ICIPROD-2017- International Conference on Innovative Product Design & Development

"ICIPROD 2017 Conference Papers "

Performance Analysis of Multi-Split Air-Conditioning System[ ]


A multi split air conditioning system comprises multiple indoor unit powered by one outdoor unit. They can be used for cooling and heating both purposes. The main advantages of this technology is that the efficiency of system is increased, running cost and noise is comparat ively low.

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EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE USING BIODIESEL[ ]


This study shows that the biodiesel blends with fossil diesel at a mixing ratio 20 vol. % can be used in diesel engine without any modification in engine. The various engine performance and emissions parameters with fuel blends of petroleum diesel fuel and biodiesel are discussed in this study. B20 & B30 shows 3% and 4% higher bsfc compared to baseline diesel fuel at all engine loads.

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AN EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF IGNITION DELAY FOR PURE DIESEL OIL AND DIESEL FUEL BLENDS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND CYLINDER PRESSURES[ ]


For the recent development and advancement of internal combustion (IC) engine, ignition delay plays a vital role in the engine performance, exhaust emissions & knocking characteristics of a diesel engine. The Ignition delay is the time interval between the start of injection of fuel and the initiation of combustion process.A cylindrical combustion chamber is fabricated for the measurement of ignition delay characteristics for pure diesel oil (B0) and coconut oil-diesel fuel blends (B50). The combustion chamber consist of air heating coils, a hot surface plate, a fuel injector, a pressure gauge, a temperature indicator, a temperature controller and a photo sensorA. compressor is used for charging the air in the combustion chamber. The ignition delay of fuel spray was measured by recording the time delay between the event of injection of fuel and the event of appearance of flame (by using Photo sensor) inside thec ombustion chamber with the help of Digital Storage Oscilloscope.

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Comparison of velocity on sphere model by wind tunnel and CFD[ ]


a wind tunnel was used to analyze the flow past a sphere, which was kept in the tesstection of an open circuit subsonic flow wind tunnel. The objective of the study was to visualize, observe, and measure the flow around the sphere and to measure thder ag force on the body. The study was performed at different stream velocities and the vleocity and pressure distribution was observed at different Strategic points on the sphere. The velocity and pressure distribution was recorded using a multi tube manometer connected twh ithe sphere model with rubber tubes. A CFD simulation was performed uinsg ANSYS FLUENT software and a comparison was performed with that of wind tunnel experimental values. The results showed very little deviation between the Experimental and the simulatevda lues thereby concluding that a CFD analysis can be conveniently used in place of Experimental work if appropriate parameters are used during the simulation.

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Synthesis of Biodiesel Manufactured by Waste Chicken Fat[ ]


Due to the fast growing need of replacing toxic oils with renewable sources of energy, waste chicken fat was used to produce a green fuel known as biodiesel.After suitable tests , it was found out that the Free Fatty acid(FFA) percentage in this oil was quite high . Therefore the high content of FFA present was pretreated with alcohol. Further trans-esterification process is followed by treating it with the a suitable alkali such as Potassium hydroxide (KOH) .Initially the chicken waste consiste d of 14% of Free fatty acid(FFA) which after pretre atment was reduced to 1.5 % which then beca me viable for trans -esterfication process.

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Performance testing of different blends prepared by mixing chicken fat biodiesel , tire oil and diesel[ ]


Since the birth of I nternal Combustion engine, the requirement of fuel based sources has hit the market more as compared to the food resources. Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply.

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Energetic and Exergetic Assessment of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Power and Ejector – Absorption Refrigeration System[ ]


In the present study, a new thermodynamic cycle for effective exploitation of biomass gasification potential is explored which combines the combined power cycle with an ejector, and an absorption refrigeration cycle in order to increase the overall energy conversion efficiency. This exergy based performance analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of overall pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature in the overall cogeneration cycle to identify the causes and locations of thermodynamic imperfection. The results obtained from the analysis show that both energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the cogeneration cycle significantly vary with the change in gas turbine inlet temperature and decreases with the change in steam turbine inlet pressure but the change in biomass material shows small variation in these parameters.

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Design & Simulation of Carbon Nanotube Based Operational Transconductance Amplifier at 65nm for Nanoelectronic Applications[ ]


The purpose of this paper is to design and simulate carbon nanotube based Based Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) at 65nm. Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Based devices present a bright future and promise to sustain FET scaling for the validation of Moore’s Law. In Silicon based devices, the gate oxide thickness has already entered the nanometer range; channel scattering from the rough oxide interface and tunneling through the thin oxide are becoming prevalent problems. Carbon nanotube based devices do not have these difficulties due to their extra ordinary electrical properties. One of the major applications of CNTs is the development of a CNTFET

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Dimensional synthesis and optimization of planar linkages for rigid body guidance: A review[ ]


A mechanism.is an arrangement of machine elements that produce a specific motion. In order to achieve this task several mechanisms are proposed depending upon their types and linkages. The most common form is that of planer linkages, these linkages provide complex motion ranging from function generation, path generation and guiding a rigid body at specified path and orientation. The current works aims to study the methods employed on four bar planer mechanisms, their synthesis and optimization. The method is then extended to six bar planer linkages and studies the different optimization methods used for optimizing the link lengths and/or orientation to achive a specific rigid body motion.

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Studies on Grübler’s formula for mobility and connectivity[ ]


Kinematic synthesis is a challenging task for a designer to devise a mechanism that can satisfy desired kinetic as well as kinematic characteristic of the overall linkage. Both analysis and synthesis of kinematic chains are very important from the view point of mechanical engineering design and this have attracted the sustained efforts of many researchers to study various aspects of mechanisms. Determination of mobility or degree of freedom is the most critical phase for designing a mechanism.

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Developing an Effective Die for aluminium alloy Casting Solidification[ ]


Aluminium metal matrix composites have encountered a massive development due to the wide range of application for its high mechanical properties, high corrosion resistances and low density. Several manufacturing methods have been used to fabricate them such as ex-situ and in-situ. One of the most widely used ex-situ method is Stir casting. This method has the advantages of obtaining uniform density, fine grain size, clear interface and thermodynamic stable of reinforcements as compared with other fabricating process. During the fabrication of aluminium alloy composite by stir casting method cooling of molten metal is very difficult to control because thermal characteristic of the die affect the properties of casting material. In this study an attempt is made to design a die for aluminium alloy casting to achieve best properties of casting metals.

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Effect of fiber selection and fiber treatment on the composite performance[ ]


Recently, a tremendous growth has been observed by the natural fiber reinforced green composite (NFRPCs) industries. Appealing properties of natural fibers such as biodegradability, low specific weight, low density, high specific strength, non-corrosive etc. make them applicable in various domestic and industrial applications. A lot of effort has been put up by the researchers and scientists to improve the applicability of natural fibers as a reinforcement instead of synthetic fiber. There are various factors such as type of fiber, orientation of fibers and treatment methods which can affect the mechanical behaviour of composites made of natural fibers under numerous loading or non-loading applications. The present study aims to review a large spectrum of factors influencing the performance of natural fibers used in NFRPCs.

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Deflection of multilayered laminated antisymmetric composite plate by using different structral theories[ ]


In this paper, we adopt classical,first-order shear deformation and higher order deformation theories to calculate non dimensional deflection. Two type of loading such as uniformly distributed and static sinusoidal distributed loads are used. The non dimensional deflection are calculated at mid plane and at various nodes by using different structural theories. Glass-epoxy laminated composite material used for this analysis, because it has good structural properties.In these theories, the material properties of the constituent layers are combined to form a hypothetical single layer whose properties are equivalent to-through-thickness integrated sum of its constituents. The results of non-dimensional deflection obtained by different theories are compared for different aspect ratio with the variation of side to thickness ratio.

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STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC MODIFICATION USING DISCRETE MODELS[ ]


Structural dynamic modification techniques are implemented at design stage to achieve dynamic design of mechanical structure. These structures are often well defined in terms of mass, stiffness and damping distribution in the system or they may be obtained in terms of spatial models from the frequency response function of the system using experimental modal analysis. The FRF obtained may be from direct measurement or from updated models. In present study, the SDM on a discrete model are performed to understand the effects of different modifications on a mechanical system and results shows that few modifications lead to a significant change in dynamics of the system while others have very little effect and thus should be avoided.

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CFD analysis of an Aerofoil placed in uniform flow[ ]


Aerofoils finds a wide application ranging from Aeroplanes to Automobiles. In current scenario, they are used in wind turbines to produce electricity. These aerofoils comes in various sahpes and sizes depending on their application. An aerofoil design is still an area of research as the slight change in shape gives different characterstics (lift and drag). These characterstics cannot be evaluated using theoratical basis only. Aerofoil design requires extensive experimental work and simulations to be performed. In this paper, CFD analysis of a aerofoil, made of aluminium, is carried out placed in uniform flow at different angles of attack. The charactrstic curves are plotted to obtain the lift drag ratio and coefficient of lift and drag are obtained. The results were then compared and reported.

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Smart Innovation Engineering System - A Tool for Facilitating Product Innovation Process[ ]


For the survival and prosperity of the manufacturing unit, entrepreneurs need to find out new ideas that can be implemented in the products leading to innovation. The current study employs a systematic approach for product innovation. In this approach past experiences based on innovation decisions are stored and recalled during the innovation problem solving process. Implementing this system in the process of product innovation enables entrepreneurs and organizations to take enhanced innovative decisions at appropriate time. The system grows and matures with time gaining increasingly more expertise in its domain as it stores information, knowledge, and data related to the past formal decision events.

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AN INVESTIGATION ON CNC POCKET MILLING OF HSLA BY USING TAGUCHI TECHNIQUE[ ]


Present work includes understanding the effect of Computerised Numerical Control (CNC) milling parameters such as spindle seed, feed rate and depth of cut (DOC) on the surface roughness (SR), corner radius(CR) and side length of finished pockets. Experimentation was done as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array (OA) with three factors and three levels for each variable and studying the contribution of each factor on surface roughness, corner radius and side length of pocket. The experiments were conducted on High Speed Low alloy (HSLA) steel work piece material on CNC vertical milling machine using carbide tool.

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A Review on Mild Steel Drilling Process Parameter for Quality Enhancement[ ]


In manufacturing industry drilling process is very common and hence, plays a vital role in quality, establishing the quality goals of manufactured product. The aim of this paper is to make a review the optimization of cutting parameters in drilling using Taguchi method to get minimum surface roughness. In this review, the major factors namely speed; feed and depth of cut are considered. The orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio and the analysis of variance were employed to find out the optimal value by studying the effect of these parameters.

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Optimization of end milling process parameters on surface roughness using Taguchi method[ ]


Present study investigated the optimization of CNC End milling process parameters using Taguchi method for minimizing the surface roughness (Ra) ofEN8 steel. Carbide end mill was used as a cutting tool for end milling operation on En8 steel. Taguchi method was used to optimize the end milling process parameters. Nine experiments were performed according to L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of mean (ANOM) was used to obtain the optimum process parameter combination for minimizing the surface roughness.

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INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF DRILLING PROCES PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS[ ]


Present paper investigates the effect and optimization of process parameters (spindle speed, vertical feed rate and drill diameter) on surface roughness of High Carbon and High chromium (HCHCr) steel in drilling operation. Three carbide drills having diameters of 8mm, 10mm, 12mm are used. Nine experimental runs were performed as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to analyze the effect of drilling parameters on surface roughness of the drilled holes. Results revealed that the spindle speed was the dominant factor affecting surface roughness. Further, optimization of process parameter revealed that A3B1C3 (spindle speed (A) of 3000 rpm, vertical feed rate (B) of 5 mm/min and drilling diameter (C) of 12 mm) is found to be optimized parameter combination for getting minimum surface roughness. Confirmation test results showed that the Taguchi method was very successful in the optimization of drilling parameters for minimizing surface roughness.

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Manufacture, Design and Structural Analysis of a Custom Ankle Foot Orthoses on Foot Drop Patients Using 3D Scanning[ ]


The Custom ankle foot orthoses (AFO) is an externally applied device used to support and improve the function of lower limb during walking and modify the structural or functional characteristics of the neuro- muscular system. AFOs can be divided into three groups: passive, semi active, and active. There are two types of orthoses: custom and off-the-shelf. Custom orthoses give fit the patient’s body and better of perform than off-the-shelf orthoses. The stringent design requirements such as light weight, small size, high efficiency, and these challenges are subject to produce this device. The purpose of this study is to simulate a better functional Custom ankle foot orthoses by measured force with deflection (Θ) for three different types of force that applied on the Custom AFOs. Computational and experimental analyses of AFO structure by finite element method to find out the optimal force that permits on the case study of droop foot.

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OPTIMIZATION OF WIRE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING PROCESS PARAMETERS USING GENETIC ALGORITHM[ ]


The present work is focused on optimization of process parameters of wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). Genetic algorithmic (GA)tool for multi-objective optimization of Matlab is used to optimize the process parameters. Three WEDM parameters namely current, pulse on time and pulse off time are varied to study their effect on micro hardness and kerf width of machined surface of HSLA steel. Kerf and micro hardness are simultaneously optimized for their optimum values using GA.

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Design and Simulation of an Egg Crate[ ]


In the present research a simulation study using Inventor Professional Software, was carried out to redesign an egg crate to avoid breakage of eggs and cause less stress to a worker lifting them. For the design of egg crates three different performance parameters namely Von-Mises stress criteria, factor of safety and egg crate deflection were used. Recommended weight limit (RWL) and Lifting index (LI) were also calculated using revised NIOSH lifting equation. The two materials selected were High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polypropylene. Three types of egg crates namely conventional egg crate, modified egg crates with and without lifting handles were chosen. Overall six types of design simulations were studied under the selected performance parameters. On the basis of the study it was found that the crates with handle were better over their counterpart. The performances of two egg crates made up of the materials taken in the present work was almost same.

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ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION IN HUMAN-ROBOT DIALOGUE SYSTEM DESIGN : THE EMERGING TRENDS[ ]


Today, along with the human workers another breed of employees has come into being in the form of ‘robots’. Such a scenario has appeared in both the sectors: manufacturing as well as the service sectors. On the other hand, the spirit of ‘teamwork’ is the demand of the modern day’s work-environments. Thus, a very sound and healthy human-dialogue system design has become an essential characteristic of today’s man-machine systems. These dimensions have led to the emergence of new challenges for the human factors engineers. Present paper puts forth some of the ergonomic issues which are coming up in the robotized work environments, particularly from human comfort and safety point of view.

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A REVIEW OF ERGONOMIC ASPECTS OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT of HUMANS IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS[ ]


Noisemay be defined as undesired sound continuous exposure to such sound has severe effect on hearing ability of individuals. It also affects the work ability and posture of individuals. Noise is measured in decibels (db). Generally, a person having hearing threshold level 25 is termed as normal and a person having hearing threshold level more than 85db is considered as permanently hearing impaired. This paper reviews the ongoing development in the field of ergonomic aspects of hearing impairment in human in different environment. The study indicates that hearing conservation programs are requireprotectingindividual’s safety and health.

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An investigation on Effects of End Milling process on Noise during Machining of Copper[ ]


This paper presents an investigation of noise level during fillet end milling operation on commercially pure copper using CNC vertical milling machine. The most critical process parameters such as semi finish spindle speed (rpm), semi finish feed (mm/min.), finish depth of cut (mm) and finish feed (mm/min.) are taken into consideration to reduce the noise level during machining. The Taguchi method was used to perform systematic experimentation through L9 orthogonal array. According to the study, the noise level (in dB) is considered as lower-the-better. The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to analyse the effect of milling parameters on noise level in milling process. The contributions of each process parameters to obtain the required output characteristics were studied. Results revealed that the depth of cut of finish is the dominant factor affecting noise level.

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Study of the Buying and Travel Behaviours of the Motor-bike Riders of Delhi-NCR Region by Applying QFD Technique[ ]


With the increasing population, especially in the countries like India, it becomes incumbent on the researchers to benchmark the transportation systems in terms of the buying and travel behaviour of the consumers. Keeping in mind the large rural population, two wheelers seem to be the major means of transport between the short destinations. The same is true also for the interiors of the urban population in cities like Delhi, and the whole of Delhi-NCR region, for that matter. Being the second largest producer of two wheelers in the world, India hosts a substantial number of motor bikes.

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Simultaneous Optimization of Multiple Performance Characteristics for Pure Titanium Using multi-response signal-to-noise (MRSN) ratio in WEDM process[ ]


This paper describes the development of multi response optimization technique using multi-response signal-to-noise (MRSN) ratio to predict and select the best machining parameters of wire electro-discharge machining (WEDM) process. The experimental studies in WEDM process were conducted under varying condition of process parameters such as pulse on time(Ton),pulse off time(Toff),peak current(IP),wire feed(WF),wire tension(WT) and spark gap voltage(SV) using pure Titanium as workpiece material.Experiments were performed using Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. The optimized level of machining parameters was predicted for simultaneous optimization of material removal rate, surface roughness and wire consumption. The significant parameters affecting each machining characteristics were identified based on ANOVA analysis. Finally experimental confirmation was performed to identify the effectiveness of the above proposed method. A good improvement was obtained.

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Investigation on the Effect of Radius Milling Process Parameters on Surface Roughness[ ]


Present paper presents a study that investigates the effect of radius milling process parameters on the surface roughness of the EN 31 steel. The experimental plan is based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array with three factors and three levels for each variable. Nine experimental runs based on Taguchi L9 orthogonal array are performed and applied to determine an optimal radius milling process parameter combination. Surface roughness is selected as the quality targets. The experiments were conducted on EN 31 steel material on CNC vertical machine using carbide ball mill. The analysis of variance is employed to study the significance of each machining parameter. The results indicated that the feed rate with the contribution of 75.351% is the most important parameter affecting the surface roughness. The optimal combination of the parameters for radius milling process found to be is A1B1C1.

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MODELLING & SIMULATION OF DIE COMPACTION PROCESS USING MODIFIED DRUCKER-PRAGER CAP MODEL[ ]


This paper presents the results of simulation of die compaction process that has been carried out with the help of ABAQUS software using the modified Drucker-Prager cap model. Aluminium powder is the main constituent used to model the die compaction process in this study. The results obtained from simulation have been compared with the manufactured components to validate the study.

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Optimization of Turning Parameters using Taguchi Method[ ]


Present work investigates the effect of turning parameters such as rotational speed, feed rate and depth of cut on surface roughness of high carbon steel. Taguchi’s method was used for designing the experiments and optimization of turning parameters. Experiments were conducted as per L9orthogonal arraywith three factors having three levels for each factor. The analysis of variance technique is employed to study the significance and contribution of each factor on surface roughness. Results revealed that feed rate has a significant effect on surface roughness and it is the most dominating factor affecting the surface roughness with contribution of 99.58 %. The optimal parameter combination for minimum surface roughness is found to be A1B1C2 i.e., rotational speed of 315 rpm, feed rate of 15 mm/min and depth of cut of 0.8 mm.

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Effects of processing parameters on morphology of polyvinyl alcohol based electrospun nano fiber[ ]


Electrospinning is a process that is used to produce nano scale fibers from the melted polymer solution under high electric field. Nanofiber is used in many application such as for smart textile, filtering, food packaging, sensors and energy etc. Because of its mechanical strength, it is also used in synthesis of composite polymer. Process variables such voltage across spinneret and collector, distance between spinneret and collector, flow rate of polymer solution for electrospinning make effect on the nanofiber such as diameter of nanofiber, uniformity in diameter and bead formation of nano fiber.

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Socio Economic Factors influencing the Productivity of a Manufacturing Unit[ ]


Manufacturing is conversion of raw material into usable form with the sufficient use of resources keeping consideration of Environmental parameters. In developing nations manufacturing plays a major role in providing job and consequently contributes in development of the nation. Now a days everything is automized everywhere, but still human intervention is there which leads to human error also. Somewhere we can say human intervention have a direct involvement in sustaining productivity.During long run skill set of worker is also affected depending upon the willingness of the associate. Safety plays a vital role in industries because one silly mistake leads to big issues. Every near miss should be taken up with top level of seriousness because one such case may prove critical some day or the other. Parallely sense of safety is equally important where associate must feel that he is secure.

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STEP-NC - Hindrances and Challenges[ ]


In today’s highly competitive designing and manufacturing industry the most important issue is to increase the profitability by increasing production. According to ISO 10303 standard STEP-NC or AP238 protocol is a new programming method which is developing as an alternative to G code for CNC Machine tools. The urge for improving quality and reliability has resulted in developing STEP-NC. This paper illustrates the methodology and working of STEP-NC and portrays the difference between the G-Code programming and new CNC programming method using STEP-NC. The obstacles in implementing the STEP-NC and future prospects are also mentioned.

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