ASTM D5766 standard specimen containing 2 holes with varying hole-hole distance is carried out, It is clear from the results that holes aligned perpendicular to the loading direction displays greater values of stress concentration. Analysis was done by varying hole orientation with different hole-hole distances. From these results it is found that as hole orientation increases the value of stress concentration increases gradually for laminae with multiple holes. For experimental validation tensile test with single hole and multiple (2 holes) is carried out in UTM. Based on the results, an empirical relation for determining the effect of stress concentration on varied hole-hole distance and hole-hole orientation is achieved to predict the strength of the composite laminae.

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Design and Analysis of Perforated Diaphragm Employed Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor[ ]


Thedetails of a study on perforated and non-perforated diaphragms for pressure sensing in piezoresistive Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) pressure sensors are presented in this paper. Perforated diaphragms of different thickness have been considered to study and evaluate the performance of perforated diaphragms for pressure measurement in terms of load-deflection sensitivity. The IntelliSuite MEMS design tool has been used to create and analyze the pressure sensors with non-perforated and perforated silicon diaphragms. The results show that it is possible to achieve 55% improvement in deflection sensitivity with a 40% perforated area irrespective of the thickness ofthe diaphragm. This leads to the conclusion that the perforations realized on thicker diaphragms are suitable alternatives with a more satisfactory performance than very thin non-perforated diaphragms.

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Vegetable oils as lubricant base oil : A Review[ ]


The demand for industrial lubricants is increasing day by day. Due to the industrial revolution most of the Asian countries becomes the manufacturing centers for the world. Lot of used lubricants is thrown to the environment which may damage the environment. In this scenario industry started searching for environmental friendly, renewable and less toxic lubricants . The biolubricant formulation is one of the upcoming research areas in tribology. In this paper the lubricant properties of vegetable oils have been discussed with the available literature.

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Tensile and Micro structural Characteristics of AC square wave welded and DCSP welded AA2219 Aluminum Alloys[ ]


AA2219 aluminum alloy is a high strength material with less weight and low thermal characteristics. Considering these characteristics, AA2219 aluminium alloy is mainly used for the construction of cryo stage tankages. For the effective welding of AA2219 aluminium alloy TIG welding is used commonly. AC square wave welding and DCSP (Direct current straight polarity) TIG welding are two forms of TIG welding manly used for the joining of Aluminium Alloys. In square wave AC welding the job and electrode are getting connected alternately with positive and negative leads of welding transformer. Hence it offers less heat input in one cycle and in another cycle good cleaning of refractive aluminium oxide cleaning. Hence it give two advantages. In DCSP Welding, the job (weld plate) is connected to positive lead of weld transformer and electrode is connected to negative terminal. The current is steady and the electron flow is from electrode to job. As more electrons are hitting the job, more heat will be produced at job rather than at electrode. This results in melting of job with less heat input and better weld strength. But there arise the problem of refractive oxide layer. However, it can be eliminated by scrapping the weld joint well before welding. Present study investigate the suitability and effectiveness of both welding process for the joining of AA2219 alloy. Tensile and Microstructure characteristics of each welded joint has also been compared. It is found that DCSP TIG welded joints are comparatively better in both aspects.

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Coriolis Flow meter: A Review from 1989 to 2014[ ]


A consolidation of literature indicating the advances in the field of mass flow measurement is presently not available. Last published review paper on Coriolis mas flow meter (CFM) was in 2006. This work is an attempt is made to summarize the available works on Coriolis mass flow meter. The literature is classified into three major groups. The first group gives the summary of construction and testing of CFM. The second section reviews the numerical modelling and FE analysis. The effect of fluid flow and flow dynamics are discussed in the third section.

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Machining of Defect Free Holes Using Diamond Core Drilling by Optimization of Parameters[ ]


Diamond core drilling isconsidered to be a cost effective method for making deep holes in advanced ceramics, composites, quartz, stone, glass etc. with superior surface finish. But its usage is limited in precise glass drilling operations because of the high edge chipping produced at the entrance and exit of holes which not only reduces geometric accuracy but also possibly cause an increase in post machining cost. This study investigated the effect of speed andfeedon overcut, edge chipping thickness andcutting force.ANOVA has been adopted for finding the percentage contribution of parameters.Regression models are developed for predicting cutting force,edge chipping thickness andovercut.The designed experiment hasrevealed the main effects ofprocess parameterson theresponse.The use of a back-up plate and adhesive as a support was found tobeuseful for producing crack free holes. Internal coolant flushing was found to be an effective method for enhancing tool life.

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Delamination fracture study on Glass-Carbon-Epoxy hybrid composites[ ]


Delamination between the layers is one of the primary weaknesses incomposite material structures and is amajor cause of failure.The methods to improve the delamination fracture toughness of composite structures haveattracted a great deal of interest due to their wide spread applications.The mode I fracture toughness of composite, made of woven glass fiber as reinforcement phase and epoxy resin as matrix phase, is experimentally evaluated. Theeffect of introducing a carbonepoxy layerin glass-epoxy DCB specimen, on the delamination behavior, is studied numerically andvalidated through experiment.This method can be successfully used for improving the mode I fracture toughness of the composite structures. Cohesive zone model usingthe ANSYS package is used for the numerical analysis.

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Effect of flexible wall boundary in seismic design of liquid storage tanks with fluid structure interaction[ ]


In this paper, the effect of fluid structure interaction on the modal characteristics of a cylindrical water tank without free surface effect is considered. Acoustic structure interaction using unsymmetric pressure based formulation is used to solve the coupled system using FEM and the procedure is validated using results from published literature. A 2D axisymmetric model is also presented to evaluate the same for axisymmetric mode shapes of the system and matched with the axisymmetric modes of the 3D tank model. The perturbation caused in the natural frequency of the coupled system is presented by comparing the coupled frequencies with the ordered uncoupled frequencies of the tank and fluid alone. Parametric study on the uncoupled frequencies of different tank configurations are also presented.

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Dynamic Analysis of Unbalance in Rotating Machinery[ ]


Rotating machines can develop inertia effects and this inertia effects in rotating structures are usually caused by gyroscopic moment introduced by the precise motions of the vibrating rotor as it spins. As spin velocity increases, the gyroscopic moment acting on the rotor becomes critical. It can be analyzed to improve the design and decrease the possibility of failure. This paper focuses on dynamic unbalance detection in rotating machinery by incorporating whirl, gyroscopic effects, mass effects and the effect of unbalance using the Finite Element Method (FEM) .

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Numerical Experiment To Study The Modal Characteristics of A Cantilever Beam Using FEM[ ]


In this research work, Euler Bernoulli beam with two degree of freedom per node is used to model a cantilever beam and the governing equations are assembled in the state space form. Rayleigh damping is assumed for computing the impulse response in MATLAB. Transient analysis is performed in ANSYS with newmark beta time integration scheme to obtain the impulse response of Timoshenko beam and are compared with the MATLAB results. The time data from the numerical experiment is transferred to ME’scope modal analysis software and curve fitted in the frequency domain to obtain the FRF of the data. The global curve fitting of the data is done to obtain the frequency, damping and mode shapes.

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Delamination detection in composite laminates[ ]


Delamination is the separation of layers which are bondedtogether in composite laminate. In the case of bending loads delamination usually leads to significant loss of bending stiffness and strength. Therefore it is important to detect the presents of delamination at an early stage. The delamination causes reduction of stiffness and thereby the modal frequencies also change

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Development of a PID Based Control for a Cantilever Beam Using Piezoelectric Transducers[ ]


Piezoelectric smart materials are widely used in modern day structures due to their effective controllability and easy integration into any complex shaped systems. This paper reports the development of a PID based strain feedback controller using ANSYS APDL code implemented in a smart cantilever beam with single/double piezo-patch configurations. Transient analysis is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of collocated patches over single patch configuration. Parametric study on the piezo patch thickness and area revealed that the effect of self-capacitance (impedance) on the dynamic response was considerable, for including the same in the calculation of total impedance.

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A numerical investigation on the added mass effect in the modal parameters of a liquid filled flexible tube[ ]


Vibration characteristics and the modal response of a liquid filled pipe system is affected by the added mass effect of the system. This in turn is going to influence the fluid structure interaction mechanism, when the fluid starts flowing. To have a deep understanding of the fluid structure interaction, it is essential to know how the modal parameters of pipe is affected by the addition of fluid mass. A computer program in ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) is developed to find out the effect of added mass in the dynamics of pipes conveying fluid. The code developed is validated by comparing the results obtained from the code to the experimental results from Zhang et al [10].

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Mechanical and Physical Characteristics of Friction Welded Al 6061 Rod with various Tapered interface geometry[ ]


Friction welding is a solid state joining process that produces coalescence in materials, using the heat developed between surfaces through a combination of mechanical induced rubbing motion and applied load. In rotary friction welding technique heat is generated by the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy at the interface of the work pieces in contact during rotation under pressure. Recent studies revealed that interface geometry, especially tapered interface geometry has strong influence on the mechanical and microstructure characteristics of friction welded joints.

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Phenomenological characteristics of Microindentation in WC-Co- TiC+TaC Sintered Carbides[ ]


Hardness is the most important property in specifying sintered carbides. Considerably less work has been carried out in micro hardness range on sintered carbides. The main objective of the present investigation is to study the phenomenological characteristics of microindentation behavior in commercial sintered carbides, in particular, the microhardness Vs indentation load, rate of loading & unloading,indentation time, neighboring indentations, heating and cooling in atmosphere to 973K. A study of statistical distribution of micro hardness values is also carried out to investigate the possibility of developing micro hardness measurements in the load range of 0.1-1N as a quality control method. Certain interesting observations are made on the fringes that appear in the indentation and their removal with time after unloading indicating certain flow of material around the indentation for which plausible explanations are given.

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Experimental And Cfd Simulation Of Producer Gas Carburetor[ ]


Presently there is no Producer gas carburetor available commercially. Some of the concepts evolved have not been optimized and are not standardized as well. In this view, development of the carburetor which will fulfil all the requirements of low energy density fuels is a need of the time. Design of a carburetor for producer gas application with special reference for reduced loss of pressure is taken up to generate the optimal fuel–air mixture to meetdifferent load conditions of the engine as well as for varying operating conditions of producer gas reactor.

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Determination of Effective Thermal Conductivity of Perforated Plates with Low Porosities Used as Matrix Heat Exchanger Core Surfaces[ ]


Perforated plate matrix heat exchangers (MHE) are known for providing high effectiveness and high compactness in a single unit. It consist of high thermal conductivity plates separated with low thermal conductivity spacers stacked and bonded together to form passages for working fluid. All perforations in the plates align to form a large number of passages hence providing high heat transfer area per unit volume. The spacers helps in reducing axial conduction there by reducing losses.

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Numerical Study Of Convection And Radiation Effect In A Vertical Channel With Discrete Heat Sources[ ]


Convection and Radiation Effect in geometricalconfigurationslike verticalchannels with discrete heat sourcesare common in the field of electronic chip cooling. This work isaimed to numerically solve such a flow and heat transfer problemusing the tools of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A verticalchannel with five protruding discrete heat sources, mounted atone side is considered. In the first phase ofwork,positions of heatsources are kept constant and a uniform heat flux is applied. Thenatural convection flow through the channelissimulated fordifferent ranges ofthe thermal parameter, Grashof number.Later, the same configuration with forced convection flow isconsidered and solved for different ranges of Reynolds number.In the second phase, same analysis is conducted be varyinggeometrical parameters like widthof the channel and positions ofthe heat sources.

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Computational Evaluation of Spray Characteristics in Pressure Swirl Atomizers[ ]


Pressureswirlatomizersareusedto obtainimprovedatomization and mixing efficiency due to their wider spray cone angles. In these atomizers, the liquid to be atomized enters through tangential inlets producing a swirling motion inside a swirl chamber and creates a central air core surrounded by a liquid sheet that spreads radially outward to form a hollow cone spray. In this work, a computational study of the spray emanating from a pressure swirl atomizer is done using Ansys Fluent by 3-Dmodelling of the atomizer nozzle along with the external spray domain and the spray characteristics like Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), spray cone angle, droplet diameter distribution, particle tracking, etc. for various injection conditions are measured and analysed numerically, and validated with the theoretical estimates.

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An Inverse Method to Estimate the Principal Thermal Conductivities of Composite Material[ ]


This paper reports methodology for simultaneous estimation of principal thermal conductivity of a composite made of aluminium core with aluminium face sheet bonded by using an adhesive layer, using inverse method. The direct problem consists of a three dimensional heat conduction equation in an orthotropic composite medium. The direct problem is solved by using fluent to estimate the temperature distribution on the test sample by varying the thermal conductivity at steady state condition. An artificial neural network is used as an inverse tool to retrieve the thermal conductivity. Sixty sample data temperature values are used to train a neural network by randomly varying the thermal conductivity within a range of 0.5 ≤ kx, ky≤ 7 W/mK and 0.1 ≤ kz≤ 3 W/mK. A detailed neuron independence study has been carried out to find the number of neurons required to train the network based on the mean square error and regression values. The methodology is demonstrated by retrieving thermal conductivity from the trained network by giving a temperature data that were not used for the training.

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Effect ofRadiation on the Performance of a Supersonic Combustor[ ]


Numerical investigation has been performed to study the effect of radiation on the performance of a supersonic combustor.A two dimensional, compressible, turbulent, reacting flow with multi-step chemistry has been carried out using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics package Ansys WorkBench 14.0. The radiation modeling has been done using PI radiation model and the reaction rate for turbulent chemistry model evaluated using Finite reaction rate chemistry as available with Fluent. The influence of radiation on performance of the combustor are explored and discussed in details.

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Computational Study of Effect of Nozzle Exit Shape on the Heat Transfer Rate in Impingement Jet Cooling[ ]


For the work of this thesis thecommercially available program package of FLUENT 6.3,and Gambit 2.4 is used for all the simulation and geometry generation tasks. All thenozzle inlet parameters like, Geometry(Diameter ofnozzle, Distance b/w nozzle & surface), Shape of nozzle (Roundnozzle, Rectangular nozzle and squarenozzle) and a single plane jet and swirl jet are studied with the experimental reference available for each cases.

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Modeling of Bubble Growth in Nucleate Flow Boiling Using Open FOAM[ ]


Numerical modeling of growth of a single bubble in nucleate flow boiling is presented in this paper.The modeling is done using the open-source CFD software OpenFOAM. The bulk fluid velocities used in the current study are 0.076 m/s and 0.1 m/s. A flow domain is chosen such that the bulk fluid temperature is at its saturation and the walls are at a higher temperature than the bulk fluid temperature. OpenFOAM has inbuilt solvers for solving various problems. First of all, a base solver is selected which deals with two-phase flow problems. Continuity, momentum and energy equations are solved numerically and the interface is captured by volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. The interfacial forces such as drag and lift which act on the bubble are also included. Thus a new solver namely bubbleEvapTempFoam is created and compiled for the current investigation.

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A Study on the Nature of Fluid Transients on Varying conduit parameters during Valve Closure[ ]


This work deals with the numerical modeling of the transiet behavior of water pipe segments

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Three dimensional modelling and heat transfer study of human eye[ ]


A 3-D modelling of heat transfer is done to understand the temperature distribution inside a human eye. This study gives important results which can be used in medical field. A steady state analysis is conducted taking into account conduction and convective modes of heat transfer. A three dimensional model is used for this simulation. Blood perfusion rate is not included in this analysis. Successful thermal modeling of the human eye will assist in enabling early detections of eye abnormalities such as inflammatory.This promising simulation allows new possibility in computational methods for eye health care.

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Hole Configuration effect on Turbine vane leading edge Film Cooling effectiveness[ ]


This study aims at numerical investigation of the effects of hole configurations for the film cooling on the leading edge of a C3X nozzle guide vane, under conjugate conditions. The analysis is carried out using the commercial CFD code FLUENT, with ANSYS Workbench 14.0. Since the study primarily focuses on the effects of hole position and geometry, the film cooling is carried out in 2-D. An internal convective cooling numerical study on the vane validates the use of turbulence model k-ω SST for the chosen problem. A classical flat plate case is also carried out for the film cooling numerical study validation. The stream-wise cooling effectiveness of five hole shapes at two different blow ratios, at three discrete locations centered at the stagnation region on the leading edge of the vane are compared and analyzed.

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Breakup characteristics of the liquid sheet formed by impinging jets[ ]


This paper reports the breakup characteristics ofthe liquid sheet formed by impinging jets. The problem has been numerically investigated using commercial computational fluid dynamics package ANSYS 14. The mixing characteristics of five different Newtonian fluids with a doublet like-on-like impinging jet injector is analyzed and discussed. The simulations have been carried out for five different Newtonian fluids with different fluid velocities

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Exergy analysis of different practical Re-liquefaction cycles for LNG system[ ]


Liquefaction of natural gas provides a safer and economical alternative for transportation and also increases its storage capabilities. During transportation, there will be vaporization of LNG producing boil-off gas (BOG) and its re-liquefaction is required considering that large volume of BOG to be vented out. A cryogenic refrigeration cycle is utilized in order to re-liquefy the BOG and returns it to the cargo tank. The developments in the processes adopted for the liquefaction of LNG boil-off (more widely known as re-liquefaction) will be addressed The thermodynamic analysis of different practical re-liquefaction cycles for Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) will be performed using both energy and exergy approaches so as to provide an environment friendly and cost effective solution. The practical re-liquefaction cycle considered are high pressure and low pressure Claude cycle, Kapitza cycle, Reverse Brayton cycle and BOG Mark I cycle.

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Exergy analysis on vapour compression refrigeration system using evaporative condenser[ ]


Today’s world is much affected by the ill effects of global warming and as a result, ambient temperature is rising significantly. Refrigeration and air- cooling systems are becoming necessary in almost all parts of India, even in places with moderate climate. Alternatively, the energy costs are shooting up day by day because of the limited availability of non-renewable types of energy.

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Numerical Investigation Effectiveness of Adiabatic Film Cooling of Gas Turbine Blades[ ]


This study aims at numerically investigating the film cooling effectiveness of gas turbine blades. The study is done on the leading edge of a gas turbine blade having five rows of holes. The holes are such that one is at the stagnation line, two are at 30 deg and other two are at 60 deg on either side of the stagnation line.Each row as five holes with a hole diameter of 3mm, 4mm and 5.6mm at a pitch of 21mm and the holes are oriented at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the stream line direction. The rows of film cooling holes are arranged in a staggered manner to cover more flow area on the blade surface.

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Review Article: Ethanol Gasoline Blends In SI Engine[ ]


Ethanol being a bio-renewable fuel can be blended with gasoline to use in SI engines. Some special characteristics of ethanol such as high octane number, high heat of evaporation, oxygen content in its basic form, anti- knocking properties and lower emissions favour the use of ethanol-gasoline blends. In this review, different ethanol- gasoline blends containing different volume % of ethanol are studied. Engine performance and emissions are analysed.

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Numerical Studies On Chilldown Of Helically Coiled Liquid Nitrogen Transfer Lines[ ]


Even though the process of cryogenic chilldown isvery complex, attempts are continuously being made to simulate the momentum and energy interactions accurately as in real case through CFD. One of the major reasons is the lack of reliable data and correlations that compass the parameters associated with cryogenic fluids. This work has taken the much needed first step in studying the effect of varying transfer line geometries on their corresponding chilldown times.

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Numerical Simulation Of Natural Gas Leakage From Pipelines[ ]


Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane. It is a flammable, explosive, poisonous and harmful gas. One easy method to import gas from a faraway location is to transfer it through gas pipe lines. These pipe lines may run underground as well as under water. There are cases where the pipe lines are exposed to ambient also. Due to severe atmospheric conditions, high gas pressure and accidents, there are instances of pipe line explosion resulting in gas leakage. This may cause poison death of human beings as well as other living creatures and environmental pollution.

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Numerical Investigation On Self Pressurisation Of Cryogenic Storage Tanks[ ]


Self-pressurization phenomenon is one of the most important problems in the storage of cryogenic liquid. Self-pressurization, as a result of vaporization can occur in many scientific and technical applications like cryogenic storage tanks, pressurized water reactors etc. it has been difficult to predict the behavior of cryogens during self-pressurization process due to its complex non-equilibrium thermal behavior. In this paper, self -pressurization studies are conducted on a generalized CFD model and the behavior is analyzed. Here the heat inleak through the insulation is calculated and applied as boundary condition. The studies are conducted by varying the layer of insulation, and the pressurization behavior is analyzed. For modeling, meshing & analysis ANSYS 14.5 CFD software is used. Transient studies are conducted using VOF model and results are discussed.

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Numerical Simulation Of Laminar Flow Through Rectangular Duct Filled With Discrete Porous Media[ ]


In the present study laminar flow through a rectangular ductfilled with discrete porousmedia, with water as working fluid is investigated numerically. Simulation hasbeen carried out using open source CFD package OpenFOAM. The effect of Reynolds number on the velocity profile is analyzedand discussed.

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Experimental and Numerical Study on Forced Convection Through Porous Medium Under Non-Darcian flow[ ]


An experimental and numerical work investigates the effect of metallic porous materials, inserted in a pipe, on the rate of heat transfer under non-Darcian flow condition. The pipe is subjected to a constant and uniform heat flux. The permeability and form coefficient of the porous medium inserted is found without applying heat flux and then the heat transfer experiment is conducted. The results obtained was lead to the conclusion that higher heat transfer rates can be achieved using porous inserts at the expense of a reasonable pressure drop. Experiment is repeated using water in different velocity and different porosity . From the result also concluded that the heat transfer from wall to water is increases with increase in Reynolds number and heat transfer decrease with increase in porosity .

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Hemodynamics inside a human left coronary artery[ ]


Disease saffecting cardio-vascular system continues to be a major cause of death in modern world.

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Engine Performance Studies And Hydrocarbon Emission Analysis Of Biodiesel Fuel Prepared Via Heterogeneous Catalyzed Transesterification Of Used Cooking Oil[ ]


Biodiesel is one of the promising alternate fuels due to its comparability with diesel engines. Performance evaluation of biodiesel fueled engine is of high relevance when we think of its use as an alternative to diesel. In this study, engine performance of biodiesel obtained by the transesterification of used coconut oil is investigated. Even though there are many studies on the performance analysis of biodiesel fueled engines, rare reports are there on the application of biodiesel prepared via heterogeneous catalysis.

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Influence of Hole Diameter on Film Cooling Effectiveness over a Compound angled Gas Turbine Blade Leading Edge Surfaces[ ]


Gas turbine engines are highly dependent on development of blade cooling techniques for higher thermal efficiencies, among which film cooling is one of the most important technique. Investigations are conducted for theadiabatic film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficients on two gas turbine blade leading edge models having the compound hole injection angles of 0, 30, 45, 55 and 60 degrees in each row along stream line direction with hole diameter of 4mm and 5.6mm respectively. Both these models are having the hole to hole pitch of 21mm.

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Numerical simulation of electroosmotic mixers with elliptic obstructions[ ]


This paper presents, numerical investigations on electroosmotic mixing in an elliptical confinement of microchannel, by applying an AC electric field.

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Numerical investigations on the secondary flow characteristics of a turbine stator cascade[ ]


This paper reports the characteristics of flow in axial turbine stator cascade predicted numerically using an open source CFD tool, OpenFOAM. The main objective of this work is to understand the secondary flows such as maximum secondary flow velocity, secondary kinetic energy, its location etc.Understanding the vortices and identifying regions with maximun secondary kinetic energy will help to device methods to reduce or eliminate the secondary flow vortices and there by increase the efficiency of the turbine. An effort is also made to understand the effect of variation of span in the intensity of secondary flow structures. The cross section of the blade is taken as NACA 0012 and the span considered as straight.

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Evaluation of SPARTA DSMC tool for Chemistry modeling in high temperature flows[ ]


The evaluation of open-source implementation of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) tool, SPARTA for chemistry modeling in high temperature flows is presented. The chemistry modeling is carried out using total collision energy method. The chemical non-equilibrium conditions occurring such as dissociation of N2 and O2, exchange reactions and combined reactions in air are simulated in an adiabatic box with an initial temperature and pressure. The results such as the time variation of temperature and total number of particles are presented and discussed in this paper.

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A Numerical Study onDynamics of Heat transfer in Electronic Cooling[ ]


Natural/Free convection, a very common mode of heat transfer which has immense practical applications, attracted the minds of scientists and engineers for the great many years. Here, the free convection taking place from the heat sink of an electronic device is elucidated numerically using a commercially available software-FLUENT. A 2D incompressible simulation is performed for the laminar thermal convection.

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Numerical Analysis of Heat Exchanger Effectiveness with Porous Medium[ ]


In the present study the effect of porous structure in heat exchanger annulus of a tube-in- tube heat exchanger was analyzed. Numerical analysis has been done in CFD software- Fluent. Experiment has been conducted in tube-in-tube heat exchanger and numerical analysis was validated with. The numerical analysis was further extended to porous medium to study the effect of porous medium on the effectiveness of the heat exchanger. Effectiveness of the heat exchanger is found to increase from 0.12 to 0.2 with the presence of wire inserts. The pressure drop was found to be not so significant.

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Effect of Spacers on Perforated Plate Matrix Heat Exchanger Plate Surfaces[ ]


In the present work, copper perforated plate matrix heat exchanger (MHE) surfaces with paper spacers have been evaluated experimentally for heat transfer and flow friction characteristic by conducting single blow transient test.Thetransient experiment has been conducted with perforated plates having different spacer to plate thickness ratios (s/l) (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0). The test is conducted with perforated plates having rectangular and triangular perforations. The heat transfer and friction characteristics like Colburn factor (j) and Fanning friction factor (f) are plotted against Reynolds Number for various perforated plates.

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Influence of hydrophobic surface on flow pastcircular cylinder[ ]


A large number of engineeringstructures involve external flow over bluff bodiesthat experience unsteady loads due to vortex shedding and undergo a great number of stress cycles that lead to damage accumulation and may end instructural failure without exceeding the ultimate limit stress. The study of vortex shedding is not only interesting but also gives valuable insights in to one phenomenonin nature which can even turn to be disastrous like the Tacoma Bridge failure incident. Control of vortex shedding leads to a reduction in the unsteady forces acting on the bluff bodies and can significantly reduce their vibrations.

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Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Thermal Characteristics of Multiple Circular Jets Impinging on a Flat Plate[ ]


Effective cooling of electronic equipment has emerged as a challenging and constraining problem of the 21stcentury.Jet impingement is a high performance technology in the present world for enhancing the heat transfer in thermal devices.This paper reports the experimental andnumerical investigations carried out to study thefeasibility and effectiveness of heattransfer characteristics of multiple air jets impinging on a stationary flat copper plate.The software usedfor the numerical studies is ANSYS Fluent. An experimental set up was designed and fabricated and the results obtained from numerical studies are validated withthe values obtainedfrom experimental studies.

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Shock Tube Performance Studies With Air And Carbon Di-Oxide Using Numerical Simulation[ ]


This paper investigates the performance of a shock tube with air and carbon dioxide as working fluids at different diaphragm pressure ratiosusing numerical simulations.AParametric study was also carried out to find the effects of diaphragm pressure ratios on the shock Mach number and the temperatures behind the incident and reflected shock waves.Dependency of shock Mach number, temperature and pressure behind incidentand reflected shock on diaphragm pressure ratio are obtained.

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