ICEOH 2014- International Conference on Environmental and Occupational Health Journal

"ICEOH 2014 Conference Papers "

Biochemical Changes of Liver That Infected with Entamoeba Histolytica in White Rats[ ]


This study was carried out in the animal house of the Science College , Babylon University for the period from of October 2012 till February 2013. This study included, 20 white Swiss males Rattus rattus ages between 3-4 months, and weights between 250-300 gm. Animals were divided into five groups(2, 4 , 8 ,12) weeks and the fifth group consider as control group each group included (four males). Four groups were infected with suspension E. histolytica that bring from stools patients attending to the Al-Hilla Hospital laboratory , every rat gives about 103 cysts per mililiter of E. histolytica through oral administration . And the fifth group treated orally with distilled water . The rats liver were studied functionally by measuring the level of enzymes GOT , GPT , ALP . The tests of liver enzymes, showed that the level of the enzyme GOT , GPT , ALP having significant increased (P <0.05) in the male rats treated E. histolytica suspension compared to control group.The infection with E. histolyticaestablished histological changes in the organs especially the liver as apoptosis death of cells as well as changes in biochemical parameters (ALP , GOT,GPT).

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Analysis Of Nutrients Intake On Lunch Primary School Students: Do They Meet Nutrients Standard?[ ]


Childhood is a time that is susceptible to various diseases caused due to deficiency nutrients. Full day school model for elementary school student with school feeding gives positive contribution by increasing children nutritional status. Some food served in school feeding should generate 1/3 total energy needs of the child ( Mahan & Stump 2004). The purpose of this study was to analyze the nutrients intake on lunch primary school students.The design of the study is observational analytic method with cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted in the Integrated Islamic Primary School Integrated Bina Ilmi Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The number of students who participated in this study were 64 students consisting of 32 students who bring lunch from home and 32 students who follow school lunch feeding. Average energy and protein intake of students who bring lunch from home is better than the students who follow school lunch feeding. There are significant differences between the levels of energy and protein sufficiency both of group students ( P <0.05 ). There are significant differences between the levels of nutrition knowledge both of group of students (P <0.05). Students who follow school lunch feeding has a thinner on Body Mass Index (BMI) than students who ate lunches brought from home provision that 21 students ( 60 % ). There was no difference between the nutritional status of groups of students ( P> 0.05 ). It is need to increase the quality and amount menu on school lunch feeding.

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Impact of Oil Well Exploration on Ambient Air Quality Change[ ]


Five potential oil wells located in West Java offshore area were explored in order to characterize the predicted oil and condensate production in the next upcoming operation years. The oil wells were hoped to supply the gas need of industries in Java Island. The oil wells area was located about 1.5-10.5 km away from West Java shore. During oil well exploration a huge amount of gas was burned. The first objective of the research was to estimate the main gaseous pollutants, i.e. sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compound (VOC) resulted from oil well exploration activity. The second objective was to simulate the dispersion of gaseous pollutant resulted by the gas burning during the exploration period in the ambient air. Estimated amount of the emitted gaseous pollutants was based on burned gas amount and emission factor compiled by US-EPA. The dispersion simulation of gaseous pollutants in the ambient air was based on Gaussian dispersion model as well as climatology data compiled by Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG). Research result showed that if the predicted burned gas was 1.65 MMSCFD then the emission rate of SO2 was about 5.2*103 µg/s, whereas CO, NO2 and VOC were 7.3*105 µg/s, 2.4*106 µg/s, 4.8*104 µg/s, respectively. Simulation of the gaseous pollutant indicated that the surrounding area of the exploration site was relatively safe as based on the analysis result where the highest ambient concentration of the gaseous pollutants were considerably below the pertinent threshold limit.

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The Consequences of the Physical-Environmental Factors on Encouraging Pedestrian and Cycling Activities in UPM Campus[ ]


New urban life puts emphasis on developing environmental-friendly transportation which promotes walking and cycling as a broadly accessible mode of sustainable transportation. Recently, policy makers in University Putra Malaysia (UPM) have been attempting to provide cycling and walking facility and mobility without destroying campus qualities. In order to create more pedestrian and bicycle friendly campus, efforts need to focus on the user behavior and preferences. This paper presents the influential physical-environmental determinants on encouraging walking and cycling based on the users’ perceptions. Users’ perceptions data was obtained through a questionnaire survey results which have been completed by pedestrians and cyclists using the study site. The results indicated that respectively 6% and 32% of the user sample do cycling and walking in the campus. Both groups stated that accessibility and connectivity of the cycling and walking paths are the main problems; as well as inadequate traffic safety added by cyclists. Meanwhile, about 40% of both groups were willing to begin physically active commuting because of health, fitness and environmental benefits. Identifying the physical-environmental factors that influence on walking and cycling contributes with policy makers and transportation planners of university campus as well as inclusion of public health perspective.

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The Effect of Sunlight (Ultraviolet) Exposure & Vitamin D Intake Deficiency towards the Increase of Systolic Blood Pressure[ ]


Hypertension is one of common diseases found on worker, especially night shift worker, such as doctors and nurses. This disease possibly happens on under roof worker like in the office or indoors. This fact was derived from the finding of Qureshi et al in 2009 stating that 20% nurses in US suffering hypertension. Recently, there are some investigations about the correlation between lack of vitamin D content in the blood and hypertension. These lead the researchers’ interest in studying the correlation among sunlight exposure and vitamin D intake deficiencies towards hypertension. This study was an experiment in which the subjects were Rattus norvegicus. They were investigated to reveal the impact of sunlight omission, vitamin D reduction and hypertension. The subjects were placed in a dark cage and fed with free vitamin D food. On the following days, the subjects were moved in the bright room and supplied with vitamin D 0.25µg/kg body weight. The absence of sunlight by situating the subjects in the dark area and supplying non vitamin D food affected the rise of systolic blood pressure significantly (p = 0.01). The decline of vitamin D content in the blood hap-pened after the gradual omission of vitamin D along seven days (p = 0.035). The relocation of the cage to the rich sunlight room to-gether with feeding the subjects 0.25µg/kg body weight vitamin D influenced the increase of vitamin D content in the blood since the first day of reposition. However, the significant decline of systolic pressure and noteworthy vitamin D increase (p = 0.001) happened after four day vitamin D supply. The sunlight (ultraviolet) exposure and vitamin D intake is influencing towards the increase of vita-min D content and decline of systolic blood pressure on Rattus norvegicus.

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Study The Effects of The Pesticide Es-Biothrin on Some Histological Aspects of White Male Rats.[ ]


This study aimed to evaluate the probable histological changes accompanied with the treatment by the pesticide Es-Biothrin.16 white male rats (three months age) were used. All the rats were exposed daily to the fume of evaporated disks of pesticide Es-Biothrin 5 hours for 35 day. The animals grouped into two groups: the first one treated with 4 disks, and the second treated with 8 disks, also six untreated rats were used as a control group. The rats were killed and the histological study were done for the evaluation of the effects of the pesticide. Results showed different histological changes represented by the presence of pneumonia in the lung of these rats, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, while the trachea had a normal histology in all the animals of the experiment.

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Impact of Airport Activities on Local Scale Air Quality[ ]


This work studies the potential impacts on air quality of an Agro Cargo Airport proposed for Southwestern Nigeria. An emission inventory was carried out for emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) taking into account emission sources characteristics. The resultant concentration on the host area of influence was determined using an ISC-AERMOD View Version 4.8. Combination of all the changes with the present status of air quality in the study area signifies the need for conscientious effort on air quality control in the proposed airport for environmental and health benefits during its operation.

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Conceptual Design and Prototype of Smart Calling System Research[ ]


The study is conducted with the intention of designing, developing and testing a prototype of a ‘Smart Calling System’ for Mechanical Engineering Department (MED) in Polytechnic Sultan Azlan Shah (PSAS), Behrang Perak. The MED building is consists of 3 floors of staff offices, 4 floors of classrooms and a total of 1388 students. As this involves a large number of students, there is a frequent movement of students flow into the department office to meet their relevant lecturers. The current communication method in MED which is using telephone and PA system is not very effective and has created an unpleasant environment in the staff’s office. Therefore the objective of this study is to develop a “Smart Calling System” for the communication purpose in the MED offices. This study was planned based on the Design Process Model (DPM) activity. Results of the developed prototype showed that it provide as a better communication tool between the lecturers and students.

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Safety Matters Concerning Timber Scaffold Board Application in National Oil and Gas Industry[ ]


Recently, Timber Engineering Laboratory of Forest Research Institute Malaysia has received several requests from timber companies to evaluate the mechanical properties of timber scaffold boards for offshore constructional works. Timber boards are more preferable compare to metal due to the resistance quality of wood material in marine environment. Being one of the most lucrative businesses in the country, oil and gas engineering occupied the most stringent safety measures throughout their operations. Surprisingly however, the national standard document on the specification of timber, acceptable grades, test method for the mechanical properties determination and other references concerning the safety measures of timber scaffold board is seriously lacking. Forest Research Institute Malaysia has initiated a research project venturing into the technology and issues on the subject of timber scaffold board application. Information regarding timber as scaffolding material was obtained through literatures search, verbal and written discussions, sharing of pictures and visits to scaffold board yard. As a result, a number of safety issues and deficiencies were observed. This article is a bona fide discussion concerning the safety matters of timber scaffold board application in Malaysian oil and gas industry. Major issues such as wood species, timber grading and handling and storage were addressed and elaborated. This assessment was not only about fulfillment of safety regulations, but also about the global recognition and future earnings for national timber products.

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An Insight of Sustainable Development – A Study Among Construction Professional in Malaysia[ ]


Nowadays, as the world population growth increase significantly, the needs of more haven, buildings, and other infrastructure become major agenda for Malaysian as developing country. As continues developing country, Malaysia is the one adopting sustainable development and green building as one of the national agenda. One of the most important aspects that play a crucial role in achieving sustainable development of the country is implementing sustainable construction and design practices into Malaysian construction industry. This study concerns the essential elements of sustainable development adopting in Malaysia and after that, the constraint factor in the incorporation and implementation in Malaysian construction industry has been discussed. The element identification process was collected through intensive literature study. This study involved all the expertise who has strong background in sustainable development. The research conducted via questionnaire, which is to obtain their response through these issues. From the data collection and analysis, as conclusion, a number of strategies need to developed and tight in the current situation in order to achieve the sustainable development and construction. Respective parties have to get a first move to make it awareness among construction player and community as well. From this research as well, other relevant issue such as economic and social issue also has been discuss together to make sure our construction industry can adopt new technology implementation without compromising with quality and standard of building itself.

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Heavy Metal Emitting from Welding Fumes in Automotive Industry[ ]


Heavy metal emitting from welding fumes in the automotive industry provide the significant health impacts to workers. Objectives of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the occupational environment setting in an automotive industry, to study the concentration of heavy metals in the welding fumes and to propose the appropriate control measure of welding fumes emission toward safe work environment in an automotive industry. A personal monitoring and area monitoring was conducted to determine the workers exposures to welding fumes. The concentration of welding fumes was analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) with referring to ASTM. All the heavy metals were permitted the OSHA PEL-TWA except Arsenic. The appropriate control measures was proposed such as substitution and local exhaust ventilation which towards safe and healthy environment

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Sustainability Concern in Value Management: A Study on Government’s Building Project[ ]


Active promotions of sustainable development by government and non-governmental organisations have proved that Malaysia is committed to reduce the nation’s carbon emission intensity by 40% per GDP by 2020. The building industry was identified as one of the biggest resource user, therefore sustainable building is seen to be the effective way to reduce it. To date, only 6 government buildings were certified as ‘Green Building’ which did not reflect to the initiatives and policies made by the government in sustainable practice although it has already begun since 1979. Value Management (VM) has been recognized by Malaysian Government as a strategic planning tool and it has been practice ever since. A suitable mechanism to deliver sustainable construction project. In order to propose the idea of integrating sustainability in VM practice, a field study was conducted to VM practitioners, which involve in government-building projects. The survey was to investigate sustainable consideration in the existing practice of VM. The aim of this paper is to investigate sustainable consideration in the existing practice of VM.This study found that the sustainable knowledge between VM practitioners and the attention given to the project sustainability were only at moderate level. This study provides evidence to suggest that sustainable concern is not one of project’s priorities, which could prove the need to integrate sustainable concern and VM practice in buildings project to enable better involvement of sustainability into present governments’ practice.

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Proportion of Trace Elements from Airborne PM10 in Chiang Mai City Using Pixe Technique[ ]


Elevated level of ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometer (PM10) in Chiang Mai city often occurred during February to April. Trace elements on PM10 were identified using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Leaves and stalks of eight plants commonly found in Chiang Mai-Lamphun basin were burnt in the control combustion chamber and PM10 sample was collected on the micropore polycarbonate filter using GENT air sampler according to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) standard. Multiple elements were detected including Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn and Fe. Ambient PM10 samples (n=27) were also collected from Chiang Mai University main campus as clean area and Saraphi district, a sub-urban of Chiang Mai city. There were predominantly found K, Ca, and S which were similar to biomass burning in the chamber. The cluster analysis showed that ambient PM10 levels from both sites were highly correlated with rice, teak and Yangna biomass burning.

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Production of Microalgal Biomass using Raw Wastewater from Instant Noodle Factory[ ]


Wastewater treatment using microalgae can be applied for nutrients (N and P) removal together with carbon dioxide fixation through photosynthesis. Moreover, algal biomass produced after wastewater treatment can be further utilized as fertilizer or biodiesel extraction. The objective of this research is to enhance microalgae biomass production for recovering nutrients in wastewater from instant noodle factory. The experiment was performed using 2000 ml Duran bottle as culture vessel under laboratory condition. Raw wastewater as mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and effluent after sedimentation were chosen as the nutrient source for the microalga Scenedesmus sp. cultivation. It was found that MLSS wastewater and effluent can be used as a sole nutrients source for Scenedesmus sp. After phosphate addition, treatment with phosphate addition exhibited higher growth and biomass (482.02 ± 144.46 mg/L and 300.73 ± 182.35 mg/L for MLSS and effluent, respectively) than treatment without phosphate addition (200.19 ± 20.13 mg/L and 174.15 ± 45.08 mg/L for MLSS and effluent, respectively). After treatment, total COD reduction was highest by 89.37% and 31.48% for MLSS and effluent, respectively. However, external carbon dioxide supplement was not significantly enhanced microalgal growth in MLSS wastewater from instant noodle factory.

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