ICETSET-2014-International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science,Engineering and Technology

"MPGI-2014 Conference Papers "

Image Glazing for Thinning of Ancient Tamil Characters[ ]


The Conversion of Ancient Tamil characters to modern text is a necessary automation in image processing. These ancient Tamil characters are images taken from Ancient Tamil Stone inscriptions. Recognising the ancient Tamil characters is a tough task for the modern generation who learn to read and write only with modern Tamil characters. Learning the evolution of Modern Tamil from ancient Tamil is a time consuming process therefore a recognition system helps to teach, understand and also to research the ancient cultures and heritages. To design a good recognition system this paper proposes a method called Image Glazing for Thinning of acquired images. Thinning is the process of peeling thick layers of boundaries from an image to create a one pixel width representation of the image. Thinning not only reduces the storage needs of extracted features but also increases the recognition rate of the whole system. The proposed work produces fine-tuned thin images for each and every input character.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Improving Performance of Efficient Data Dynamics in STaaS using FMT[ ]


Storage as a Service (STaaS) is the service offered by cloud computing over the Internet where user data is stored and maintained remotely without the burden of local data storage and maintenance. However, the users will no longer have physical possession of the outsourced data brings new challenge towards the integrity of the data. The introduction of TPA eliminates the involvement of the client through the auditing of whether his data stored in the cloud are indeed intact. Moreover, user frequently wants to update the data they store. The support for data dynamics via the most general forms of data operation, such as data insertion, deletion and modification is also very important, since services in Cloud Computing are not just store static files. Experimental analysis shows how to construct an elegant verification scheme which preserves privacy. To achieve efficient data dynamics, the existing storage models is manipulated by using the Fractal tree traversal technique. The Fractal tree construction and traversal greatly improves the performance of data dynamics where user’s time taken to insert, update and delete the content of the file is reduced significantly.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Secure Distributed Detection of Node Replication Attacks in Mobile WSN using Localized Algorithms[ ]


As sensor networks could be deployed in a hostile region to perform critical missions, the sensor networks are unattended and the sensor nodes normally are not equipped with tamper-resistant hardware. This allows a situation where the adversary can compromise one sensor node, fabricate many replicas having the same identity from the captured node, and place these replicas back into strategic positions in the network for further malicious activities. This is a so-called node replication attack. Since the credentials of replicas are all clones of the captured nodes, the replicas can be considered as legitimate members of the network, making detection difficult. Based on the assumption that a sensor node, when attempting to join the network, must broadcast a signed location claim to its neighbors, most of the existing distributed detection protocols adopt the witness-finding strategy to detect the replicas. In particular, the general procedure of applying witness-finding to detect the replicas can be stated as follows. After collecting the signed location claims for each neighbor of the node , where and denote the location of and the digital signature function respectively, sends the collected signed location claims to a properly selected subset of nodes, which are witnesses. When there are replicas in the network, the witnesses, according to the received location claims, have possibility to find a node ID with two distant locations, which implies that the node ID is being used by replicas. Afterward, the detected replicas can be excluded using, network-wide revocation.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calculation of Performance Parameters and Reliability Aspects of Phase Shifted Semi Bridgeless Interleaved Boost Converter[ ]


Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) require a power modulator like an AC-DC converter at the charging end of the vehicle. The converter induces harmonics and distortion in the supply current due to the presence of nonlinear devices in its topology. This results in reduction of Power Factor (PF) and Efficiency. Hence, there is a need for implementation of a Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit along with a rectifier to improve the performance of the charger. Among the various topologies mentioned in the literature, Bridgeless Interleaved and Phase Shifted Semi Bridgeless Interleaved PFC topologies are optimal solutions for the problem. This paper mainly focuses on the Performance Parameters and Reliability aspects of both the topologies operating in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM). The Reliability aspects are based upon MILHDBK–217F standards. The topologies are simulated using MATLAB and the results are recorded. This paper is an effort to grade both the converters on the basis of reliability and other performance parameters.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF T-Z SOURCE INVERTER SYSTEM[ ]


In this paper, a new family of single-stage high step-up boost voltage inverter based on transformer is proposed, called T-Z source inverters. By replacing two inductors in the classical Z-source inverter with two transformer, the proposed inverter produces a very high boost voltage gain when, the turn ratio of the transformer is larger than one. Compared to the trans-Z source inverter, the proposed T-Z source inverter uses a lower turn’s ratio, which reduces the transformer’s size and weight while producing the same output voltage gain. Single phase AC is converted into DC using uncontrolled rectifier. T-Z network is used to boost the voltage from 230 volt to 400 volt. DC is converted into three phase balanced AC using three phase inverter. The output of inverter is used to control the speed of induction motor. The extension of the proposed inverter topology to DC link type and embedded type topologies are presented

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF CLASS-D FULL BRIDGE RESONANT INVERTER FED INDUCTION HEATING SYSTEM[ ]


This paper proposes the use of the full bridge inverter in class-D operating modes to achieve higher efficiency in a high output power levels. Induction heating system technology is nowadays widely implemented in domestic appliances because of its cleanness, high efficiency, and quick heating process. Because of these advantages are due to its heating process, where the induction pot is directly heated by the induced currents generated with a varying magnetic field. IH systems are based on resonant inverters to generate the required alternating Current (20 kHz) to feed the inductor. Usually, resonant converters are helpful to achieve higher efficiencies and power densities. In such systems, the higher output power and efficiency are accomplished at the resonant frequency, and the switching frequency is greater to decrease the output power.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DIGTAL SIMULATION OF MLI BASED DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER FOR VOLTAGE SAG COMPENSATION[ ]


The Dynamic voltage restorer [DVR], a custom power device has been used to protect sensitive loads from the effect of voltage sags /swells on the distribution feeder. The DVR’s main function is to inject the difference in voltage to the power line and thus maintain the load side voltage at the optimum value. This paper presents the modeling aspects of the DVR system with the MLI working against voltage sags/swells by simulation. The digital simulation is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK. dc/dc converter is used to adjust the DC link voltage considering the amount of voltage sag so that the maximum possible output voltage levels are generated for a wide range of voltage sags.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque Ripple Reduction in Three-level SVM Based Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor[ ]


In this paper new direct torque control scheme is proposed which aids in alleviating the torque ripple using space vector modulation based multilevel diode clamped inverter. Direct Torque Control (DTC) is one of the excellent control strategies of torque and flux control in induction machine. The hysteresis comparators are used to compensate the error between estimated and reference torque and flux. But major problems aroused in DTC drives are steady state torque and flux pulsations due to hysteresis comparators. Three-level neutral point clamped inverters have been widely used in medium voltage applications. Due to more number of levels in the output voltage waveforms in three level diode clamped inverter, we can obtain less total harmonic distortion in voltage and current waveforms. The control scheme is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. From experimental results it is concluded that the proposed method produces less torque and flux ripple in steady-state operation than the classical DTC.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Design of Direct Driven Alternators for Renewable Energy Applications[ ]


Permanent magnet generators for renewable energy application have been subject of research during last two decades. Several kinds of rotating electrical generators exist for several applications, including synchronous, induction and DC machines. Doubly Fed Induction Generator is proposed as an alternative solution with respect to the cost of such a system. However, a bigger emphasis in the report has been put on the design of direct driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) to get obtain higher energy conversion efficiency at lower speeds by avoiding gear boxes and this type of PMSGs are compatible for Wind and water Turbines. Further different topologies of direct driven PMSGs with a focus on configurations, different windings and thermal behavior is presented and prototype of a direct driven PMSG is designed and the designs verified by means of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and thermal modeling size of Direct driven PMSG to obtain optimisation methodology for an. Further describes an analytical optimization of a longitudinal, inner rotor, radial flux, surface mounted PMSG with distributed winding and natural air cooling system. An FEA model of the optimized machine is developed and the results are illustrated.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Photoplethysmography On Smart Phone Using Savitzky-Golay Filter[ ]


Measurement of Heart rate using Smartphone is widely used by many people. There are some issues in measuring Heart rate such that the noise, distorted peaks. To overcome this issue the project proposes an algorithm using Savitzky-Golay filter which is more efficient than an algorithm using moving average filter. An algorithm considered the red channel of the video obtained from an application of video recording of the Smartphone.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Detection and Measurement of Intima Media Thickness of the Common Carotid Artery[ ]


Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened because of excessive build up of fatty substances called plaques around the artery wall. The disease disrupts the flow of blood around the body resulting in serious cardiovascular complications. The Intima Media thickness (IMT) is used as a validated measure for the evaluation of atherosclerosis. Manual assessment of the IMT results in inaccurate measurements. So there is a need for automatic identification of Intima Media with proper segmentation algorithms and measurement of IMT. To fulfill this need, an effective segmentation method, Otsu thresholding is proposed for the identification of the intima media of the common carotid artery and measurement of the intima media thickness to indicate the presence or absence of atherosclerosis. To reduce the speckle noise in the ultrasound image of the common carotid artery, Speckle Reduction Anisotropic Filter is used. This improves the detection efficiency.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Improving QoS Using Modified Virtual Clustering Method For Power Heterogeneous MANETs[ ]


A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is comprised of mobile hosts that can communicate with each other using wireless links. Power heterogeneity is common in mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs). Power heterogeneous ad hoc networks are characterized by link layer asymmetry the ability of lower power nodes to receive transmissions from higher power nodes but not vice versa. With high-power nodes, MANETs can improve network scalability, connectivity, and broadcasting robustness. However, the throughput of power heterogeneous MANETs can be severely impacted by high-power nodes. To address this issue, we present a loose-virtual-clustering-based (LVC) routing protocol for power heterogeneous (LRPH)MANETs. To explore the advantages of high-power nodes, we design a novel power-aware routing protocol that nicely incorporates device heterogeneity, nodal residual energy information and nodal load status to save energy. LVC algorithm is to eliminate unidirectional links and reduce the interference raised by high-power nodes, we develop routing algorithms to avoid packet forwarding via high-power nodes. Via the combination of analytical modeling, simulations, and real-world experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of LRPH on improving the performance of power heterogeneous MANETs.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Experimental Studies on Hybrid Beam Reinforced with Steel and BFRP Bar[ ]


Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars are well known these days for use as reinforcements in concrete structures. Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) bars are a new addition to the class of FRP bars. BFRP bars have high tensile strength but do not possess any yielding characteristics. As a result beams reinforced with them show poor ductility but have high moment of resistance. Hybrid beams are a balanced approach towards achieving the required ductility for a particular application by accepting a certain amount of loss of strength. This paper presents experimental results of the flexural behaviour of a hybrid beam reinforced with Steel and BFRP bars. The results are compared with a conventional steel reinforced beam and a pure BFRP bar reinforced beam.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Voltage Regulation of Buck Boost Converter Using Non Linear Current Control[ ]


In this paper, an adaptive non-linear controller is designed for DC–DC buck/boost converter which is stable against converter load changes, input voltage variations and inductor current variations. The proposed controller is developed based on input–output linearization using an adaptive back stepping approach. Owing to non-minimum phase nature of buck/boost converter, the output voltage of this converter is indirectly controlled by tracking the inductor reference current. The inductor reference current is generated by a conventional PI controller. Some simulations and practical results are presented to verify the capability and effectiveness of the proposed control approach.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Behaviour of Singly Reinforced Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel and BFRP Bars[ ]


Basalt bars (BFRP-Basalt Fibre reinforced polymer) as reinforcement for concrete structures is gaining popularity recently. Due to the limited amount of research on the use of basalt for structural applications, further investigations are still required to provide confidence in the use of the basalt bars to reinforce concrete structures in place of steel bars. This study presents experimental research on the simply supported beams under flexure, reinforced with BFRP bars, compared to the reference beams with steel reinforcement. The tested beams were made of M35 concrete and reinforced with basalt bars with 10 mm diameter. Tensile characterization studies were also performed on 10mm basalt bars. The deflection and cracking behaviour of beams were investigated in detail. The results showed shear failure occurred in steel reinforced beam and the final failure in BFRP reinforced beams was by bond slip failure.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Novel Green Bricks manufactured from Textile ETP Sludge[ ]


Textile industry being second largest sector in India after sugar industry is facing problems regarding sludge disposal. Tiruppur and Erode districts in Tamilnadu were the top contributors in the textile industries in India for the past three decades. Common method adopted for disposing the sludge is land filling and polluting in the river beds. The disposal of sludge has become a major issue. So there is a strong demand for environmentally safe reuse of sludge and effective disposal methods for textile effluent sludge. The textile effluent water treatment plant sludge taken from Pallipalayam area in Erode and from some areas in Tiruppur is extremely close to brick clay in chemical composition. So, the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) sludge could be a partial replacement for brick clay. Use of sludge as construction and building material converts the waste into useful products that can alleviate the disposal problems. In this study an investigation to incorporate the sewage sludge waste in the manufacture of unburnt bricks is carried out. The soil is partially replaced with sludge percentage which is varied from zero to twenty-five percent by weight and the bricks are compressed at high pressure and manufactured. Firing is not done in the manufacture of bricks. In this research work, an experimental study on the strength characteristics of GREEN bricks is done and it is compared with the conventional bricks.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Studies on Flexural Behaviour of Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars[ ]


Corrosion is a crucial problem in steel reinforcement which deteriorates the material when it reacts with the environment. Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) rebar emerged as a promising alternative to traditional steel reinforcement with excellent results in terms of corrosion resistance. Its advantages include high longitudinal strength and tensile strength, resistance to corrosion and chemical attack, light weight and electromagnetic neutrality. In this background investigations on static behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP beams were carried out to study the flexural behaviour under static monotonic loading. Concrete beams of dimensions 1500 mm x 200 mm x 100 mm reinforced with GFRP bars were investigated to study the behaviour. For comparison purpose, concrete beams of identical dimensions reinforced with TMT bars were also investigated. The investigations were carried out using ±100 kN capacity fatigue rated MTS actuator. The various data obtained during the tests include the load, displacement, deflections at three locations along the span, rotation of the beam, strains in main reinforcement and on concrete beam surface. This paper presents the details of experimental investigations and the results.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------